PM 215

COMMUNITY- BASED DISASTER RISK AND MANAGEMENT

BASIC CONCEPTS AND

FRAMEWORK FOR
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Lesson 1 (PM 215)
LET'S LOOK AT THE NUMBERS. . .
 While absolute economic losses are
concentrated in high-income countries, the
human cost of disasters falls overwhelmingly on
low and middle-income countries.
For the past 30 years, we have lost 1.2
trillion dollars due to damage.

2.3 million people dead

(almost Namibia's total
population)
DISASTERS ARE EXCACERBATED BY CLIMATE
CHANGE.
Climate change raises uncertainty.
 Between 2018 and 2022, Southern Madagascar
experienced a prolonged drought as rainfall became
scarcer amid a changing climate.
TEMPERATURES: GLOBAL SUMMARY
Remember Maldives?
Q: Which country is the world's most negative
carbon country?
BHUTAN
HOW ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES?
DISASTER RISK
PROFILE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Seismic map of the
Philippines

Source: DOST-PHIVOLCS
Distribution of Active Faults
and Trenches in the
Philippines

Source: DOST
 Paths of
typhoons that
visited the
Philippines from
1900-2009

Source: Racelis, 2010

 Approximately 85.2% of the sources of the country’s
production have been reported to be susceptible to
disasters, and 50.3% of the total land area is considered
to be economically at risk (ADB, 2012).
 16 million people
were affected

1.1 million houses

were affected

Typhoon Haiyan

Source: UNDRR (2019). Disaster Risk Reduction in the Philippines: Status

Report 2019. Bangkok, Thailand, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk
Reduction (UNDRR), Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
 At the household level, poverty is one the
most important factor determining
vulnerability, which is reflected in the
access of basic services and resources,
location of housing, yearly earnings and so
on (The World Bank, 2005).
 What can you say about the video?

Write your answers in a one whole sheet of paper. (3 min.)

 PM 215 DRM History

Historical Development of DRM

Historical Development of
DRM
originated from the practice of relief or emergency
response that was launched as a response to World
War II
PM 215 DRM History

Historical Development of DRM

Historical Development of
DRM
However, during the 1960s or 1970s, humanitarian
organizations realized that distribution of food and
other relief items after a disaster is not sufficient;
thus, the emergence of the concept of Disaster
Management.
PM 215 DRM History

Historical Development of DRM

Historical Development of
DRM
January 2005 - Hyogo Framework for Action was
ratified by 168 countries
10-year global blueprint for DRR

Its goal is to substantially reduce

disaster-related losses on life,
economy, and environment.

GOVERNANCE

RISK
ASSESSMENT

KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT

RISK
REDUCTION

PREPAREDNESS
 Hazard and Risk

What's the difference?

PM 215 DRR

Disaster Risk Reduction

What is Disaster Risk

Reduction?
It seeks to establish risk and vulnerable areas by
analyzing the underlying factors on hazard,
exposure, vulnerability/sensitivity, and adaptive
capacities.
PM 215 DRR

Disaster Risk Management

What is Disaster Risk

Management?
the application of disaster risk reduction policies
and strategies to prevent new disaster risk, reduce
existing disaster risk and manage residual risk,
contributing to the strengthening of resilience and
reduction of disaster losses. (UNDRR)

PM 215 DRR

Prospective disaster risk management

Prospective DRM

addresses and seeks to avoid the development of

new or increased disaster risks
PM 215 DRR

Corrective disaster risk management

Corrective DRM

addresses and seeks to remove or reduce disaster

risks which are already present and which need to
be managed and reduced now
PM 215 DRR

Compensatory disaster risk management

Compensatory DRM

strengthens the social and economic resilience of

individuals and societies in the face of residual risk
that cannot be effectively reduced
PM 215 DRR

Community-based disaster risk management

Community-based DRM

promotes the involvement of potentially affected

communities in disaster risk management at the
local level
PM 215 DRR

Local and indigenous people's approach to DRM

Local and indigenous

people's approach to DRM
recognition and use of traditional, indigenous and
local knowledge and practices to complement
scientific knowledge in disaster risk assessments
and for the planning and implementation of local
disaster risk management
PM 215 DRR

4 thematic areas of DRRM

What are the 4 thematic

areas of disaster risk
reduction and
management?
MEMORIZE THIS ONE!!
 PM 215 DRR

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Disaster Prevention and

Mitigation
outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards
and related disasters

expresses the concept and intention to completely

avoid potential adverse impacts through action
taken in advance
 PM 215 DRR

Disaster Preparedness

Disaster Preparedness
knowledge and capacities developed by
governments, professional response and recovery
organizations, communities and individuals to
effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from,
the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard
events or conditions
 PM 215 DRR

Disaster Response

Disaster Response
provision of emergency services and public
assistance during or immediately after a disaster in
order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure
public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs
of the people affected
 PM 215 DRR

Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

Disaster Rehab. and

Recovery
restoration and improvement where appropriate of
facilities, livelihoods, and living conditions of
disaster-affected communities

begins soon after the emergency phase has ended

Build-back- better
PM 215 DRR

Community- based Disaster Risk and Management

What is CBDRM?
 PM 215 DRR

Community- based Disaster Risk and Management

What is CBDRM?
approach and framework that evolved from
experiences of local NGOs in helping vulnerable
communities in preparing for hazards, responding to
the needs during disasters, and helping reduce the
negative impacts of disasters in their communities
 PM 215 DRR

Community- based Disaster Risk and Management

What is CBDRM?
process of disaster risk reduction and management in
which at- risk communities are actively engaged in the
identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and
evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their
vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities, and where the
people are at the heart of decision-making and
implementation of disaster risk reduction and management
activities
 PM 215 DRR

Community- based Disaster Risk and Management

Features of CBDRM
It looks at disaster as a question of vulnerability.
 PM 215 DRR

Community- based Disaster Risk and Management

Features of CBDRM
It recognizes people’s existing capacities and aims to
strengthen them.
 PM 215 DRR

Community- based Disaster Risk and Management

Features of CBDRM
It contributes to addressing the roots of people’s
vulnerabilities and transforming or removing the social
structures generating inequity and underdevelopment
 PM 215 DRR

Community- based Disaster Risk and Management

Features of CBDRM
It considers people’s participation as an essential
factor to disaster risk reduction.
 PM 215 DRR

Community- based Disaster Risk and Management

Features of CBDRM
It puts premium on the organizational capacities of
vulnerable sectors.
 PM 215 DRR

Community- based Disaster Risk and Management

Features of CBDRM
It mobilizes the less vulnerable sectors into
partnerships with vulnerable sectors in DRR and
development projects.
 PM 215 DRR

Group work

Tomorrow's Agenda
Group Activity and Reporting

Report your understanding of Lesson 1

Answer: How can local communities be empowered to

take a more active role in disaster management and
preparedness? (50 pts.)