Hypothesis Testing

It is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population. It is basically testing an assumption that we can make about a population.

Hypothesis- is an assumption of conjecture about a population parameter which may or may not be true.

Examples:

1. Does the mean height of Grade 11 students differ from 66 inches?

2. Is the proportion of senior male student’s height significally higher than senior female students?

Null Hypothesis
 It is denoted by H0.
 It is the initial claim.
 It shows no significant difference, no changes, nothing happened, no relationship between two parameters.
 The independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable.
 H0 : µ1= µ2

Alternative Hypothesis
 It is denoted by Ha or H1.
 It is the contrary to the null hypothesis.
 It shows that there is significant difference, an effect, change, relationship between a parameter and specific value.
 The independent variable has an effect on the dependent variable.
 Ha : µ1≠ µ2 Ha : µ1> µ2 Ha : µ1< µ2

Null Hypothesis, H0.

= equal to, the same as, not changed from, is

Alternative Hypothesis, Ha or H1.

≠ Not equal, different from, changed from, not the same as

> Greater than, above, higher than, longer than, bigger than, increased, at least

< Less than, below, lower than, smaller than, shorter than, decreased or reduced from, at most
State the null and alternative hypotheses for each statement

Example 1: The average age of bus drivers in metro Manila is 38.8 years.

 H0 : µ= 38.8 years
 Ha : µ≠ 38.8 years

Example 2: