Küçük Stajlar

2022 - 11. Dönem

TASARIM: HÜSEYİN KUL

Uz. Dr. Fatih KARAGÜZEL

İçindekiler

Çocuk Kulak, Burun,

Üroloji Cerrahisi Boğaz
3 22 34
52 Göz Hastalıkları Dermatoloji
99
65 Radyoloji Psikiyatri
114

71 Halk Sağlığı Nöroloji

124

77 Göğüs ve Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Nöroşirurji

148

82 Ortopedi
Küçük Stajlar | 1. Üroloji

Üroloji

03
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1. Ü趕¶ƒ Ĕɭơʋơɭ7ʠɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠࢎ‘ȶŹɭŔ%ʠȍnjʠɽʠ࢏

Anomaliler

FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥŹɃŹɭơȇŔȥȶȟŔȍǫɽǫƂ Füzyon
anomalisi

FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥŹɃŹɭơȇljʧ˖ˊȶȥŔȥȶȟŔȍǫɽǫƂ ʋȥŔȍǬ
ŹɃŹɭơȇࢎFɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơƎŔǠŔljŔ˖ȍŔƎǬɭࡲþŔȥǬɽǬȥƎŔơȥ
ˊŔɭŔɭȍǬʋơȇʋǫȇzĪáࢫƎǫɭ࡫ơȥɽǬȇŔȍʋʠƇʋŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ࢏

FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥŹɃŹɭơȇȍȶȇŔȍǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥʠŔȥȶȟŔȍǫɽǫƂ
èơȥŔȍơȇʋȶɢǫࢎáơȍʽǫȇŹɃŹɭơȇ࢏

FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍʧɭơʋơɭŔȥȶȟŔȍǫɽǫƂ
ĔɭơʋơɭƎʠɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠࢎþŔȥǬzĪáǫȍơȇȶȥʠȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ࢏
ࡧĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥȍŔɭƎŔʽơŹơŹơȇȍơɭƎơnjɃɭʧȍơȥʧɭǫȥơɭ
ɽǫɽʋơȟƎơơȥɽǬȇȶŹɽʋɭʠȇʋǫljʧɭơʋɭŔȍȍơ˖ˊȶȥ
ࡧáȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭʠɭơʋɭŔȍvalv (Sadece erkeklerde ve
distal prostatik uretrada görülür.) ‘ơɽǫȇȇơɽǫȇ࡫
ƎŔȟȍŔȟŔʋŔɭ˖ǬǫʂơȟơˊŔɢŔɭࡲ Bilateral hidronefroza
ȥơƎơȥȶȍʠɭࡲþŔȥǫʽȶǫƎǫȥnjɽǫɽʋȶʠɭơʋɭȶnjɭŔljǫǫȍơ
ȇȶȥʠȍʠɭࡲ
• Üriner ɽǫɽʋơȟŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭǫˊȍơŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơɽǬȇ
ɭŔɽʋȍŔȥǬȍŔȥŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭࡲ
ࡧƒȥȟơȟǫʂʋơɽʋǫɽʽơǫȥnjʠǫȥŔȍǠơɭȥǫࡲ

VCUG

áȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭčɭơʋɭŔȍĪŔȍʽ

4
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ࡧFȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥŔƎơʋŔȥȶȟŔȍǫɽǫ ĔɭȶnjơȥǫʋŔȍȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ
ࡧþơȇʋŔɭŔljȍǬŔnjơȥơʋǫȇŹɃŹɭơȇ(Genelde
asemptomik) ࢦqǫɢȶɽɢŔƎǫŔɽ
ࡧĔɭǫȥơɭɽǫɽʋơȟŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭǫơȥɽǬȇơʂȍǫȇơƎơȥ ࡧĔɭơʋɭŔȍˊȶȍȍŔǫȍnjǫȍǫơȥɽǬȇŔȥȶȟŔȍǫ
sisʋơȟǫȇŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ • eȍŔȥʠȍơɭʽơˊŔȇȶɭȶȥŔȍ
ࡧȥȶnjơȥǫʋŔȍȟŔȍljȶɭȟŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ ࡧáɭơȥŔʋŔȍčòe
ࡧáơˊnjŔȟŹơɭɽʧȥȥơʋȍǫƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭ
ࡧƒȥȟơȟǫʂʋơɽʋǫɽǫȍǫʂȇǫɽǫ

oǨɝȲɷȲŔƌǨŔɷ/ƟɻǨʄȊƟɧǨ

ࡧ1ȶƃʠȇȍʠȇƇŔǐǬȥƎŔȇǫǠǫƎɭȶȥơljɭȶ˖ʠȥơȥɽǬȇɽơŹơŹǫ
ʧɭơʋơɭȶɢơȍʽǫȇƎŔɭȍǬȇʋǬɭࡲ ࢦFɢǫɽɢŔƎǫŔɽࡪ
ࡧFɢǫɽɢŔƎǫŔɽơȥɽǬȇơȇɽʋɭȶljǫŔ
ࡧčɭŔȇʠɽȇŔȍǬȥʋǬɽǬȥƎŔȥȟơɽŔȥơŔƎơȥȶȇŔȥɽơɭ
ʽơ˖ǫȇŔˊŔơʂȍǫȇơƎơɭࡲ
njơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ȶȟɢȍơʋơɢǫɽɢŔƎǫŔɽȍǬȍŔɭȇŔȍǬƃǬ
ǫȥljơɭʋǫȍŔȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

‘ȶȟɢȍơʋFɢǫɽɢŔƎǫŔɽ

ࢦ¡ơɽŔȥơŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭǫࡪ
ࡧFȇɽʋɭȶljǫʽơɽǫȇŔࡪ
ȟơɽŔȥơȥǫȥȇŔɭǬȥɃȥ
ƎʠʽŔɭǬȥŔŔƇǬȍȟŔɽǬࡲ
Hemen daima
epispadiasla birliklte
ࡧ‘ŔȍǬƃǬʠɭŔȇʠɽࡪ ʠɭŔȇʠɽ
kistinden adena ca
njơȍǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

DȄɷʄɧȲLJǨŔʶƟˏǨȄŔȊǩǝŔɷʄŔȊŔɧȜʠȜȄʠȢȲȊŔȢ
ƟȢȄǩɷŔɷʠɧƟƌƟŔȜƟȊǨ˃ŔʄƟƌǨȊȜƟȊǨƌǨɧ࡯

‘ȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍþơɽʋǫɽȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭǫ

‘ɭǫɢʋȶȶɭʂǫƎǫ˖ȟࢎeơɭƇơȇǫȥȟơȟǫʂʋơɽʋǫɽ࢏ࡪ
þơɽʋǫɽȍơɭǫȥɽȇɭȶʋʠȟŔȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍȶȍŔɭŔȇǫȥȟơƎǫǐǫ
ʽơˊŔǫȥǫʂˊȶȍʠʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơŹǫɭˊơɭƎơŔɽǬȍǬȇŔȍȟŔɽǬ
ƎʠɭʠȟʠȥŔƎơȥǫɭࡲ

5
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ࡧþŔȥǬɽǬȥƎŔǫȍȇʋơɭƃǫǠčòeࢫƎǫɭࡲ‘ơɽǫȥʋŔȥǬ¡èǫȍơ
ȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
ࡧþơɽʋǫɽǫǫȥƎǫɭȟơƎơǠȶɭȟȶȥŔȍʋơƎŔʽǫƎơࢎq-eʽơˊŔ
e¥èq࢏ŹŔʂŔɭǬȶȍŔɭŔȥǬहࠄगहࠁ߿ƃǫʽŔɭǬȥƎŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ-ơɭɭŔǠǫʋơƎŔʽǫʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲࢎ¶ɭʂǫȶɢơȇɽǫ࢏

ƒȥȟơȟǫʂþơɽʋǫɽèǫɽȇbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫ
ࡧáɭơȟŔʋʠɭǫʋơ
ࡧ7ʧʂʧȇƎȶǐʠȟŔǐǬɭȍǬǐǬ
• ƒȥʋɭŔʠʋơɭǫȥnjơȍǫʂȟơnjơɭǫȍǫǐǫ
ࡧáȍŔɽơȥʋŔȍʽơȟŔʋơɭȥŔȍljŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭ
ࡧ1ơʽɭơɽơȍljŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭ Fȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥ
• Gestayonel diyabet
ࡧòǫnjŔɭŔ ƒƎɭŔɭˊȶȍʠơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
ࢦ¥Ŕ˖ȶȇȶȟǫˊŔȍơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǫƇǫȥƎơࠀࡲɽǬɭŔƎǬɭࡲ
1. ƒȥȟơȟǫʂʋơɽʋǫɽȍơɭƎơǠǫɽʋȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇƎȶȇʠ › Bakteriüri kriterleri
ŹʧʋʧȥȍʧǐʧȥʧȥŹȶ˖ʠȍȟŔɽǬʽơǠʧƃɭơǠŔɽŔɭǬࠀࡲˊǬȍƎŔȥ ࡪêƟȜɝʄȲȜŔʄǨȄȄŔƌǩȢƌŔࠃࠂঈࠄƂLJʙȄȲȊǨLJȲɧȜŸŔȄʄƟɧǨ
ǫʋǫŹŔɭơȥŹŔʂȍŔɭࡲ ʶƟ˃ŔࠃࠂঈࠇƂLJʙȢȲȢ-ȄȲȊǨLJȲɧȜŸŔȄʄƟɧǨࡲ
2. ƒȥȟơȟǫʂʋơɽʋǫɽȍơɭʋơƎŔʽǫơƎilmedikleri takdirde ࡪêƟȜɝʄȲȜŔʄǨȄƟɧȄƟȄʄƟࠃࠂঈࠅƂLJʙŸŔȄʄƟɧǨࡲ
5-ࠅˊŔʂǬȥƎŔȥɽȶȥɭŔȟʠʋȍŔȇŔǫȥljơɭʋǫȍǠŔȍơ ࡪɷƟȜʄȲȜŔʄǨȄǝŔɷʄŔƌŔǨȄǨɷɝƟɷȜƟȢƌƟࠃࠂঈࠇƂLJʙ
njơȍơŹǫȍǫɭȍơɭࡲ ŸŔȄʄƟɧǨࡲ
ࡪêʙɝɧŔɝʙŸǨȄȄŔʄƟʄƟɧǨˏŔɷ˃ȲȢȊŔŔȊǩȢŔȢǝŔɷʄŔƌŔ
• þơƎŔʽǫȍơɭơɭŔǐȟơȥǫȥljơɭʋǫȍȇŔȍŔȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇ
üreme.
FɢǫɽɢŔƎǫŔɽࢫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡪċɧǨȢƟɧȄŔʄƟʄƟɧǨȲȊŔȢǝŔɷʄŔƌŔࠃࠂঈࠄƂLJʙŸŔȄʄƟɧǨࡲ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫơƎǫȍǫɭɽơǫȥljơɭʋǫȍǫʋơɽǫƎʧ˖ơȍơȥȇŔȍǬʋɽŔȍ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇǫȥȟơȟǫʂʋơɽʋǫɽࢫƎǫɭࡲ ࢦáǫˊʧɭǫࡪ büyük büyütmede Ƃ ࠀ߿ŹơˊŔ˖ȇʧɭơ

¥Ŕ˖ȶȇȶȟǫˊŔȍFȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭ
ࠀ࢏ ƒƎɭŔɭˊȶȍʠơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
ࠁ࢏ ĵŔɭŔˊơɭǫơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
ࠂ࢏ qŔɽʋŔȥơȇŔˊȥŔȇȍǬɢȥɃȟȶȥǫȍơɭ

ƒˊơ

þơƎŔʽǫơƎǫȍȟơˊơȥǫȥȟơȟǫʂʋơɽʋǫɽȍơɭƎơȇŔȥser riski ࢦFࡲ-ȶȍǫơȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥࡲ

ˊŔȇȍŔʂǬȇࠂ߿ȇŔʋŔɭʋŔɭࡲFȥƇȶȇŔɭʋŔȥȇŔȥɽơɭɭǫɽȇǫ ࢦqŔɽʋŔȥơȇŔˊȥŔȇȍǬƒˊơơȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥFࡲ-ȶȍǫ
ɽơȟǫȥȶȟȍŔɭࢫƎǬɭࡲ ࢦƒˊơơȥƇȶȇŔɽơȥƎŔȥˊȶȍȍŔȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࡧáɭơƎǫɽɢȶ˖ŔȥljŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭࡲ
- ĵŔʂȍǬȍǬȇ
- 7¡
- þŔʂǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
- ¶Źɽʋɭʧȇɽǫˊȶȥ
- -ǫȥɽơȍŔȇʋǫʽǫʋơnjơŹơȍǫȇ
- ¥ɃɭȶǿơȥȟơɽŔȥơ
- Īčè

6
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ࢦƒȇǫˊŔʂǬȥŔȍʋǬȥƎŔȇǫʋʧȟƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔʽơǠơɭˊŔʂʋŔȇǫ
ơɭȇơȇƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔǫȍȇƒĵFɽȶȥɭŔɽǬŹʧˊʧȇȇǬ˖
ƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔǫȇǫȥƃǫơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥƎŔȥɽȶȥɭŔʽȶǫƎǫȥnj
ɽǫɽʋȶʠɭơʋɭȶnjɭŔljǫˊŔɢǬȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
-èơȥŔȍŔŹɽơơȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥɽʋŔljࡲʠɭơʠɽ
ࡧèơȥŔȍŔŹɽơǫƇǫȥɭǫɽȇljŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫǠơȟȶƎǫˊŔȍǫ˖࡫7ȟ࡫
ǫʽǫȍŔƇȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬ
ࢦáɭȶɽʋŔʋŔŹɽơɽǫࡪ ƎǫˊŔŹơʋǫȇǠŔɽʋŔƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ࡤȇʠʋŹŔȇʋơɭǫˊơȍɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǫʋȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠƎʠɭʽơ
ơȥɽǬȇʧɭơʋɭŔˊŔŔƇǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧȇʠʋɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋȍǫǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥǫƎɭŔɭŔȥŔȍǫ˖ǫȥƎơ
ȍɃȇȶɽǫʋʽơŹŔȇʋơɭǫȥǫȥnjɃɽʋơɭǫȍȟơɽǫŔȥȍŔȟȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧȇʠʋɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋʋŔȥǬɽǬȥƎŔȇʧȍʋʧɭƎơʧɭơȟơ
ɃȥơȟȍǫŹǫɭʋŔȥǬˊɃȥʋơȟǫƎǫɭࡲ%ǫȍnjǫɽŔˊŔɭȍǬ
ʋȶȟȶnjɭŔljǫˊȍơŔȇʠǬʋɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋʋŔȥǬɽǬ
ƎȶǐɭʠȍŔȥŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
þơƎŔʽǫࡪ ȟɢǫɽǫȍǫȥऋŔȟǫȥȶnjȍǫȇȶ˖ǫʋȇȶȟŹǫȥŔɽˊȶȥʠ
ʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
èơȥŔȍþɭŔʽȟŔ

ࡧ‘ȶɽʋȶʽơɭʋơɭŹɭŔȍŔƇǬǠŔɽɽŔɽǫˊơʋǫ
ĔɭơʋɭǫʋࢎǫɽʋǫɽȥŔ࢏ ࡧáŔȍɢŔŹȍȇǫʋȍơ
ࢦFȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥnjȶȥȶȇȶȇࢫʋʠɭࡲ • Alt kostalar üzerinde krepitasyon
ࡧ¥ȶȥnjȶȥȶȇȶȇŔȍʧɭơʋɭǫʋȍơɭǫȥơȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥǫ ࡧ%ɃȍnjơȍȶȇŔȍǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥʠȥŔʠˊŔȥơȇǫȟȶ˖
ȇȍŔȟǫƎˊŔŔȍǬɭࡲ

ࠀࡲòȶɭʠ

Non-njȶȥȶȇȶȇȇŔȍʧɭơʋɭǫʋơơȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥȶȍŔȥơʋȇơȥ
ŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫƎǫɭࡳ(yandal)

࢏¡ˊƃȶɢȍŔɽȟŔnjơȥǫʋŔȍǫʠȟ
%࢏þɭǫƃǠȶȟȶȥŔɽʽŔnjǫȥŔȍǫɽ
-࢏čɭơŔɢȍŔɽȟŔʠɭơȶŔȍˊʋǫƃʠȟ
7࢏-ǠȍŔȟˊƎǫŔʋɭŔƃǠȶȟŔʋǫɽ
F࢏òǫʋȶȟơnjŔȍȶʽǫɭʠɽ

Akut Pyelonefrit

ࡧĵʧȇɽơȇŔʋơʂ ‘ɭȶȥǫȇáˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋ
ࡧĵŔȥŔǐɭǬɽǬ
• Lökosit silendirleri • Klinik belirsiz
ࡧFȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥFࡲ-ȶȍǫ ࡧ%ǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍʋʠʋʠȍʠȟƎŔqǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧ‘Īqऋ ࡧȥơȟǫˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
• Dizüri

õŔŸȊȲNJƟȢƟȊȊǨȄȊƟ tek ʄŔɧŔLJȊǩƌǩɧࡲ

ࡧ‘ɭȶȥǫȇɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋȍơɭƎơŔȇʠʋɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋʋơȥljŔɭȇȍǬ
ȶȍŔɭŔȇǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥʂǫƎƎơʋǫȥơnjɃɭơŹɃŹɭơȇ
ɢŔɭŔȥȇǫȟǫȥƎơƎơǐǫʂǫȇƎơɭơƃơȍơɭƎơ Ŕʋɭȶljǫ
njɃɽʋơɭǫȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ɭȶȥȶǫȇɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋơŹŔǐȍǬŹɃŹɭơȇȍơɭƎơȶȍʠʂŔȥ
skar en iyi 7¡òɽǫȥʋǫnjɭŔljǫ yönʋơȟǫǫȍơnjɃɽʋơɭǫȍǫɭࡲ

ࡧ‘ɭȶȥǫȇɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋǫȥɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫɽȥƎơʋǫɭȶǫƎǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥ
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡷ ʋǫɭȶƎǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥƎŔȥ ȇŔɽǬʋŹǫɭŹǫɭǫȥơȶȟʠ˖
ʽơɭȟǫʂǠŔljǫljŹǫɭŹǫɭǫȥǫǫʋơȟljȶȍȍǫȇʧȍǠʧƃɭơɽǫȥơ
Źơȥ˖ơɭǠʧƃɭơnjɭʠɢȍŔɭǬȥǬȥŹɃŹɭơȇƎȶȇʠɽʠ
ǫƇơɭǫɽǫȥƎơȇʧȟơȍơȥȟǫʂȶȍȟŔɽǬʽơ
ɽǫʋȶɢȍŔ˖ȟŔȍŔɭǬȥǬȥŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥǠŔȍơnjơȍȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ

7
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

‘ɽŔȥʋȶnjɭŔȥʠȍȶȟŔʋɃ˖ɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋnjơɭơȇȇȍǫȥǫȇ
njơɭơȇɽơɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȇɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭǫˊȍơɭơȥŔȍƃơȍȍƃŔࢫˊǬ
ʋŔȇȍǫʋơƎơŹǫȍǫɭࡲáŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇŸƟɧɧŔȄǝʠƂɧƟȊǨ
ɧƟȢŔȊƂƟȊȊƂŔࢪȢǩȢ ơȥɽǬȇȇŔɭǬʂʋǬǐǬɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȇƎʠɭʠȟ
ȇɽŔȥʋȶnjɭŔȥʠȍȶȟŔʋɃ˖ɢˊơȍȥơljɭǫʋʋǫɭࡲ

- ‘ɽŔȥʋȶnjɭŔȥʠȍȶȟŔʋɃ˖áˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋƂ Berrak
qʧƃɭơȍǫèơȥŔȍ-ơȍȍ-Ŕ
- ‘ɽŔȥʋȶnjɭŔȥʠȍȶȟŔʋɃ˖‘ȶȍơɽǫɽʋǫʋƂ òŔljɭŔ‘ơɽơɽǫ
‘Ŕɭɽǫȥȶȟʠ

òǫȥʋǫnjɭŔljǫ ȟljǫ˖ơȟŔʋɃ˖ɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋ
7¡ò– ò‘è ࡧȟljǫ˖ơȟŔʋɃ˖ɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋŹʧˊʧȇȇǬɽȟǬƎǫˊabet
7þá– %ɃŹɭơȇbȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ ǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍơȥɧƟȢŔȊɝŔɧŔȢȄǨȜʶƟ˃Ŕ
MAG3 – eȍȶȟơɭʠȍŔɭ%Ŕ˖Ŕȍ¡ơŹɭŔȥbȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥʠ ɝƟɧǨȢƟLJɧǨʄǨȄƌȲȄʙƌŔNJŔˏȊŔȄŔɧŔȄʄƟɧǨˏƟ böbrek
nekrotizan ơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ

‘ɽŔȥʋȶnjɭŔȥʠȍȶȟŔʋɃ˖ɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋ

ࡧ‘ɽŔȥʋȶnjɭŔȥʠȍŔȟŔʋɃ˖ɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋࠅ߿ˊŔʂƃǫʽŔɭǬ ȇʠʋòǫɽʋǫʋ
ɽơȥǫȍɢŔɢʧȍŔɽˊȶȥƎŔnjɃ˖ʧȇơȥˊŔˊnjǬȥŸȾŸɧƟȢ ࡧFࡲƃȶȍǫ࡫òࡲɽŔɢǠɭȶɢǠˊʋǫƃʠɽ
ɝŔɧŔȢȄǨȜ˃ǩȄǩȜǩ˃ȊŔȄŔɧŔȄʄƟɧǨˏƟ böbrek ࡧʋơʂŹơȇȍơȥȟơ˖ࡲ
ɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋǫƎǫɭࡲ ࡧqŔɽʋŔȥǬȥȇȍǫȥǫǐǫȥƎơƎǫ˖ʧɭǫ࡫ȥȶȇʋʧɭǫ࡫ɢȶȍȍŔȇʧɭǫ࡫Ŕƃǫȍ
• Köpüksü lipid yüklü histiyositler (ksontoma ǫƎɭŔɭŔnjǫʋȟơǫɽʋơǐǫ ɽǬȇȶȍŔɭŔȇʋơɽɢǫʋơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
ǝʠƂɧƟȊƟɧǨ࢈ȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ

- ȇʠʋɽǫɽʋǫʋȟơɽŔȥơƎʠʽŔɭǬȥǬȥȇŔȍǬȥȍŔʂȟŔɽǬˊȍŔ
ȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơȶȍʠɢǠơȟŔʋʧɭǫ࡫ɽʠɢɭŔɢʠŹǫȇŔǐɭǬ
ʂǫȇŔˊơʋȍơɭǫˊȍơȇŔɭʂǬȟǬ˖ŔnjơȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

áƟȢŔȊɝŔɧŔȢȄǨȜǨʄŔȜŔȜƟȢƌƟɷʄɧʠȄʄƟƟʄȜǨɻȄȾʠȄɷʠ
ǝǨɷʄǨ˃ȲɷǨʄȊƟɧƌƟȢȲȊʙɻŔȢȄɷŔȢʄȲNJɧŔȢʠȊȲȜŔʄȾˏȊƟˏ˃ȲȢ
ࢇoॺD࡬˂ࠃࠂࠂ࢈

‘ɽŔȥʋȶnjɭŔȥʠȍȶȟŔʋɃ˖áˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋ

èǫɽȇ bŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫࡪ
ࡧ7¡ ࡧòơȇɽʧơȍǫȍǫʂȇǫ
ࡧ%ŔˊŔȥȍŔɭƎŔɽǬȇ
ࡧƒƎɭŔɭˊȶȍʠɢŹɽʋɭʠȇɽǫˊȶȥʠ
ࡧȇʠʋɽǫɽʋǫʋʋŔȥǬɽǬȥƎŔȍŔŹȶɭŔʋʠŔɭࡪ Ú˃ʠɧǨࢇए
ࡧƒƎɭŔɭˊȶȍʠʋŔʂȍŔɭǬ
ࠃࠂࡸȜȜࠅ), Bakteriüri ࢇऍࠃࠂࠂࡸȜȊ࢈
ࡧȇʠʋɽǫɽʋǫʋǫȥʋơƎŔʽǫɽʧɭơɽǫˊŔȇȍŔʂǬȇࠂnjʧȥƎʧɭࡲ
ࢎ%Ŕ˖ǬƎʠɭʠȟȍŔɭƎŔʋơƎŔʽǫɽʧɭơɽǫࠄ-ࠆnjʧȥơ
ʠ˖ŔʋǬȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ࢏

8
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

ࡧþơƎŔʽǫƎơʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍơȥŔǿŔȥȍŔɭƎŔȥǫȍȇʋơɭƃǫǠ ȇʠʋáɭȶɽʋŔʋǫʋ
‘ǫȥȶȍȶȥȍŔɭ ƎŔǠŔɽȶȥɭŔǫɽơþɭǫȟơʋȶɢɭǫȟऋ
ɽʠȍljȶȟơʋŔȇɽŔ˖ȍȶȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
FǐơɭŹơʋŔȍŔȇʋŔȟŔȍɭʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍơƃơȇɽơŹơʂnjʧȥ
ʋơƎŔʽǫʠˊnjʠȍŔȥȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧȇʠʋɽǫɽʋǫʋnjǫŹǫơȥljơȇɽǫˊɃ˖ƎʠɭʠȟȍŔɭƎŔ
ǠǫƎɭŔɽˊȶȥʠɽŔǐȍŔƎǬǐǬʋơȟǫ˖ȍơȥȟơƇȶȇɃȥơȟȍǫŹǫɭ
ʋơƎŔʽǫˊɃȥʋơȟǫƎǫɭࡲ

- eơŹơȍǫȇnjǫŹǫŔȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬȥǬȥȇǬɽǬʋȍǬ
ȶȍƎʠǐʠƎʠɭʠȟȍŔɭƎŔŔɽơƎŔȥˊȶȍȍŔŹʠȍŔʂǬɭǫɽȇǫȥǫơȥ
aza indirơɭơȇʋơƎŔʽǫǫǠʋǫȟŔȍǫȥǫŔɭʋǬɭŔȥljȶɽljȶȟǫɽǫȥ
NA ʋơƎŔʽǫˊơơȇȍơȥȟơȍǫˊŔƎŔǫȍȇʋơɭƃǫǠȶȍŔɭŔȇ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥFࡲƃȶlidir.
ࡧȇʠʋɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǫʋȍơɭƎơɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǫ˖ȟɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬ
ʋơɽɢǫʋơƎǫȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡷƎǫ˖ʠɭǫ࡫ɢȶȍȍŔȇʧɭǫ࡫ŔƃǫȍǫƎŔɭơnjǫʋȟơ
ǫǠʋǫˊŔƃǬnjǫŹǫࡲ

ࡧȇʠʋɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǫʋʋŔȥǬɽǬčòeǫȍơȇȶȥʠȍʠɭࡲ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơǫȍȇʋơɭƃǫǠʋơȇǫȥȶȍȶȥȍŔɭʽơ
ʋɭǫȟơʋȶɢɭǫȟɽʠȍljȶȟơʋŔˉŔ˖ȶȍʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍǫɭȇơȥ
ŔȍʋơɭȥŔʋǫljʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫŔȟɢǫɽǫȍǫȥऋnjơȥʋŔȟǫɽǫȥǫȍơ
ˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ

- ȇʠʋɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǫʋȍǫǠŔɽʋŔˊŔɽơɢɽǫɽɭǫɽȇǫȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơ
ɭơȇʋŔȍʋʠʂơɃȥơɭǫȍȟơȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ
- eȍȶŹȍŔnjơȍơȥŔȇʠʋɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǫʋȍǫǠŔɽʋŔˊŔɽǫɽʋȶljǫȇɽ
ʋŔȇǬȍǬɭ࡮
èơȥŔȍŔŹɽơȍơɭ

ࡧ%ɃŹɭơȇʋơȶȍʠʂŔȥŔɢɽơȍơɭnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơ
ɭơʋɭȶɢơɭǫʋȶȥƎŔȶȍʠʂȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲèơʋɭȶɢơɭǫʋȶȥơŔȍ
ŔŹɽơȍơɭƎơơȥɽǬȇǫ˖ȶȍơơƎǫȍơȥŔǿŔȥòࡲŔʠɭơʠɽʋʠɭࡲ
• AɢɽơljȶɭȟŔɽˊȶȥʠȥƎŔɢơɭǫɭơȥŔȍŔɢɽơȍơɭࠆࠁɽŔŔʋʋơ
ʋơƎŔʽǫˊơƃơʽŔɢʽơɭȟơˊơȥŔȇʠʋɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋȍǫ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔȟʠʋȍŔȇŔơȇŔɭʋơơƎǫȍȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
• Apsenin retroperitondaki ekartasyon yönetmi
ȄȲȢʄɧŔɷʄȊǩŸǨȊNJǨɷŔ˃ŔɧȊǩʄȲȜȲNJɧŔLJǨȊƟɧƌǨɧࡲ

9

ȇʠʋFɢǫƎǫƎǫȟǫʋʽơ¶ɭʂǫʋ
ࡧþơɽʋǫȇʠȍơɭŔǐɭǬʽơơɢǫƎǫƎǫȟǫȥ ŔǐɭǬȍǬɃƎơȟǫǫȍơ
ȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơơȥljơȇɽǫˊɃ˖ƎʠɭʠȟƎʠɭࡲFȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥȍơɭ
¥ࡲnjȶȥȶɭɭǠơŔʽơ-ࡲʋɭŔƃǠȶȟŔʋǫɽʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧĵŔʂȍǬȍŔɭƎŔɽơȇɽʧơȍnjơƇǫʂȍǫȶȍȟŔˊŔȥȍŔɭƎŔǫɽơơȥ
ɽǬȇơʋȇơȥFࡲ-ȶȍǫࢫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ¥ȶɭȟŔȍƎơʋȶɭŹŔȥǬȥŔȍʋǬȥƎŔȶȍŔȥʋơɽʋǫɽǫȥƎɃȥȟơ
ɽȶȥʠƃʠȥƎŔʧɽʋȇǬɽȟŔƇơȇǫȍȟơɽǫʽơˊʠȇŔɭǬ
ȇŔȍƎǬɭȟŔȇȍŔʋơɽʋǫɽʋơȇǫŔǐɭǬȥǬȥŔɭʋȟŔɽǬʋȶɭɽǫˊȶȥʠ
ƎơɽʋơȇȍơɭࡲࢎáɭơǠȥ%ʠȍnjʠɽʠ࢏
ࡧáȶ˖ǫʋǫljáɭơǠȥऑȇʠʋFɢǫƎǫƎǫȟȶȶɭʂǫʋ
- ȇʠʋơɢǫƎǫƎǫȟǫʋʋŔȥǬɽǬɽȇɭȶʋŔȍčòeǫȍơȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
- òơȇɽʧơȍnjơƇǫʂȍǫʽŔȇŔȍŔɭƎŔɽơljʋɭǫŔȇɽȶȥऋ
ƎȶȇɽǫɽǫȇȍǫȥȇȶȟŹǫȥŔɽˊȶȥʠʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
- òơȇɽʧơȍnjơƇǫʂǫȶȍȟŔˊŔȥʽŔȇŔȍŔɭƎŔǫȍȇʋơɭƃǫǠ
ȇǫȥȶȍŔȥʽơŔȍʋơɭȥŔʋǫljǫȶȍŔɭŔȇþ¡áऋò¡ĴȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
• ȟǫȶƎɭŔȶȥƎȶ˖ǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫơɢǫƎǫƎǫȟǫʋˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
10
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
‘ɭȶȥǫȇáɭȶɽʋŔʋǫʋ
ࡧþơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊǬƃǬƒĵFࢫˊơȥơƎơȥȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ɭȶȥǫȇɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǫʋơʋǫˊȶȍȶǿǫɽǫȥƎơŔȍȇȶȍ࡫‘ȍŔȟǫƎˊŔʽơ
čࡲčɭơŔȍˊʋǫƃʠȟʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧqŔɽʋŔȍŔɭȇȍǫȥǫǐơƎǫ˖ʧɭǫ࡫ɢơɭǫȥơƎơŔǐɭǬ࡫ɽǬȇǫƎɭŔɭŔ
ƇǬȇȟŔ࡫Ŕ˖ŔȍȟǬʂȍǫŹǫƎȶʽơŔǐɭǬȍǬơǿŔȇʠȍŔɽˊȶȥ
ʂǫȇŔˊơʋǫˊȍơŹŔʂʽʠɭʠɭȍŔɭࡲ
- ĪŔȇŔɽȶɭʠɽʠȥƎŔŔȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇȍơŹŔɽȇǬȍŔȥǬɢ
tekrarlayan enfeksiyon denilirse kronik prostatit
Ǝʧʂʧȥȟơȍǫˊǫ˖ࡲ
- Kronik prostŔʋǫʋʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơơɭǫʋɭȶȟǫɽǫȥʽơ
¥òz7ࢫȍơɭʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
þʧŹơɭȇʧȍȶ˖
ࡧþ%-ơȥȟɽǬȇ-ࢫǫʋʠʋŔɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇŹɃŹɭơȇȇȶɭʋơȇɽǫȥǫʽơơɢǫƎǫƎǫȟʽơɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǬ
ʋʠʋŔɭࡲ
ࡧeơȥǫʋŔȍȍơɭƎơȥơȥɽǬȇơɭȇơȇʋơơɢǫƎǫƎǫȟ࡫ɽȶȥɭŔ
ɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǬʋǬʋʠʋŔɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ŔƎǬȥƎŔǫɽơơȥɽǬȇʋʠŹŔ࡫ɽȶȥɭŔơȥƎȶȟơʋɭǫˊʠȟʠ
ʋʠʋŔɭࡲࢎơȇȍơ࢏
ࡧeȶȍljƎơȍǫǐǫ ʧɭơʋơɭˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
ࡧqơȟŔʋʧɭǫʽơɢǫˊʧɭǫˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ʧȍʋʧɭƎơʧɭơȟơˊȶȇɽŔʋŔȥǬþʧŹơɭȇʧȍȶ˖ࢫƎʠɭࡲ
ࡧèơȥŔȍǠŔɽŔɭȥơƎơȥǫʧɭơʋơɭȶɢơȍʽǫȇŹǫȍơʂȇơƎơɽȇŔɭ
ȶȍʠʂȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ%ɃŹɭơȇʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠȥʠȥहࠇࠄȍǫȇȇǬɽȟǬʧȥǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍƎǫɭࡲ
þʠʋʋʠǐʠŹɃŹɭơȇʋơoʋȶȥơljɭơȇʋȶȟǫˊơ ɽơŹơɢȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧèơȥŔȍʋʧŹơɭȇʧȍȶ˖ʧɭơʋơɭȶɢơȍʽǫȇȶŹɽʋɭʧȇɽǫˊȶȥŔ
ŹŔǐȍǬȶʋȶȥơljɭơȇʋȶȟǫˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
ࡧzĪáࢫƎơࢨnjʧʽơˊơȥǫǐǫȟŔȥ˖ŔɭŔɽǬࢩ ˊŔɢŔɭࡲ

ࡧFɢǫƎǫƎǫȟʋʠʋʠȍʠɭɽŔʽŔɽƎơljơɭơȥɽࢨʋơʂŹǫǠʋŔȥơɽǫ
ʂơȇȍǫȥǫࢩŔȍǬɭʽơŔǐɭǬˊŔɢȟŔ˖ࡲ
ࡧbǫɽʋʠȍǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥʽơɽȇɭȶʋŔȍƎơɭǫɭʠɢʋʠɭʠnjơȍǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
òȇɭȶʋʠȟƎơɭǫɽǫȥƎơȇɭȶȥǫȇƎɭơȥơŹǫɭŔɢɽơ
ʋʧŹơɭȇʧȍȶ˖ʠŔȇȍŔnjơʋǫɭȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
¡ŔȍŔȇȶɢȍŔȇǫ
ࡧƒȟȟʧȥɽơɢɭơɽơȍơɭƎơnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơFࡲƃȶȍǫʋŔɭŔljǬȥƎŔȥ
ˊŔɢǬȍŔȥnjɭŔȥʧȍȶȟŔʋɃ˖ɭơŔȇɽǫˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲ
ࡧòǫɽʋȶɽȇȶɢǫƎơȟơɽŔȥơƎơɽŔɭǬnjɭŔȥʧȍler njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ࡧòʠŹȟʠȇȶ˖ŔȍǠǫɽʋǫˊȶɽǫʋȍơɭơVan-Henseman
ǠʧƃɭơȍơɭǫƎơȥǫɭࡲ
ࡧƒƃǫȥƎơȇǫáòऋ-ǫɽǫȟȍơɭơžǨƂǝŔȊǨɷcʙʄȜŔȢ
ƂǨɷǨȜȊƟɧǨ Ǝơȥǫɭࡲ
Īơ˖ǫȇȶʠɭơʋơɭŔȍèơljȍʧ
áɭǫȟơɭʽơ˖ǫȇȶʧɭơʋơɭŔȍèơljȍʧòǬȥǬljȍŔȟŔɽǬ
eɭŔƎơzࡪ òŔƎơƃơʧɭơʋơɭƎǫɽʋŔȍǫȥơɭơljȍʧ
eɭŔƎơzzࡪ áơȍʽǫɽɭơȥŔȍǫɽơȇŔƎŔɭʠȍŔʂŔȥŔȟŔ
ƎǫȍŔʋŔɽˊȶȥŔˊȶȍŔƇȟŔˊŔȥɭơljȍʧࡲ
eɭŔƎơzzzࡪ ࠁࡲ7ơɭơƃơɭơljȍʧˊơơȇȶȍŔɭŔȇʧɭơʋơɭƎơ
ƎǫȍŔʋŔɽˊȶȥŔˊȶȍŔƇŔȥɭơljȍʧࡲ
eɭŔƎơzĪࡪ ĔɭơʋơɭƎơȇǬʽɭǬȍȟŔȍŔɭ࡫ʧɭơʋơɭƎơ
ƎǫȍŔʋŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ȇŔȍǫȇɽȍơɭƎơƎǫȍŔʋŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ȟǫȥǫȟŔȍȇŔȍǫȇɽ
deformitesi
eɭŔƎơĪࡪ ĔǐɭơʋơɭƎơȇǬʽɭǬȍȟŔȍŔɭˊȶȍŔƇŔȥŔǐǬɭ
ƎǫȍŔʋŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ȇŔȍǫɽǫơȍƎǫȍŔʋŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ɢŔɢǫȍȍŔ
njɃɭʧȥʧȟȍơɭǫnjɃɭʧȥʧȟȍơɭǫȇŔˊŹȶȍȟʠʂ࡫
ǫȥʋɭŔɢŔɭŔȥȇǫȟŔȍɭơljȍʧࡲ
11
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
èơljȍʧˊʧɃȥȍơˊơȥʧɭơʋơɭǫȥȟơɽŔȥơˊơnjǫɭǫʂǫȥƎơȇǫ
flap - ʽŔȍʽȟơȇŔȥǫ˖ȟŔɽǬƎǬɭʽơɭơljȍʧȟơɽŔȥơ–
ʧɭơʋơɭƎơȇǫŹŔɽǬȥƇƎǫȥŔȟǫȇȍơɭǫȥǫȥŹȶ˖ʠȍȟŔɽǬȥŔ
ŹŔǐȍǬȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
ࡧ1ȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔơȥɽǬȇɭŔɽʋȍŔȥǬȍŔȥʧɭȶȍȶǿǫȇ
anomalidir. ĪʠɭnjơȥơʋǫȇnjơƇǫʂȍǫŹǫɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
ĪʠɭƎʧʂʧȥƎʧɭơƃơȇࠃŹơȍǫɭʋǫ
1. áɭơȥŔʋŔȍƎɃȥơȟƎơĪčèƎʧʂʧȥƎʧɭơƃơȇ
ʠȍʋɭŔɽȶȥȶnjɭŔljǫȇŹʠȍnjʠࢇʠɧƟʄƟɧ࡬ɝƟȊʶǨɷʶƟ˃ŔǨȄǨɷǨȢǨȢ
ŸǨɧƌƟȢƌǨȊŔʄŔɷ˃ȲȢʙࡷʄƟȄʄŔɧŔLJȊǩɧƟȢŔȊŔNJƟȢƟˏǨ˃ŔƌŔ
ȜʙȊʄǨȄǨɷʄǨȄƌǨɷɝȊŔˏǨ࢈ ɽɢʋŔȥȟŔɽǬ࡫
2. Ailede (anne – ŸŔŸŔ࡬ȄŔɧƌƟɻȊƟɧ࢈ ĪčèʋŔȥǬɽǬ࡫
3. DisfonksiˊȶȥơȍȟơɽŔȥơŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬ࡫
ࠃࡲ Ĕɭǫȥơɭòǫɽʋơȟơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠࡲ
VUR Nedenleri
1. ‘ȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍȥơƎơȥȍơɭ
ࡪõɧǨNJȲȢŔȊˏŔ˃ǩLJȊǩȄࢇÚɧǨȜƟɧ࢈࡫DȢ˃Ŕ˃NJǩȢȢƟƌƟȢƌǨɧ
ʶƟȄǩˏƅȲƂʙȄʄŔɷǩȄʄǩɧࡲ
ࡪċɧƟʄƟɧŔȢȲȜŔȊǨȊƟɧǨ࡫ċɧƟʄƟɧŔȊƌʙɝȊǨȄŔɷ˃ȲȢ࡬
üreterosel ve posterior valv, ektopik üretere orifsi.
2. òǫɽʋǫʋơɽơȇȶȥƎơɭ
3. òɢŔɽʋǫȇʋǫɢȥɃɭȶǿơȥǫȇȟơɽŔȥơˊơɽơȇȶȥƎơɭࡲ
ࠃࡲ ƒŔʋɭȶǿơȥࡪáɭȶɽʋŔʋơȇʋȶȟǫ࡫ȇȶȥʋɭŔȇʋơȟơɽŔȥơ࡫
ʧɭȶʋơɭȶɽơȍɭơ˖ơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠ࡫ʧɭơʋơɭȟơȶʋȶʋȶȟǫɽǫࡲ
5. áɭʠȥơ%ơȍȍˊɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ(Eagle-%ŔɧɧƟʄʄɷƟȢƌɧȲȜʙ࢈
ࡪŸƌȲȜǨȢŔȊȄŔɷȊŔɧƌŔˏŔ˃ǩLJȊǩȄ
ࡪ%ǨȊŔʄƟɧŔȊǨȢȜƟȜǨɻʄƟɷʄǨɷȊƟɧ
• Prostatik üretre, mesane ve alt üreterlerin
ƌǨȊŔʄŔɷ˃ȲȢʙ
- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơŔɽơȟʋȶȟŔʋǫȇɽơˊɭơƎơȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇʋŔ
ȇɭȶȥǫȇŹɃŹɭơȇˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫȶȍʠʂʋʠǐʠȥƎŔȥŹʠȥŔŹŔǐȍǬ
ɽơȟʋȶȟɢȍŔɭȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭʽơȇȍǫȥǫǐơǠŔɽʋŔŹʠ
ɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭŔŹŔǐȍǬŹŔʂʽʠɭʠɭࡲ‘%ĵࢫˊơŹŔǐȍǬ
ǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ࡫Ŕ˖ȶʋơȟǫ࡫ɢɭȶʋơǫȥʧɭǫ࡫ǠơȟŔʋʧɭǫ
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- •ŔŹȶɭŔʋʠŔɭǬȥƎŔ%č¥ʽơȇɭơŔʋǫȥŔɭʋȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ
- %ɃŹɭơȇǠŔɽŔɭǬȥǬƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭȟơȇǫƇǫȥɽǫȥʋǫnjɭŔljǫ
ơȥʠˊnjʠȥˊɃȥʋơȟƎǫɭࡲࢎ7¡ò࡫7þá࡫¡eࠂ࢏
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

• Hiperkalsemi
• Hiperürisemi
ࡧòǫɽʋǫȥʧɭǫ
ࡧʂǬɭǬɢʧɭǫȥȍǫƎǫˊơʋ
ࡧáɭǫȟơɭǠǫɢơɭȶȇɽŔȍʧɭǫ

‘ȍǫȥǫǐơǫɽơʂʠʂǫȇŔˊơʋȍơɭƎơŹŔʂʽʠɭʠɭȍŔɭࡪ
• Renal kolik
• Hematüri
ࡧáȶȍȍŔȇʧɭǫʽơˊŔƎǫ˖ʧɭǫ
ࡧ%ʠȍŔȥʋǬ࡫ȇʠɽȟŔ
ࡧŹƎȶȟǫȥŔȍŔǐɭǬ࡫ɭơȇʋŔȍŔǐɭǬʽơtenezm

ĪčèࢫƎŔ-ơɭɭŔǠǫFȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ ࠁࡲòȶɭʠ
ࡧþơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊŔȥ ŔȇʠʋɢˊơȍȶȥơljɭǫʋŔʋŔȇȍŔɭǬȟơʽƃʠʋǫɽơ࡫ ʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫȇȶȍǫȇŔǐɭǬǫƇǫȥʋǫɢǫȇ
ࡧĔɭơʋơɭƎʠɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠʽŔɭɽŔ࡫ ƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭࡳࢎ%ŔʂŔɽǫɽʋŔȥȍǬȇ࢏
• EkʋȶɢǫȇʧɭơʋơɭȶɭǫljǫɽǫʽŔɭɽŔ࡫
ࡧeȶȍljƇʠȇʠɭʠʧɭơʋơɭȶljǫljǫɽǫʽŔɭɽŔ࡫ ࢏%ʠȍŔȥʋǬ– ‘ʠɽȟŔ
ࡧqǫƎɭȶȥơljɭȶ˖ʽŔɭɽŔ࡫ %࢏ʋơʂ
ࡧĔɭơʋơɭȶɽơȍʽŔɭɽŔࡲ -࢏qơȟŔʋʧɭǫ
7࢏%ŔʋǬȥƎŔƎǫɽʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ
- ĪčèࢫƎŔȇơɽǫȥʋŔȥǬʽơơʽɭơȍơȟơʽȶǫƎǫȥnjࢇǨɻƟȜƟ࢈ F࢏‘ǬʽɭŔȥƎǬɭǬƃǬŔǐɭǬ
ɽǫɽʋȶʧɭơʋɭȶnjɭŔljǫɽǫˊȍơࢎ¡òče࢏ ȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
þơƎŔʽǫࡪȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇɢɭȶljǫȍŔȇɽǫɽǫʽơƃơɭɭŔǠǫƎǫɭࡲ ¶á‘ òF¡ƒ¶á‘ •ĔòF¥þ
Ürat
‘ŔȍɽǫˊʠȟȶȇɽŔȍŔʋ
òǫɽʋǫȥ Ksantin
ࢇƟȢɷǩȄ࢈
¶ɭȶʋǫȇŔɽǫʋ
ĔɭǫȥơɭòǫɽʋơȟþŔʂqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
‘ŔȍɽǫˊʠȟljȶɽljŔʋ(en
radyoopak)
¡Ŕnjȥơ˖ˊʠȟ
ŔȟȶȥˊʠȟljȶɽljŔʋ
ࢇɷʄŔNJǝȲɧȢ࡬ɷʄɧʠʶǨʄ࢈

ࡧþʧȟʧɭǫȥơɭɽǫɽʋơȟǫʋŔʂȍŔɭǬǫƇơɭǫɽǫȥƎơˊŔȇȍŔʂǬȇ
हࠇ߿- हࠇࠄȶɭŔȥȍŔȇŔȍɽǫˊʠȟʋŔʂȍŔɭǬơȥljŔ˖ȍŔƎǬɭࡲ
þŔȥǬࡪˊŔȇʋŔƎǫɭơȇŹŔʋǬȥnjɭŔljǫɽǫǫȍȇˊŔɢǬȍȟŔɽǬ
njơɭơȇơȥơȥŹŔɽǫʋnjɃɭʧȥʋʧȍơȟơˊɃȥʋơȟǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧzĪá– čòeȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬnjɃɽʋơɭȟơƎơ
ƎơǐơɭȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ơɽǫȥʋŔȥǬ%þǫȍơȇȶȥʠɭࡲ

èǫɽȇbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫ

ࡧƒƎǫˊȶɢŔʋǫȇǠǫɢơɭȇŔȍɽǫʧɭǫ
ࡧ7ǫɽʋŔȍɭơȥŔȍʋʠŹʠȍơɭŔɽǫƎȶ˖
• Hiperparatiroidzm
ࡧʂǬɭǬȶȇɽŔȍŔʋƎǫˊơʋǫ
ࡧĪǫʋŔȟǫȥ-ŔȍǬʂȇŔȥȍǬǐǬ
ࡧ¡ơƎʠȍȍŔɭɽʧȥnjơɭŹɃŹɭơȇ
• EʋǫȍơȥnjȍǫȇȶȍǫȥʋȶȇɽǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠ

12

Fòĭ•ࢫȥǫȥʠˊnjʠȥȶȍȟŔƎǬǐǬƎʠɭʠȟȍŔɭ
ࡧࠁƃȟʧ˖ơɭǫɢơȍʽǫȇʋŔʂʋŔ
ࡧ¥ȶȥȶɢŔȇʋŔʂȍŔɭƎŔ
ࡧ¡ʠȍʋǫɢȍʋŔʂʽŔɭȍǬǐǬȥƎŔ
ࡧࠀࡲࠄƃȟʧ˖ơɭǫɽǫɽʋǫȥʋŔʂȍŔɭǬȥƎŔ
ࡧFòĭ•ࢫƎơȇǬɭǬȍŔȥʋŔʂȍŔɭƎŔơȥƇȶȇʧɭơʋơɭŔȍʋ
ʠƃʠȥƎŔŹǫɭȍơʂǫɭࡲ
ࡧࠁƃȟࢫƎơȥŹʧˊʧȇŔȍʋȇŔȍǫȇɽʋŔʂȍŔɭǬǫƇǫȥơȥʠˊnjʠȥ
ʋơƎŔʽǫáơɭȇʧʋŔȥ¥ơljɭȶȍǫʋȶʋȶȟǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ%ʠˊɃȥʋơȟȍơɭƎǬʂǬȥƎŔʧɭơʋơɭȶɽȇȶɢǫȇʋŔʂ
ơȇɽʋɭŔɽǫˊȶȥʠ࡫ŔƇǬȇʋŔʂƃơɭɭŔǠǫɽǫ࡫ɢǫˊơȍȶȍǫʋȶʋȶȟǫ࡫
ŔȥŔʋɭȶljǫȇȥơljɭȶȍǫʋȶʋȶȟǫʽơʧɭơʋơɭȶȍǫʋȶʋȶȟǫƎǫǐơɭ
ʋơƎŔʽǫɽơƇơȥơȇȍơɭǫŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔŹʠȍʠȥȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧFòĭ•ࢫȥǫȥȇơɽǫȥȇȶȥʋɭơƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬnjơŹơȍǫȇ࡫
ȇȶŔnjʠȍȶɢŔʋǫȍơɭ࡫ɭơȍŔʋǫljȇȶȥʋɭơƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ‘-
ljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ࡫ǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ࡫ŔȥʋŔnjɭơnjŔȥ
ǫȍŔƇȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࠁࡲþĔ¡Äè•Fè
%ơȥǫnjȥþʧȟɃɭȍơɭ
• Renal adenom ࢎFȥɽǬȇŹơȥǫnjȥŹɃŹɭơȇȍơ˖ˊȶȥʠ࢏
• Renal onkositom
ࡧ¡ơƎʠȍȍơɭljǫŹɭȶȟࢎ¶ʋȶɢɽǫƎơơȥɽǬȇ࢏
- ȥǿǫˊȶȟˊȶȍǫɢȶȟࡪȥǿǫȶȟˊȶȍǫɢȶȟƎơǐǫʂơȥ
ȶɭŔȥȍŔɭƎŔƎʧ˖ȇŔɽ࡫ƎǫɽɢȍŔɽʋǫȇȇŔȥƎŔȟŔɭȍŔɭǬʽơˊŔǐ
ƎȶȇʠɽʠȥƎŔȶȍʠʂŔȥɢơɭǫʽŔɽȇʠȍơɭơɢǫʋeloid hücre
ʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭǫnjɭʠŹʠȥƎŔȥ en ɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥŹơȥǫnjȥ
ȟơ˖ơȥȇǫȟŔȍŹɃŹɭơȇʋʧȟɃɭʧƎʧɭࡲ
ࡧþʠŹơɭȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖ȍŔǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫ
13
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơŹɃŹɭơȇȇȶɭʋơȇɽǫȥƎơˊơɭȍơʂơȥɽŔɭǬ
ɭơȥȇȍǫʽơȥȶƎʠȍơɭnjɃɭʧȥʧȟʧȥȟơƎơȥǫˊȍơ
makroskopik olarak berrak hücreli renal hücreli
ȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟȍŔȇŔɭǬʂǬɭࡲ
%ɃŹɭơȇʋơþƒáࠁb‘ǫɽʋ
ࡧऑࠁȟȟơȥȇŔȍǬȥ ɽơɢʋŔȍǬ
ࡧࠂƃȟࢫƎơȥŹʧˊʧȇ
ࡧ‘ŔȍǬȥȥȶƎʧȍơɭȇŔȍɽǫljǫȇŔɽˊȶȥ
èơȥŔȍqʧƃɭơȍǫ‘ŔɭɽǫȥȶȟࢎqǫɢơɭȥơljɭȶȟŔ࢏
• Renal hücreli karsinom böbrek proksimal
ơɢǫʋơȍˊŔȍʋʠŹʠȍơɭǠʧƃɭơȍơɭƎơȥȇŔˊȥŔȇȍŔȥŔȥŹǫɭ
ŔƎơȥȶȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟƎʠɭࡲĪŔȇŔȍŔɭǬȥƇȶǐʠɽɢȶɭŔȇƎǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
ĵŔʂŔȟǬȥࠄࡲʽơࠆࡲƎơȇŔȥʋȍŔɭǬȥƎŔƎŔǠŔljŔ˖ȍŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
FɭȇơȇȇŔƎǬȥnjɃɭʧȍȟơȶɭŔȥǬࠁࡸࠀࢫƎǫɭʽơʋʧȟŹɃŹɭơȇ
ʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭǫȥǫȥˊŔȇȍŔʂǬȇहࠇ߿-ࠈ߿ࢫǬȥǬȶȍʠʂʋʠɭȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲ
êǨNJŔɧŔǨƅȜƟȄɧƟȢŔȊŔƌƟȢȲȄŔɧɷǨȢȲȜȲȊʙɻʙȜʙȢƌŔƟȢ
ȾȢƟȜȊǨɧǨɷȄLJŔȄʄȾɧʠȲȊŔɧŔȄȄŔŸʙȊƟƌǨȊȜƟȄʄƟƌǨɧࡲ
ǫȍơʽǫɭơȥŔȍǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟljȶɭȟȍŔɭǬ
ࠀࡲ¶7èơȥŔȍǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟ
ࠁࡲĪŔȥqǫɢɢơȍ•ǫȥƎŔʠɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠȥƎŔ
ࠂࡲqơɭơƎǫʋȍơɭáŔɢǫȍȍơɭ-Ŕࢎ¡Fþáɭȶʋȶȶȥȇȶnjơȥǫ࢏
ࠃࡲ%ǫɭʋ-qȶnjnj-7ʠŹơɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

%ocêƟȢƌɧȲȜʙ-`ǨŸɧȲLJȲȊȊǨȄʙȊȲȜŔ èȶŹɽȶȥFʽɭơȍơȟơɽǫ

Fʽɭơȍơȟơ
Fʽɭơࠀࡪ %ɃŹɭơȇɢŔɭŔȥȇǫȟǫǫƇǫȥƎơɽǬȥǬɭȍǬ
Fʽɭơࠁࡪ eơɭȶʋŔljŔɽˊŔɽǬǫƇǫȥƎơɽǬȥǬɭȍǬࢇŸȾŸɧƟȄʠɷʄʠ
ŸƟˏǨƌŔǝǨȊ࢈
FʽɭơࠂŔࡪ èơȥŔȍʽơȥ࡫ʽࡲƃŔȥŔǫȥljࡲʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠ
FʽɭơࠂŹࡪ %ɃȍnjơɽơȍȍơȥljȥȶƎʠʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠࡪ
Fʽɭơࠂƃࡪ qơȟʽŔɽȇʧȍơɭǠơȟȍơȥljŔʋǫȇʋʠʋʠȍʠȟ
FʽɭơࠃŔࡪ òʧɭɭơȥŔȍȍơɭƎǬʂǬȥƎŔȇȶȟʂʠȶɭnjŔȥ
ʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠࢇɝŔȢȄɧƟŔɷ࡬ȄȲȊȲȢNJǨŸǨ࢈
FʽɭơࠃŹࡪ Uzak metastaz

Fɭǫʋɭȶɽǫʋȶ˖ˊŔɢŔȥʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭ
ࡧòơɭơŹơȍȍŔɭǠơȟŔȥǿǫȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ
ࡧè--
• q--
ࡧĭǫȍȟɽʋȟ
• Feokromositoma

I áɭǫȟơɭʋʧȟɃɭ
áɭǫȟơɭʋʧȟɃɭɽŔɢʋŔȟŔȇǫƇǫȥʽơɭǫȍơɭˊơʋơɭȍǫ
Ix
ƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭࡲ
þ߿ áɭǫȟơɭʋʧȟɃɭơŔǫʋȇŔȥǬʋˊȶȇࡲ
þʧȟɃɭơȥŹʧˊʧȇŹȶˊʠʋʠऔ ࠆƃȟ࡫ŹɃŹɭơȇǫƇǫȥƎơ
þࠀ
ɽǬȥǬɭȍǬࡲ
þࠀŔ þʧȟɃɭŹʧˊʧȇƇŔɢǬऔ 4 cm
þࠀŹ þʧȟɃɭŹʧˊʧȇƇŔɢǬओ 4cm ama औ 7 cm
þʧȟɃɭơȥŹʧˊʧȇŹȶˊʠʋʠओ 7 cm ama böbrek
þࠁ
ǫƇǫȥƎơɽǬȥǬɭȍǬ
þࠁŔ þʧȟɃɭŹȶˊʠʋʠࠆ-ࠀ߿ƃȟ࡫ŹɃŹɭơȇǫƇǫȥƎơɽǬȥǬɭȍǬ
þࠁŹ þʧȟɃɭŹȶˊʠʋʠओࠀ߿ƃȟ࡫ŹɃŹɭơȇǫƇǫȥƎơɽǬȥǬɭȍǬ - FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥʋǫɢŹơɭɭŔȇǠʧƃɭơȍǫʋǫɢʋǫɭࡲ
þʧȟɃɭȟŔǿɃɭʽơȥȍơɭơˊŔˊǬȍȟǬʂʽơˊŔɢơɭǫȥơljɭǫȇ - eɭŔȥʠȍơɭƃơȍȍʽơɢŔɢǫȍȍơɭƃơȍȍʋʧȟʋǫɢȍơɭǫƇǫȥƎơơȥ
ƎȶȇʠȍŔɭǬʋʠʋȟʠʂŔȥƃŔȇǫɢɽǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍɽʧɭɭơȥŔȍ ǫˊǫɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ȍʠʋǫɢȍơɭƎǫɭࡲ
þࠂ
bezi ʋʠʋȟŔȟǬʂʋǬɭʽơnjerota fasˊŔɽǬȥǬ - òŔɭȇȶȟŔʋȶǫƎʋǫɢơȥȇɃʋʧɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ȍʠȶȍŔȥƎǬɭࡲ
ŔʂȟŔȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ - è--ơȥɽǬȇʠ˖ŔȇȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ǬȥǬŔȇƃǫǐơɭơˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
þʧȟɃɭɢơɭǫȟơljɭǫȇƎȶȇʠȍŔɭǬ࡫ɭơȥŔȍɽǫȥʧɽʽơˊŔ
þࠂŔ
ɭơȥŔȍʽơȥǫʋʠʋȟʠʂ
þʧȟɃɭĪ࡫‘ŔʽŔࢫˊǬƎǫˊŔljɭŔȟŔʧɽʋʧȥƎơnjɭȶɽ è--áŔɭŔȥơȶɢȍŔɽʋǫȇòơȥƎɭȶȟȍŔɭǬ
þࠂŹ
ȶȍŔɭŔȇʋʠʋȟʠʂʋʠɭࡲ
• EPO ɽŔȍnjǬȍŔˊŔɭŔȇɢȶȍǫɽǫʋơȟǫࢇƟȢɷǩȄɝȲȊǨɷǨʄƟȜǨ
þʧȟɃɭĪ࡫‘ŔʽŔࢫˊǬƎǫˊŔljɭŔȟŔʧɽʋʧȥƎơnjɭȶɽ ˃ŔɝŔȢʄȜ࢈
þࠂƃ
ȶȍŔɭŔȇʋʠʋȟʠʂʋʠɭࡲ
• Renin ɽŔȍnjǬȍŔˊŔɭŔȇǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊon
þʧȟɃɭnjơɭȶʋŔljŔ˖ˊŔɽǬȥǬŔʂȟǬʂʋǬɭʽơˊŔƎǫɭơȇʋ • áŔɭŔʋǠȶɭȟȶȥ Źơȥ˖ơɭǫȟŔƎƎơɽʠŹɽʋŔȥɽ
þࠃ
ŔƎɭơȥŔȍŹơ˖ǫƇǫȥƎơǫȥʽŔ˖ˊȶȥˊŔɢȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ
ɽŔȍnjǬȍŔˊŔɭŔȇǠǫɢơɭɢŔɭŔʋǫɭȶǫƎǫࢎƟȢɷǩȄ࢈
N %Ƀȍnjơɽơȍ•ơȥlj¥ȶƎȍŔɭǬ • Non metastatik hepatik disfonksiyon (Stauffer
%Ƀȍnjơɽơȍ•ơȥlj¥ȶƎȍŔɭǬȥǬɽŔɢʋŔȟŔȇǫƇǫȥʽơɭǫȍơɭ ɷƟȢƌɧȲȜʙ࢈
Nx
ˊơʋơɭȍǫƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭࡲ
¥߿ %Ƀȍnjơɽơȍ•ơȥlj¥ȶƎȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȟơʋŔɽʋŔɽˊȶȇࡲ
þơȇʽơˊŔŹǫɭƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔȍơȥljȥȶƎʠˊȍŔȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖
N1 ĭǫȍȟɽþʧȟɃɭʧ
ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
M Uzak metastaz 1ȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔơȥɽǬȇɭŔɽʋȍŔȥǬȍŔȥɢɭǫȟơɭơȟŹɭǫˊȶȥǫȇ
¡߿ č˖ŔȇȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ˊȶȇࡲ ɭơȥŔȍȟŔȍǫnjȥʋʧȟɃɭƎʧɭࡲþʧȟɃɭȟơʋŔȥơljɭǫȇ
M1 č˖ŔȇȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ʽŔɭࡲ blastemden ȇŔˊȥŔȇȍŔȥǬɭࡲ

14

ĭǫȍȟɽþʧȟɃɭʧˊȍơ%ǫɭȍǫȇʋơèŔɽʋȍŔȥŔȥȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ
ࡧeơȥǫʋȶʧɭǫȥơɭŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭࢎơȥɽǬȇ࢏ࢎqǫɢȶɽɢŔƎǫŔɽ࡫ʋ
ȥŔȍǬŹɃŹɭơȇ࢏
• Hemihipertrofi
ࡧòɢȶɭŔƎǫȇŔȥǫɭǫƎǫ
ࡧȥǫɭǫƎǫʽơĭǫȍȟɽʋʧȟɃɭʧŔȍŔȥȍŔɭƎŔȇɭȶȟȶ˖ȶȟ
ࠀࠀࢫƎơƎơȍơɽˊȶȥʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
%ŔʋǬȥȶɭʋŔǠŔʋʋǬnjơƇȟơ˖ŔȥƃŔȇơʽɭơࠂࢫƎơȥɽȶȥɭŔ
ȶɭʋŔǠŔʋʋǬnjơƇơŹǫȍǫɭ࡮
þŔȥǬnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơɭʠʋǫȥljǫ˖ǫȇȟʠŔˊơȥơơɽȥŔɽǬȥƎŔ
ȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
ĭǫȍȟɽʋʧȟɃɭʧɽɢȶʋɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭ
ࡧþɭǫljŔ˖ǫȇʋʧȟɃɭƂ ĭǫȍȟɽʋʧȟɃɭʧ
ࡧĭǫȍȟɽȇǫʋȍơɽǫȥǫȥɃ˖ơȍȍǫǐǫƂ ȶɭʋŔǠŔʋʋǬnjơƇȟơˊơȥ
ˊʧ˖ơˊǫƎʧ˖njʧȥȇǫʋȍơ
ࡧĭǫȍȟʋȟơȥɽǬȇʠ˖ŔȇȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ǬƂ ȇƃǫǐơɭ
ࡧĭǫȍȟɽʋʧȟɃɭʧȥʧȥơȥȇɃʋʧɢɭȶnjȥȶɽʋȶȇljŔȇʋɃɭʧƂ
Anaplazi
ĭǫȍȟɽʋʧȟɃɭʧȥơơʂȍǫȇơƎơȥɽơȥƎɭȶȟȍŔɭ
ࡧĭeèࢎĭǫȍȟɽʋȟ࡫ŔȥǫɭǫƎǫ࡫njơȥǫʋŔȍŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ࡫
ȟơȥʋŔȍɭơʋŔɭƎŔɽˊȶȥ࢏
• Beckwith-ĭǫơƎơȟŔȥȥɽơȥƎȶɭȟʠࢎ¶ɭnjŔȥȍŔɭƎŔ
Źʧˊʧȟơ࡫ǠơȟǫǠǫɢơɭʋɭȶljǫ࡫ɭơȥŔȍȟơƎʠȍȍơɭ ȇǫɽʋ࡫
ɽǫʋȶȟơnjŔȍǫ࢏
• Denys-7ɭŔɽǠɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠࢎeȶȥŔƎŔȍƎǫɽnjơȥơ˖ǫ࡫
ɭơȥŔȍˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫȇ࡫ĭǫȍȟɽʋȟnjơȍǫʂǫȟǫǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲĭþ-ࠀ
njơȥǫȥƎơȟʠʋŔɽˊȶȥʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ࢏
• Nefroblastomatozis
ࡧĭǫȍȟɽʋʧȟɃɭʧè--njǫŹǫFá¶ɽŔȍnjǬȍŔˊŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲˊɭǬƃŔ
ɢŔɭŔʋǠȶɭȟȶȥŹơȥ˖ơɭǫȟŔƎƎơɽŔȍnjǬȍŔˊŔɭŔȇ
hiperkalɽơȟǫˊŔɢŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
15
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
¡Fò¥F‘¥òFèƒ
ࡧ¡ơɽŔȥơȇŔȥɽơɭȍơɭǫǫȇǫȥƃǫơȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥ
njơȥǫʋȶʧɭǫȥơɭɽǫɽʋơȟȇŔȥɽơɭǫƎǫɭࡲeơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơˊŔʂȍǬ
ơɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơࢎࠈȇŔʋljŔ˖ȍŔ࢏njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ¶ɭʋŔȍŔȟŔnjɃɭʧȍȟơ
ˊŔʂǬࠆ߿ࢫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧहࠈ߿ࢫǬʋɭŔȥɽǫ˖ˊȶȥơȍǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟƎʠɭࡲࢎहࠄ-7
ɽɩʠŔȟȶ˖ǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟ࢏eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơơȇ˖ȶljǫʋǫȇ࡫
ɢŔɢǫȍȍơɭʠ˖ŔȥǬȟnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭȍơɭࡲ
ࡧǐɭǬɽǬ˖ʋȶʋŔȍnjɭȶɽɽɢǬǠʋǬȍǬǠơȟŔʋʧɭǫơɽŔɽ
ŹʠȍnjʠɽʠƎʠɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇʋɭǫnjȶȥʽơʧɭơʋơɭȶɭǫljǫɽǫƇơʽɭơɽǫȥƎơˊơɭȍơʂǫɭࡲ
¡ơɽŔȥơȇŔȥɽơɭǫȥǫȥŹǫȍǫȥơȥɭǫɽȇljŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫࡷ
ࡧòǫnjŔɭŔ
ࡧĵŔɢŔˊþŔʋȍŔȥƎǬɭǬƃǬȍŔɭࢎɽɢŔɭʋŔȟ࢏
ࡧ¡ơɽȍơȇǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶǿơȥȍơɭࢎ%ơȥ˖ǫƎǫȥ-beta naftilamin
ǫƇơɭơȥŔȥǫȍǫȥŹȶˊŔȍŔɭǬ࢏
ࡧ÷ǫɽʋȶ˖ȶȟǫŔ˖ǫɽࢎòȇʠŔȟɃ˖ǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔȥɽơɭɭǫɽȇ
faktörü – òࡲqŔơȟŔʋȶŹǫʠȟ࢏
• Kronik sistit
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫŔȟŔƇȍǬɽǫȇȍȶljȶɽljŔȟǫƎȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬ
ࡧáơȍʽǫȇɭŔƎˊȶʋơɭŔɢǫ
žƟɷŔȢƟȄŔȢɷƟɧǨȄƟɷǨȢʄŔȢǩɷǩɷistoskopik
ƌƟǍƟɧȊƟȢƌǨɧȜƟʶƟŸǨ˃ȲɝɷǨǨȊƟȄȲȢʙɧࡲ
þƒò
ࡧ‘ȶȟɢȍơþɭŔȥɽʠɭơʋɭŔȍɭơ˖ơȇɽǫˊȶȥࢎþčè࢏ŔɭƎǬȥƎŔȥ
ǫȥʋɭŔʽơ˖ǫȇŔȍ%-eࢎ%Ŕƃǫȍȍʠɽ--Ŕȍȟơʋʋơ-eʠơɭǫȥ࢏
þࠀ
ࡧ‘ȶȟɢȍơþčèŔɭƎǬȥƎŔȥǫȥʋɭŔʽơ˖ǫȇŔȍȇơȟȶʋơɭŔɢǫˊŔ
ƎŔǫȟȟʠȥȶʋơɭŔɢǫ
þࠁ-ࠃ
ࡧèŔƎǫȇŔȍɽǫɽʋơȇʋȶȟǫ࡫ȥơȶŔƎǿʠʽŔȥȇơȟȶterapi
ŔɭƎǬȥƎŔȥɭŔƎǫȇŔȍɽǫɽʋơȇʋȶȟǫ
ࡧèŔƎǫȇŔȍɽǫɽʋơȇʋȶȟǫŔɭƎǬȥƎŔȥŔƎǿʠʽŔȥȇơȟȶʋơɭŔɢǫ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

¡ơɽŔȥơ‘ŔȥɽơɭǫȥƎơ‘ʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔȥƒȥʋɭŔʽơ˖ǫȇŔȍ %ʠȍnjʠȍŔɭࡷ èơȇʋŔȍʋʠʂơƎơŔɽǫȟơʋɭǫʽơʋŔʂɽơɭʋȍǫǐǫ࡫

‘ơȟȶʋơɭŔɢɃʋǫȇƒȍŔƇȍŔɭ ǫȟȟȶŹǫȍƎǫɭࡲ
áòࡪáɭȶɽʋŔʋŔɽǫȥǫơɢǫʋơȍǫȥƎơȥɽŔȍnjǬȍŔȥǬɭ࡫ˊʧȇɽơȇȍǫǐǫ
ࡧþǠǫȶʋơɢŔ prostata spesifiktir ancak prostat kanserine
• Adriamycin ɽɢơɽǫljǫȇƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭࡲáòࢫȥǬȥɢɭȶʋơŔ˖Ƀ˖ơȍȍǫǐǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧFɢǫɭʠŹǫƃǫȥ áɭȶɽʋŔʋȇŔȥɽơɭȍǫǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥहࠁࠄࢫǫȥƎơȥȶɭȟŔȍƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ǫʋȶȟˊƃǫȥ ࡧáòࠃȟnjࡸƎȍࢫƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔǫʂơʂʧɢǠơȍơȥǫɭʽơŹǫˊȶɢɽǫ
njơɭơȇǫɭࡲ
ࡧáòˊʧȇɽơȇȍǫǐǫɢɭȶɽʋŔʋȇŔȥɽơɭǫȟơʋŔʋŔ˖ǬȥƎŔʽơ
ʋŔȇǫŹǫȥƎơȟʧǠǫȟƎǫɭ࡮

áè¶òþþ‘¥òFèƒ
ࡧòơɭŹơɽʋáòࢫȥǬȥʋȶʋŔȍáòࢫˊŔˊʧ˖ƎơɽǫȟŔȍǫnjȥʽơ
ŹơȥǫnjȥȶȍŔˊȍŔɭǬŔˊǬɭȟŔƎŔƎŔǠŔɃȥơȟȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧááʋʧȟɃɭǠʧƃɭơȍơɭǫȇŔɢɽʧȍʧnjơƇǫȥƃơˊʧȇɽơȍǫɭࡲ
•áȇơȟǫȇȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ǬʽŔɭɽŔˊʧȇɽơȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧþèčòࢎþɭŔȥɽɭơȇʋŔȍčòe࢏ǫȍơƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭȟơʽơ
ŹǫˊȶɢɽǫȇơɽǫȥʋŔȥǬȇȶˊƎʠɭʠɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭȟơɽǫǫƇǫȥʋȶʋŔȍȇơȟǫȇ
ɽǫȥʋǫnjɭŔljǫɽ࡫ȍơȥljȥȶƎʠȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ȍŔɭǬǫƇǫȥŔŹƎȶȟǫȥŔȍ
%þˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ

eȍơŔɽȶȥFʽɭơȍơȟơòǫɽʋơȟǫ
- ¡ǫȇɭȶɽȇȶɢŔȍʋǬȥƎŔnjȍŔȥƎʠȍơɭˊŔɢǬȥǬȥ
ƎǫljơɭŔȥɽǫˊȶȥʠȥŔnjɃɭơˊŔɢǬȍŔȥŹǫɭɽǫɽʋơȟƎǫɭࡲ
áɭȶɽʋŔʋŁŔȥȍŔɭǬ - eȍơŔɽȶȥơʽɭơȍơȥƎǫɭȟơɽǫɽʋơȟǫȥǫȥˊŔȥǬȥƎŔŔˊɭǬƃŔ
ࡧáơɭǫljơɭǫȇ˖ŔȥࡪáɭȶɽʋŔʋȇŔȥɽơɭǫȥǫȥहࠅ߿-ࠆ߿ࢫǫ ɢɭȶɽʋŔʋȇŔȥɽơɭǫȥƎơþ¥¡ơʽɭơȍơȥƎǫɭȟơɽǫɽʋơȟǫƎơ
ŹʠɭŔƎŔȥnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧòŔȥʋɭŔȍ˖ŔȥࡪáɭȶɽʋŔʋȇŔȥɽơɭǫȥǫȥnjơɭǫȇŔȍŔȥǬȥǬȥ
ŹʧˊʧȇŹɃȍʧȟʧŹʠ˖ŔȥƎŔȥnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
ࡧþɭŔȥɽǫ˖ˊȶȥơȍ˖Ŕȥࡪ%áqnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
ࡧहࠈࠄࢫʋơȥljŔ˖ȍŔɽǬŔɽǫȥơɭʋǫɢʋơŔƎơȥȶȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟƎʠɭࡲ
ࡧࠅ߿ˊŔʂʧɽʋʧơɭȇơȇȍơɭǫȥơȥɽǬȇȇŔȥɽơɭǫƎǫɭࡲ

qǫɢȶȇŔȍɽơȟǫ– áɭȶɽʋŔʋ-
qǫɢơɭȇŔȍɽơȟǫ– ¡ơȟơ-

FʋˊȶȍȶǿǫࡪÚɧǨȜƟɧɷȲɧʙȜȊʙŔȢƌɧȲǼƟȢƌǨɧࡲ
ࡧǫȍơɽơȍˊŔʋȇǬȥȍǬȇ
ࡧ‘ʠɭʂʠȥ࡫ȇŔƎȟǫˊʠȟ࡫ʋȶɭȶʋɭŔɽʋ
ࡧáɭȶɽʋŔʋʋŔʂǬʽơơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ

qŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬʂʠʂơȇǫȍƎơ
ɽǬȥǬljȍŔȥƎǬɭǬȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡷ
¶ŹɽʋɭʠȇɽǫˊȶȥɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬࡪ ƒƎɭŔɭŔȇǬȟǠǬ˖ǬȥƎŔ ĵŔˊǬȍǬȟ
Ŕ˖ŔȍȟŔ࡫ȇơɽǫȇȇơɽǫȇǫƎɭŔɭˊŔɢȟŔ - áɭȶɽʋŔʋȇŔȥɽơɭǫơȥɽǬȇȍơȥljȶǿơȥˊȶȍȍŔ
áɭȶɽʋŔʋǫ˖ȟɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬࡪ ¥ȶȇʋʠɭǫ࡫ɢȶȍȍŔȇʠɭǫ ˊŔˊǬȍȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲ
èơ˖ǫƎʠǫƎɭŔɭɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬࡪ qơȟŔʋʠɭǫ࡫áˊʠɭǫ࡫eȍȶŹ - •ơȥljȶǿơȥࢎƒȍȇȶŹʋʠɭŔʋȶɭȍơȥljȥȶƎȍŔɭǬȥŔˊŔˊǬȍǬȟ–
ʽơ˖ǫȇŔȍơʽơˊŔĪčèࢫŔŹŔǐȍǬŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍ ơȥɽǬȇ࢏
ǠǫƎɭȶʠɭơʋơɭȶȥơljɭȶ˖ - qơȟŔʋȶǿơȥࢎ•ȶȟŹơɭʽơɭʋơŹɭŔ– ơȥɽǬȇ࢏ɢơȍʽǫɽ࡫
• Anemi ɽʋơɭȥʠȟ࡫ȇɭŔȥǫʠȟŔƎǬɭࡲहࠇ߿ȶɽʋơŔŹȍŔɽʋǫȇ࡫हࠁ߿
• Hemospermi ȶɽʋơȶȇȍŔɽʋǫȇȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
- 7ǫɭơȇʋǫȥʽŔ˖ˊȶȥɭơȇʋʠȟŔहࠇ

16

ࡧáɭȶɽʋŔʋȇŔȥɽơɭǫȥǫȥʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơɭŔƎǫȇŔȍ
ɢɭȶɽʋŔʋơȇʋȶȟǫ࡫ɭŔƎˊȶʋơɭŔɢǫ࡫ȇɭǫˊȶƃơɭrahi
ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ơʋŔɽʋŔʋǫȇɢɭȶɽʋŔʋȇŔȥɽơɭǫȥƎơȶɭʂǫơȇʋȶȟǫʽơ
ǠȶɭȟȶȥȶʋơɭŔɢǫˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
qȶɭȟȶȥȶʋơɭŔɢǫ
- ȥƎɭȶǿơȥɭơɽơɢʋɃɭŹȍȶȇɃɭʧbȍʠʋŔȟǫƎǫȍơˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
- bǫȥŔɽʋơɭǫƎࢎࠄŔȍljŔɭơƎʠȇʋŔ˖ǫȥȟǠǫŹǫʋɃɭʧ࢏
- eȥèqŔnjȶȥǫɽʋȍơɭǫljȶɭȟŔȇȶȍȶǿǫȇȇŔɽʋɭŔɽˊȶȥˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
%ơȥǫnjȥáɭȶɽʋŔʋqǫɢơɭɢȍŔ˖ǫ
- %ơȥǫnjȥɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǠǫɢơɭɢȍŔ˖ǫˊŔʂŔʽơŔȥƎɭȶǿơȥ
ɽŔȍǬȥǬȟŔŹŔǐȍǬnjȍŔȥƎʠȍơɭʽơljǫŹɭȶȟʠɽȇʠȍơɭ
ȇȶȟɢȶȥơȥʋȍơɭǫȥǠǫɢơɭɢȍŔ˖ǫƎǫɭࡲ
- %ơȥǫnjȥɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǠǫɢơɭɢȍŔ˖ǫʋɭŔȥɽǫ˖ˊȶȥơȍ˖ȶȥƎŔȥ
njơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
- ¡ơɽŔȥơƎơȶŹɽʋɭʧȇɽǫˊȶȥŔŹŔǐȍǬȶȍŔɭŔȇȟơɽŔȥơ
ƎʠʽŔɭǬȥƎŔơɢǫʋơȍˊŔȍǠǫɢơɭɢȍŔ˖ǫ࡫ǫȍơɭȍơƎǫȇƇơ
ʋɭŔŹơȇʧȍŔɽˊȶȥʽơɽȶȥơʽɭơƎơƎǫʽơɭʋǫȇʧȍȶȍʠʂʠȟʠ
ȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ
- %ơȥǫnjȥáɭȶɽʋŔʋǠǫɢơɭɢȍŔ˖ǫɽǫȥƎơǫɭɭǫʋŔɽˊȶȥŔŹŔǐȍǬ
olarak ȥȶȇʋʧɭǫʽơɢȶȍȍŔȇʧɭǫnjɃɭʧȍȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ
- %ʧˊʧȟʧʂɢɭȶɽʋŔʋŹơ˖ǫȥǫȥˊŔɭŔʋʋǬǐǬȶŹɽʋʠɭȇɽǫˊȶȥŔ
ŹŔǐȍǬȶȍŔɭŔȇ ǫƎɭŔɭȇŔȍǫŹɭơɽǫȥƎơʽơ
ɢɭȶǿơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠȥƎŔŔ˖ŔȍȟŔ࡫ǫƎɭŔɭŔŹŔʂȍŔȟƎŔʽơ
ŹǫʋǫɭȟơƎơnjʧƇȍʧȇ࡫ɭơ˖ǫƎʠǫƎɭŔɭʽơʋơɭȟǫȥŔȍ
ƎŔȟȍŔȟŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥǫȍơɭȍơˊơȥƎɃȥơȟǫȥƎơ
njȍȶŹʽơ˖ǫȇŔȍơʽơʋŔʂȟŔǫȥȇȶȥʋǫȥŔȥɽǬȟơˊƎŔȥŔ
njơȍơŹǫȍȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ
- qŔɽʋŔˊŔǫȍȇˊŔɢǬȍŔƃŔȇǫʂȍơȟȶȍŔȥɭơȇʋŔȍʋʠʂơƎơ
ơȍŔɽʋǫȇʽơŹʧˊʧȟʧʂɢɭȶɽʋŔʋŹơ˖ǫɢŔȍɢơơƎǫȍȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
- þɭŔȥɽɭơȇʋŔȍʠȍʋɭŔɽȶȥȶnjɭŔljǫˊȍơŹǫˊȶɢɽǫŔȍǬȥǬɢ
ʋŔȥǬɽǬȇʠȥʠȍʠɭࡲ
17
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
þơƎŔʽǫƎơʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍơȥǫȍŔƇ
- Alfa-ŔƎɭơȥơɭǿǫȇŹȍȶȇơɭʋơƎŔʽǫࡪ¡ơɽŔȥơŹȶˊȥʠʽơ
ɢɭȶɽʋŔʋƎʧ˖ȇŔɽǬȥƎŔ࡫ŔȍljŔࠀ-ŔƎɭơȥơɭǿǫȇơʋȇǫȶȍʠʂŔȥ
ȇŔɽǬȍȟŔȍŔɭǬŔȥʋȶnjȶȥǫ˖ơơƎơɭơȇơʋȇǫnjɃɽʋơɭƎǫǐǫ
ƎʧʂʧȥʧȍȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲáɭȶ˖ȶɽǫȥˊŔȥơʋȇǫȍơɭǫȥǫȥljŔ˖ȍŔȍǬǐǬ
ȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍȟơȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲþơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍơȥ
ǫȍŔƇȍŔɭŔȍljʠ˖ȶɽǫȥ࡫ƎȶȇɽŔ˖ȶǫȥ࡫ʋŔȟɽʠȍȶɽǫȥ࡫
ʋơɭȶ˖ȶɽǫȥƎǫɭࡲ
- 5 alfa-ɭơƎʧȇʋȶ˖ǫȥǠǫŹǫʋɃɭȍơɭǫࡪ%ʠnjɭʠɢǫȍŔƇȍŔɭ
intrapɭȶɽʋŔʋǫȇƎǫǠǫƎɭȶʋơɽʋȶɽʋơɭȶȥɽơʽǫˊơɽǫ
ȇŔɽʋɭŔɽˊȶȥɽơʽǫˊơɽǫȥơȇŔƎŔɭǫȥȟơƎơȥƎʧʂʧɭơɭơȇ
ơʋȇǫnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭȍơɭࡲ%ʠơʋȇǫɽȶȥʠƃʠȥƎŔɢɭȶɽʋŔʋ
ŹȶˊʠʋʠȥƎŔहࠁ߿-ࠂ߿ȶɭŔȥǬȥƎŔȇʧƇʧȍȟơʽơɽơɭʠȟ
áòƎʧ˖ơˊǫȥƎơŔ˖ŔȍȟŔˊŔȥơƎơȥȶȍʠɭȍŔɭࡲˊɭǬƃŔࠄ
alfa-redüktaz inhibitörlerinin idrar akǬȟǠǬ˖ǬȥǬ
ŔɭʋǬɭƎǬǐǬʋơɽɢǫʋơƎǫȍȟơȟǫʂʋǫɭࡲFȥƇȶȇʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍơȥ
ǫȍŔƇȍŔɭbǫȥŔɽʋơɭǫƎơʽơ7ʠƎŔɽʋơɭǫƎơࢫƎǫɭࡲ
%ơȥǫnjȥɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǠǫɢơɭɢȍŔ˖ǫɽɽǫƃơɭɭŔǠǫơƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
- Üriner retansiyon
- þơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊŔȥơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥ
- ¡ơɽŔȥơʋŔʂǬŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơȍǫǐǫ
- ¡ŔȇɭȶɽȇȶɢǫȇǠơȟŔʋʧɭǫ
- òơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬȥʂǫƎƎơʋȍơȥȟơɽǫ
- ĔɭơȟǫʽơƎǫȍŔʋŔɽˊȶȥࢎǠǫƎɭȶʠɭơʋơɭȶȥơljɭȶ˖࢏
-ơɭɭŔǠǫ‘ȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
- FȥɽǬȇȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠɭơʋɭȶnjɭŔƎơǿŔȇʠȍŔɽˊȶȥƎʠɭ
ࢎहࠆࠄ࢏
- ‘ŔȥŔȟŔ࡫ơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥ࡫ɭơʋŔȥɽˊȶȥ࡫ǫȟɢȶʋŔȥɽʽơ
ƎŔɭȍǬȇƎǫǐơɭȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- FȥƃǫƎƎǫȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠƎǫɽʋǫȍơ ɽʠȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬȥŔ
ŹŔǐȍǬɽʠơȥʋȶȇɽǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ
- %ʠȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥƎŔǠǫɢơɭʽȶȍơȟǫ࡫ǠǫɢȶȥŔʋɭơȟǫ࡫
ŹơˊǫȥɃƎơȟǫ࡫ǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ࡫ȇȶȥljʠ˖ˊȶȥʽơȇȶȟŔ
njɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
- èŔƎˊȶljɭơȇŔȥɽʽơŹȍŔɽˊȶȥ
- Hipertermi
- ࠀ߿߿njɭʧɽʋʧɢɭȶɽʋŔʋȍŔɭƎŔŔƇǬȇɢɭȶɽʋŔʋơȇʋȶȟǫ
ʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

þFòþƒòþĔ¡Äè•Fèƒ - FȥɽǬȇɽơȟɢʋȶȟʋơɽʋǫɽǫȥŔǐɭǬɽǬ˖Źʧˊʧȟơɽǫ࡫
- ¡ơʋŔɽʋŔʋǫȇǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥơȥɽǬȇŹʠȍnjʠɽʠŔǐɭǬࡲ
- FɭȇơȥʋŔȥǬƎŔơȥɽǬȇȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔȥˊɃȥʋơȟčòe
- FȥɽǬȇȇŔɭǬʂŔȥࠀࡲFɢǫƎǫƎǫȟȶȶɭʂǫʋ
ࠁࡲFȥɽǬȇqǫƎɭȶɽơȍ

• òŔǐʋơɽʋǫɽʋȟࢫȍơɭǫɢơɭǫȇŔʽŔȍ࡫ɢơɭȇŔʽŔȍ࡫
ǫȥʋơɭŔȶɭʋŔȇŔʽŔȍˊŔˊǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧòȶȍʋơɽʋǫɽʋȟɢŔɭŔȶɭʋǫȇ࡫ɢơɭȶȶɭʋǫȇˊŔˊǬȍǬɭࡲ

FʽɭơȍơȟơࢎèȶˊŔȍ¡ŔɭɽƎơȥȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭ࢏

- FʽɭơࠀʋơɽʋǫɽơɽǬȥǬɭȍǬ
- FʽɭơࠁʋơɽʋǫɽƎǬʂǬȥŔƇǬȇȟǬʂɭơʋɭȶɢơɭǫʋȶȥơŔȍȍơȥlj
ȥȶƎʠʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠ
- FʽɭơࠂɽʠɢɭŔƎǫˊŔljɭŔȟŔʋǫȇȍơȥljȥȶƎʠʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠ
- FʽɭơࠃǠơȟŔʋȶǿơȥˊŔˊǬȍǬȟ

eF衃¥•þĔ¡Äè•Fè

Seminoma
- q-eˊʧȇɽơȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲࢎहࠆ࢏
- báˊʧȇɽơȍȟơ˖ࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍɢɭǫȟơɭʋơɽʋǫɽʋʧȟɃɭʧƎʧɭࡲ
- ‘ɭǫɢʋȶɭʂǫƎǫ˖ȟƎơơȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥʋʧȟɃɭƎʧɭࡲ
- ƒȍơɭǫˊŔʂʋŔnjɃɭʧȍơȥʋǫɢǫɽɢơɭȟȶɽǫʋǫȇɽơȟǫȥȶȟŔƎǬɭࡲ
õƟɷʄǨɷʄʠȜȾɧȊƟɧǨࠃࠇ-ࠅࠇ˃ŔɻǩȢƟɧȄƟȄȊƟɧƌƟƟȢɷǩȄɷȲȊǨƌ
- FȥɭŔƎˊȶɽơȥɽǫʋǫljʋơɽʋǫɽʋʧȟɃɭʧƎʧɭࡲ
tümörüdür.

Fʋˊȶȍȶǿǫ
- FȥɃȥơȟȍǫljŔȇʋɃɭȇɭǫɢʋȶɭʂǫƎǫ˖ȟƎǫɭࡲ
- Kimyasallar
- þɭŔʽȟŔȍȍŔɭ
- eȶȥŔƎŔȍ7ǫɽnjơȥơ˖ǫ

eơɭȟǠʧƃɭơȍǫहࠈࠄ
ࡧòơȟǫȥȶȟࢎहࠂࠄ࢏ࡪFȥɽǬȇŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍʋơɽʋǫɽʋʧȟɃɭʧ
• Embriyonel ǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔȥɽơɭࢎहࠁ߿࢏
ࡧþơɭŔʋȶȟࢎहࠄ࢏
ࡧ‘ȶɭˊȶȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟࢎहࠀ࢏
ࡧ¡ǫȇɽʋǠʧƃɭơȍǫࢎþơɭŔʋȶȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟ- हࠃ߿࢏ࡪþơɭŔʋȶȟऋ
Embriyonel kanser
ࡧĵȶȍȇɽŔȇࢎFȥƎȶƎơɭȟŔȍɽǫȥʧɽʋȟ࢏ࡪ1ȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔơȥ FȟŹɭǫˊȶȥơȍqʧƃɭơȍǫ‘Ŕɭɽǫȥȶȟ
ɽǬȇʋơɽʋǫɽʋʧȟɃɭʧ - ǐɭǬɽǬ˖ƎǬɭȍŔɭࡲ
- bá-q-eˊʧȇɽơȍǫɭࡲ
- áŔʋȶȍȶǿǫƎơʋʧŹʧȍơɭ-ɢŔɢǫȍȍơɭˊŔɢǬȍŔɭʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲࡲ
¥ȶȥeơɭȟqʧƃɭơȍǫ
ࡧ•ơˊƎǫnjǠʧƃɭơȍǫʋȟࢎèơǫȥȇơȇɭǫɽʋŔȍȍơɭǫ࢏
ĵȶȍȇòŔƃࢎFȥƎȶƎơɭȟŔȍòǫȥʧɽþʧȟɃɭʧ࢏
ࡧòơɭʋȶli hücreli tm
-ƒȥljŔȥʋ-ƇȶƃʠȇʋŔơȥɽǬȇʋʧȟɃɭƎʧɭࡲ
ࡧeȶȥŔƎȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟࡪeȶȥŔƎŔȍƎǫɽnjơȥơ˖ǫˊơơʂȍǫȇơƎơɭࡲ
- Alfa fetoprotein
- ࠀŔȥʋǫʋǫɭǫɢɽǫȥ
ǫƇơɭǫɭȍơɭࡲ

òƃǠǫȍȍơɭƎʠʽŔȍƃǫɽǫȟȍơɭǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ

18
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

Hidrosel

- qǫƎɭȶɽơȍʋŔȥǬȟȶȍŔɭŔȇʋơɽʋǫɽǫɽŔɭŔȥ ʋʠȥǫȇŔ
ʽŔnjǫȥŔȍǫɽˊŔɢɭŔȇȍŔɭǬŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȥȶɭȟŔȍƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔɽǬʽǬ
ŹǫɭǫȇȟơɽǫȥơʽơɭǫȍơȥǫɽǫȟƎǫɭࡲࠃ߿ˊŔʂǬȥƎŔȥɽȶȥɭŔɽǬȇ
ɭŔɽʋȍŔȥǬɭࡲ
- FɢǫƎǫƎǫȟǫʋ࡫¶ɭʂǫʋ࡫ʋɭŔʽȟŔʽơɽȇɭȶʋŔȍƃơɭɭŔǠǫˊơ
ɽơȇȶȥƎơɭnjơȍǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
- òȇɭȶʋʠȟƎŔʂǫʂȍǫȇʽơŔǐǬɭȍǬȇǠǫɽɽǫǫȍơnjơȍǫɭ࡫ŔǐɭǬ
ȥŔƎǫɭƎǫɭࡲ
- þŔȥǬɽǬɽȇɭȶʋŔȍčòeǫȍơȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơʋơƎŔʽǫnjơɭơȇʋǫɭȟơ˖ࡲ
‘ȶɭˊȶȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟŔ

- FȥȟŔȍǫnjȥȶȍŔȥq-eˊʧȇɽơȍǫɭࡲ
- -ȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ǬnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ Ī胑¶òF•

- ĪŔɭǫȇȶɽơȍɽɢơɭȟŔʋǫȇȇȶɭƎǫƇǫȥƎơɢȍơȇɽʠɽ
ɢŔȟɢǫȥǫljȶɭȟǫɽǫȥʽŔɭǫȇȶ˖ƎǫȍŔʋŔɽˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ
NON-eơɭȟǫȥŔȍþʧȟɃɭȍơɭ - ĪŔɭǫȇȶɽơȍnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơहࠈࠄʋơȇʋŔɭŔljȍǬɽȶȍƎŔƎǬɭࡲ
- eơȥơȍƎơŔɽơȟʋȶȟŔʋǫȇʋǫɭʽơǫȥljơɭʋǫȍǫʋơȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơ
- òơɭʋȶȍǫǠʧƃɭơȍǫʋʧȟɃɭࡪ chorko-bötcher cisimleri
ʋơʋȇǫȇơƎǫȍơȥȍơɭƎơȟʠŔˊơȥơƎơɽŔɢʋŔȥǬɭࡲ
ǫƇơɭǫɭࡲ
- þŔȥǬɽǬ ɽȇɭȶʋŔȍƎȶɢɢȍơɭčòeǫȍơȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
- •ơˊƎǫnjǠʧƃɭơȍǫʋʧȟɃɭࢎqǫȍʠɽǠʧƃɭơȍǫ࢏ࡪ
- þơƎŔʽǫɽǫƃơɭɭŔǠǫȶȍŔɭŔȇʽŔɭǫȇȶ˖ʽơȥȍơɭǫȥ
Jinekomasti-ɢʠŹơɭʋơɢɭơȇȶȇɽऋèơǫȥȇơȇɭǫɽʋŔȍȍơɭǫ
ŹŔǐȍŔȥȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࢎơȥɽǬȇȥȶȥnjơɭȟǠʧƃɭơȍǫʋȟ࢏
- òơȟơȥŔȥŔȍǫ˖ǫȥƎơnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơȟȶȍǫʋơˊǫŹȶ˖Ŕɭʽơ
- FȥɽǬȇɽȶȍǫƎȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ɢɭȶɽʋŔʋʋŔȥ࡫Ǝǫǐơɭ
ƃơɭɭŔǠǫǫȍơơȥƇȶȇƎʧ˖ơȍơȥɢŔɭŔȟơʋɭơȟȶȍǫʋơƎǫɭࡲ
ȍơȥljȶȟŔƎŔȥȶȍʠɭࡲ

ĪŔɭǫȇȶɽơȍþŔȥǬɽǬ‘ȶȥʠȍŔȥqŔɽʋŔƎŔþơƎŔʽǫ
ò‘è¶þč¡qòþ•z‘•èz FȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ

ࠀ࢏ĪŔɭǫȇȶɽơȍǫȥ ɢŔȍɢŔŹȍȶȍȟŔɽǬ࡫
ࠁ࢏1ǫljʋǫȥŹǫȍǫȥơȥǫȥljơɭʋǫȍǫʋơɽǫȥǫȥŹʠȍʠȥȟŔɽǬ࡫
ࠂ࢏‘ŔƎǬȥɢŔɭʋȥơɭǫȥljơɭʋǫȍǫʋơɽǫȥǫȥȥȶɭȟŔȍȶȍȟŔɽǬ
ʽơˊŔɢȶʋŔȥɽǫˊơȍȶȍŔɭŔȇƎʧ˖ơȍʋǫȍơŹǫȍơƃơȇŹǫɭ
ǫȥljơɭʋǫȍǫʋơȥơƎơȥǫȥǫȥŹʠȍʠȥȟŔɽǬ࡫
ࠃ࢏FɭȇơȇɢŔɭʋȥơɭǫȥŹǫɭʽơˊŔƎŔǠŔljŔ˖ȍŔŔȥȶɭȟŔȍ
semen parametreleri ࢎɽɢơɭȟɽŔˊǬ࡫ȟȶʋǫȍǫʋơʽơˊŔ
ȟȶɭljȶȍȶǿǫƎơŹȶ˖ʠȍȟŔ࢏ʽơˊŔɽɢơɭȟljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥ
ʋơɽʋȍơɭǫȥơɽŔǠǫɢȶȍȟŔɽǬࡲ

19
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

¥ȶɭȟŔȍ¥áþ-èþơɽʋǫ‘ɭǫʋơɭȍơɭǫࡪ

- eơƃơŹŔʂǬȥŔơɭơȇɽǫˊȶȥɽŔˊǬɽǬȥǬȥƎɃɭʋʽơˊŔŹơʂ
ȶȍȟŔɽǬࢎnjʧȥƃơȍŹŔ˖ǬƇŔȍǬʂȟŔȍŔɭŔnjɃɭơŹǫɭƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔ࢏
- ¶ɭʋȶȍŔȟŔơɭơȇɽǫˊȶȥɽʧɭơɽǫȥǫȥࠀࠄ-ࠂ߿ƎŔȇǫȇŔƎŔȥ
ʠ˖ʠȥȶȍȟŔɽǬ࡫
- áơȥǫɽƇơʽɭơɽǫɃȍƇʧȟʧȥƎơȇɃȇʋơȥŔȍǬȥŔȥ
ɃȍƇʧȟȍơɭƎơơȥŔ˖ࠂƃȟࢫȍǫȇ࡫ʠƇʋŔȥŔȍǬȥŔȥ
ɃȍƇʧȟȍơɭƎơǫɽơơȥ Ŕ˖ࠁƃȟࢫȍǫȇŔɭʋǬʂȶȍȟŔɽǬ࡫
- qơȟȇɃȇǠơȟƎơʠƇʋŔɃȍƇʧȍơȥȟŔȇɽǫȟʠȟ
ɭǫǿǫƎǫʋơȥǫȥहࠆ߿ࢫǫȥʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơȶȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ

áF¥ƒòqòþ•z‘•èz ࡧ¶ɭnjŔȥǫȇȥơƎơȥȍơɭŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔơȥɽǬȇƎǫˊŔŹơʋʽơ
ǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥnjơȍǫɭࡲ7ǫˊŔŹơʋɢơɭǫljơɭǫȇȥɃɭȶɢŔʋǫƎơ
Fɭơȇʋǫȍ7ǫɽljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥ ˊŔɢŔɭŔȇȥɃɭȶǿơȥʠˊŔɭǬȍŔɭǬŹȶ˖Ŕɭࡲ
ࡧáɭȶɽʋŔʋƃơɭɭŔǠǫɽǫ njơƇǫɭơȥȍơɭƎơƎơǫȟɢȶʋŔȥɽ
- FɭơȇɽǫˊȶȥȶȍʠʂȟŔɽǬǫƇǫȥɢơȥǫɽơŔɭʋơɭˊơȍȇŔȥǬȥ njơȍǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ɢȶȟɢŔȍŔȥȟŔɽǬ࡫ʽơȥɃ˖ƎȶȍŔʂǬȟǬȥʋŔȟŔȟơȥ ࡧþŔȥǬƎŔɢơȥǫȍƎȶɢɢȍơɭčòeʽơȇŔʽơɭȥȶɽȶnjɭŔljǫǫȍơ
ƎʠɭȟŔɽǬʽơʋʠȥǫȇŔŔȍŹʠnjǫȥơŔʽơȥȍơɭǫȥǫȥʋŔȟŔȟơȥ ʽŔɽȇʧȍơɭŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭŔɭŔʂʋǬɭǬȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ɽǬȇǬʂȟŔɽǬnjơɭơȇȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ ࡧþǫɢࠄljȶɽljȶƎǫơɽʋơɭŔ˖ơȥ˖ǫȟǫƃe¡áࢫˊǫˊǬȇŔɭʽơ
- FɭơȇɽǫˊȶȥɢŔɭŔɽơȟɢŔʋǫȇ࡫ơǿŔȇʠȍŔɽˊȶȥɽơȟɢŔʋǫȇ ɽǫȍƎơȥŔljǫȍɽǫʋɭŔʋŹʠơȥ˖ǫȟǫˊǬȇŔɭŔȇǠʧƃɭơǫƇǫƃe¡á
ʠˊŔɭǬǫȍơȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ ȇȶȥɽŔȥʋɭŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥǬȥˊʧȇɽơȇƎʧ˖ơˊƎơȶȍȟŔɽǬȥǬ
- áɽǫȇȶǿơȥǫȇ-ȶɭnjŔȥǫȇŔˊɭǬȟǬȥǬˊŔɢȟŔƎŔ ɽŔǐȍŔɭࡲFȥƇȶȇʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍơȥŔǿŔȥƎǬɭࡲ
¥áþࢎȥȶȇʋʠɭȥŔȍ-penil-ʋʠȟơɽŔȥɽ࢏ʋơɽʋǫɃȥơȟȍǫƎǫɭ ࡧþŔƎŔȍŔljǫȍࢎ-ǫŔȍǫɽ࢏࡫ĪŔɭƎơȥŔljǫȍƎŔǠŔʠ˖ʠȥơʋȇǫȍǫ
ɢɭơɢŔɭŔʋȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ‘Ŕʽơɭȥȶ˖ƎȶȇʠǫƇǫȥơɢŔɢŔʽơɭǫȥˊŔƎŔáeFࠀ
Diyabet
ࢎȍɢɭȶɽʋŔƎǫȍ࢏ơȥǿơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠʋŔȥǬʽơʋơƎŔʽǫƎơ
Hipertansiyon ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
òǫɽʋơȟǫȇ
Koroner Arter qŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
qŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭ
‘ɭȶȥǫȇ%ɃŹɭơȇĵơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫ
‘ɭȶȥǫȇ‘ŔɭŔƃǫǐơɭĵơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫ áFĵ趥ƒFqòþ•zhz
òơɭơŹɭȶʽŔɽȇʧȍơɭqŔɽʋŔȍǬȇ
¥Ƀɭȶȍȶǿǫȇ ¡ʠȍʋǫɢȍòȇȍơɭȶ˖
qŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭ áŔɭȇǫȥɽȶȥ
ȍ˖ǠơȟǫȟơɭqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
Hipertiroidizm
Hipotiroidizm
FȥƎȶȇɭǫȥ
qǫɢȶnjȶȥŔƎǫ˖ȟ
qŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭ
Hiperprolaktinemi
qǫɢơɭɃɽʋɭȶǿơȥǫ˖ȟ
áơˊɭȶȥǫơqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
áơȥǫȍbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭ áȶɽʋɢɭǫŔɢǫɽȟ
Īơȥȶȶȇʠ˖ǫʽ7ǫɽljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥ
- ‘ŔɭɢʠɽȇŔʽơɭȥȶ˖ʠȟƇơʽɭơɽǫȥƎơʋʠȥǫȇŔŔȍŹʠnjǫȥơŔ
áɽǫȇǫˊŔʋɭǫȇ ʋŔŹŔȇŔɽǬȥƎŔȇȶȍȍŔǿơȥŹǫɭǫȇǫȟǫȥơŹŔǐȍǬɢơȥǫɽʋơŔǐɭǬ
Depresyon
qŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭ ʽơƎơljȶɭȟǫʋơˊȍơȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơŹǫɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
- þࡲȍŹʠnjǫȥơŔȥǬȥǠŔɭơȇơʋȇŔŹǫȍǫˊơʋǫȥǫŹȶ˖ŔɭŔȇʽơ
ĵŔʂȍǬȍǬȇ
ʽơȥȍơɭǫɽǬȇǬʂʋǬɭȟŔɽǬȥǬɃȥȍơɭʽơơɭơȇɽǫˊȶȥȇʠɽʠɭʠȥŔ
Hiperlipidemi ȥơƎơȥȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
7ǫǐơɭ
÷ǫʂȟŔȥȍǬȇ - Geneli ǫƎǫȶɢŔʋǫȇȶȍʠɢࠃ߿-ࠆ߿ˊŔʂŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
òǫnjŔɭŔ - 7ʠɢʠˊʋɭơȥȇȶȥʋɭŔȇʋʧɭʧǫȍơˊŔȇǬȥƎŔȥǫȍǫȇǫȍǫƎǫɭࡲ

20
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

ࡧFɭơȇɽǫˊȶȥƎŔŔǐɭǬ࡫ɢơȥǫɽʋơơǐɭǫȍǫȇʽơŹŔ˖ơȥȶȍʠʂŔȥ
ljǫŹɭȶ˖ǫɽơŹŔǐȍǬɢơȥǫɽʋơơȍơnjơȍơȥɽơɭʋȇǫʋȍơơȥƇȶȇ
ȇŔɭʂǬȍŔʂǬȍŔȥŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧþŔȥǬɽǬɢơȥǫȍƎȶɢɢȍơɭčòeǫȍơȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ŔȍɽǫˊʠȟȇŔȥŔȍŹȍȶȇɃɭȍơɭǫ࡫ɢȍŔȇǫƇǫȥơɽʋơɭȶǫƎʽơ
þŔȟȶȇɽǫljơȥȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧáȍŔǐǬȥǫȥɽǫ˖ˊȶȥʠ࡫ơȇɽǫ˖ˊȶȥʠʽơƎȶȇʠnjɭơljʋǫ
ʠˊnjʠȍŔȥŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

òȶɭʠ
ࠀ࢏%ơȥǫnjȥɢɭȶɽʋŔʋǠǫɢơɭɢȍŔ˖ǫɽǫʋŔȥǬɽǬȇȶȥȟʠʂ
ŹǫɭǠŔɽʋŔƎŔ࡫ŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫɃȥƃơȍǫȇle
ƃơɭɭŔǠǫʋơƎŔʽǫˊǫnjơɭơȇʋǫɭǫɭࡳ
࢏áɭȶɽʋŔʋʽȶȍʠȟʠȥʠȥࠅ߿ƃƃࢫƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔȶȍȟŔɽǬ
%࢏ƒʂơȟơɽȶȥɭŔɽǬȟơɽŔȥơƎơ ࠀ߿߿ƃƃࢫƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔ
ǫƎɭŔɭȇŔȍȟŔɽǬ
-࢏%ǫɭȇơ˖ŔȇʠʋǫƎɭŔɭɭơʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥʠȶȍʠʂȟŔɽǬ
7࢏qŔɽʋŔȍǬǐŔɽơȇȶȥƎơɭɭơȇʧɭɭơȥnjɭȶɽɽǠơȟŔʋʧɭǫ
ʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ
F࢏áɭȶɽʋŔʋɽơȟɢʋȶȟɽȇȶɭʠȥʠȥࠁ߿ࢫȥǫȥʧ˖ơrinde
ȶȍȟŔɽǬ

21
Küçük Stajlar | 2. Çocuk Cerrahisi

Çocuk
Cerrahisi

22
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

2. Ƕ-č‘-Fèèqƒòƒ

ĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥƎŔòȶȍʠȥʠȟòǬȇǬȥʋǬɽǬ

- Koanal atrezi
- ‘ȶŔȥŔȍŔʋɭơ˖ǫहࠅ߿ʠȥǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍƎǫɭࡲþǬȇŔȍǬʋŔɭŔljʋŔ
ɽʧɭơȇȍǫŔȇǬȥʋǬȶȍʠɭࡲ
- ǐȍŔƎǬǐǬȥƎŔȟȶɭŔɭȟŔȥǬȥƎʧ˖ơȍȟơɽǫʋǫɢǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
- %ǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍȇȶŔȥŔȍŔʋɭơ˖ǫƎơ ɽŔƎơƃơŔǐǬ˖ŔƇǬȇȇơȥ
ɽȶȍʠˊŔŹǫȍǫɭ࡫ŔǐȍŔˊǬȥƃŔƎʧ˖ơȍǫɭȍơɭࡲ

ˊǬɭǬƃǬʋŔȥǬ

ࡧȇƃǫǐơɭȍơɭǫȥȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍȇǫɽʋǫȇǠࡲ
ࡧòʋŔljǫȍȶȇȶȇȇŔȍȇǫɽʋȍơɭ
ࡧ•ȶȇʠȍơɢȥɃȟȶʋǠȶɭŔȇɽ
ࡧȇƃǫǐơɭǠŔȟŔɭʋȶȟʠ
ࡧ7ǫŔljɭŔnjȟŔơʽơȥʋɭŔɽˊȶȥʠ

þơƎŔʽǫ

ࡧȇƃǫǐơɭɽʧɭơȇȍǫƎǫȥȍơȥȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
áǫơɭɭơèȶŹǫȥòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ ࡧbǬʋǬȇŹʠȍʠȥŔȥʋŔɭŔljŔˊŔʋǬɭǬȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ-ơɭɭŔǠǫʋơƎŔʽǫʂŔɭʋʋǬɭࡲ
- ȍʋƇơȥơǠǫɢȶɢȍŔ˖ǫɽǫ ࡧáɭȶnjȥȶ˖ʠơɽŔɽȶȍŔɭŔȇŔȇƃǫǐơɭǠǫɢȶɢȍŔ˖ǫɽǫŹơȍǫɭȍơɭࡲ
- ¡Ŕȇɭȶnjȍȶɽɽǫ ࡧƒȍȇʋơɭƃǫǠŔȟơȍǫˊŔʋŹơɽȍơȥȟơnjŔɽʋɭȶɽʋȶȟǫɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
- ĵŔɭǬȇƎŔȟŔȇ
- qǬɭǬȍʋǬ࡫ʋŔʂǫɢȥơ࡫
ɽǫˊȶȥŔ˖࡫ɽʋɭǫƎȶɭnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ%ơŹơȇɽǬɭʋʧɽʋʧˊŔʋŔɭȇơȥ࡫
Konjenital diyafragma hernisinde prognozda kan
ƎǫȍnjơɭǫˊơȇŔƇŔɭŔȇɽȶȍʠȥʠȟnjʧƇȍơʂʋǫɭǫɭࡲ
NJŔˏǩ࡬ɧŔƌ˃ȲȊȲǼǨȄŸʙȊNJʙȊŔɧʶƟʶƟȢʄǨȊŔɷ˃ȲȢࡸɝƟɧLJʠˏ˃ȲȢ
sintigrafisi önemlidir.

‘ȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍ7ǫˊŔljɭŔȟqơɭȥǫɽǫ 7ǫˊŔljljɭŔnjȟŔFʽơȥʋɭŔɽˊȶȥʠ

- %ŔǐǬɭɽŔȇȍŔɭǬȥơɭȇơȥƎɃʧȥʧʂʧǫȍơƎǫˊŔljɭŔnjȟŔʋŔȟ
ȶȍŔɭŔȇnjơȍǫʂǫȟǫȥǫʋŔȟŔȟȍŔˊŔȟŔ˖ʽơ
ɢȍơʽɭȶɢơɭǫʋȶȥơŔȍȇŔȥŔȍŔƇǬȇȇŔȍǬɭࡲ¡ȶɭʋŔȍǫʋơɽǫ
ȶȍƎʠȇƇŔˊʧȇɽơȇŹǫɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
- ĪŔȇŔȍŔɭǬȥʋʧȟʧȥơˊŔȇǬȥǬȥƎŔ%ȶƃǠƎŔȍơȇǠơɭȥǫɽǫ
ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
%ȶƃǠƎŔȍơȇqơɭȥǫɽǫࢎ%98)
- 7ǫˊŔljɭŔnjȟŔơʽơȥʋɭŔɽˊȶȥʠȟʠɽȇʠȍơɭʋŔŹŔȇŔɽǬǫˊǫ
njơȍǫʂȟơȟǫʂƎǫˊŔljɭŔnjȟŔȥǬȥʋŔȟŔȟǬȥǬȥˊŔƎŔŹǫɭ
ŹɃȍʧȟʧȥʧȥȥȶɭȟŔȍƎơȥˊʧȇɽơȇȶȍȟŔɽǬʽơʋȶɭȶȇɽŔ
ƎȶǐɭʠȇʠŹŹơȍơʂȟơɽǫȥơʽơɭǫȍơȥǫɽǫȟƎǫɭࡲ
- ‘ŔɽȍŔɭǬȥˊơʋơɭɽǫ˖njơȍǫʂǫȟǫȥơŹŔǐȍǬȶȍʠɢɽŔǐ
ŔȥʋơɭȶȟơƎǫŔȍƎơɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
- qŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥȇȍǫȥǫǐǫȥƎơȶɽȍʠȥʠȟɽǬȇǬȥʋǬɽǬʽơ
ɢŔɭŔƎȶȇɽǫȇƎǫˊŔljɭŔnjȟŔǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭǫȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ

- ‘ŔɭǬȥǫƇǫȶɭnjŔȥȍŔɭǬƎǫljɭŔnjȟŔȥǬȥɽȶȍŔɭȇŔɽǬȥƎŔȇǫ
ŔƇȍǬȇʋŔȥnjɃǐʧɽơnjơƇơɭࡲ‘ŔɭǬȥǫƇǫȶɭnjŔȥȍŔɭƎŔȥnjɃǐʧɽ
ŹȶʂȍʠǐʠȥŔơȥƇȶȇnjơƇơȥǫȥƃơŹŔɭɽŔȇȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- qơɭȥǫȶȍŔȥʋŔɭŔljʋŔŔȇƃǫǐơɭȍơɭɽȶȍʠȥʠȟŔŔ˖ȇŔʋǬȍǬɭࡲ
‘ŔɭǬȥƇɃȇʧȇnjɃɭʧȥʧȟƎơȶȍʠɢ7‘eࢫƎơnjɃǐʧɽ
ȇŔljơɽǫȥƎơŹŔɭɽŔȇŔȥɽȍŔɭǬnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ‘ŔƎǬȥȍŔɭƎŔǫȇǫ
ȇŔʋƎŔǠŔɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

23

- bɭơȥǫȇɽǫȥǫɭljơȍƃǫȥơŹŔǐȍǬȶȍʠȥƃŔɽŔǐʋŔɭŔljʋŔɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
- ¡ŔȇŔƎ˖ȶɭƎȶǐʠȟȍŔŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơȍǫǐǫʠǬȥʠʋʠȍȟŔȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
- òȶȍʋŔɭŔljʋŔƎŔǠŔƇȶȇʋȶʋŔȍơʽơȥʋɭŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ɽŔǐƎŔǫɽơ
ɢŔɭɽǫˊơȍơʽơȥʋɭŔɽˊȶȥʂơȇȍǫȥƎơnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
-ơɭɭŔǠǫơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ
- áŔɭŔƎȶȇɽǫȇƎǫŔljɭŔnjȟŔǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭǫ
- òȶȍʠȥʠȟɽǬȇǬȥʋǬɽǬ
- òǬȇʋơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊŔȥɽȶȍʠȥʠȟˊȶȍʠơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
á¥Ä¡¶þ¶è‘ò
áȍơʽɭŔȍ ˊŔɢɭŔȇȍŔɭŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȇǫǠŔʽŔŔȇƃǫǐơɭ
ǠŔʽŔȍŔȥȟŔɽǬȥǬŹȶ˖ŔɭࡲĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥȍŔɭƎŔƎŔǠŔljŔ˖ȍŔ
njɃɭʧȍʧɭʽơƇȶǐʠɽơȟɢʋȶȟʽơɭȟơƎơȥǫˊǫȍơʂǫɭࡲ
áȥɃȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽèǫɽȇbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫ
- bơʋŔȍƎǫɽʋɭơɽɽʽơƎȶǐʠȟʋɭŔʽȟŔɽǬ
- ¡ơȇŔȥǫȇĪơȥʋǫȍŔɽˊȶȥ
- qǫɢȶɢȍŔ˖ǫȇȇƃǫǐơɭ
- Ä˖ơljŔnjʠɽɭʧɢʋʧɭʧ
- òʋŔljǫȍȶȇȶȇáȥɃȟȶȥǫɽǫ
ࡧáȥɃȶȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽȶȍŔȥʋŔɭŔljʋŔǠǫɢơɭɽȶȥŔɭǫʋơʽơ
ŔȇƃǫǐơɭɽơɽȍơɭǫȥƎơŔ˖ŔȍȟŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ࡧ•ơ˖ˊȶȥʋŔɭŔljǬȥƎŔǠǫȍʠɽʋŔ࡫ȇŔȍȍŔŹơŔȇƃǫǐơɭ
njɃ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ‘ŔŹʠɭnjŔȍŔɭŔɭŔɽǬŔƇǬȇȍǬǐǬȥƎŔŔɭʋȟŔ
njɃ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
24
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫɽǫnjɃǐʧɽʋʧɢʧʋŔȇǬȍǬɢɽʠŔȍʋǬƎɭơȥŔǿǬ
ˊŔɢǬȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
áȥɃȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽʋŔȟơȍǫˊŔʋƒȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
- qŔʽŔȇŔƇŔǐǬȥǬȥࠅnjʧȥƎơȥʠ˖ʠȥɽʧɭȟơɽǫ– ŔˊȥǬ
ʋŔɭŔljʋŔǫȇǫȥƃǫȇơ˖ɢȥɃȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽ࡫
- 7ŔǠŔɃȥƃơnjơƇǫɭǫȍȟǫʂȇȶȥʋɭŔȍŔʋơɭŔȍ
ɢȥɃȶȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽ– 7ŔȍnjǬƇˊŔƎŔɢǫȍȶʋȍŔɭƎŔȇǫǫȍȇ
ɢȥɃȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽ࡫
- òơȥȇɭȶȥŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍɢȥɃȶȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽ
- áȥɃȟȶȥơȇʋȟǫnjơƇǫɭȟǫʂǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭ
- þŔȟʋơʂơȇȇʧȍȍʧȟơɭȇơ˖ơʠ˖ŔȇŹǫɭˊơɭƎơˊŔʂŔˊŔȥ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭ
áȥɃȟơƎǫŔɽʋǫȥʠȟ
- áȥɃȶȟȶȟơƎǫŔɽʋǫȥʠȟȇŔʽŔȍȶŹɽʋɭʧȇɽǫˊȶȥŔ
ȥơƎơȥȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲĵŔȥnjɭŔljǫƎơɽʋơɭȥʠȟʠȥŔɭŔȇɽǬȥƎŔ
ǠŔʽŔȇŔŹŔɭƃǬȇȍŔɭǬȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫɽʋǫȇɃ˖ơȍȍǫǐǫƎǫɭࡲ
- 2-ࠂࡲƒȥʋơɭȇȶɽʋŔȍŔɭŔȍǬȇʋŔȥˊŔɢǬȍŔȥŔɽɢǫɭŔɽˊȶȥ
ǠŔˊŔʋȇʠɭʋŔɭǬƃǬƎǬɭࡲòȶȥɭŔŔɢǫȇŔȍnjɃǐʧɽʋʧɢʧǫȍơɽʠ
ŔȍʋǬƎɭơȥŔǿǬˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
ĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥǬȥ•ȶŹŔɭȟljǫ˖ơȟǫ
- ĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥȍȶŹŔɭŔȟljǫ˖ơȟǫɽǬȇȍǬȇȍŔɽȶȍʧɽʋ࡫ɽŔǐ
ȶɭʋŔʽơʧɽʋȍȶŹȍŔɭƎŔƎǬɭࡲþȶɭȶȇȶʋȶȟǫʽơȍȶŹơȇʋȶȟǫ
ˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲþơƎŔʽǫơƎǫȍȟơ˖ɽơȟȶɭʋŔȍǫʋơहࠄ߿ࢫƎǫɭࡲ
%ɭȶȥȇȶǿơȥǫȇ‘ǫɽʋ
- òȶȍʠȥʠȟɽǬȇǬȥʋǬɽǬ࡫ƎǫɽljŔǿǫˊŔɢŔɭࡲèŔƎˊȶnjɭŔljǫƎơࡷ
ȟơƎǫŔɽʋơȥƎơȇǫʋȍơʽơʋɭŔȇơŔǠŔʽŔɽʧʋʧȥʠȥƎŔ
ǫʋǫȍȟơnjɃ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
- òȶȍʠȥʠȟɽǬȇǬȥʋǬɽǬŹʠȍʠȥŔȥƎʠɭʠȟȍŔɭƎŔ࡫ŔˊǬɭǬƃǬ
ʋŔȥǬƎŔơȥƎơǐơɭȍǫŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬŔȇƃǫǐơɭɭŔƎˊȶnjɭŔljǫɽǫ
ʽơɭȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

ࡧFȥɽǬȇezòŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭǫnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡪ¡ŔȍɭȶʋŔɽˊȶȥʽơ
Nonrotasyon
ࡧF¡eȥȶȟŔȍǫɽǫࡪFˉȶȟljŔȍȶɽ– ¡Ŕȇɭȶnjȍȶɽɽǫ–
eǫnjŔȥʋǫ˖ȟ
ࡧ7ȶȍŔʂǬȟɽǫɽʋơȟǫࡪbŔȍȍȶʋʋơʋɭŔȍȶǿǫɽǫࢎþ¶b࢏
ࡧ-ŔȥʋɭơȍʋơʋɭŔȍȶǿǫɽǫࡪòʋơɭȥŔȍƃȍơljʋ࡫ȇŔɭƎǫˊŔȇ
ŔȥȶȟŔȍǫ࡫ƎǫˊŔljɭŔȟǠơɭȥǫɽǫ࡫ơȇɽʋȶɢǫŔƃȶɭƎǫɽࡲ

- FȥɽǬȇezòŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭǫnjɃɭʧȍʧɭʽơŹʠȥȍŔɭƎŔȥơȥ
ɽǬȇȟŔȍɭȶʋŔɽˊȶȥ– ȥȶȥɭȶʋŔɽˊȶȥnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- %ơƃȇˁǫʋǠ-ˁǫơƎơȟŔȥʽơF¡eࢎơˉŔȟljŔȍȶɽ࡫
ȟŔȇɭȶnjȍȶɽɽǫ࡫njǫnjŔȥʋǫ˖ȟ࢏ɽơȥƎɭȶȟȍŔɭǬȥƎŔɽǬȇ
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- %ʠƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭȟʠʋȍŔȇŔǠǫɢȶnjȍǫɽơȟǫ ŔƇǬɽǬȥƎŔȥˊŔȇǬȥ
ʋŔȇǫŹơŔȍǬȥȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
þơƎŔʽǫࡪࠄƃȟŔȍʋǬȥƎŔȶȍŔȥȍŔɭɢɭǫȟơɭȇŔɢŔʋǬȍǬɭ࡫ƎŔǠŔ
ʧɽʋʧȥƎơȶȍŔȥŔȍɭȇŔɭǬȥǫƇǫŹŔɽǬȥƃǬŹǫɭƎơȥŔɭʋʋǬɭȟŔȇ
ǫƇǫȥˊŔʽŔʂˊŔʽŔʂȇŔɢŔʋǬȍǬɭࡲ

eÄ%F‘¥¶¡•ƒ•Fèƒ

¶ȟljŔȍȶɽơȍࢎơˉȶȟljŔȍȶɽ࢏
- òǬȇȍǬȇࠀࡸࠂ߿߿߿-ࠄ߿߿߿ࡲ7ʧʂʧȇƎȶǐʠȟŔǐǬɭȍǬȇȍǬʽơ
ɢɭơȟŔʋʧɭơȍơɭƎơɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
- हࠃ߿ʽŔȇŔƎŔɢȶȍǫǠǫƎɭŔȟȥǫȶɽʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- áŔʋȶnjơȥơ˖ࡷ¶ɭʋŔŹŔǐǬɭɽŔǐǬȥࠀ߿-ࠀࠁࡲqŔljʋŔȍŔɭƎŔ
ơˉʋɭŔơȟŹɭǫˊȶȥǫȇȇɃȍȶȟƎŔȥ ȇŔɭǬȥŹȶʂȍʠǐʠȥŔ
ƎɃȥơȟơȟơɽǫǫȍơȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
- ‘ȍǫȥǫȇࡪ¶ɭʋŔǠŔʋʋŔʂơljljŔljˊʠȟʠʂŔȇŹǫɭȇơɽơʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- ‘ơɽơʽǫɽơɭŔȍɢơɭǫʋȶȥʽơŔȟȥǫȶʋǫȇ˖ŔɭƎŔȥȟȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
- हࠆ߿ʽŔȇŔƎŔơȇŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

°ɧʄŔǝŔʄʄŔɻƟLJLJŔLJʶƟ˃ʙȜʙɻŔȄŸǨɧȄƟɷƟʶŔɧƌǩɧࡲࠄࠆ
ɷŔŔʄɷȲȢɧŔȜŔʄȊŔɻǩɧࡲŽƟɷƟʶǨɷƟɧŔȊɝƟɧǨʄȲȢʶƟ
ŔȜȢǨȲʄǨȄˏŔɧƌŔȢȲȊʙɻʙɧࡲ

25
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eŔɽʋɭȶʂǫ˖ǫɽ
¶ȟljŔȍȶɽơȍʽơeŔɽʋɭȶʂǫ˖ǫɽɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȇǫ‘ȍǫȥǫȇ
òǬȇȍǬȇࡪࠀࡸࠇ߿߿߿-20.000 bŔɭȇȍǬȍǬȇȍŔɭ
7ʧʂʧȇƎȶǐʠȟŔǐǬɭȍǬȇȍǬʽơɢɭơȟŔʋʧɭơȍơɭƎơɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ

¶ȟljŔȍȶɽơȍ eŔʋɭȶʂǫ˖ǫɽ

áŔʋȶnjơȥơ˖ࡪȟȥǫȶȥ˖ŔɭǬȥǬȥࠄ-ࠀ߿ࡲqŔljʋŔȍŔɭƎŔ
ˊǬɭʋǬȍȟŔɽǬɽȶȥʠƃʠȶȍʠʂʋʠǐʠƎʧʂʧȥʧȍȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ eɃŹơǐǫȥ
•ȶȇŔȍǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥ eɃŹơȇǠŔȍȇŔɽǬ
ƎǬʂǬȥƎŔ
‘ȍǫȥǫȇࡪeɃŹơȇȥȶɭȟŔȍˊơɭǫȥƎơƎǫɭʽơȟǫƎơʽơ
ŹŔǐǬɭɽŔȇȍŔɭnjɃŹơǐǫȥɽŔǐŔȍʋˊŔȥǬȥƎŔȇǫŔƇǬȇȍǬȇʋŔȥ
ơȇɽɢȶ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ%ŔɭɽŔȇȍŔɭŔɽơɢʋǫȇljơʋŔȍɢơɭǫʋȶȥǫʋơ bŔɽˊŔȍ7ơljơȇʋ 4 - ࠀ߿ƃȟ ࠃƃȟࢫƎơȥȇʧƇʧȇ
ȇŔȍǬȥȍŔʂȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ

ĪŔɭƎǬɭ ࢎɭʧɢʋʧɭơ ĵȶȇࢎȇŔȍǬȥʋǬɽǬƎŔ

‘ơɽơ
- FȇŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭƇȶȇ ɽơˊɭơȇȶȍʠɢơȥɽǬȇŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơȍǫȇ ȶȍȟʠʂȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ࢏ ˊȶȇ࢏
ǿơǿʠȥȶǫȍơŔȍŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭǫȍơnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
- ȟȥǫȶȥɽǬʽǬɽǬȥŔɢơɭǫʋȶȥˊʧ˖ơˊǫȥƎơȥƇȶȇljŔ˖ȍŔ
ɢɭȶʋơǫȥȇŔˊŹǬȶȍŔƃŔǐǬȶȥƎŔȥnjŔɽʋɭȶʂǫ˖ǫɽȍǫʽơ Kesenin
‘ȶɭƎǫȥ7ʠɭʠȟʠ ¥ȶɭȟŔȍˊơɭǫȥƎơ
ʋơɢơɽǫȥƎơ
ǬȥʋɭŔʠʋơɭǫȥˊǬɭʋǬȍȟǬʂŔȟljŔȍȶɽơȍȍǫǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔȇŔȥ
ɢɭȶʋơǫȥƎʧ˖ơˊǫƇȶȇɃȥơȟȍǫƎǫɭ࡫ŔȍŹʧȟǫȥŔ˖ŔȍȟǬʂʋǬɭ.
eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơ ÄƎơȟȍǫ࡫
qǫɢȶʋơɭȟȟǫʽơɢɭȶʋơǫȥȇŔˊŹǬŔƇǬɽǬȥƎŔȥƎǫȇȇŔʋȍǫ %ŔɭɽŔȇȍŔɭǬȥ ȥȶɭȟŔȍ ơȇɽʠƎŔȍǬʽơ
eɃɭʧȥʧȟʧ ࢎɢɭơȥŔʋŔȍ ƎʠʽŔɭǬ
ȶȍʠȥȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
ɭʧɢʋʧɭǠŔɭǫƇ࢏ ȇŔȍǬȥȍŔʂȟǬʂ

¶ȟljŔȍȶɽơȍʽơeŔɽʋɭȶʂǫ˖ǫɽ ɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȇǫ‘ȍǫȥǫȇ
bŔɭȇȍǬȍǬȇȍŔɭ

¶ȟljŔȍȶɽơȍ eŔʋɭȶʂǫ˖ǫɽ

‘ŔɭŔƃǫǐơɭ
eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơĪŔɭࡲ Ender.
qơɭȥǫŔɽˊȶȥʠ

¡ŔȍɭȶʋŔɽˊȶȥ ĪŔɭƎǬɭࡲ ĪŔɭƎǬɭࡲ

ŹƎȶȟǫȥŔȍ eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơ
‘ʧƇʧȇࡲ
‘Ŕʽǫʋơ ȥȶɭȟŔȍࡲ

%ǫɭȍǫȇʋơ %40 – ࠇ߿

Ender.
ȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ

ࡧFȇŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȥŔƎǫɭƎǫɭࡲFȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ
%ŔɭɽŔȇ
ezòǫȍơǫȍnjǫȍǫƎǫɭࡲ Ender. %ʧˊʧȇɭǫɽȇࡲ
òʋɭŔȥnjʧȍŔɽˊȶȥʠ
ࡧqǫɢȶʋơɭȟǫʽơȇŔȥɢɭȶʋơǫȥǫȇŔˊŹǬŔƇǬɽǬȥƎŔȥ
ƎǫȇȇŔʋȍǫȶȍʠȥȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
þơƎŔʽǫࡪ%ŔɭɽŔȇȍŔɭŔȟơȍǫˊŔʋʋŔˊǬȇŔȥǬɭʽơŹȶʂŔȍʋǬȍǬɭࡲ
%ŔɭɽŔȇʋɭơ˖ǫɽǫ Ender. ¶ȍƎʠȇƇŔɽǬȇࡲ
CiȍʋŔƇǬȇȍǬǐǬnjơȥǫʂȍơʋǫȍƎǫȇʋơȥɽȶȥɭŔȶɭnjŔȥȍŔɭ
ŔŹƎȶȟơȥơȇȶȥʠɭʽơƃǫȍʋȇŔɢŔʋǬȍǬɭࡲ

%ǫɭȍǫȇʋơ
òǬȇࡲ Ender.
ȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ

26
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Ä˖ơljŔnjʠɽʋɭơ˖ǫɽǫʽơþɭŔȇơŔɃ˖ơljŔnjǫŔȍbǫɽʋʧȍ

ࡧþɭŔȇơŔʽơɃ˖ơljŔnjʠɽnjơȍǫʂǫȟǫǫȥʋɭŔʠʋơɭǫȥࠃ-5
ǠŔljʋŔȍŔɭƎŔnjơɭƇơȇȍơʂǫɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇnjɃ˖ȍơȥơȥʋǫɢ࡫ɢɭȶȇɽǫȟŔȍɃ˖ơljŔnjǫŔȍŔʋɭơ˖ǫʽơ
ƎǫɽʋŔȍʋɭŔȇơŔɃ˖ơljŔnjơŔȍljǫɽʋʧȍŹʠȍʠȥȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧĵŔɭǬƎŔȥljŔ˖ȍŔʽŔȇŔƎŔơȇŹǫɭŔȥȶȟŔȍǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧĪŔʋơɭࢎĪơɭʋơŹɭŔ࡫Ŕȥʧɽ࡫ʋɭŔȇơŔ࡫ơɽȶɢǠŔnjʠɽ࡫èŔƎǫʠɽ
ʽơɭơȥŔȍŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ࢏ɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ

- áŔȍɢŔɽˊȶȥƎŔŁơˊʋǫȥ%ʠȍnjʠɽʠࢎ¶ȍǫʽơ࢏
áŔʋŔnjȥȶȟȶȥǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
- %ŔɭˊʠȟȍʠnjɭŔljǫƎơɢǫȍȶɭȇŔȥŔȍǬǫȥƃơʠ˖ʠȥƎʠɭࡲ
ࢎʋɭơȥˊȶȍʠŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ࢏
- čòeࢫƎơɢǫȍȶɭʠȥʠ˖ʠȥȍʠǐʠʽơȇŔȍǬȥȍǬǐǬɃȍƇʧȍơɭơȇ
ʋŔȥǬȇȶȥȟŔɽǬȟʧȟȇʧȥƎʧɭࡲ

- ĪŔʋơɭȍࢎĪơɭʋơŹɭŔȍ࡫ŔȥȶɭơȇʋŔȍ࡫ʋɭŔȇơŔȍ࡫ơɽȶljŔnjơŔȍ࡫
ɭơȥŔȍʽơˊŔɭŔƎǫŔȍŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ࢏ǫȍơŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơȍǫǐǫɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơnjɃŹơȇŔɭʋơɭǫʋơȇȶȍƎʠǐʠȥƎŔȥnjɃŹơȇ
ȟʠʋȍŔȇŔǫȥƃơȍơȥȟơȍǫƎǫɭ࡮
- qŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ʠȥʠơȇŔȥȶȟŔȍǫʽŔɭȍǬǐǬʽơ
ŔȇƃǫǐơɭɢɭȶŹȍơȟǫȥǫȥƎơɭơƃơɽǫȥǫŹơȍǫɭȍơɭࡲ
- %ơŹơȇŹơɽȍơȥǫɭȇơȥʂǫȇŔˊơʋȍơɭŔɭʋŔɭࡲ
- qʋǫɢǫŔʋɭơ˖ǫɽǫ˖ljǫɽʋʧȍȍơɭƎơŹơɽȍơȥȟơ ɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔ
ɽǫˊŔȥȶ˖ʽơɃȇɽʧɭʧȇȶȍʠɢˊʠʋȟŔɽǬȥȶɭȟŔȍƎǫɭࡲ

- ˊǬɭǬƃǬʋŔȥǬɽǬŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔɢǫȍȶɭǫȇŔʋɭơ˖ǫȍơɭ࡫
ࡧ%ơŹơȇȍơɭƎơƒčɢȶȍǫǠǫƎɭȶŔȟȥǫȶɽʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ ƎʠɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ࡫ƎʠȶƎơȥŔȍŔʋɭơ˖ǫ࡫‘ƒ%ò࡫ǠǫŔʋŔȍ
ĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥȍŔɭƎŔ࡫ŔǐǬ˖ƎŔȥɽŔŹʠȥȇɃɢʧǐʧʂơȇȍǫȥƎơ ǠơɭȥǫȍơɭʽơnjŔɽʋɭȶơȥʋơɭǫʋȍơɭnjǫɭơɭࡲ
ʋʧȇɭʧȇnjơȍǫɭࡲ%ǫɭȍǫȇʋơɃȇɽʧɭʧȇ࡫ƎǫɽɢȥơʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ - þơƎŔʽǫɽǫbɭơƎơʋ-èŔȟɽʋơƎɢǫȍȶɭȶȟˊȶʋȶȟǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ%ơŹơȇŹơɽȍơȥǫɭȇơȥʂǫȇŔˊơʋȍơɭŔɭʋŔɭࡲ - ȟơȍǫˊŔʋʋŔȥࠁɽŔŔʋɽȶȥɭŔȶɭŔȍŹơɽȍơȥȟơ
ࡧ÷ʧɢǠơȍơȥǫȍơȥʽŔȇŔȍŔɭƎŔȥŔ˖ȶnjŔɽʋɭǫȇɽȶȥƎŔǫȍơ ŹŔʂȍŔʋǬȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ȟǫƎơˊơʠȍŔʂǬȍǬɢʠȍŔʂŔȟŔƎǬǐǬȇȶȥʋɭȶȍơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧqʋǫɢǫŔʋɭơ˖ǫɽǫ˖ljʧɽʋʧȍȍơɭƎơŹơɽȍơȥȟơɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔ
ŹȶǐʠȍʠɭnjǫŹǫȶȍȟŔ࡫Ƀȇɽʧɭʧȇ࡫ɽǫˊŔȥȶ˖ŔʋŔȇȍŔɭǬ 7ʠȶƎơȥŔȍŔʋɭơ˖ǫʽơɽʋơȥȶ˖
ʠˊŔɭǬƃǬȶȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
- 7ʠȶƎơȥŔȍɽʋơȥȶ˖࡫ŔȥȥʠȍơɭɢŔȥȇɭơŔɽʽơ
ȟŔȍɭȶʋŔɽˊȶȥƎŔnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơɢŔɭɽǫˊơȍʋǬȇŔȥȟŔȶȍʠɭࡲ
qƒáFèþè¶bƒ‘ვ¶èòþF¥¶Łč - 7ʠȶƎơȥŔȍŔʋɭơ˖ǫƎơɽŔljɭŔȍǬȇʠɽȟŔʋǫɢǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
- 7ʠȶƎơȥŔȍŔʋɭơ˖ǫƎơnjơȥơȍƎơʋŔȟʋǬȇŔȥȟŔȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࡧqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥnjɃɭʧȍȟơɽǬȇȍǬǐǬह߿ࡲࠀ– ߿ࡲࠃƃǫʽŔɭǬȥƎŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧFɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơࠃȇŔʋƎŔǠŔljŔ˖ȍŔɭǫɽȇȶȍȟŔȇȍŔŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥहࠄ߿ࢫƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔɽǬǫȍȇƇȶƃʠȇʋʠɭࡲ
ࡧqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥʋǫɢǫȇȇȍǫȥǫǐǫǠŔˊŔʋǬȥࠂࡲʽơࠅࡲ
qŔljʋŔȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔȥljǬʂȇǬɭǬɭʋŔɭ˖ƎŔɽŔljɭŔɽǬ˖
ȇʠɽȟŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧqŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔnjȍʠȇʠɭȶȥǫȍʋɭŔȥɽljơɭŔ˖ơȇɽǫȇȍǫǐǫȥơŹŔǐȍǬ
indirơȇʋŹǫȍǫɭʠŹǫȥˊʧȇɽơȇʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ʠɽȟŔˊŔŹŔǐȍǬȶȍŔɭŔȇǠǫɢȶȇŔȍơȟǫȇǠǫɢȶȇȍȶɭơȟǫȇ
ȟơʋŔŹȶȍǫȇŔȍȇŔȍȶ˖njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

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- 7ʠȶƎơȥŔȍȟŔȍɭȶʋŔɽˊȶȥŹŔɭˊʠȟȍʠȍŔʽȟȟŔȥǫȍơ
ʋŔȥǬȥŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
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ŔɭŔɽǬ࢏ŹŔȥƎȍŔɭǬƎʠȶƎơȥʠȟʠɽǬȇǬʂʋǬɭǬɭࡲ•ŔƎƎ
ŔȟơȍǫˊŔʋǬŹŔȥƎȍŔɭǬȥȇơɽǫȍǫɢƎʠȶƎơȥʠȟʠȥ
ɽơɭŹơɽȍơʂʋǫɭǫȍȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
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Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
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ȇǬɽȟǬȥǬȥɢŔɭɽǫˊơȍʽơˊŔȇǬɽȟơȥǠŔȍȇŔnjǫŹǫ
ɽŔɭǬȍȟŔɽǬȥŔʽơɭǫȍơȥŔƎƎǬɭࡲ‘ȍǫȥǫǐǫȥƎơɽŔljɭŔȍǬȇʠɽȟŔ
ʋǫɢǫȇʋǫɭࡲ7ʠȶƎơȥŔȍŔʋɭơ˖ǫˊȍơŔˊɭǬƃǬʋŔȥǬˊŔnjǫɭơɭࡲ
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ɽǫnjȥࢩnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
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ʽơ ŹŔɭɽŔǐŔɽǬȇǬɽǬȇǬˊŔˊŔɢǬʂǬȇʋǬɭȍŔɭࡲ
ࡧeɃǐʧɽȇŔljơɽǫȥƎơȇǫƎʠɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ࡫ɽǬȇȍǬȇȍŔ
ɽȶȍʠȥʠȟɽǬȇǬȥʋǬɽǬȥŔȥơƎơȥȶȍʠɭࡲá-njɭŔljǫƎơ
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ࡧ7ʠɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭȍŔŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơơȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥŔȥȶȟŔȍǫ
ǠơȟǫʽơɭʋơŹɭŔƎǬɭࡲ
- ‘ŔɭǬȥǫƇǫƎʠɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭࡷŹŔɭɽŔȇʋǬȇŔȥǬȇȍǬǐǬ࡫
ʽȶȍʽʠȍʠɽ࡫ǫȥʽŔǿǫȥŔɽˊȶȥɽơŹơŹǫȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
- ¡ơȇŔȥˊʠȟɢơɭǫʋȶȥǫʋǫɽǫȥƎǫɭǫȟȇŔȥŔȍǬ
ʋǬȇŔȥǬȇȍŔɭǬȥǬȥˊʠȇŔɭǬɽǬȥƎŔȶȍʠʂŔȥ
ɢơɭljȶɭŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭƎŔȥɽȶȥɭŔȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭࡲ
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njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
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ȟơȇȶȥˊʠȟǫȍơʠɽʠnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
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ɽơnjȟơȥʋǫǫƇǫȥơnjǫɭȟơɽǫȥơʽơɭǫȍơȥŔƎƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇʋơɭȟǫȥŔȍǫȍơʠȟƎŔŹŔʂȍŔȟŔȇʋŔȶȍʠɢࠃ– ࠀ߿
ŔˊŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
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ࡧƒƎǫȶɢŔʋǫȇ
ࡧ•ơȥljŔƎơȥǫʋơŹŔǐȍǬˊŔ˖ŔˊȍŔɭǬȥƎŔŔɭʋŔȥ
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ȍơȥljȶɽŔɭȇȶȟŔ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

- eɃŹơȇơʋɭŔljǬȥƎŔɽȶɽǫɽʂơȇȍǫȥƎơȇǫʋȍơơȍơnjơȍǫɭ࡫
njơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơɽŔǐʧɽʋȇŔƎɭŔȥƎŔŹʠȍʠȥʠɭࡲ
- ‘ơɽǫȥʋŔȥǬŹŔɭˊʠȟȍʠȍŔʽȟŔȥȍŔȇȶȥʠɭ࡫ˊŔɭǬȟŔˊ
ʂơȇȍǫȥƎơƎȶȍȟŔƎơljơȇʋǫnjɃ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫƎơljȍȶɭȶɽȇȶɢǫŔȍʋǬȥƎŔࠈ߿ƃȟˊʧȇɽơȇʋơȥ
ȍŔʽȟŔȥˊŔɢǬȍǬɭ࡫ŹʠɽǬɭŔƎŔȇŔɭǬȥƎŔɢŔȍɢŔɽˊȶȥ
ˊŔɢǬȍȟŔȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ

Ī¶•Īč•čò

ࡧĪȶȍʽʠȍʠɽŹŔǐǬɭɽŔǐǬȥȇơȥƎǫƇơʽɭơɽǫȥƎơʽơˊŔŹŔʂȇŔ
ŹŔɭɽŔȇƇơʽɭơɽǫȥƎơƎɃȥơɭơȇƎʧǐʧȟȍơȥȟơɽǫȥơ
ʽơɭǫȍơȥŔƎƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧþǫɢǫȇŹŔɭɽŔȇʋǬȇŔȥǬȇȍǬǐǬŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ĵʧȇɽơȇʋǫɢʋơ ɭơȇʋʠȟɢʠŹȶɭơȇʋŔȍȇŔɽǬȥǬȥʧɽʋʧȥƎơ
ࡧ¡ơƃȇơȍƎǫʽơʋǫȇʠȍʠ࡫ȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍŹŔɭɽŔȇŹŔȥƎȍŔɭǬ࡫
ɽȶȥȍŔȥǬɭ࡫ơɭȇơȇʋơƎŔǠŔɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲFȥɽǬȇʋǫɢʋǫɭࡲ%ʠʋǫɢʋơ
ŹŔɭɽŔȇȟơ˖ȶɽʠȥƎŔȇǫȇǫɽʋȍơɭ࡫ȶȟljŔȍȶȟơ˖ơȥʋơɭǫȇ
ŔȥȶȟŔȍǫơʂȍǫȇơʋȟơȶȍŔɽǬȍǬǐǬƎŔǠŔljŔ˖ȍŔƎǬɭࡲ
ȇŔȥŔȍŔɭʋǬȇȍŔɭǬɽơŹơɢȍơɭǫŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ%ŔɭɽŔȇƎȶȍŔʂǬȟǬŹȶ˖ʠȍŔƃŔǐǬȥƎŔȥnjŔȥnjɭơȥ࡫ ȍƇŔȇʋǫɢʋơ ȇŔƎǬȥƎŔƎŔǠŔɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲFȥɽǬȇʋǫɢǫ
ɢơɭljȶɭŔɽˊȶȥʽơɢơɭǫʋȶȥǫʋŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬȶȍʠʂŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ ŔȥȶȇʠʋŔȥɃ˖ljǫɽʋʧȍƎʧɭࡲáʠŹȶɭơȇʋŔȍǫɽȇŔɽǬȥǬȥŔȍʋǬȥƎŔ
ɽȶȥȍŔȥǬɭࡲȥʧɽŹɃȍnjơɽǫȥƎơȇŔŹŔɭǬȇȍǬȇࢎŹŔʽʠȍɽŔɢǬ࢏
ŔȥʧɽơƎȶǐɭʠnjǫƎơȥljǫɽʋʧȍࢎǫȥƃǫŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ࢏ŔȍƇŔȇʋǫɢǫ
njɃɽʋơɭǫɭࡲ

- FʂȍǫȇơƎơȥŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ ࢇ˃ʠȄɷƟȄʄǨɝʄƟƌŔǝŔLJŔˏȊŔ࢈
- eĔòࡪ%ɃŹɭơȇŔnjơȥơ˖ǫɽǫ࡫ǠǫɢȶɽɢŔƎǫŔɽ࡫ŹɃŹɭơȇ
ƎǫɽɢȍŔ˖ǫɽǫ࡫ơɢǫɽɢŔƎǫŔɽ࡫ʽơ˖ǫȇŔȍơȇɽʋɭȶljǫ࡫ŹǫljǫƎ
ɽȇɭȶʋʠȟ
- ‘ŔȍɢʋơơȥɽǬȇljŔȍȍȶʋʋơʋɭŔȍȶǿǫɽǫʽơnjơȥǫʂĪò7
ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- ƒɽȇơȍơʋɽǫɽʋơȟǫȥƎơǠơȟǫʽơɭʋơŹɭŔ࡫ɽŔȇɭŔȍ
Ŕnjơȥơ˖ǫɽ࡫ɽɢǫȥŔŹǫljǫƎŔŹʠȍʠȥʠɭࡲ
- ĪþFèࡲ

ȥȶɭơȇʋŔȍ¡ŔȍljȶɭȟŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ ࡧbǫɽʋʧȍȍʧǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔƒĵFʽơȇȶȍȶȥƎŔȥȇȍȶɭ
ơȟǫȍǫȟǫȥơŹŔǐȍǬǠǫɢơɭȇȍȶɭơȟǫȇŔɽǫƎȶ˖ȟơˊƎŔȥŔ
ࡧqơɭˊơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥƎŔŔȥʧɽ
njơȍǫɭࡲ
ȥȶɭȟŔȍnjɃɭʧȥʧˊȶɭƎŔǠǫȶȍɽŔ
ࡧáʠŹȶȇȶȇɽǫnjơŔȍƇǫ˖njǫˊơnjɃɭơŔȍƇŔȇˊʧȇɽơȇʋǫɢ
ˊʠȟʠʂŔȇŹǫɭɽȶȥƎŔǫȍơˊŔƎŔ
ŔˊɭǬȟǬˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
ɢŔɭȟŔȇȍŔȇȶȥʋɭȶȍ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫƎơˊʧȇɽơȇʋǫɢʋơɃȥƃơȇȶȍȶɽʋȶȟǫŔƇǬȍǬɢࠀ
ơƎǫȍȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
ˊŔʂǬȥƎŔŔȥŔʋȶȟǫȇƎʧ˖ơȍʋȟơˊŔɢǬȍǬɭȇơȥŔȍƇŔȇʋǫɢʋơ
ࡧȥŔʋȶȟǫȇŹơȍǫɭȍơˊǫƃǫȶȍŔɭŔȇ
ɢơɭǫȥơŔȍˊŔȇȍŔʂǬȟʠˊnjʠȍŔȥǬɭࡲ
ɽơƇǫȍơȥɢʠŹȶȇȶȇɽǫnjơŔȍƇǫ˖njǫ
ࢎɢʠŹȶɭơȇʋŔȍȇŔɽ࢏ȥȶɭȟŔȍ
ƎǬʂȇǬȇȶȥʋɭȶȍʧȥƎơƇȶȇɃȥơȟȍǫƎǫɭʽơŹʠɽơʽǫˊơˊơ
njɃɭơˊʧȇɽơȇ࡫ŔȍƇŔȇˊŔƎŔŔɭŔŔȥȶɭơȇʋŔȍŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ
ʂơȇȍǫȥƎơɽǬȥǬljȍŔȟŔˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ

ĵʧȇɽơȇʋǫɢơɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭȇơȥ࡫ŔȍƇŔȇʋǫɢ
njơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơȇǬ˖ȍŔɭƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

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njɃɭʧȍȟơȇʋơȶȍʠɢʠˊȇʠˊŔȟơˊǫȍȍǫ࡫ȇŔɭǬȥʂǫʂȍǫǐǫ
njơȍǫʂơȥ࡫Źơɽȍơȥơȟơˊơȥ࡫ȇʠɽȟŔˊŔơǐǫȍǫȟȍǫ
ɢɭơȟŔʋʧɭơŹơŹơȇȍơɭƎơŔȇȍŔnjơȍȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
èǫɽȇbŔȇʋɃɭʧ
ࡧࠀࠄ߿߿njɭࢫƎŔȥƎʧʂʧȇŔǐǬɭȍǬȇȍǬŹơŹơȇȍơɭ
ࡧqˊŔȍơȥȟơȟŹɭŔȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
ࡧqǫɢơɭŹǫȍǫɭʠŹǫȥơȟǫ ȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơȇŔȥƎơǐǫʂǫȟǫ
ˊŔɢǬȍȟǬʂȍŔɭ
ࡧeɃŹơȇŔɭʋơɭʽơˊŔʽơȥǫȥƎơȇŔʋơʋơɭŹʠȍʠȥŔȥȍŔɭ
ࡧqǫɢơɭȶɽȟȶȍŔɭŹơɽȍơȥȟơ
- ĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥƎŔȇǫɽʋǫȇljǫŹɭȶ˖ǫɽǫȥơȥɃȥơȟȍǫɃȍʧȟ
ɽơŹơŹǫȟơȇȶȥˊʠȟǫȍơʠɽʠƎʠɭࡲ
- òǬȇȍǬȇȍŔǫȍơʠȟʽơȇȶȍȶȥƎŔnjɃ˖ȍơȥǫɭȍơɭࡲ
- FȥɃȥơȟȍǫɭŔƎˊȶnjɭŔljǫŹʠȍnjʠɽʠɢȥɃȟŔʋȶ˖ǫɽ
ǫȥʋơɽʋǫȥŔȍǫɽࢎŹŔɭɽŔȇƎʠʽŔɭǬȥƎŔnjŔ˖࢏ʽơɢȶɭʋŔȍ
ʽơȥƎơnjŔ˖njɃɭʧȥʧȟʧƎʧɭࡲ
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- qǬ˖ȍŔnjơȍǫʂơȥȟơʋŔŹȶȍǫȇŔɽǫƎȶ˖ʽơʋɭȶȟŹȶɽǫʋ
ɽŔˊǬɽǬȥǬȥŹǫɭƎơȥŹǫɭơŔ˖ŔȍȟŔɽǬŹŔɭɽŔȇʋŔnjŔȥnjɭơȥ
ƎʧʂʧȥƎʧɭʧɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơŔǐǬ˖ƎŔȥŹơɽȍơȥȟơƎʠɭƎʠɭʠȍŔɭŔȇ
ȥŔ˖ȶnjŔɽʋɭǫȇƎơȇȶȟɢɭơɽˊȶȥˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲzĪࡲòǬʽǬ࡫ʋȶʋŔȍ
ɢŔɭŔȥʋơɭŔȍȥʠʋɭǫɽˊȶȥ࡫ŔȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇʽơ7‘eǫȍơ
ʋŔȇǫŹǫˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
- áơɭǫʋȶȥƎŔɽơɭŹơɽʋǠŔʽŔ࡫ɢơɭǫʋȶȥǫʋ࡫ŔŹɽơ
ƎʧʂʧȥʧȍʧɭɽơŔƃǫȍȟʧƎŔǠŔȍơnjơɭơȇǫɭࡲ
‘ŔɭǬȥǐɭǬɽǬ¥ơƎơȥȍơɭǫ
ȇʠʋȇŔɭǬȥǬȥơȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥǫࠁˊŔʂʋŔȥȇʧƇʧȇȍơɭƎơ
ǫȥljŔǿǫȥŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ࠁˊŔʂʋŔȥŹʧˊʧȇȍơɭƎơŔȇʠʋ
ŔɢŔȥƎǫɽǫʋʋǫɭࡲ
- ȇʠʋɭȶȟŔʋǫ˖ȟŔȍŔʋơʂ
- qơȟɢƃǠɽƃǠȶȥȍơǫȥɢʠɭɢʠɭɽǬ
- ‘ʠɭʂʠȥ˖ơǠǫɭȍơȥȟơɽǫ
- áȶɭljǫɭǫ
- Fɢǫȍơɢɽǫ
- ǫȍơʽǫȇƎơȥǫ˖Ŕʋơʂǫ
- ĵŔȥɽǬˊŔȥŔǐɭǬ
- áơȍʽǫȇǫȥljȍŔȟȟŔʋʠŔɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇ
- ¶ɭŔȇǠʧƃɭơȍǫŔȥơȟǫ
- qǫɢơɭɢŔɭŔʋǫɭȶǫƎǫ
- qơȟŔȍǫʋǫȇĔɭơȟǫȇǿɽơȥƎɭȶȟ
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nedenidir.
- ɢơȥƎǫȇɽȍʧȟơȥǫȥǫȥʋǬȇŔȥȟŔɽǬơȥɃȥơȟȍǫ
sebebidir.
- FȥɽǬȇȟơ˖ơȥʋơɭǫȇȍơȥljŔƎơȥǫʋȍơȇŔɭǬʂǬȇࡲ
- ĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥȍŔɭƎŔŔɢŔȥƎǫȇɽʋŔŹŔȥǬƎŔǠŔnjơȥǫʂ
ȶȍƎʠǐʠǫƇǫȥʋǬȇŔȥȟŔȶȍŔɽǬȍǬǐǬƎŔǠŔŔ˖ƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ȍǫȥǫǐǫȥƎơnjɃŹơȇƇơʽɭơɽǫȥƎơȇɭŔȟɢʋŔɭ˖ǬȥƎŔŔǐɭǬ࡫
ǫʂʋŔǠɽǬ˖ȍǬȇ࡫ŹʠȍŔȥʋǬʽơȇʠɽȟŔȶȍʠɢƎŔǠŔɽȶȥɭŔŔǐɭǬ
ɽŔǐŔȍʋȇŔƎɭŔȥŔȍȶȇŔȍǫ˖ơȶȍʠɭࡲ
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ǫȥnjʠǫȥŔȍŹɃȍnjơɽǫȥơƎơɭǫȥɢŔȍɢŔɽˊȶȥˊŔɢǬȍǬȥƃŔ
ȇȶȍȶȥnjŔ˖ǬȥǬȥƇơȇʠȟƎŔnjơɭǫȥȍǫȇˊŔɢȟŔɽǬ
ȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơŔǐɭǬȶȍʠʂȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
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ŔȥǠǫƎɭȶɽǫɽ࢏njɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

þȶɭȶɽǫȇŹɃȍnjơƎơࡪ ʧɽʋʋȶɭȶɽǫȇʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭƎơƎǫɽɢȥơ࡫
ƎǫɽljŔǿǫ࡫Ƀȇɽʧɭʧȇ࡫ŔȇƃǫǐơɭơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ࡫ɽʠɢơɭǫȶɭ
ʽơȥŔȇŔʽŔɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠnjɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

‘ŔɭǬȥŹɃȍnjơɽǫȥƎơࡪ ɢŔȍɢŔŹȍȇǫʋȍơ࡫Ŕȥȶɭơȇɽǫ࡫ȇʠɽȟŔ࡫
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ࡧáŔɭŔɽɢǫȥŔȍɽơȟɢŔʋǫȇnjŔȥnjȍǫȶȥȍŔɭʽơŔƎɭơȥŔȍ
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- áơȍʽǫȇȇǫʋȍơ࡫ǫƎɭŔɭʽơnjŔˊʋŔǫȥȇȶȥʋǫȥŔȥɽǬ
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ɭʋȟǬʂȇŔʋơȇȶȍŔȟȟǫȥȍơɭơŹŔǐȍǬɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭࡪ
Teɭȍơȟơ࡫ljȍʠɽǠǫȥnj࡫ŹŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬ࡫ǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ
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ɽŔȍǬȥǬȟǬȥƎŔȥȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ

‘ʧƇʧȇˊʠʽŔɭȍŔȇȟŔʽǫǠʧƃɭơȍǫʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭ ĪzáǫȍǫʂȇǫȥɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭࡪ¥ɃɭȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ
ǠʧƃɭơȍơɭǫȥƎơȥɽŔȍnjǬȍŔȥŔȥơȥʋơɭȶǠȶɭȟȶȥȍŔɭ ࢎĪzá࢏
ࡧ¥ɃɭȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ ȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơ࡫ʋơƎŔʽǫˊơƎǫɭơȥƇȍǫɽʠȍʠǫɽǠŔȍ࡫ŔŹƎȶȟǫȥŔȍ
ࡧèŔŹƎȶȟˊȶɽŔɭȇȶȟ ƎǫɽʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥʽơǠǫɢȶȇŔȍơȟǫȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ơƎʠȍȍŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ ࢎ‘ơɭȥơɭ-¡ŔɭɭǫɽȶȥòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ࢏ǫˊǫɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ȍŔ
ࡧFˁǫȥnjòŔɭȇȶȟ ǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫƎǫɭࡲ¡Ŕʋʠɭǫʋơ njɃɽʋơɭǫɭࡲ
ࡧ7ơ˖ȟȶɢȍŔɽʋǫȇ‘ʧƇʧȇĵʠʽŔɭȍŔȇqʧƃɭơȍǫþʧȟɃɭ
ࡧòǫȥȶʽˊŔȍòŔɭȇȶȟŔ ȇʠʋȟˊȶȇȍȶȥǫȇơȥɽơljŔȍȶɢŔʋǫࡪ ¶ɢɽȶȇȍȶȥʠɽࢎqǬ˖ȍǬ
ࡧ‘ŔɭɽǫȥȶǫƎþʧȟɃɭ njɃ˖ǠŔɭŔȇơʋȍơɭǫ࢏ȟˊȶȇȍȶȥʠɽʽơnjɃʽƎơŔʋŔȇɽǫɽǫǫȍơ
ࡧ¡ơ˖ȶʋơȍˊȶȟŔ ȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲznjeʽơznj¡ʋǫɢǫȶʋȶŔȥʋǫȇȶɭȍŔɭǬȥ
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ࡧĭǫȍȟɽþʧȟɃɭʧ ɢơɭǫljơɭǫȇɽǫȥǫɭȍơɭƎơŹŔ˖ǬŔȇɽȶȥȍŔɭŔŹŔǐȍŔȥȟŔɽǬ
ࡧèơʋǫȥȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ ɽȶȥʠƃʠȶȍʠʂȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲƒˊǫɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖njɃɽʋơɭnjơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ʧƇʧȇqʧƃɭơȍǫ•ơȥljȶȟŔ
ࡧqơɢŔʋȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ
ࡧ¡ơɭȇơȍqʧƃɭơȍǫ‘Ŕȥɽơɭ
ࡧ¡ơ˖ơȥȇǫȟŔȍ‘ȶȥƎɭȶɽŔɭȇȶȟ

ĵơɭȍơʂǫȟˊơɭǫ

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ŔƎɭơȥŔȍŹơ˖࡫njɃǐʧɽŹȶʂȍʠǐʠ࡫ɢơȍʽǫɽ࡫ŹȶˊʠȥʽơȇŔljŔ
njơȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧFȥˊŔˊnjǬȥŹŔʂʽʠɭʠɽơȟɢʋȶȟʠŔɽơȟɢʋȶȟŔʋǫȇ
ŔŹƎȶȟǫȥŔȍȇǫʋȍơƎǫɭࡲ FʽɭơȍơȥƎǫɭȟơ
ࡧ‘ȍǫȥǫȇŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭʋʧȟɃɭʧȥɢɭǫȟơɭŔȥŔʋȶȟǫȇŹɃȍnjơɽǫ
ʽơˊŔȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ˊŔɢʋǬǐǬŹɃȍnjơˊơnjɃre FĪèFࠀࡪ ‘ɃȇơȥŔȍƎǬǐǬȶɭnjŔȥƎŔȍȶȇŔȍǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ
ƎơǐǫʂȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ FĪèFࠁࡪ þʧȟɃɭȶɭnjŔȥǬŔʂȟǬʂʋǬɭŔȥƃŔȇȶɭʋŔǠŔʋʋǬ
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 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

FĪèFࠃࡪ 7ǫɽɽơȟǫȥơʋʧȟɃɭ࡫ʠ˖ŔȇȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
FĪèFࠃɽࡪ‘ʧƇʧȇɢɭǫȟơɭʋʧȟɃɭ࡫ȇơȟǫȇǫȍǫǐǫ࡫Ǝơɭǫʽơ
ȇŔɭŔƃǫǐơɭƎơɽǬȥǬɭȍǬȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲòɢȶȥʋŔȥ
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þơƎŔʽǫ

- FʽɭơࠀࢫƎơƃơɭɭŔǠǫʋơȇŹŔʂǬȥŔˊơʋơɭȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
- ‘ơȟȶʋơɭŔɢǫFʽɭơࠁ࡫ࠂ࡫ࠃࢫƎơʠˊnjʠȍŔȥǬɭࡲࢎĪǫȥƃɭǫɽʋǫȥ࡫
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þʧȟɃɭ%ơȍǫɭʋơƇȍơɭǫ

- ƒƎɭŔɭƎŔȇŔʋơȇȶȍŔȟǫȥȍơɭŔɭʋŔɭࢎĪŔȥǫȍȟŔȥƎơȍǫȇasit
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- òơɭʠȟƎŔȥɃɭȶȥɽɢơɽǫljǫȇơȥȶȍŔ˖ࢎ¥òF࢏࡫ljơɭɭǫʋǫȥ࡫
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- ˊɭǬƃǬʋŔȥǬƎŔɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơŔȇʠʋơɢǫƎǫƎǫȟȶɭʂǫʋʽơ
ŔɢɢơȥƎǫˉ ʋơɽʋǫɽʋȶɭɽǫˊȶȥʠȟȍŔȇŔɭǬʂǬɭࡲ
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ƒĵƒ KÖTÜ
ࡧþơɭŔʋȶȟ
ĵŔʂ ऒࠁˊŔʂ ऑࠁˊŔʂ
ࡧ7ǫŔljɭŔnjȟŔqơɭȥǫɽǫ
Fʽɭơ ࠀ࡫ࠁ࡫ࠃɽ 3–4 ࡧ¶ŹɽʋɭʠȇʋǫljʠɭȶɢŔʋǫȍơɭ
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ȟơƎǫŔɽʋơȥ࡫ ɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȍơɭǫȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫȥƎơʋŔȥǬȇȶȥʠȍƎʠǐʠȥƎŔơȥ
ɢơȍʽǫɽ ˊŔȇǬȥ˖ŔȟŔȥǫƇǫȥƎơŔȟơȍǫˊŔʋɢȍŔȥȍŔȥȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡳ
࢏ƒȥȟơȟǫʂʋơɽʋǫɽ
ƒá7F•Fòĵ¶¥č ĵȶȇ Var
%࢏qǫƎɭȶɽơȍ
¥òF ¥ȶɭȟŔȍ ĵʧȇɽơȇ -࢏ƒȥnjʠǫȥŔȍqơɭȥǫ
7࢏Kordon Kisti
þF•¶¡FèŁ F࢏qǫɢȶɽɢŔƎǫŔɽ
7ʧʂʧȇ ĵʧȇɽơȇ
‘þƒĪƒþFòƒ

þFòþƒòþ¶èòƒĵ¶¥č
- þơɽʋǫɽǫȥȇȶɭƎȶȥˊŔɢǬȍŔɭǬȥǬȥʋơɽʋǫɽǫȥŹơɽȍơȥȟơɽǫȥǫ
Źȶ˖ŔƃŔȇȇŔƎŔɭƎɃȥȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
- ‘ȍǫȥǫǐơʂǫƎƎơʋȍǫʋơɽʋǫȇʧȍơɭŔǐɭǬˊȍŔŹŔʂʽʠɭʠɭȍŔɭࡲ
ÄƎơȟʽơơɭǫʋơȟnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ¶ȍŔˊŹŔʂȍŔƎǬȇʋŔȥɽȶȥɭŔȇǫ
ࠀࠁɽŔŔʋǫƇǫȥƎơƎơʋȶɭɽǫˊȶȥơơƎǫȍơȥȍơɭƎơ
ljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭŹʧˊʧȇȶɭŔȥƎŔƎʧ˖ơȍǫɭࡲ
ƒȥnjʠǫȥŔȍqơɭȥǫȍơɭ
- 1ȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔȇǫǫȥnjʠǫȥŔȍǠơɭȥǫȍơɭnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơǫȥƎǫɭơȇʋ
ʋǫɢʋơƎǫɭࡲ
- FɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơʽơɽŔǐƎŔƎŔǠŔɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơŔǐɭǬʽơǬȇǬȥȟŔˊȍŔȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇǬɢ
ɽȶȥɭŔƎŔȥȇŔˊŹȶȍŔȥȇŔɽǬȇʂǫʂȇǫȥȍǫǐǫʂơȇȍǫȥƎơ
ȇơȥƎǫȥǫnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭࡲ
- òǫȍȇòǫnjȥ࡫ ǫʂŔɭơʋɢŔɭȟŔǐǬǫȥnjʠǫȥŔȍȇŔȥŔȍʧ˖ơɭǫȥơ
ƎǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇȇȶˊʠȍʠɢɽŔǐŔ-ɽȶȍŔǠŔɭơȇơʋơʋʋǫɭǫȍƎǫǐǫ

32
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

˖ŔȟŔȥ࡫ǠơɭȥǫȇơɽơɽǫȥǫȥȇŔɭʂǬȍǬȇȍǬˊʧ˖ȍơɭǫȥǫȥ
ɽʧɭʋʧȥȟơɽǫǠǫɽɽơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
- Ä˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơȇʧƇʧȇƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔǫȥȇŔɭơɭŔɽˊȶȥɭǫɽȇǫ
ljŔ˖ȍŔȶȍƎʠǐʠǫƇǫȥʋơɽŹǫʋ ơƎǫȍƎǫȇʋơȥɽȶȥɭŔơȥȇǬɽŔ
ɽʧɭơƎơƃơɭɭŔǠǫʋơƎŔʽǫˊŔɢǬȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
- òʋɭŔnjʧȍŔɽˊȶȥnjơȍǫʂʋǫǐǫȥǫȥŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫࡪŔʋơʂ࡫ȇǫʋȍơ
ʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơɃƎơȟʽơǠǫɢơɭơȟǫƎǫɭࡲ

čȟŹǫȍǫȇŔȍqơɭȥǫ

ࡧƒȍȇŔˊȍŔɭƎŔŹơŹơȇȍơɭǫȥहࠃࢫʧȥƎơŹʠȍʠȥʠɭࡲ
ࡧहࠇࠄࢫǫȇơȥƎǫȍǫǐǫȥƎơȥȇŔɢŔȥǬɭࡲ
• 3 – ࠃˊŔʂŔȇŔƎŔɭʋŔȇǫɢơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧbŔȇŔʋɢơɭljȶɭŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ǫȥȇŔɭɽơɭŔɽˊȶȥ࡫njɃŹơȇljǬʋǬǐǬˊȍŔ
ǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫȶȍƎʠǐʠȇơɽǫȥȶȍŔȥŔǐɭǬnjǫŹǫƎʠɭʠȟȍŔɭƎŔࠃ
ˊŔʂʋŔȥɃȥƃơƃơɭɭŔǠǫʋơƎŔʽǫnjơɭơȇǫɭࡲ

òȶɭʠ
ࠁ࢏qǫƎɭȶɽơȍɽŔɢʋŔȥŔȥŹǫɭˊơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥƎŔơȥ
ʠˊnjʠȥˊŔȇȍŔʂǬȇŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫƎǫɭࡳ
࢏FɭȇơȥƃơɭɭŔǠǫʋơƎŔʽǫ
%࢏ࠀˊŔʂǬȥŔȇŔƎŔɭʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫ˖ǫ˖ȍơȟ
-࢏‘ŔɽǬȇŹŔǐǬȇʠȍȍŔȥȟŔ
7࢏ƒǐȥơǫȍơŔɽɢǫɭŔɽˊȶȥ
F࢏òȇɭȶʋŔȍơȍơʽŔɽˊȶȥ

33
Küçük Stajlar | 3. Kulak, Burun, Boğaz

Kulak, Burun,
Boğaz

34
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

3. Kč•‘%čèč¥%¶hŁ (KBB)

ǐǬ˖•ơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ

ljʋɃ˖Ĕȍɽơɭȍơɭ
- eơȥơȍɢŔɢʧȍŔɽˊȶȥहࠃ߿ࢫǬȥƎŔnjɃɭʧȍơȥŹʠȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭ
ƎŔǠŔƇȶȇˊŔʂŔȟǬȥǫȍȇǫȇǫƎơȇŔƎǬȥƎŔȶɭʋŔˊŔ
ƇǬȇȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲǐɭǬȍǬʽơʋơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊǬƃǬŹʠȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥ
ƇɃȍˊŔȇ࡫ǫȥljȍŔȟȟŔʋʠŔɭ ŹŔɭɽŔȇǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬʽơ
%ơǠƇơʋqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬǫȍơǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫȶȍƎʠǐʠ
ƎʧʂʧȥʧȍȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ
- 1ơʽɭơȍơɭǫȥƎơǫȥƃơŹǫɭơȇɽʧƎŔʋŔŹŔȇŔɽǬȶȍŔȥɽǬǐ
ǠǫɢơɭơȟǫȇȶȍŔȥŹʠȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭŹǫɭˊŔƎŔŹǫɭƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔ
ȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

Genellikle 7 – ࠃࠂNJʠȢǨƅǨȢƌƟȄƟȢƌǨȊǨǍǨȢƌƟȢǨ˃ǨȊƟɻƟȢ
ŸʙȊƟˏ˃ȲȢȊŔɧʄƟȄɧŔɧȊŔ˃ŔŸǨȊǨɧࡲ

•ɃȇȶɢȍŔȇǫȥǫȥơȥɃȥơȟȍǫɭǫɽȇljŔȇʋɃɭʧ ʋʧʋʧȥʽơ
ɽǫnjŔɭŔʋʧȇơʋǫȟǫƎǫɭࢇǨƅȜƟʶƟƅǨǍȢƟȜƟ࢈ࡲहࠄ– ࠀࠄ
ȇŔƎŔɭǬȥƎŔɽȇʠŔȟɃ˖ǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔȥɽơɭnjơȍǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
Ä˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơƎʠƎŔȇʽơƎǫȍȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥƎŔɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ

FɭǫʋɭȶɢȍŔȇǫ

qơɭɢơʋǫȇʧȍɽơɭȍơɭŔǐǬ˖ŹȶʂȍʠǐʠȥʠȥơȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥ
ʽǫɭŔȍơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬƎǬɭࡲ
‘ŔɭƎǫƎǫŔ˖ǫɽŔǐǬ˖ŹȶʂȍʠǐʠȥʠȥơȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥljʠȥnjŔȍ
ơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ
•ɃȇŔɢȍŔȇǫˊơŹơȥ˖ơɭȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭƎơȇǫŹʠȍơ˖ˊȶȥ
ˊʧ˖ơˊƎơȥȇŔŹŔɭǬȇ࡫ ȇǬɭȟǬ˖Ǭ࡫ȇɃʋʧɽǬȥǬɭȍǬ࡫ȥȶȥ-
ȇơɭŔʋǫȥǫ˖ơƇȶȇȇŔʋȍǬơɢǫʋơȍǫȥǫȥɽǫʋʠȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟʠȥŔ
ƎơȥǫɭࡲFȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍƎʧǐʧȍȶȇŔȍǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭŔǐǬ˖
ʋŔŹŔȥǬ࡫ˊʠȟʠʂŔȇƎŔȟŔȇʽơƎǫȍǫȥʽơȥʋɭȶȍŔʋơɭŔȍ
ɽǬȥǬɭǬȥƎŔ ǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ

•ɃȇȶɢȍŔȇǫ žŔȊǨNJȢȊƟɻȜƟȲɧŔȢǩȊȾȄȲɝȊŔȄǨ˃ƟNJȾɧƟƅȲȄƌŔǝŔ
LJŔˏȊŔȲȊʙɝ˃ŔȄȊŔɻǩȄटࠇࠂƂǨʶŔɧǩȢƌŔƌǩɧࡲ
•ɃȇȶɢȍŔȇǫŔȍʋʋŔˊŔʋŔȥŹơȍǫɭȍǫŹǫɭȥơƎơȥȶȍȟŔȇɽǬ˖Ǭȥ
ơɢǫƎơɭȟǫɽʋơȇŔȍǬȥȍŔʂȟŔȶȍʠʂʋʠɭŔȥŹơˊŔ˖ ɢȍŔȇʽơ
ˊŔȟŔȍŔɭȍŔȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơǫˊǫɽǬȥǬɭȍǬȍơ˖ˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲ
áɭơȟŔȍǫnjȥȶȍŔȥŹʠȍơ˖ˊȶȥƎŔˊŔȇȍŔʂǬȇहࠄ– 10
ȇŔƎŔɭȟŔȍǫnjȥȍơʂȟơɢȶʋŔȥɽǫˊơȍǫȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ

qŔǫɭˊ•ɃȇȶɢȍŔȇǫ

FʋȇơȥǫEBV ȶȍŔȥŹʠȍơ˖ˊȶȥƎŔǠŔƇȶȇz7òࢫȍǫ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭʽơɢɭơȇŔȥɽơɭɃ˖ Ƀ˖ơȍȍǫȇ
njɃɽʋơɭȟơ˖ࡲ

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ࡧòȇʠŔȟɃ˖ǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟ ŔǐǬ˖Źȶʂȍʠǐʠ
ȇȶȥɽơɭȍơɭǫȥǫȥŹʧˊʧȇȇǬɽȟǬȥǬȶȍʠʂʋʠɭȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ¶ɭʋŔȍŔȟŔnjɃɭʧȍȟơˊŔʂǬࠃ߿ʽơʧɽʋʧƎʧɭࡲeơƇʋŔȥǬ
ŔȍȟŔȍŔɭǬȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơȟȶɭʋŔȍǫʋơȍơɭǫȶȍƎʠȇƇŔ
ˊʧȇɽơȇʋǫɭࡲ
èǫɽȇljŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫ
• TüʋʧȥȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬ
ࡧʂǬɭǬŔȍȇȶȍȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬ
• •ɃȇȶɢȍŔȇǫ
• qáĪʋǫɢࠀࠅ࡫ࠀࠇ
• ‘ɭȶȥǫȇǫɭɭǫʋŔɽˊȶȥ
• áȍʠȟȟơɭʽǫȥɽȶȥɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
• ȇʋǫȥǫȇȇơɭŔʋȶ˖
• èŔƎˊŔɽˊȶȥ
oÚġÚȲˏǨʄǨLJʄʠȜȾɧȊƟɧǨȢɝɧȲNJȢȲˏʙoÚġ¢ƟNJŔʄǨLJ
ʄʠȜȾɧȊƟɧǨȢɝɧȲNJȢȲˏʙȢƌŔȢƌŔǝŔǨ˃ǨƌǨɧࡲ
FȥƇȶȇŔȍʋƎʠƎŔǐǬȥȍŔʋơɭŔȍ ɽǬȥǬɭȍŔɭǬ࡫ŔǐǬ˖ʋŔŹŔȥǬʽơ
ǠŔɭȇơʋȍǫƎǫȍǫȥȍŔʋơɭŔȍ ɽǬȥǬɭȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȥnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
- eơȍǫʂǫȟȍơɭǫȥǫȥǫȍȇŔʂŔȟŔɽǬȥƎŔơȇ˖ȶljʋǫȇŹʧˊʧɭȍơɭ
ʽơɢŔȍɢŔŹȍȥȶƎʧȍȍơɭȶȍʠʂʋʠɭʠɭȍŔɭࡲ
- 7ŔǠŔƇȶȇȇơɭŔʋǫȥǫ˖ơǫˊǫƎǫljơɭŔȥɽǫˊơ ʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭƎǫɭࡲ
qǬ˖ȍŔȍơȥljŔʋǫȇʋʠʋʠȍʠȟˊŔɢŔɭȍŔɭࡲ•ơȥljȥȶƎʠ
ȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ȍŔɭǬȥǬǫȍȇǿʠnjʠȍȶƎǫnjŔɽʋɭǫȇŹɃȍnjơɽǫȥƎơȇǫ
ȍơȥljȥȶƎȍŔɭǬȥŔˊŔɢŔɭȍŔɭࡲ•ơȥljȥȶƎʠȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ǬʋŔȥǬ
ŔȥǬȥƎŔƎǫȍȇɃȇơȥȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟȍŔɭƎŔहࠄ߿࡫ŔǐǬ˖ʋŔŹŔȥǬ
ȇŔˊȥŔȇȍǬȍŔɭƎŔ हࠅ߿ࢫǬȥʧɽʋʧȥƎơƎǫɭࡲ
¶ƎȶȥʋȶȟŔ
¡ǫȥơ࡫ƎơȥʋǫȥɽơȟơȥʋʽơŹŔǐƎȶȇʠɽʠˊŔɢǬȍŔɭǬ
ǫƇơɭơȥ࡫ƎȶȇʠƎơǐǫʂǫȟǫȥơʠǐɭŔȟǬʂȶƎȶȥʋȶǿơȥǫȇ
ʋʧȟɃɭȶȍŔɭŔȇʋŔȥǬȟȍŔȥȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲòŔˊǬɽŔȍȶȍŔɭŔȇơȥɽǬȇ
ǫ˖ȍơȥơȥȶƎȶȥʋȶǿơȥǫȇʋʧȟɃɭƎʧɭࡲeơɭƇơȇŹǫɭ
ʋʧȟɃɭƎơȥƇȶȇǠŔȟŔɭʋȶȟȶȍŔɭŔȇȇŔŹʠȍơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
36
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
ȟơȍȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ
हࠇ߿ȟŔȥƎǫŹʠȍơɭŹɃȍnjơˊǫʋʠʋŔȥȶƎȶȥʋȶǿơȥǫȇ
ơɢǫʋơȍˊʠȟȇŔˊȥŔȇȍǬ࡫ˊŔʽŔʂŹʧˊʧˊơȥ࡫ȇǫɽʋǫȇ࡫ ȍȶȇŔȍ
ŔnjɭơɽǫljȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭȍǫࠂ– ࠃࡲ7ơȇŔƎǬȥŹơȥǫnjȥ
ʋʧȟɃɭʧƎʧɭࡲ
eȶɭȍǫȥòơȥƎɭȶȟʠࢎ¥ơʽȶǫƎŹŔɽŔȍǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟ
ɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ࢏
¶ʋȶ˖ȶȟŔȍƎȶȟǫȥŔȥʋnjɃɭʧȍơȥŹʠɽơȥƎɭȶȟơɭȇơȥ
ˊŔʂʋŔƇȶȇɽŔˊǬƎŔŹŔ˖ŔȍǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟ
njơȍǫʂǫȟǫˊȍơŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơȇơȟǫȇ࡫ɽǫȥǫɭ࡫njɃ˖ʽơʧɭơȟơ
ȶɭnjŔȥȍŔɭǬȥƎŔŔȥȶɭȟŔȍȍǫȇǫƇơɭơȥŹǫɭɽơȥƎɭȶȟƎʠɭࡲ
áŔʋƃǠơƎࢎáþ-࢏ŔƎȍǬʋʧȟɃɭɽʠɢɭơɽɽȶɭnjơȥƎơ
ȟʠʋŔɽˊȶȥŹʠȍʠȥʠɭࡲ
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ƃơɭɭŔǠǫɽǫơɽȥŔɽǬȥƎŔljŔɽǫŔȍɽǫȥǫɭơ ƎǫȇȇŔʋ
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- qŔɽɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔɽơɽǫȥʋȶȍơɭŔȥɽǬࢎɭơȇɭʠǫʋȟơȥʋ࢏ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- ĪơɭʋǫnjȶŔʋŔȇȍŔɭǬŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔǫʂǫʋȟơƎơɢɭȶŹȍơȟ
ˊȶȇʋʠɭࡲ
- ĪơɭʋǫnjȶŔʋŔȇȍŔɭǬࡷŔȥǫŹŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇȍǬƎǬɭʽơȇʠɽȟŔơʂȍǫȇ
ơƎơɭࡲ
- ‘ʠȍŔȇʋŔƎȶȍnjʠȥȍʠȇʽơŹŔɽǬȥƇǠǫɽɽǫȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ
- ¡ơȥǫơɭơǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥƎŔȇʠȍŔȇʋŔŔǐɭǬȶȍȟŔ˖ࡲ
þơƎŔʽǫ
- 7ǫˊơʋʋơȇǫʋʠ˖Ŕ˖ŔȍʋǬȍǬɢɢȶʋŔɽˊʠȟƎŔ˖ơȥnjǫȥnjǬƎŔȍŔɭ
ŔȍǬȥȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
- ¡ơƎǫȇŔȍࡷ7ǫȟơȥǠǫƎɭǫȥŔʋࡪòòòࢫˊơnjơƇơȥŹǫɭǫȥƃǫ
ȇʠʂŔȇŔȥʋǫǠǫɽʋŔȟǫȥǫȇȶȍŔȥǫȍŔƇŔȥʋǫȇȶȍǫȥơɭǿǫȇ
ơʋȇǫȍơɭǫȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơʽơɭʋǫnjȶʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭȍŔɭࡲ
- bơȥȶʋǫŔ˖ǫȥnjɭʠŹʠŔȥʋǫɢɽǫȇȶʋǫȇȍơɭࡪȥʋǫȇȶȍǫȥơɭǿǫȇ
39
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
ʽơŔȥʋǫǠǫɽʋŔȟǫȥǫȇơʋȇǫȍơɭǫȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơŹʠǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥ
ʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭȍŔɭࡲ
- òȇȶɢȶȍŔȟǫȥ
- %ơʋŔǠǫɽʋǫƎǫȥࢇoǨɷʄŔȜǨȢŔȢŔȊȲNJʙ࢈
- þʠ˖ɽʠ˖ʽơɢȶʋŔɽˊʠȟƎơɽʋơȇȍǫƎǫơʋ࡫ɽơʋŔ˖ȶȍŔȟǫƎ
-ơɭɭŔǠǫ
7ǫɭơȥƇȍǫȶȍnjʠȍŔɭƎŔơȥƎȶȍơȥljŔʋǫȇɽŔȇ
ƎơȇŔȟɢȶɭơɽˊȶȥʠ࡫ǫȥʋɭŔʋǫȟɢŔȥǫȇȇȶɭʋǫȇȶɽʋơɭǫȶǫƎ
ơȥǿơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠ࡫ʽơɽʋǫŹʠȍʠɭŔŹȍŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ʽơɽʋǬŹʠȍơɭɽǫȥǫɭ
ȇơɽǫɽǫ࡫ȍŔŹǫɭơȥʋơȇʋȶȟǫࡲ
ƒ•Fþƒ¡þƒáƒƒ÷ƒþ¡F‘ĵzá•èz
ࡧ7ǬʂȇʠȍŔȇˊȶȍʠȥʠƎȶȍƎʠɭŔȥŹʠʂȶȥ
ࡧ7ǬʂȇʠȍŔȇˊȶȍʠȥʠȥȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍʽơˊŔŔȇȇǫ˖Ŕʋɭơ˖ǫɽǫ
ࡧ7ǬʂȇʠȍŔȇˊȶȍʠȥʠƎȶȍƎʠɭŔȥɢȶȍǫɢʽơʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭ
ࡧFȇ˖ȶɽʋȶ˖
ࡧ%ʠȍȍȶ˖ȟǫɭǫȥǿǫʋ
ࡧ‘ʠȍŔȇ˖ŔɭǬɢơɭljȶɭŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
ࡧ‘ɭȶȥǫȇ࡫ŔȇʠʋɽʠɢȶɭŔʋǫljʽơɽơȇɭơʋʠŔɭȶʋǫʋǫɽȟơƎǫŔ
ࡧ‘ơȟǫȇƇǫȇ˖ǫȥƃǫɭƎơljǫȇɽŔɽˊȶȥˊŔɢŔȥɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȍơɭ
ࢎȶʋȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖ʽơʋǫȟɢŔȥȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖࢏
¶ʋȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖
- òʋŔɢơɽʋŔŹŔȥǬȥǬȥ
ljǫȇɽŔɽˊȶȥʠ ɽȶȥʠƃʠ
ǫȍơʋǫȟʋǫɢǫǫʂǫʋȟơ
ȇŔˊŹǬˊȍŔ
ȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơȶʋǫȇ
ȇŔɢɽʧȍʧȥɢɭǫȟơɭ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬƎǬɭʽơ
ɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇ
ɽɢȶȥnjǫɃ˖ȇơȟǫȇȶȍʠʂʠȟʠʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- ¶ʋȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖ȍŔŹǫɭơȥʋȇŔɢɽʧȍʧȥɢɭǫȟơɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬƎǬɭࡲ
- bȍȶɭơȇɽǫȇȍǫǐǫ࡫Ƈǫȥȇȶơȇɽǫȇȍǫǐǫʽơ ŔǫȍơʽǫnjơƇǫʂ
ȶʋȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖njơȍǫʂǫȟǫȥƎơɃȥơȟȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
- áɭȶnjɭơɽǫljɽơˊǫɭnjɃɽʋơɭơȥǫȍơʋǫȟʋǫɢǫʽơˊŔȟǫȇɽʋ
ʋǫɢʋơȇǫǫʂǫʋȟơȇŔˊŹǬǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥǬȥơȥɃȥơȟȍǫ
ɽơȟɢʋȶȟʽơŹʠȍnjʠɽʠƎʠɭࡲ
- þơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊŔȥʽơɭʋǫnjȶʽơˁǫȍȍǫɽɢŔɭŔȇʠ˖ǫɽǫ
ࢎnjʧɭʧȍʋʧȍʧȶɭʋŔȟƎŔƎŔǠŔǫˊǫƎʠˊȟŔ࢏ɽƃǠˁŔɭʋ˖ơ
ŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫࢎȶʋȶɽȇȶɢȟʠŔˊơȥơɽǫȥƎơɢɭȶȟȶʋȶɭˊʠȟ
ʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơǠǫɢơɭơȟǫnjɃɭʧȍȟơɽǫŔȇʋǫljǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
njɃɽʋơɭǫɭ࢏ʋǫȥȥǫʋʠɽ
- ¶ʋȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖ƎŔȟơȥǫơɭơǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬnjǫŹǫȇʠȍŔȇȍŔŔǐɭǬ
ȶȍȟŔ˖ࡲ
þơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơɽʋŔɢơƎơȇʋȶȟǫ ˊŔɢǬȍŔɭŔȇǫȥȇʠɽʽơȶʽŔȍ
ɢơȥƃơɭơŔɭŔɽǬȥŔʋơljȍȶȥɢǫɽʋȶȥȇȶȥʠȍʠɭࡲ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

ȇʠʋòʠɢʠɭŔʋǫlj¶ʋǫʋǫɽ¡ơƎǫŔ
- FȥɽǬȇࠅ– ࠀࠁŔˊȍŔɭŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ¶ɭʋŔȇʠȍŔȇ
ȟʠȇȶ˖ŔɽǬʽơȟŔɽʋȶǫƎǠʧƃɭơȍơɭǫȥơȥljơȇʋǫlj
ǫȥljȍŔȟŔɽˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ
- Fȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơࢎहࠈࠄ࢏ȥŔɽȶljŔɭơȥȇɽʋơȥ
ɃɽʋŔȇǫƇơʽɭơɽǫȥƎơȇǫȍơȥljŔʋǫȇȍơɭˊȶȍʠˊȍŔŔɽơƎŔȥ
njơȍǫɭࡲ

Fʋȇơȥȍơɭǫ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥòࡲáȥɃȟȶȇȶȇȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
7z÷ ‘č•‘ĵ¶•čáþ¶•¶ƒ•Fèƒ ࡧ7ǫǐơɭȍơɭǫqࡲƒȥljȍʠơȥ˖Ŕ࡫¡ȶɭŔȇɽơȍȍŔȇŔʋŔɭŔȍǫɽʽơòࡲ
áˊȶnjơȥơɽʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧFȇɽʋơɭȥŔȍȶʋǫʋ ࡧࠄˊŔʂŔȍʋǬƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔqࡲƒȥljȍʠơȥ˖ŔɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ࡧ7ǬʂȇʠȍŔȇˊȶȍʠȥƎŔŔǐɭǬʽơȇŔʂǬȥʋǬʂǫȇŔˊơʋǫˊȍơ
ŹŔʂʽʠɭʠɭȍŔɭࡲ ÄɽʋŔȇǫʋʧɢʧƎǫɽljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥʠơȥɃȥơȟȍǫȥơƎơȥƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ%ʠʂȶȥ
ࡧ‘ʠȍŔȇˊȶȍʠȥƎŔȇŔȥŔȟŔ
ࡧFɭȶ˖ˊȶȥ
ࡧ‘ʠȍŔǐǬȥȥơȟȍǫȇŔȍȟŔɽǬơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȶȍʠʂȟŔɽǬȥŔ
ȇȶȍŔˊȍŔʂʋǬɭǬƃǬljŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭƎơȥƎǫɭࡲ

- ƒ˖ȶȍơơȇɽʋơɭȥŔȍȶʋǫʋǫȥơȥɽǬȇɽơŹơŹǫòࡲʠɭơʠɽʋʠɭࡲ
- 7ǬʂȇʠȍŔȇˊȶȍʠȥƎŔȇǫƎǫǐơɭơʋȇơȥȍơɭɽǬȇȍǬȇȍŔáࡲ
ơɭʠnjǫȥȶɽŔ࡫áɭȶʋơʠɽʽʠȍnjŔɭǫɽʽơɽʋɭơɢʋȶȇȶȇȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- ȇʠʋƎɃȥơȟƎơȇʠȍŔȇʋŔȇǫɃƎơȟǫŔ˖ŔȍʋǬƃǬ
ŔȍʧȟǫȥˊʠȟɽʠŹŔɽơʋŔʋहࠁ– ࠃʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
- ɽǫƎǫȇŔȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇȍǫƎŔȟȍŔɭࢎŔȟǫȥȶnjȍǫȇȶ˖ǫƎʽơ
ȇǫȥȶȍȶȥ࢏ʽơɭǫȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
- 7ŔǠŔɽȶȥɭŔȇȶɭʋǫ˖ȶȥȍʠŔȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇȍǫƎŔȟȍŔȍŔɭ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ

¡ŔȍǫnjȥFȇɽʋơɭȥŔȍ¶ʋǫʋ
èǫɽȇbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫ
ࡧFʋȇơȥǫȥơȥɽǬȇáࡲơɭʠnjǫȥȶɽŔȶȍƎʠǐʠȟŔȍǫnjȥ
ơȇɽʋơɭȥŔȍȶʋǫʋǫȟȟʠȥɽʠɢɭơɽơǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ ࡧFɭȇơȇȶȍȟŔȇ
ࡧ‘ʠȍŔȇȇŔȥŔȍǬȥƎŔnjɭŔȥʠȍŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ȇʠȍŔȇŔȇǬȥʋǬɽǬʽơ ࡧ%ǫŹơɭȶȥȍŔŹơɽȍơȥȟơ
ƎơɭǫȥȇʠȍŔȇŔǐɭǬɽǬȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ ࡧȍȍơɭǿǫ
ࡧFɭȇơȥ¶¡njơƇǫɭȟơ
ࡧáŔɽǫljɽǫnjŔɭŔǫƇǫȟǫ
ࡧòȶɽˊȶơȇȶȥȶȟǫȇƎʧ˖ơˊ
ࡧǫȍơǠǫȇŔˊơɽǫ
ࡧFʽƎơʽǫɭŔȍơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥnjơƇǫɭơȥȇǫʂǫʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ
ࡧbŔɭǫȥnjȶɃ˖ơljŔǿǫŔȍɭơljȍʧ

Fʽɭơȍơɭǫ

qǫɢơɭơȟǫ ơʽɭơɽǫ

ࡧ¡ǫȇɭȶȶɭnjŔȥǫ˖ȟŔȶɭʋŔȇʠȍŔǐŔʠȍŔʂǬȥƃŔ
þơƎŔʽǫƎơzĪƃǫɢɭȶljȍȶȇɽŔɽǫȥȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ-ơɭɭŔǠǫ
ȟʠȇȶɢơɭǫɽʋȶʠȟʠȥǫȍȇɭơŔȇɽǫˊȶȥʠǠǫɢơɭơȟǫƎǫɭࡲ
ƎơŹɭǫƎȟŔȥˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɃȥơȟȍǫɽơȟɢʋȶȟȇʠȍŔȇŔǐɭǬɽǬƎǬɭࡲ

40

FȇʠɽʠƎŔɽˊȶȥ
ࡧǐɭǬŔɭʋŔɭ࡫ŔʋơʂŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥȍơʂǫɭʽơʋŔŹȍȶˊŔǫʂǫʋȟơ
Ŕ˖ȍǬǐǬŹơȇȍơȥǫɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ʠȇȶɢơɭǫȶɽʋơʠȟƎŔȇǫnjơȥǫʂȍơȟǫʂƎŔȟŔɭȍŔɭƎŔȥ
ơȇɽʠƎŔɽˊȶȥȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ʠŔˊơȥơƎơȇʠȍŔȇ˖ŔɭǬŹȶȟŹơʽơǠǫɢơɭơȟǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ǫɭǫȥnjȶʋȶȟǫơȇɽʠƎŔɽˊȶȥơʽɭơɽǫȥƎơˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
‘ʠȍŔȇ˖ŔɭǬɢȶɽʋơɭȶǫȥljơɭǫȶɭʠȥƎŔȥƎơȍǫȥǫɭࡲ
òʠɢʠɭŔɽˊȶȥ
ࡧ‘ʠȍŔȇ˖ŔɭǬɢơɭljȶɭơȶȍȟʠʂʋʠɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ʠŔˊơȥơƎơƎǬʂȇʠȍŔȇˊȶȍʠȥƎŔɢʧɭʧȍŔȥȟŔʋơɭˊŔȍ
ʽŔɭƎǬɭ࡫˖ŔɭǠǫɢơɭơȟǫȇ࡫ȟŔɽơɭơʽơɢơɭljȶɭơƎǫɭࡲ
‘ȶŔȍơɽŔȥòŔljǠŔ
- Fȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠȥʠ˖ŔȟŔɽǬƎʠɭʠȟʠȥƎŔ
ȟʠȇȶɢơɭǫȶɽʋơɭʠȟȇŔȍǬȥȍŔʂǬɭʽơɢʧɭʧȍŔȥȟŔʋơɭˊŔȍǫȥ
ƎɭơȥŔǿǬơȥnjơȍȍơȥǫɭࡲ¡ŔɽʋȶǫƎǠʧƃɭơȍơɭƎơǫɽȇơȟǫʽơ
ɽʋŔ˖ȍŔŔɽǫƎȶ˖ȶȍʠɭʽơȇŔȍɽǫˊʠȟƇɃ˖ʧȥʧɭࡲ¡ŔɽʋȶǫƎ
ǠʧƃɭơȍơɭŹǫɭȍơʂơɭơȇʋơȇŹǫɭŹȶʂȍʠȇȶȍʠʂʋʠɭʠɭࡲ
- %ʠɽŔljǠŔȥǬȥơȥɃȥơȟȍǫȥȶȇʋŔɽǬɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬȥ
ʠ˖ŔȟȟŔɽǬʽơˊŔǠŔljǫljȍơȟǫʂȶȍŔȥɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬȥǫȇǫ
ǠŔljʋŔǫƇǫȥƎơʋơȇɭŔɭȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
41
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
èơ˖ȶȍʠɽˊȶȥ
- þơƎŔʽǫƎʧ˖njʧȥˊŔɢǬȍǬɭɽŔɽơȇơȍŹǬɭŔȇȟŔƎŔȥ
ǫˊǫȍơʂǫɭࡲ
‘ȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥơʽɭơɽǫ
- þʧȟ¶¡ȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬǫƇǫȥƎơơȥɽǬȇ
ȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȟŔɽʋȶǫƎǫʋʋǫɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇǫȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥˊŔȍȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȟơȥơȥǿǫʋʋǫɭࡲ
¶¡‘ȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
ࠀ࢏FȇɽʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫŔȍ‘ȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ
‘ȶŔȍơɽŔȥȟŔɽʋȶǫƎǫʋ
- ¶¡ࢫȥǫȥơȥɽǬȇȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ
òʠŹɢơɭǫȶɽʋŔȍŔŹɽơࡪFȥɽǬȇɢȶɽʋơʠɭǫȇʧȍơɭŹɃȍnjơƎơ
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ%ʠɭŔƎŔȥˊŔˊǬȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
òʋơɭȥȶƃȍơǫȶƎȶȟŔɽʋȶǫƎŔƎơȍơˊơˊŔˊǬȍǬɭɽŔ%ơ˖ȶȍƎ
ŔŹɽơɽǫ࡫ƎǫnjŔɽʋɭǫȇŔƎơȍơȥǫȥʽơȥʋơɭɢȶɽʋơɭǫȶȥʠȥŔ
ˊŔǬȍǬɭɽŔ-ǫʋơȍȍǫŔŹɽơɽǫƎơȥǫɭࡲ
bŔɽǫŔȍɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫ
- •ŔŹǫɭơȥʋǫʋࡪ•ŔŹǫɭơȥʋljǫɽʋʧȍʧȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲFȥɽǬȇȍŔʋơɭŔȍ
ɽơȟǫɽǫɭȇʧȍơɭȇŔȥŔȍƎŔȶȍʠɭࡲ
- áơʋɭȶ˖ǫʋࡪeɭŔƎơȥǫnjȶɽơȥƎɭȶȟȟʠȥŔˊȶȍŔƇŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
- eɭŔƎơȥǫnjȶòơȥƎɭȶȟʠȇɭȶȥǫȇŔʋǫʋ࡫ljŔɽǫŔȍɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫ࡫
ʽơɭʋǫnjȶʽơࠄࡲʽơࠅࡲòǫȥǫɭƎŔȍȍŔɭǬȥƎŔŔǐɭǬǫȍơ
ȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ‘ʠȍŔȇʋŔŔȇǬȥʋǬ࡫ƎǫɢȍȶɢǫʽơnjɃ˖
ŔɭȇŔɽǬȥƎŔŔǐɭǬǫȍơɽơˊɭơƎơɭȍơɭࡲ
2) ƒȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫŔȍȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭࡪ
- FȇɽʋɭŔƎʠɭŔȍŔŹɽơࡪʠnjʠȍơɭʽơȥơŹŔɽǬȍƎǬǐǬȥƎŔ
ȇʠȍŔȇŔȇǬȥʋǬɽǬȥǬȥŔɭʋȟŔɽǬʋǫɢǫȇŹʠȍnjʠɽʠƎʠɭࡲ
- òʠŹƎʠɭŔȍŔŹɽơ
- %ơˊǫȥŔŹɽơɽǫࡪFȥɽǬȇŹơˊǫȥŔŹɽơɽǫȥơƎơȥǫȶʋǫʋʋǫɭࡲ
¶ʋǫʋǫɽȟơƎǫŔƎŔȇǫơȥɽǬȇɃȍʧȟȥơƎơȥǫƎǫɭࡲ
•ŔʋơɭŔȍɽǫȥʧɽʋɭȶȟŹȶljȍơŹǫʋǫࡪFȥɽǬȇǠơȟŔȍǫʋǫȇ
ɽʋɭơɢʋơȇȶȇȍŔɭȍŔȶȍʠɭࡲFȥȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫɽʋǫȇŹʠȍnjʠɽʠ
ŹŔƃŔȇȍǬŔʋơʂʋǫɭࡲ
¡ơȥơȥǿǫʋࡪ¶¡ࢫȥǬȥơȥɽǬȇǫȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫŔȍ
ȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ
¶ʋǫʋǫȇǠǫƎɭŔɽơljŔȍǫࡪ¶¡ࢫƎŔȥŹǫɭȇŔƇǠŔljʋŔɽȶȥɭŔ
‘ǫ%òŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬȥǬȥȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇȟŔɽǬǫȍơ
ȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ
¶ʋǫʋǫɽ¡ơƎǫŔƃǫȍȍơɭǫ
ࡧ-ǫƎƎǫǐɭǬ
ࡧbŔɽˊŔȍɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫ
ࡧĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥʽơˊŔǫȟȟʠɽʠɢɭơɽơǠŔɽʋŔ
ࡧƒȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫˊŔȍȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʂʧɢǠơɽǫ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

þơƎŔʽǫ
ࡧ÷ǫƎƎơʋȍǫŔǐɭǬ࡫ȇȶȟɢǫȇŔɽˊȶȥࢎȟŔɽʋȶǫƎǫʋ࡫ȟơȥơȥǿǫʋ࢏
ʽŔɭȍǬǐǬȥƎŔȟǫɭǫȥnjȶʋȶȟǫࢎɢȶɽʋơɭȶǫȥljơɭǫȶɭ࢏
ơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧȟȶȇɽǫɽǫȍǫȥऋ‘ȍŔʽʠȍŔȥǫȇ Ŕɽǫʋ
ࡧòơljŔȇȍȶɭ
ࡧFɭǫʋɭȶȟǫɽǫȥ
ࡧèơȇʠɭɭơȥʋ¶¡ࢫƎơࠀ-ࠂŔˊþ¡áऋò¡ĴʽơˊŔ
ŔȟȶȇɽǫɽǫȍǫȥɢɭȶljǫȍŔȇɽǫɽǫʽơɭǫȍȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
- ‘ȶȍơɽʋơŔʋȶȟŔȇʠȍŔȇ˖ŔɭǬȥƎŔɢơɭljȶɭŔɽˊȶȥŔŹŔǐȍǬ
ƎǬʂȇʠȍŔȇˊȶȍʠơɢǫʋơȍǫȶɭʋŔȇʠȍŔǐŔǫȍơɭȍơɭʽơ
ȇȶȥɽŔȥʋɭǫȇʋŔŹŔȇŔȍŔɭŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȇȶȍơɽʋơɭȶȍ
ȇɭǫɽʋŔȍȍơɭǫȶȍʠʂȟŔɽǬˊȍŔȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍǫɭࡲ
òơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭ
ࡧ‘ȶˊʠ࡫Ŕ˖ȟǫȇʋŔɭƎŔɢǫɽȇȶȇʠȍʠȇʠȍŔȇŔȇǬȥʋǬɽǬ
ࡧ‘ʠȍŔȇ˖ŔɭǬʽơȇơȟǫȇƇǫȇǠŔɽŔɭǬȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ȶȍơɽʋơȶʋȶȟŔơȥǫˊǫ7ǫljljʠ˖ˊȶȥ¡èǫȍơʋơʂǠǫɽ
ơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ

þơƎŔʽǫ
ࡧFȥljơȇʋơƎơŹɭǫɽȍơɭǫȥƇǬȇŔɭǬȍȟŔɽǬ
ࡧ¶ɭŔȍɽǫɢɭȶljȍȶȇɽŔɽǫȥǫȍơȇʠȍŔȇŔȇǬȥʋǬɽǬɃȥȍơȥǫɭࡲ
ࡧþǫȟɢŔȥ˖ŔɭƃơɭɭŔǠǫȶȍŔɭŔȇʋơȟɢȶɭŔȍȇŔɽ
ljŔɽˊŔɽǬȥƎŔȥɭơȇȶȥɽʋɭʠȇʋơơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ŔɽʋȶǫƎǫɭɭơʽơɭɽǫŹȍȶȍŔɭŔȇȇɭȶȥǫȇơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥƎŔȥ
ơʋȇǫȍơȥȟơȟǫʂɽơɭŔƎǫȇŔȍȟŔɽʋȶǫƎơȇʋȶȟǫˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ

òơȇɭơʋʠŔɭ¶ʋǫʋǫɽ¡ơƎǫŔ

- òơȇɭơʋʠŔɭࢎơljʧ˖ˊȶȥȍʠएɽơɭɃ˖࢏ȶʋǫʋǫɽȟơƎǫŔȶɭʋŔ
¡ǫɭǫȥnjȶʋȶȟǫFȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ ȇʠȍŔȇʋŔơȥljơȇɽˊǫȶȥŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬȶȍȟŔȇɽǬ˖ǬȥɽǬʽǬ
ʋȶɢȍŔȥȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧþơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊŔȥŔȇʠʋȶʋǫʋǫɽȟơƎǫŔࢎࠅŔˊƎŔࠂ࡫ˊǬȍƎŔ - FȥɽǬȇࠂ-ࠇˊŔʂʋŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ࠃࢫʋơȥljŔ˖ȍŔ࢏ - FɭǫʂȇǫȥǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔɽơɭɃ˖ȶʋǫʋǫɽȟơƎǫŔ
ࡧFljʧ˖ˊȶȥȍʠȇɭȶȥǫȇȶʋǫʋǫɽȟơƎǫŔ njɃɭʧȍƎʧǐʧȥƎơȥŔ˖ȶljɭŔǫȥȇɽȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟʠȥƎŔȥ
ࡧÄɽʋŔȇǫʋʧŹʧƎǫɽljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥʠ ʂʧɢǠơȍơȥǫȍȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ%ŔɭȶʋɭŔʽȟŔ
ࡧbŔɽˊŔȍɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫ
Fʋˊȶȍȶǿǫ

‘ɭȶȥǫȇ¶ʋǫʋǫɽ¡ơƎǫŔ ƒƇơɭǫɽǫȥƎơơȥɃȥơȟȍǫʽǫɭŔȍǫȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲ

ࡧĵŔȥȍǬʂʽơˊơʋơɭɽǫ˖ŔȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫɽȶȥʠƃʠ
ȶȍʠʂŔȥ¶¡ʋơȇɭŔɭǬʽơȇʠȍŔȇ˖ŔɭǬɢơɭljȶɭŔɽˊȶȥʠ
¡ʠŔˊơȥơ%ʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬ
ɽȶȥʠƃʠȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥȍơɭǫࡪáࡲŔơɭʠnjǫȥȶɽŔ࡫áɭȶʋơʠɽɽɢơƃǫơɽ࡫ ࡧF¶¡ࢫƎŔ˖ŔɭǬȥnjɃɭʧȥʧȟʧ
òʋŔɢǠˊȍȶƃȶƃƃʠɽŔʠɭơʠɽʽơȟǫȇɽʋŔȥŔơɭȶŹǫȇ ࡧ7ŔȟŔɭȍŔȥȟŔŔɭʋǬʂǬ
ơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥ ࡧ¡Ŕʋ˖Ŕɭ
ࡧŁŔɭǬȥŔɭȇŔɽǬȥƎŔǠŔʽŔȇŔŹŔɭƃȍǬȇȍŔɭǬ

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áŔʋȶnjơȥơ˖
ࡧƒɭɭǫʋŔɽˊȶȥŔŹŔǐȍǬȶɭʋŔȇʠȍŔȇȟʠȇȶ˖ŔɽǬ
ȟơʋŔɢȍŔ˖ǫˊơʠǐɭŔˊŔɭŔȇnjȶŹȍơʋǠʧƃɭơɽŔˊǬʽơɽŔȍnjǬɽǬ
ŔɭʋŔɭࡲ
ࡧ¶ɭʋŔȇʠȍŔȇʋŔȟʠȇȶǫƎȟŔʋơɭˊŔȍŹǫɭǫȇǫɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ǬʽŔȟǬƎơǐǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧ1ȶȇˊŔɢǬʂȇŔȥȶȍƎʠǐʠȥƎŔȥࢨnjȍʠơơŔɭࢩƎơȥǫɭࡲ
‘ȍǫȥǫȇ
ࡧFɽŔɽɽơȟɢʋȶȟ ǫʂǫʋȟơŔ˖ȍǬǐǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ1ȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔǫʂǫʋȟơŔ˖ȍǬǐǬȥǬȥơȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥǫƎǫɭࡲ
qǫɢơɭŹŔɭǫȇȶȇɽǫǿơȥʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫȶȍŔȥǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔȶɭʋŔ
ȇʠȍŔȇɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȍơɭǫȥǫȥɃȥȍơȥȟơɽǫࢎ÷ǫƎƎơʋȍǫŔǐɭǬ࡫
ǠơȟȶʋǫȟɢŔȥǫʠȟ࡫F¶¡࢏
¶èþ‘č•‘þĔ¡Äè•Fèƒ
- FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥʋʧȟɃɭʧnjȍȶȟʠɽʋǫȟɢŔȥǫȇʠȟ
- FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥȟŔȍǫnjȥʋʧȟɃɭʧɽɩʠŔȟȶ˖
ࢎơɢǫƎơɭȟȶǫƎ࢏Ǡʧƃɭơȍǫ-ŔࢫƎǬɭࡲ
eȍȶȟʠɽǿʠnjʠȍŔɭơʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭǫࢎáŔɭŔnjŔȥnjȍǫȶȟȍŔɭ࢏

þơƎŔʽǫ - ‘ŔɭȶʋǫɽŹǫljʠɭȇŔɽˊȶȥʠȥƎŔȥȇɃȇơȥŔȍǬɭɽŔnjȍȶȟʠɽ
ࡧࠁࠀnjʧȥȍʧȇŔȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫʽơƎơȇȶȥǿơɽʋŔȥ ȇŔɭȶʋǫȇʠȟƎʠɭࡲ‘ŔɭŔʋǫɽŹǫljʠɭȇŔɽˊȶȥʠȥƎŔɽơɭʋŹǫɭ
ʽơɭǫȍǫɭࡲ ȇǫʋȍơʽŔɭƎǬɭʽơŹȶˊʠȥƎŔɢʠȍɽŔʋǫȍ࡫ʧljʧɭʧȟŔȍǬȥŔȥ
ȇǫʋȍơʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- ʠnjʠȍơɭŹʠȍŹƎŔȥȇɃȇơȥŔȍǬɭɽŔnjȍȶȟʠɽǿʠnjʠȍŔɭơ
ƎơȥǫɭʽơǿʠnjʠȍŔɭljȶɭŔȟơȥɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠࢎࠈࡲࠀ߿ࡲࠀࠀࡲɽǫȥǫɭ
ɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫȍơɭǫ࢏ǫȍơŹȶˊʠȥƎŔɢʠȍɽŔʋǫȍȇǫʋȍơʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ

ĪơȥʋǫȍŔɽˊȶȥþʧɢʧFȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ

èơȇʧɭɭơȥŔȇʠʋȶʋǫʋǫɽȟơƎǫŔ

‘ɭȶȥǫȇFljljʧ˖ˊȶȥȍʠȶʋǫʋǫɽȟơƎǫŔˊŔơʂȍǫȇơƎơȥ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫˊơɭŔǐȟơȥơljljʧ˖ˊȶȥʠȥࠂŔˊƎŔȥljŔ˖ȍŔ
ɽʧɭȟơɽǫ
ࡧƒʂǫʋȟơȇŔˊŹǬȥǬȥljŔ˖ȍŔȍǬǐǬࢎऑࠃ߿Ǝ%࢏
ࡧ1ȶƃʠǐʠȥȇȶȥʠʂȟŔɽǬȥƎŔnjơƃǫȇȟơ
ࡧFljljʧ˖ˊȶȥʠȥǫȇǫʋŔɭŔljȍǬȶȍŔɭŔȇƎơʽŔȟơʋȟơɽǫ
ࡧ‘ǬʂŔnjǫɭȟơ

þǫȟɢŔȥǫȇȟơȟŹɭŔȥƎŔɭơʋɭŔȇɽǫˊȶȥŔơʂȍǫȇơƎơȥ
ࡧƒȥʽŔǿǫȥŔɽˊȶȥ
ࡧ¡ŔȥǫŹɭǫʠȟȟŔȍȍơǫƎơƎǫȇȍơʂȟơ
ࡧƎơ˖ǫʽȶʋǫʋ

¶ʋǫʋǫɽȟơƎǫŔˊŔʽơˊŔÄɽʋŔȇǫʋʧɢʧƎǫɽljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥʠȥŔ
ơʂȍǫȇơƎơȥ
ࡧ‘ɭŔȥǫȶljŔɽǫˊŔȍŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭࢎĵŔɭǬȇƎŔȟŔȇ࡫ˊŔɭǬȇ
ƎʠƎŔȇ࢏
ࡧ7ȶˁȥɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
ࡧƒȟȟȶʋǫȍɽǫȍǫˊŔɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ࡫ȟʠȇȶʽǫɽǫƎȶ˖
Fǐơɭࠈࡲ‘ɭŔȥǫŔȍɽǫȥǫɭʋǫȟɢŔȥǫȇƎŔȍȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȥȇɃȇơȥ
ࡧFȇɽơȥɽȶɭǫȥɃɭŔȍǫʂǫʋȟơȇŔˊŹǬ
ŔȍǬɭɽŔnjȍȶȟʠɽʋǫȟɢŔȥǫȇʠȟƎơȥǫɭʽơ ǫʂǫʋȟơȇŔˊŹǬ࡫
ࡧ¥Ŕ˖ŔȍʽơȥŔ˖ȶljŔɭǫȥnjơŔȍɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȍơɭ
ɢʠȍɽŔʋǫȍʋǫȥȥǫʋʠɽʽơȶʋŔȍǿǫʋǫɢǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧèŔƎˊȶʋơɭŔɢǫ

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- ‘ŔʽơɭȥɃ˖ɽǫȥʧɽʋɭȶȟŹȶ˖ʠࡪ‘ơȟȶ˖ǫɽ࡫njɃɭȟơȇŔˊŹǬ
ʽơȶljʋŔȍȟȶɢȍơǿǫǫȍơɽơˊɭơƎơɭࡲ¡èࢫȍŔʋŔȥǬȇȶȥʠɭࡲzĪ
ŔȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫǐơƃơʽŔɢʽơɭǫɭࡲ
- ¶ɽʋơȶȟˊơȍǫʋࡪòǬȇȍǬȇȍŔljɭȶȥʋŔȍɽǫȥʧ˖ǫʋʋơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

þŔȥǬɽǬáŔɭŔȥŔ˖Ŕȍòǫȥʠɽ%þǫȍơȇȶȥʠɭࡲ

- ¶ʋȶɽȇȶɢǫȇŹŔȇǬƎŔȟŔʽǫȇǬɭȟǬ˖ǬɭơljȍơnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
- ĵŔȥȍǬʂŹǫˊȶɢɽǫŔȍǬȥǬɭɽŔȟŔɽǫljȇŔȥŔȟŔˊŔȥơƎơȥ
ȶȍʠɭࡲ

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%Ŕȇʋơɭǫˊơȍɽǫȥʧ˖ǫʋȍơɭࡪ
- 1ȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔơȥɽǬȇơʋǠȟȶǫƎɽǫȥʧ˖ǫʋnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
þơƎŔʽǫ
- FɭǫʂȇǫȥȍơɭƎơơȥɽǬȇȟŔȇɽǫȍȍơɭɽǫȥʧ˖ǫʋnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ࠀࡲeɭʠɢȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇȍơɭ
- òǫȥʧ˖ǫʋơʋȇơȥȍơɭǫơȥɽǬȇòࡲáȥơʠȟȶȥǫŔqࡲ
ࡧȟȶȇɽǫɽǫȍǫȥ
ƒȥljȍʠơȥ˖Ŕʽơ¡ࡲ-ŔʋŔɭɭǠŔȍǫɽʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧþ¡áऋò¡Ĵ
ࡧ7ȶȇɽǫɽǫȍǫȥ

ࠁࡲeɭʠɢȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇȍơɭ
ࡧȟȶȇɽǫɽǫȍǫȥऋ‘•ȍŔʽʠȍŔȥǫȇŔɽǫʋ
ࡧࠁࡲĪơࠂࡲ‘ʠʂŔȇɽơljŔȍȶɽɢȶɭǫȥ
ࡧ‘ǫȥȶȍȶȥ
ࡧþơȍǫʋɭȶȟǫɽǫȥ

zȥʽŔ˖ǫljbʠȥnjŔȍòǫȥʠ˖ǫʋ
ŁơȟǫȥqŔ˖ǬɭȍŔˊŔȥbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭ
ࡧ¥Ŕ˖ŔȍŔȍơɭǿǫ - 7ŔǠŔƇȶȇǫȟȟʠȥˊơʋȟơ˖࡫ƎǫŔŹơʋǫȇ࡫ʠ˖ʠȥƎɃȥơȟȍǫ
ࡧòơɢʋʠȟƎơʽǫŔɽˊȶȥʠ ȇȶɭʋǫȇȶɽʋơɭȶǫƎʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫŔȍŔȥȍŔɭʽơɽȶȥƎɃȥơȟ
ࡧòǫȍǫơɭljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ ŹɃŹɭơȇˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫȶȍŔȥȇǫʂǫȍơɭƎơnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
ࡧƎơȥȶǫƎǠǫɢơɭʋɭȶljǫɽǫ - FʋȇơȥǫɭǫȥȶɽơɭơŹɭŔȍȟʠȇȶɭȟǫȇȶ˖ࢎȟʠƃȶɭ࡫ŔŹɽǫƎǫŔ࡫
ࡧþȶȥɽǫȍǠǫɢơɭʋɭȶljǫɽǫ ɭǠǫ˖ȶɢʠɽ࢏
- bŔˊŔȍŔǐɭǬƎŔǠŔŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥȶȍȟŔȇʧ˖ơɭơȇȍŔɽǫȇ
ɭǫȥȶɽǫȥʠ˖ǫʋɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
- ¥Ŕ˖ŔȍŔȇǬȥʋǬnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơʋơȟǫ˖Ǝǫɭࡲ
òǫȥʧ˖ǫʋ‘ȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
- ¡ʠŔˊơȥơƎơȶɭʋŔˊŔȟơʋʠɽʋŔɽǫˊŔǠɭơȥȇȍǫȥơȇɭȶʋǫȇ
áơɭǫȶɭŹǫʋŔȍɽơȍʧȍǫʋࡪ FȥɽǬȇȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲ
ƎȶȇʠȍŔȇɢŔʋȶnjȥȶȟȶȥǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
FʋǠȟȶǫƎɽǫȥʧɽơŹŔǐȍǬȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
- %ǫˊȶɢɽǫƎơɽơɢʋŔɽǬ˖njơȥǫʂŔƇǬȍǬǠǫljȍơɭnjɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
- òʠŹƎʠɭŔȍ࡫ǫȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫŔȍŔŹɽơࡪ%ŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬ࡫Ŕʋơʂʽơ
- -þ¡è
ȍơʋŔɭǿǫǫȍơɽơˊɭơƎơɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơȟljȶʋơɭǫɽǫȥ%ǫȥljʠ˖ˊȶȥʠ࡫
- %ơˊǫȥŔŹɽơɽǫ
ʽŔɭǫȇȶȥŔ˖ȶȍʽơ‘Ŕɽɢȶljʠȥnjǫȥʽơɭǫȍǫɭࡲ
- ¡ơȥơȥǿǫʋ

44
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

FɢǫɽʋŔȇɽǫɽ - þŔȥǬɽǬȇȍǫȥǫȇʽơȍŔʋơɭŔȍȥŔ˖ȶljŔɭơȥȇɽnjɭŔljǫɽǫˊȍơ
ࡧ¥Ŕ˖ŔȍʋɭŔʽȟŔ ȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
ࡧèǫȥǫʋ - þơƎŔʽǫɽǫƃơɭɭŔǠǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ¥Ŕ˖Ŕȍȟʠȇȶ˖ŔȥǬȥȇʠɭʠȟŔɽǬ
ࡧqǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ
ࡧʋơɭȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖
ࡧ¶ɽȍơɭ-ĭơŹơɭ-èơȥƎʠ
ࡧȍȇȶȍʽơȇȶȇŔǫȥȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬ

- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơȇŔȥŔȟŔȇơȥƎǫȍǫǐǫȥƎơȥƎʠɭʠɭࡲ
- ‘ȶȥʋɭȶȍơƎǫȍơȟơˊơȥȇŔȥŔȟŔȍŔɭƎŔȟŔȇɽǫȍơɭʽơˊŔ
ljŔɽǫŔȍŔɭʋơɭơȥƎŔʽŔɽȇʠȍơɭȟơŹȶȍǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥ
ʠʽơȥǫȍ¥Ŕ˖ȶljŔɭǫȥnjơŔȍȥnjǫȶljǫŹɭȶȟ
ࡧqơȟơȥǠơȟơȥƎŔǫȟơnjơȥƇơɭȇơȇʋơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ࡧòljơȥȶǫƎʽơơʋǠȟȶǫƎȇơȟǫȇɢơɭǫȶɽʋʠȥƎŔȥȇɃȇơȥ
ŔȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧƒȍȇȶȍŔɭŔȇŹʠɭʠȥȇŔȥŔȟŔɽǬʽơʋǬȇŔȥǬȇȍǬǐǬǫȍơ
ȇơȥƎǫȥǫŹơȍȍǫơƎơɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ŔȥƎŔȟŔɭǬǫƇơɭƎǫǐǫȥƎơȥȇŔȥŔȟŔˊŔơǐǫȍǫȟȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧƎȶȍơɽȶȥƎɃȥơȟƎơɽɢȶȥʋŔȥɭơnjɭơɽơȶȍȟŔɽǬ
ʋǫɢǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧ%ǫˊȶɢɽǫˊŔɢǬȍȟŔ˖ࡲ
ࡧþŔȥǬɽǬȟʠŔˊơȥơ࡫ɢŔɽʋơɭǫȶɭɭǫȥȶɽȇȶɢǫ࡫-þʽơ
ȥnjǫȶnjɭŔljǫǫȍơʋơʂǠǫɽơnjǫƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧèơ˖ơȇʋơơƎǫȍơȟơˊơȥʽŔȇŔȍŔɭƎŔɭŔƎˊȶʋơɭŔɢǫ

¥Ŕ˖ȶljŔɭǫȥnjơŔȍ‘Ŕȥɽơɭȍơɭ
ࡧF%ĪǫȍơȇơɽǫȥǫȍǫʂȇǫɽǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥʋǫɢǫʠȥƎǫljơɭŔȥɽǫˊơȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟƎʠɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇŹʠȍnjʠɽʠŔǐɭǬɽǬ˖ŹȶˊʠȥȇǫʋȍơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧFɢǫɽʋŔȇɽǫɽ࡫ʋǬȇŔȥǬȇȍǬȇ࡫ʋǫȥȥǫʋʠɽ࡫ࠂ-4-ࠄ-ࠅࡲ‘ɭŔȥǫŔȍ
¥Ł¶bèF¥‘òqòþ•zhz ɽǫȥǫɭǠŔɽŔɭȍŔɭǬnjɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ%ŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫ‘þ-èþࢫƎǫɭࡲ
¥Ŕ˖ȶljŔɭơȥȇɽȇǫʋȍơɭǫ ࡧ‘þࢫƎơơȥɽǬȇȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔȥŔǿŔȥƃǫɽɢȍŔʋǫȥƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧƎơȥȶǫƎǠǫɢơɭʋɭȶljǫ
ࡧ¥Ŕ˖ȶljŔɭơȥȇɽʋơȇǫŔƎơȥȶǫƎƎȶȇʠȥʠȥŹʧˊʧȟơɽǫ
ƇȶƃʠȇʋŔȥŔ˖ŔȍȶŹɽʋɭʧȇɽǫˊȶȥˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
ࠀ࢏‘ơɭŔʋǫȥǫ˖ơɽȇʠŔȟɃ˖ǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟ
ࡧǐ˖ǬŔƇǬȇʠˊʠɭʽơǠȶɭȍŔɭࡲ
ࠁ࢏¥ȶȥȇơɭŔʋǫȥǫ˖ơɽȇʠŔȟɃ˖ȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟ
ࡧþʠŹŔʋǬȇŔȥǬȇȍǬǐǬȥŔŹŔǐȍǬȶȍŔɭŔȇɽǬȇȶʋǫʋǫɽȟơƎǫŔʽơ
ࠂ࢏ƒȥƎǫljơɭŔȥɽǫˊơȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟ
ɽǫȥʧ˖ǫʋnjǫŹǫơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭnjơƇǫɭǫȍǫɭࡲ

þ¶¥òƒ•qòþ•z‘•èz

áơɭǫʋȶȥɽǫȍȍơɭŔŹɽơ
ࡧFɭǫʂȇǫȥȍơɭƎơƎŔǠŔɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍȟơȇȍơŹǫȍɭǫȇʋơŔȇʠʋ
ʋŔȥɽǫȍǫʋǫȥŹǫɭȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ
ࡧǐ˖ǬȥǬŔƇŔȟŔ˖࡫ƎǫȍǫȥǫƇǬȇŔɭŔȟŔ˖࡫ȇȶȥʠʂȟŔ
˖ȶɭȍʠǐʠʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧþɭǫɽȟʠɽʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ʠȍŔǐŔˊŔȥɽǬˊŔȥŔǐɭǬʽơƎǫɽljŔǿǫnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

45
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èơȍŔʋǫljFȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ
- þơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊŔȥɢơɭǫʋȶȥɽǫȍȍơɭŔŹɽơ
- þơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊŔȥɽʋɭơɢʋȶȇȶȇʋȶȥɽǫȍǫ
- ‘ɭȶȥǫȇʋȶȥɽǫȍȍǫʋ
- ǫʂʽơȶȇʠȍƎŔȥȇŔˊǬɢȍŔɭ

èơʋɭȶljɭŔǫȥnjơŔȍŔŹɽơ
ࡧ‘ʧƇʧȇƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔʽơǫȥljŔȥʋȍŔɭƎŔnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
ࡧǐ˖ǬŔƇǬȇʋǬɭʽơʋɭǫɽȟʠɽˊȶȇʋʠɭࡲ
ࡧʋơʂȍơŹơɭŔŹơɭŹȶǐŔ˖ŔǐɭǬɽǬʽơŹȶˊʠȥƎŔ
ǠŔɽɽŔɽǫˊơʋʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧĵʠʋȇʠȥȟŔȥǬȥŹȶ˖ʠȇȶȍȟŔɽǬȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơƎǫɽljŔǿǫȶȍʠɭ
ʽơʋʧȇɭʧǐʧȥʧˊʠʋŔȟŔ˖ʽơŔǐǬ˖ȇơȥŔɭȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȥŔʋŔɭࡲ
KANLANMA
- FȥɽǬȇȇŔȥŔȟŔɽơŹơŹǫǫȥʋơɭȥŔȍȟŔȇɽǫȍơɭǫȥƎŔȍǬ
ȶȍŔȥƎơɽơȥƎŔȥɢŔȍŔʋǫȥŔɭʋơɭƎǫɭࡲ
- áŔȍŔʋǫȥʋȶȥɽǫȍȍơɭljŔɽˊŔȍŔɭʋơɭǫȥƎŔȍǬȶȍŔȥʋȶȥɽǫȍȍơɭ
ŔɭʋơɭʽơŔɽơȥƎŔȥɢŔȍŔʋǫȥŔɭʋơɭ࡫ȍǫȥnjʠŔȍŔɭʋơɭǫȥ
ƎȶɭɽŔȍȍǫȥnjʠŔȍƎŔȍǬ࡫ƎơɽơȥƎŔȥɢŔȍŔʋǫȥŔɭʋơɭ࡫ȟŔǿɃɭ
ɢŔȍŔʋǫȥŔɭʋơɭʽơŔɽơȥƎŔȥljŔɭơȥnjơŔȍŔɭʋơɭǫȍơ
ȇŔȥȍŔȥǬɭࡲ

‘ȶȥʋɭơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ
ࡧ‘ŔȥŔȟŔƎǫŔʋơ˖ǫ
ࡧĵŔɭǬȇƎŔȟŔȇ
ࡧáȶȍǫȶơɢǫƎơȟǫȍơɭǫ
-qŔɽʋŔȥǬȥŹŔʂǬơȇɽʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥƎŔȶȍʠɢŹǫɭʋŔɭŔljŔˊŔʋǬȇ ࡧȇʠʋơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥ
ˊŔʋŔɭࡲ
- òʋơɭȥȶȇȍơǫƎȶȟŔɽʋȶǫƎȇŔɽǬȥǬȥɃȥʧȥƎơ
ljȍʠȇʋʠŔɽˊȶȥʽơɭơȥ࡫ŔǐɭǬȍǬȇǫʋȍơʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ •胥‘òqòþ•z‘•èz
- eơȥơȍŔȥơɽʋơ˖ǫŔȍʋǬȥƎŔʽơŹŔʂʋɭŔȥƎơȍơȥŹʠɭnj
ɢȶ˖ǫɽˊȶȥʠȥŔnjơʋǫɭǫȍơɭơȇŔŹɽơ ƎɭơȥŔǿǬˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ ȇʠʋ•ŔɭǫȥɽqŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬ
Fɢǫnjȍȶʋʋǫʋ
ࡧqࡲǫȥljȍʠơȥ˖ŔơʋȇơȥƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ1ȶȇŔȥǫŹŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇȍǬȶȍʠp ƃǫƎƎǫɃƎơȟƎơȍŔɭǫȥnjơŔȍ
ɢŔɽŔǿǬȇŔɢŔʋǬɭࡲ
ࡧĵʧȇɽơȇŔʋơʂʽơŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥƎǫɽɢȥơ࡫ɽʋɭǫƎȶɭʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ1ȶƃʠȇɃȥơơǐǫȍǫɭɢȶ˖ǫɽˊȶȥƎŔƎǬɭࡲèŔǠŔʋȥơljơɽ
ŔȍŔŹǫȍȟơȇǫƇǫȥʋɭǫɢȶƎɢȶ˖ǫɽˊȶȥʠȥƎŔƎʠɭʠɭࡲ

þȶȥɽǫȍȍơȇʋȶȟǫFȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ

- FȥʋǫɢǫȇơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠɽȍơơɢŔɢȥơʽơˊŔȇȶɭ
ɢʠȍȟȶȥŔȍơˊơˊȶȍŔƇŔȥǠŔʽŔˊȶȍʠ
ȶŹɽʋɭʧȇɽǫˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ

46
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

Ĵ-èŔˊࢫƎơȍŔɭơȥȇɽࢨǫɢࢩʂơȇȍǫȥǫŔȍȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲࢎȇŔȍơȟ
Źʠȍnjʠɽʠ࢏

þơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơȥơŹʠȍǫ˖ơơɢǫȥơljɭǫȥ࡫z¡ƎơȇɽŔȟơʋŔ˖ȶȥ࡫
ǫȥǠŔȍơŹʠƎơɽȶȥǫƎ

ȇʠʋȍŔɭơȥǿǫʋ
ࡧFʋȇơȥʽǫɭŔȍƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧáŔɭŔȇɽǫɽȟŔȍȇʠɭʠɃȇɽʧɭʧȇȇɭǫ˖ȍơɭǫ࡫Ǝǫɽɢȥơ࡫Ŕʋơʂ࡫
ɽơɽȇǬɽǬȇȍǬǐǬʽơȇŔŹŔɽơɽȍơŔǐȍŔȟŔʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ¥òz7ʽơɭǫȍǫɭࡲ

•Ŕɭơȥȇɽǫȥ%ơȥǫnjȥ •ơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
ࡧeơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơŹơȥǫnjȥȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥǫȍȇŹʠȍnjʠɽʠ
ƎǫɽljȶȥǫࢫƎǫɭࡲ

- ĪȶȇŔȍȇȶɭƎɢȶȍǫɢʽơȥȶƎʧȍȍơɭơȥɽǬȇࡲ
- ĪȶȇŔȍȇȶɭƎɢȶȍǫɢȍơɭǫƃơɭɭŔǠǫȥǫȥơȥƎǫȇơȶȍƎʠǐʠࡲ
ࡧ7ǫɽljŔǿǫȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơʋʧȇɭʧǐʧȥʧˊʠʋŔȟŔ˖ʽơʋʧȇɭʧȇ
- èơǫȥȇơɃƎơȟǫɽǫnjŔɭŔǫƇơȥȇŔƎǬȥࡲ
ŔǐǬ˖ȇơȥŔɭǬȥƎŔȥŔȇŔɭࡲ
- ĪȶȇŔȍɢɭȶɽơɽnjɭŔȥʠȍȶȟȍŔɭǬȟŔȍǫnjȥǫʋơˊȍơơȥƇȶȇ
ࡧþŔȥǬɽǬˉ-ɭŔˊʽơơɭǫʂȇǫȥȍơɭƎơǫȥƎǫɭơȇʋȍŔɭǫȥnjȶɽȇȶɢ
ȇŔɭǬʂŔȥࡲ
ǫȍơȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫɽǫǠŔʽŔˊȶȍʠȥʠȥŔƇǬȇʋʠʋʠȍȟŔɽǬʽơzĪ
ɽơljʠɭȶȇɽǫȟʽơˊŔƎơȇɽŔȟơʋŔ˖ȶȥʽơɭǫȍȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ

‘ɭʠɢࢎȍŔɭǫȥnjȶʋɭŔȇơȶŹɭȶȥʂǫʋ࢏
ࡧFʋȇơȥɢŔɭŔǫȥljȍʠơȥ˖Ŕʋǫɢࠂࢫʋʧɭࡲ
ࡧeơƃơȍơɭǫǠŔʽȍŔɭʋŔɭ˖ƎŔɃȇɽʧɭʧȇʂǫȇŔˊơʋǫȶȍȟŔȇȍŔ
ŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơŔʋơʂơɢǫnjȍȶʋʋǫʋȇŔƎŔɭˊʧȇɽơȇƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭࡲ
• 1-ࠁnjʧȥǫƇǫȥƎơŹŔʂȍŔɭʽơȍŔɭǫȥnjơŔȍɃƎơȟơơȇ
ȶȍŔɭŔȇȇȶˊʠɽơȇɭơɽˊȶȥʋɭŔȇơŔʽơȇʧƇʧȇǠŔʽŔ
ˊȶȍȍŔɭǬȥƎŔʋǬȇŔȥȟŔˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
ࡧ1ȶƃʠȇˊŔʋŔɭɢȶ˖ǫɽˊȶȥƎŔȶȍʠɢƎǫɽɢȥơɽǫ
ŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥƎǫɭࡲ

- •ŔɭơȥȇɽǫȥŹơȥǫnjȥȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơ
ʋơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊŔȥʽȶȇŔȍȇȶɭƎʋɭŔʽȟŔȍŔɭǬɽȶȥʠƃʠȶɭʋŔˊŔ
ƇǬȇŔɭࡲ

47

ĪȶȇŔȍ‘ȶɭƎ¥ȶƎʧȍȍơɭǫ
- òơɽǫȥǫɢɭȶljơɽˊȶȥơȍȶȍŔɭŔȇȇʠȍȍŔȥŔȥȍŔɭƎŔʽơ
ƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔɽǬȇnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
- ĪȶȇŔȍȇȶɭƎȍŔɭƎŔŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍŹơˊŔ˖ɭơȥȇȍǫȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭ
ȶȍŔɭŔȇnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍȍơȇơȥƎǫȥǫŹơȍȍǫơƎơɭࡲ
- ‘ȶɭƎʽȶȇŔȍȍơɭǫȥơȥɽǬȇࠀࡸࠂɃȥȇǬɽȟǬȥƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơȇȶȥʠʂȟŔʋơɭŔɢǫɽǫ࡫
ȟǫȇɭȶȍŔɭơȥnjȶɽȇȶɢǫʽơƃơɭɭŔǠǫơȇɽǫ˖ˊȶȥʠˊnjʠȍŔȥǬɭࡲ
ĪȶȇŔȍ‘ȶɭƎáȶȍǫɢȍơɭǫ
- òǫnjŔɭŔʽơɽơɽǫȥȇɃʋʧȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬˊȍŔǫȍnjǫȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
- eơȥơȍǫȇȍơʠȥǫȍȶȇʠȍơɭɢơƎǫȥȇʠȍȍʠȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭȶȍʠɢ
ơɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơƎŔǠŔɽǬȇnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơȟǫȇɭȶȍŔɭơȥnjȶɽȇȶɢǫʽơơȇɽǫ˖ˊȶȥ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧbŔɭơˊơȥǫǐǫnjǫŹǫȇȶɭƎʋŔþ%-ǠŔʋǬɭȍŔȥȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧbŔɭơˊơȥǫǐǫnjǫŹǫȇʠȍŔȇ˖ŔɭǬࡪþ%-
ࡧþɭŔȇơȶʋȶȟǫࠁ-ࠂʋɭŔȇơŔȍǠŔȍȇŔȍŔɭƎŔȥˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
èơǫȥȇơÄƎơȟǫ
- ĪȶȇŔȍȇȶɭƎȍŔɭƎŔˊŔˊnjǬȥŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍɢȶȍǫɢȶǫƎ
ȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭʂơȇȍǫȥƎơȶȍʠʂʠɢʂǫʂȟơɽɃ˖ȇȶȥʠɽʠƎʠɭࡲ
- òǫnjŔɭŔǫƇǫȟǫʽơˊȶǐʠȥɽơɽȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬˊȍŔǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫ
ȇɭȶȥǫȇǫɭɭǫʋŔɽˊȶȥŔŹŔǐȍǬȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
48
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•ŔɭǫȥnjơŔȍ‘ǫɽʋȍơɭ
ƒȥʋɭŔȇȶɭƎŔȍȶȍŔȥȍŔɭnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơʽȶȇŔȍȇȶɭƎȍŔɭǬȥࠀࡸࠂ
ȶɭʋŔȇǬɽȟǬȥŔˊơɭȍơʂǫɭࡲ7ǫɽljŔǿǫʽơŹȶǐŔ˖ƎŔʋŔȇǬȍȟŔ
ǠǫɽɽǫnjɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
òȶɭʠ
1) ÄȇɽʧɭʧȇȍơǠŔɭơȇơʋơƎơȥȇǫʋȍơ࡫ʽŔȍɽŔȍʽŔƎŔ
ŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥȍơʂơȥȶȍʠʂʠȟŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥ
ǠŔȥnjǫɽǫƎǫɭࡳ
࢏þɭȶǫƎŔȍ‘ǫɽʋ
%࢏•Ŕɭǫȥnjȶɽơ
-࢏%ɭŔȥȇǫŔȍ‘ǫɽʋ
7࢏èơʋɭȶljŔɭǫȥnjơŔȍŔŹɽơ
F࢏áơɭǫʋȶȥɽǫȍȍơɭŔŹɽơ
- •ŔɭǫȥnjơŔȍ ȇǫɽʋȍơɭȟʠȇʠɽɭơʋŔȥɽǫȶȥȇǫɽʋȍơɭǫˊŔƎŔ
ơɢǫƎơɭȟȶǫƎȇǫɽʋȍơɭȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫƎơơȇɽǫ˖ˊȶȥˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
áŔɢǫȍȍȶȟȍŔɭ
- òơȍǫȟȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭƎǬɭʽơɭơȇʠɭɭơȥɽȍơɭǫɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇʽȶȇŔȍȇȶɭƎȍŔɭǬȥࠀࡸࠂŔɭȇŔȇǬɽǬȟȍŔɭǬȥƎŔ
njɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇqáĪࠅʽơࠀࠀʋǫɢȍơɭǫnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ĪȶȇŔȍáɭȶƇơɽeɭŔȥʧȍȶȟȍŔɭǬ
eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơơȥʋʧŹŔɽˊȶȥʋɭŔʽȟŔɃˊȇʧɽʧȶȍʠɢ
ơɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơʽơɭơljȍʧɽʧȶȍŔȥȍŔɭƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
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- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơࠅࡲĪơࠆࡲ7ơȇŔʋʋŔȇǫơɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇɽȇʠŔȟɃ˖ǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟnjɃɭʧȍʧɭʽơ
ɽǫnjŔɭŔ࡫ŔȍȇȶȍʋʧȇơʋǫȟǫˊȍơˊŔȇǬȥƎŔȥǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
- •ŔɭơȥȇɽɽŔɭȇȶȟʠȥŔƎǫɭnjɃɭʧȍȟơȇȍơŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơơȥ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

ɽǬȇljȶɭȟʠȇȶȥƎɭȶɽŔɭȇȶȟƎʠɭࡲFȥɽǬȇȇɭǫȇȶǫƎ - ĪơɭʋǫnjȶɽʧɭơȇȍǫƎǫɭʽơǠŔɽʋŔnjʧȥȍʧȇǫʂȍơɭǫȥǫ
ȇǬȇǬɭƎŔȇʋŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ ˊŔɢȟŔˊŔƎơʽŔȟơƎơɭࡲ
- Nylan-%ŔɭŔȥˊȟŔȥơʽɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȍŔʋơȥɽȶȍȟŔƎŔȥ
ȥǫɽʋŔnjȟʠɽǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
èǫɽȇbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫ - ¡ŔȥơʽɭŔʋơȇɭŔɭǬȥƎŔȥǫɽʋŔnjȟʠɽŔ˖ŔȍȟŔ˖ࡲ
ࡧòǫnjŔɭŔʽơŔȍȇȶȍ
ࡧqáĪʋǫɢࠀࠅʽɽࠀࠇ
ࡧeŔɽʋɭȶɃ˖ơljŔǿǫŔȍɭơljȍʧ %ࡲáFèƒbF胑ĪFèþƒe¶ࢎĪơɽʋǫŹʠȍơɭɽǫɽʋơȟ࡫ǫƇȇʠȍŔȇ
ࡧ¡Ŕȍȥʠʋɭǫɽˊȶȥ ȇɃȇơȥȍǫ࢏
ࡧèŔƎˊŔɽˊȶȥ
Fʋǫˊȶȍȶǿǫ
ࡧþȶȇɽǫȇȟŔƎƎơȍơɭ
ࡧ%ơȥǫnjȥɢŔɭŔȇɽǫɽȟŔȍɢȶ˖ǫɽˊȶȥơȍʽơɭʋǫnjȶࢎơȥɽǬȇ࢏
-eȍȶʋʋǫȇȇŔȥɽơɭȍơɭƎơʽȶȇŔȍȇȶɭƎȍŔɭƎŔʋʠʋʠȍʠȟŔ ࡧ•ŔŹǫɭơȥʋǫʋࡪĪơɭʋǫnjȶʽơƎʠˊȟŔȇŔˊŹǬǫȍơ
ŹŔǐȍǬɽơɽʋơȇŔŹŔȍŔʂȟŔnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ ȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ
- þŔȥǬǫȥƎǫɭơȇʋȍŔɭǫnjȶɽȇȶɢǫʽơȥŔ˖ŔȍơȥƎȶɽȇȶɢǫȇ ࡧĪơɽʋǫŹʠȍǫʋࡪòŔƎơƃơʽơɽʋǫŹʠȍơɭɽǫɽʋơȟǫȥ
Źǫˊȶɢɽǫǫȍơȇȶȥʠɭࡲ ǫȥljȍŔȟŔɽˊȶȥʠȥŔŹŔǐȍǬʽơɭǫʋȶʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥnjȍȶʋʋǫȇȇŔȥɽơɭȍơɭȶȍȟŔȇȍŔŹơɭŔŹơɭ ࡧáơɭǫȍơȥljljǫɽʋʧȍʧࡪ%ŔɭȶʋɭŔʽȟŔ࡫ɽƃʠŹŔƎŔȍǬʂǬ࡫
ơȥǫˊǫɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ŹʠʋǫɢʋơƎǫɭࡲ ʽŔȍɽŔȍʽŔ ǫȍơȶʽŔȍʽơˊŔˊʠʽŔɭȍŔȇɢơȥƃơɭơȥǫȥȶɭʋŔ
- òʠɢɭŔnjȍȶʋʋǫȇŹɃȍnjơƎơ˖ơȥnjǫȥȍơȥljŔʋǫȇƎɭơȥŔǿ ȇʠȍŔǐŔljǫɽʋʠȍǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ
ɽơŹơŹǫˊȍơȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ȍŔɭơɭȇơȥƎơȥȶȍʠɭࡲ%ȶǐʠȇɽơɽ
- ȥǫŹŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇȍǬ࡫ʂǫƎƎơʋȍǫ࡫ȇǬɽŔɽʧɭơȍǫʽơ
ɽʠɢɭŔnjȍȶʋʋǫȇȇŔȥɽơɭȍơɭƎơƎŔǠŔɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ʋơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊǬƃǬƎǬɭࡲ
- FȥȇɃʋʧɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ǫȥljɭŔnjȍȶʋʋǫȇʋǫɢʋơƎǫɭࡲ
- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơʽơɭʋǫnjȶˊŔŹʠȍŔȥʋǬ࡫ȇʠɽȟŔơʂȍǫȇơƎơɭࡲ
- Nylan-%ŔɭŔȥˊȟŔȥơʽɭŔɽǬȥƎŔŹǫɭȇŔƇɽŔȥǫˊơȍǫȇ
ȍŔʋơȥʋɢơɭǫˊȶƎʠȥŔɭƎǬȥƎŔȥࠀƎŔȇǫȇŔ ɽʧɭơȥ
ȥǫɽʋŔnjȟʠɽʽơȟŔȥơʽɭŔȥǬȥʋơȇɭŔɭǬȥƎŔȥǫɽʋŔnjȟʠɽʠȥ
Ŕ˖ŔȍȟŔɽǬʋǫɢǫȇʋǫɭࡲ

7zĴ-q••áz‘F¡¥FčĪFè

A. ĪFèþƒe¶

FʋǫˊȶȍȶǿǫࢎòŔȥʋɭŔȍ࢏
ࡧĪơɭʋơŹɭȶŹŔ˖ǫȍȍơɭˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫȇ
ࡧȇʠɽʋǫȇȥɃɭǫȥȶȟ
ࡧ‘ȶȟɢȍơȇɽɢŔɭɽǫˊơȍȥɃŹơʋȍơɭ
• %Ŕɽǫȍȍơɭȟǫnjɭơȥ
ࡧ¡ʠȍʋǫɢȍɽȇȍơɭȶ˖

49
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

%ơȥǫnjȥࢎɢŔɭȶȇɽǫɽȟŔȍ࢏áȶ˖ǫɽˊȶȥơȍĪơɭʋǫnjȶ

- òơȟǫɽǫɭȇʠȍơɭȇŔȥŔȍȍŔɭǫƇǫȥƎơɽơɭŹơɽʋƎȶȍŔʂŔȥ
ȶʋȶȇȶȥǫȍơɭơŹŔǐȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
- qơɭŹŔʂǠŔɭơȇơʋǫˊȍơȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔȥ࡫ɽŔȥǫˊơȍơɭ
ǫƇǫȥƎơˊŔʋǬʂŔ࡫ŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơȇʠɽȟŔȥǬȥȶȍƎʠǐʠʽơɭʋǫnjȶ
ŔʋŔȇȍŔɭǬƎǬɭࡲ
- %ŔʂǠŔɭơȇơʋǫȥƎơȥࠀ߿-ࠀࠄɽŔȥǫˊơȍǫȇȍŔʋŔȥɽ
ɢơɭǫˊȶʋʋŔȥɽȶȥɭŔʽơɭʋǫnjȶȶȍʠɭࡲ

ࡧ%ŔʂǠŔɭơȇơʋǫȥƎơȥࠀ߿-ࠀࠄɽŔȥǫˊơȍǫȇȍŔʋŔȥɽ
ɢơɭǫˊȶʋʋŔȥɽȶȥɭŔʽơɭʋǫnjȶȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࡧþŔȥǬɽǬƎǫˉ-ǠŔȍȍɢǫȇơࢎȟȶƎǫljǫˊơȥˊȍŔȥŹŔɭŔȥˊ࢏ʋŔȥǬ
ʋơɽʋǫˊȍơȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫɽǫơɢȍơˊȟŔȥơʽɭŔɽǬǫȍơȶȍʠɭࡲ

%Ŕ˖ǬeɭŔljǫȍơɭ

- ĭŔʋơɭࢫɽljɭȶȥʋŔȍʽơȟŔˉǫȍȍơɭ
- -ŔȍƎˁơȍȍljɭȶȥʋŔȍʽơơʋǠȟȶǫƎɽǫȥʧɽȍơɭǫnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭࡲ
- òʋơȥʽơɭɽɢȶ˖ǫɽˊȶȥʠǫƇȇʠȍŔȇɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȍơɭǫȥǫ
njɃɽʋơɭǫɭǫࡲ

ĭŔʋơɭɽeɭŔljǫ

òʠɢơɭǫȶɭòơȟǫɽǫɭȇʠȍơɭ‘ŔȥŔȍ7ơǠǫɽɽŔȥɽǬ

ࡧĵʧȇɽơȇɽơɽǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔŹŔʂƎɃȥȟơɽǫʽơƎʠˊȟŔ
ȇŔˊŹǬȥŔȥơƎơȥȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࡧòʠɢơɭǫȶɭɽơȟǫɽǫɭȇʠȍơɭȇŔȥŔȍǬȥȇơȟǫȇƇŔʋǬɽǬȥǬȥ
ȶȍȟŔɽǬȥŔŹŔǐȍǬȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
ࡧþŔȥǬɽǬ%þǫȍơȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫɽǫƃơɭɭŔǠǫƎǫɭࡲ

50
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

-ŔȍƎˁơȍȍɽeɭŔljǫ

òʋơȥʽơɭɽ

51
Küçük Stajlar | 4. Göz Hastalıkları

Göz
Hastalıkları

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 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

4. GÖZ HASTALIKLARI Miyopi: eɃ˖ơnjơȍơȥǬʂǬȥȍŔɭɭơʋǫȥŔȥǬȥɃȥʧȥƎơ

ȶƎŔȇȍŔȥǬɭࡲč˖ŔǐǬȥơʋnjɃɭơȟơ˖ʽơȇȶȥȇŔʽȍơȥɽȍơ
Ǝʧ˖ơȍʋǫȍǫɭࡲ

Hipermetropi: eơȍơȥǬʂǬȥȍŔɭɭơʋǫȥŔȥǬȥnjơɭǫɽǫȥƎơ
ȶƎŔȇȍŔȥǬɭࡲĵŔȇǬȥǬȥơʋnjɃɭơȟơ˖ʽơȇȶȥʽơȇɽȍơȥɽȍơ
Ǝʧ˖ơȍʋǫȍǫɭࡲ

Astigmatizm: eơȍơȥǬʂǬȥȍŔɭǫȇǫljŔɭȇȍǬȥȶȇʋŔƎŔ
ȶƎŔȇȍŔȥǬɭࡲč˖ŔǐǬƎŔˊŔȇǬȥǬƎŔȥơʋnjɃɭơȟơ˖ʽơǫȥƃơ
ȇơȥŔɭȍǬɽǫȍǫȥƎǫɭǫȇȟơɭƃơȇȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ

Diverjans: Her iki gözün görme ekseninin

ŹǫɭŹǫɭǫȥƎơȥʠ˖ŔȇȍŔʂȟŔɽǬ
Versiyon: qơɭǫȇǫnjɃ˖ʧȥŔˊȥǬʋŔɭŔljŔŹŔȇȟŔɽǬ

Keratokonus

- ‘ȶɭȥơŔȥǬȥɃȥơƎȶǐɭʠŹȶȟŹơȍơʂȟơɽǫȥơʽơɭǫȍơȥ
ǫɽǫȟƎǫɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơơɭȇơȥƎɃȥơȟƎơȇȶȥʋŔȇʋȍơȥɽ࡫
ǫȍơɭȍơȟǫʂʽŔȇŔȍŔɭƎŔȇơɭŔʋȶɢȍŔɽʋǫʋơɭƃǫǠơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ

Görme Fizyoloji

- ‘ȶɭȥơŔȇǬɭǬƃǬȍǬǐǬࡪࠃࠂƎǫˊȶɢʋɭǫ࡫
- •ơȥɽǫȥȇǬɭǬƃǬȍǬǐǬࠁ߿ƎǫˊȶɢʋɭǫƎǫɭࡲ
- eɃɭȟơơȇɽơȥǫȥơɢŔɭŔȍơȍnjơȍơȥǬʂǬȥȍŔɭǬȥȇȶɭȥơŔ
ʽơȍơȥɽʋơȇǬɭǬȍƎǬȇʋŔȥɽȶȥɭŔɭơʋǫȥŔƎŔȶƎŔȇȍŔʂǬɭࡲ

Emetropi: ȇǬɭȟŔȇʠɽʠɭʠȶȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
Ametropi: ȶƎŔȇȍŔʂȟŔȥǬȥɭơʋǫȥŔɃȥʧʽơˊŔ
ŔɭȇŔɽǬȥƎŔȶȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
Miyopi: ǠǫɢơɭȟơʋɭȶɢǫʽơŔɽʋǫnjȟŔʋǫ˖ȟŔȶȍŔɭŔȇࠂ
ʂơȇǫȍƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

eÄŁ‘áhzqòþ•z‘•èz

ŹȍơljŔɭȶȥࡪeɃ˖ȇŔɢŔǐǬȥǬȥȶȍȟŔȟŔɽǬȥŔʽơɭǫȍơȥ
ǫɽǫȟƎǫɭࡲ
‘ȶȍȶŹȶȟࡪeɃ˖ȇŔɢŔǐǬȥǬȥȟơƎǫŔȍˊȶȇȍʠǐʠȥƎŔ
ʽơɭǫȍơȥǫɽǫȟƎǫɭࡲ
FȥʋɭȶɢǫȶȥࡪeɃ˖ȇŔɢŔǐǬȥǬȥǫƇơƎȶǐɭʠƎɃȥȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
‘ŔɢŔȇȇơȥŔɭȍŔɭǬǫƇơƎɃȥƎʧǐʧȥƎơȥƎȶȍŔˊǬȇǫɭɢǫȇȍơɭ
njɃ˖ʧʋŔǠɭǫʂơƎơɭŹʠȥƎŔȥƎȶȍŔˊǬȇȶɭȥơŔʽơ
ȇȶȥǿʠȇʋǫʽŔǫȍʋǫˊŔɢȍŔɭǬȥŔȥơƎơȥȶȍʠɭࡲࢎȇǬɭȟǬ˖Ǭ
ȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔ࡫ɽʠȍŔȥȟŔ࢏
FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥǫɽơȥǫȍơʋɭȶɢǫƎǫɭࡲࢎ‘ŔɽʋȶȥʠɽʠŔ˖ŔȍǬɭࡲ࢏

53

Ektropion: eɃ˖ȇŔɢŔǐǬȥǬȥȇơȥŔɭȍŔɭǬƎǬʂŔƎɃȥơɭ࡫
ŹʠȍŹŔɭʽơȇŔɢŔȇȇȶȥǿʠȇʋǫʽŔɽǬŔƇǬȇʋŔȇŔȍǬɭࡲFȇɽɢȶǿʠɭ
ȇơɭŔʋǫʋǫȥơ࡫ȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔǠǫɢơɭʋɭȶljǫɽǫȥơȥơƎơȥȶȍʠɭࡲ
Logoftalmus: eɃ˖ʧȥŔƇǬȇȇŔȍȟŔɽǬƎʠɭʠȟʠȥŔ
ʽơɭǫȍơȥǫɽǫȟƎǫɭࡲĪzzɽǫȥǫɭȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
eÄŁ‘áhzƒ•þƒq%zqòþ•z‘•èz
qȶɭƎơȶȍʠȟࢎɭɢŔƃǬȇ࢏ࡪeɃ˖ȇŔɢŔǐǬŹơ˖ȍơɭǫȥƎơŔǐɭǬ
ʽơʂǫʂȍǫȇˊŔɢŔȥnjɃ˖ȇŔɢŔǐǬŹơ˖ȍơɭǫȥǫȥŔȇʠʋ
ɽʋŔljǫȍȶȇȶȇɽǫȇǫȍʋǫǠŔŹǬƎǬɭࡲǐɭǬȍǬǫȍʋǫǠŔŹǬƎʠɭʠȟƎʠɭࡲ
54
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
÷ŔȍŔ˖ˊȶȥ
- eɃ˖ȇŔɢŔǐǬŹơ˖ȍơɭǫȥǫȥࢎ¡ơǫŹȶȟǫʠɽ࢏ȇɭȶȥǫȇǫȍʋǫǠŔŹǬ
ȍǫɢȶnjɭŔȥʠȍȶȟʠƎʠɭࡲ
- 7ǫˊŔŹơʋǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥƎŔɽǬȇʋơȇɭŔɭơƎơɭʽơɽɢȶȥʋŔȥ
Ǝʧ˖ơȍȟơ˖ɽơƃơɭɭŔǠǫȶȍŔɭŔȇƇǬȇŔɭʋǬȍǬɭࡲ
%ȍơljŔɭǫʋ
- eɃ˖ȇŔɢŔȇȍŔɭǬȥƎŔʂǫʂȍǫȇʽơȇǬ˖ŔɭǬȇȍǬȇࡷȇǫɭɢǫȇȍ
ƎǫɢȍơɭǫȥƎơǫɽơȇŔŹʠȇȍŔȥȟŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
òơŹȶɭơǫȇ%ȍơljŔɭǫʋ
- ȍǬȥ࡫ȇʠȍŔȇʽơɽŔƇȍǬƎơɭǫƎơɽơŹȶɭŔʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơȇǬɽŔɽʧɭơȍǫȇȍȶɭʋǫ˖ȶȥȍʠȟơɭǠơȟ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
òʋŔljǫȍȶȇȶȇɽǫȇ%ȍơljljŔɭǫʋ
- òʠɢʠɭŔʋǫljȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭȶȍʠʂʋʠɭŔɭŔȇȇɭʠʋȍŔɭʽơȇǫɭɢǫȇ
dökülmesine neden olabǫȍǫɭࡲ‘ŔɢŔȇȇơȥŔɭȍŔɭǬ
ȇǬɭȟǬ˖ǬƎǬɭࡲ
- òʠȍljȶȥŔȟǫƎȍǫȟơɭǠơȟȍơɭȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
eÄŁ‘áhzþĔ¡Äè•Fèƒ
- eɃ˖ȇŔɢŔǐǬȥǬȥơȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥȟŔȍǫnjȥʋʧȟɃɭʧ
ŹŔ˖ŔȍǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟƎʠɭࡲ
- eɃ˖ȇŔɢŔǐǬȥǬȥơȥɽǬȇŹơȥǫnjȥʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭǫȥơʽʠɽ࡫
ȥɃɭȶljǫŹɭȶȟ࡫ǠơȟŔȥǿǫȶȟʽơȟȟȶȍȍʠɽȇʠȟ
konʋŔnjǫȶɽʠȟƎʠɭࡲ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

‘¶¥č¥‘þƒĪqòþ•z‘•èz Īƒè•‘¶¥č¥‘þƒĪƒþ•Fè

Konjunktivitler ࠀࡲbŔɭǫȥnjȶȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔȍŔʋơʂ
ࡧFʋȇơȥŔƎơȥȶʽǫɭʧɽʋǫɢࠂ࡫ࠃ࡫ࠆࢫƎǫɭࡲ
%Ŕȇʋơɭǫˊơȍ‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋȍơɭ ࡧqŔɽʋŔȍŔɭȇȍǫȥǫǐơˊʧȇɽơȇŔʋơʂ࡫ȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋʽơ
ȇʠʋ%Ŕȇʋơɭǫˊơȍ‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋ ŹȶǐŔ˖ŔǐɭǬɽǬǫȍơŹŔʂʽʠɭʠɭࡲ
- qŔɽʋŔȍŔɭnjɃ˖ȇȍǫȥǫǐǫȥơǠǫɢơɭơȟǫ࡫ŹŔʋȟŔ࡫ ࡧ¡ʠŔˊơȥơƎơǠŔɽɽŔɽȶȍȟŔˊŔȥŹʧˊʧȇɢɭơŔʠɭǫȇʠȍŔɭ
ƇŔɢŔȇȍŔȥȟŔʽơnjɃ˖ȇŔɢŔȇȍŔɭǬȥǬȥˊŔɢǬʂȟŔɽǬ ȍơȥljȥȶƎʠnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ʂǫȇŔˊơʋǫˊȍơŹŔʂʽʠɭʠɭȍŔɭࡲ
- bȶʋȶljȶŹǫʽơŔǐɭǬˊȶȇʋʠɭࡲ 2. Epidemik keratokonjunktivit
- FȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥȍơɭǫòࡲŔʠɭơʠɽʽơơɢǫƎơɭȟǫƎǫɽʋǫɭࡲ ࡧFȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥǫƎơȥȶʽǫɭʧɽʋǫɢࠇ࡫ࠀࠈࢫƎʠɭࡲ
ˊɭǬƃŔòࡲɢȥȶȟȶȥǫࢫƎơơʋȇơȥȍơɭŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔƎǬɭࡲ ࡧ‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔƎŔȇŔȥŔȟŔȍŔɭʽơ
ɢɽơƎȶȟơȟŹɭŔȥȍŔɭȍŔɽơˊɭơƎơɭࡲbȶȍȍǫȇʠȍơɭ
ȇơɭŔʋȶȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋˊŔɢŔɭȍŔɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ʠȍŔǐǬȥɃȥʧȥƎơŹʧˊʧȇʽơŔǐɭǬȍǬ•áˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ȶɭȥơŔƎʠˊŔɭȍǬȍǬǐǬŹȶ˖ʠȍȟŔ˖ࡲ

‘ǬɭȟǬ˖ǬeɃ˖¥ơƎơȥȍơɭǫ

ࡧ%ȍơljŔɭǫʋ • Hordeolum
ࡧ÷ŔȍŔ˖ˊȶȥ ࡧ%Ŕȇʋơɭǫˊơȍ‘ȶȥǿȶȥȇʋǫʽǫʋ
ࡧčʽơǫʋ ࡧ7ŔɭŔƇǬȍǬnjȍȶȇȶȟ
3. Akut hemorajik konjunktivit (Apollo XI
ࡧ¶ɭŹǫʋŔȍòơȍȍʧȍǫʋ
‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋǫ࢏
ࡧĪǫɭŔȍ‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋ
ࡧFȥʋơɭȶʽǫɭʧɽʋǫɢࠆ߿࡫ƃȶȇɽŔȇǫʋǫɢࠁࠃʽơŔƎơȥȶʽǫɭʧɽ
• Allerjik Konǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋ
ơʋȇơȥȍơɭȶȍʠɢɽʠŹȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔȍȇŔȥŔȟŔˊȍŔ
ࡧ‘ȶɭȥơŔȍFȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭࢎĔȍɽơɭŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ࢏
ɽơˊɭơƎơȥŔȇʠʋljȶȍȍǫȇʠȍơɭȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋˊŔɢŔɭȍŔɭࡲ

qǫɢơɭŔȇʠʋ%Ŕȇʋơɭǫˊơȍ‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋࢎȇʠʋáʧɭʧȍŔȥ
‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋ࢏
- Fʋȇơȥ¥ơǫɽɽơɭǫŔnjȶȥȶɭǠơŔƎǬɭࡲÄɭȥơȇʋơnjɭŔȟࢎ-࢏
ƎǫɢȍȶȇȶȇȍŔɭnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- Ä˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơˊơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫȥơࢎȶȶljʋŔȍȟǫȶ
ȥơȶȥŔʋŔɭʠȟ࢏ɽơŹơɢȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࠃࡲqơɭɢơɽòǫȟɢȍơˉĪǫɭʧɽ‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋࢎ7ơȥƎɭǫʋǫȇ
‘ơɭŔʋȶȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋ࢏
ࡧþơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊǬƃǬȇơɭŔʋȶȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋˊŔɢŔɭȍŔɭࡲ
ࡧeɃ˖ȇŔɢŔȇȍŔɭǬȥƎŔǠơɭɢơʋǫȇʽơ˖ǫȇʧȍȍơɭ
ȶȍʠʂʋʠɭʠɭȍŔɭࡲ
ࡧ7ŔǠŔƇȶȇƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔȇȶɭȥơŔȍƎơȥƎɭǫʋȍơɭǫƇơɭơȥ
ȇơɭŔʋǫʋȍơɭȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲࢨqŔɭǫʋŔࢩŹơȥ˖ơɭǫʽơ
ࢨƎơȥƎɭǫʋǫȇࢩʧȍɽơɭȶȍʠʂʋʠɭʠɭȍŔɭࡲ

YơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥ‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋǫ
ࡧࠀࡲ– ࠁࡲnjʧȥॻȇǫȟˊŔɽŔȍࢎnj¥¶ࠂ࢏
ࡧࠁࡲ– ࠃࡲeʧȥॻnjȶȥȶȇȶȇɽǫȇࡸqòĪ
ࡧࠃࡲ– ࠀࠃࡲeĔ¥ॻȇȍŔȟǫƎˊŔȍ
ࡧࠀࠃࡲ– ࠀࠆࡲeʧȥɢɽơʠƎȶȟŔȥɽ
- ƃǫȍʋơƎŔʽǫnjơɭơȇʋǫɭࡲþơʋɭŔɽǫȇȍǫȥ࡫‘ȍȶɭŔȟljơȥǫȇŔȍ࡫
áơȥǫɽǫȍǫȥȍǫƎŔȟȍŔࡲ

‘ɭȶȥǫȇ%Ŕȇʋơɭǫˊơȍ‘ȶȥǿȶȥȇʋǫʽǫʋ
- FȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥòʋŔljǫȍȶȇȶȇȇʠɽŔʠɭơʠɽࢫʋʠɭࡲ

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••F荃‘‘¶¥č¥‘þƒĪƒþ•Fè
1. Saman Nezlesi Konjunktiviti:
ࡧeơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơŔɽʋǬȟʽơˊŔŔȍơɭǿǫȇɭǫȥǫʋnjǫŹǫŹǫɭŔȍơɭǿǫȇ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥǬȥơʂȍǫȇơʋʋǫǐǫȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋʋǫɢǫƎǫɭࡲ1ǫƇơȇ
ʋȶ˖ȍŔɭǬ࡫ǠŔˊʽŔȥʋʧˊȍơɭǫnjǫŹǫʠƇʠʂŔȥŔȍơɭǿơȥȍơɭơ
ȇŔɭʂǬƎʠˊŔɭȍǬȍǬǐŔŹŔǐȍǬȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔȥǬȥ
ɽǫʋȶȍȶǿǫȇǫȥƃơȍơȟơɽǫȥƎơơȶ˖ǫȥȶljǫȍȍơɭnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơɽȶǐʠȇȇȶȟɢɭơɽ࡫ɽʋơɭȶǫƎʽơȇɭȶȟȶȍǫȥ
ɽȶƎˊʠȟȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࠁࡲĪơɭȥŔȍ‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋࢎ%ŔǠŔɭ¥ơ˖ȍơɽǫ࢏
ࡧ7ŔǠŔƇȶȇơɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơʽơɽǬƃŔȇǫȇȍǫȟŹɃȍnjơȍơɭǫȥƎơ
njɃɭʧȍơȥ࡫ǫȍȇŹŔǠŔɭŔˊȍŔɭǬȥƎŔɢȶȍơȥȍơɭǫȥʋơʋǫȇȍơƎǫǐǫ࡫
ǠơɭơƎǫʋơɭ Ƀ˖ơȍȍǫȇʋŔʂǬȟŔˊŔȥ࡫ŹơɭŔŹơɭǫȥƎơŔɽʋǬȟ-
ɭǫȥǫʋnjɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍơȥȇŔʂǬȥȟŔȇǬ˖ŔɭȟŔǫȍơɽơˊɭơƎơȥ
ŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍŔȍơɭǿǫȇȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋʋǫɭࡲbȶʋȶljȶŹǫ࡫ȇŔʂǬȥȟŔ
ŹȍơljŔɭȶɽɢŔ˖ȟʂǫȇŔˊơʋȍơɭǫˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
ࡧहࠅ߿– हࠇ߿áá7ɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧáŔȍɢơŹɭŔƎŔ ɽʧʋȍʧŹơˊŔ˖njɃɭʧȥʋʧ࡫ʋŔɭɽࢫƎŔƎơʽ
papillalar ࢨȇŔȍƎǬɭǬȟʋŔʂǬࢩ ˊŔɢǬɭࡲ
ࡧ%ʠǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơŔʋŔɢǫǠǫȇŔˊơɽǫ
ȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơࡷɽȶǐʠȇȇȶȟɢɭơɽˊȶȥʠˊnjʠȍŔȟŔɽǬ࡫
ʽŔ˖ȶȇȶȥɽʋɭǫȇʋɃɭȍơɭ࡫ŔȥʋǫǠǫɽʋŔȟǫȥǫȇȍơɭ࡫ȟŔɽʋǠʧƃɭơ
ɽʋŔŹǫȍǫ˖ŔʋɃɭȍơɭǫʽơŔǐǬɭʽŔȇŔȍŔɭƎŔʋȶɢǫȇŔȍɽʋơɭȶǫƎȍơɭ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
56
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
Soru
ࠀ࢏ʂŔǐǬƎŔȇilerden hangisi vernal
ȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋǫȥɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭǫȥƎơȥŹǫɭǫƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭࡳ
࢏FȇɽơɭǫˊơʋȍơɢʠŹơɭʋơɃȥƃơɽǫŹŔʂȍŔȟŔɽǬ
%࢏‘ŔȍǬʋɽŔȍnjơƇǫɽǫȥɽɃ˖ȇȶȥʠɽʠȶȍȟŔɽǬ
-࢏òȶǐʠȇʋŔɭɽȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔɽǬȥƎŔȇŔȍƎǬɭǬȟʋŔʂǬȥƎŔ
ɢŔǫȍȍŔȍŔɭnjɃɭʧȍȟơɽǫ
F࢏‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔƎŔljǫŹɭǫȥɃ˖ɢɽơʠƎȶȟơȟŹɭŔȥȍŔɭ
ȶȍʠʂȟŔɽǬ
3. Fliktenli Konjunktivit
- þʠŹơɭȇʠȍȶɢɭȶʋơǫȥȍơɭơȇŔɭʂǬnjơȍǫʂơȥŹǫɭnjơƃǫȇȟǫʂ
ǠǫɢơɭɽơȥɽǫʋǫʽǫʋơɭơŔȇɽǫˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔƎŔࠀ-
ࠂȟȟƇŔɢǬȥƎŔ࡫ȟʠȍʋǫɢȍʧȍɽơɭŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭƎŔȟŔɭȍŔɭʽơ
Ǡǫɢơɭơȟǫȇȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- þŔŹŔȥǬȍǫȟŹʠɽʋŔ olan sonra ɽȇŔɭŹǬɭŔȇȟŔƎŔȥ
ǫˊǫȍơʂơȥljȍǫȇʋơȥȍơɭȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ
4. Dev Papiller Konjunktivit
- 7ơʽɢŔɢǫȍȍơɭȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋȇȶȥʋŔȇʋȍơȥɽ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥŔȥȍŔɭƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲþǫɢࠀǠǫɢơɭɽȥɽǫʋǫʽǫʋơ
ɭơŔȇɽǫˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ
- •ơȥɽǫȥƇǬȇŔɭǬȍȟŔɽǬʽơȇǬɽŔɽʧɭơȍǫࢎࠀ– ࠁǠŔljʋŔ࢏
ɽʋơɭȶǫƎʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫ ǫȍơʋŔȟŔȟơȥƎʧ˖ơȍǫɭŹʠȥơƎơȥȍơ
ơȥǫˊǫɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ȍʠŔȍơɭǿǫȇȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋʋǫɭࡲ
5. Atopik konjunktivit
- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơŔʋȶɢǫȇƎơɭȟŔʋǫʋơơʂȍǫȇơƎơɭࡲ‘ȶɭȥơŔʽơ
ȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔƎŔɽȇŔɭȍŔɭȶȍʠʂʋʠɭʠɭࡲ
- %ʠȥơƎơȥƎơȥƎȶȍŔˊǬɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ʠơȥȇɃʋʧȶȍŔȥ
alerjik konjunktivittir.
KLAMƒ7ĵ•‘¶¥č¥‘þƒĪƒþ•Fè
ࠀࡲĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥǬȥǫȥȇȍʠ˖ˊȶȥȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋǫ
- Fʋȇơȥ-ࡲþɭŔƃǠȶȟŔʋǫɽ7-‘ɽơɭȶʋǫɢǫƎǫɭࡲ
ĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥƎŔnjɃɭʧȍơȥȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋȍơɭƎơȥơȥɽǬȇ
njɃɭʧȍơȥǫƎǫɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫɽʠȍljȶȥŔȟǫƎƎŔȟȍŔȍŔɭǬʽơˊŔʋơʋɭŔɽǫȇȍǫȥȍǫ
ȟơɭǠơȟȍơɭȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲࢎơȥŔ˖ࠂǠŔljʋŔ࢏
ࠁࡲFɭǫʂȇǫȥƒȥȇȍʠ˖ˊȶȥ‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋǫ
- ȇʠʋljȶȍǫȇʠȍơɭȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋȶȍŔɭŔȇŹŔʂȍŔɭʽơ
ɽǬȇȍǬȇȍŔȇɭȶȥǫȇȍơʂǫɭࡲþơȇʋŔɭŔljȍǬǠǫɢơɭơȟǫȇnjɃ˖࡫
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

ȟʧȇȶɢʠɭʠȍŔȥŔȇǬȥʋǬ࡫ǠŔɽɽŔɽɢɭơŔʠɭǫȇʠȍŔɭȍơȥlj Pterigium: áǫȥnjơȇʠȍŔʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơȥnjơȍǫʂơȥʽơ

ȥȶƎʠʽơljȶȍǫȇʠȍơɭȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋˊŔɢŔɭࡲ ȇȶɭȥơŔȥǬȥʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơȥnjơȍǫʂơȥʽơȇȶɭȥơŔȥǬȥ
- ࠂǠŔljʋŔɽʧɭơˊȍơʋơʋɭŔɽǫȇȍǫȥʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫʠˊnjʠȍŔȥǬɭࡲ ʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơȥǫȍơɭȍơˊơȥʧƇnjơȥǫȟɽǫƎȶȇʠȶȍʠɢʋơƎŔʽǫ
ơȇɽǫ˖ˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲ

3. Trahom

- FʋȇơȥȇȍŔȟǫƎˊŔʋɭŔȇɽȶȟŔʋǫɽʋǫɭࡲࢎ-B-BA-C
òʠʂȍŔɭǬ࢏
- %ǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍȇɭȶȥǫȇljȶȍǫȇʠȍơɭȇơɭŔʋȶȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋʋǫɭࡲ
- ȇʠʋljȶȍǫȇʠȍơɭȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽǫʋǫȥơʋȇơȥǫ
ŔƎơȥȶʽǫɭʧɽʋʠɭࡲ
- FȥnjơȍȍơȥơŹǫȍơȥȇɃɭȇȍʧȇȍơɭǫȥơȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥǫƎǫɭࡲ
- ࠀࡲòơȥǫȍ‘ŔʋŔɭŔȇʋ࡫ࠁࡲeȍȶȇȶȟ

‘¶¥č¥‘þƒĪþĔ¡Äè•Fèƒ

‘ȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔƎŔȇǫɢǫnjȟơȥʋơȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭƎŔ
ȟŔȍǫnjȥȍơʂơŹǫȍơȥɢɭǫȟơɭŔȇȇǫ˖ȟơȍŔȥȶ˖ǫɽࢎá¡࢏
veya maȍǫnjȥȟơȍŔȥȶȟȶȍŔŹǫȍơƃơǐǫȥƎơȥƇǬȇŔɭǬȍȟŔɽǬ
njơɭơȇǫɭࡲ

KORNEA HASTALIKLARI

ࡧáŔȥȥʠɽࢎʽŔɽȇʠȍŔɭǫ˖ơȇȶɭȥơŔ࢏
ࡧqơɭŹơɭʋƇʠȇʠɭȍŔɭǬࢎȍǫȟŹŔȍŹɃȍnjơƎơƇʠȇʠɭȍŔɭ࢏
ࡧɭǫȍʋƇǫ˖njǫȍơɭǫࢎʧɽʋȇŔɢŔȇʋŔɽȇŔɭ࢏
- òŔˊƎŔȟȶȍŔȥȇȶɭȥơŔnjɃ˖ʧȥǫȍȇʽơơȥȇǬɭǬƃǬ
ȶɭʋŔȟǬƎǬɭࡲ
- ¥ȶɭȟŔȍ ȇȶɭȥơŔˊŔɢǬɽǬɽŔǐȍŔȟȶȍȟŔȇȍŔŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơ
njȶȥȶȇȶȇ࡫Ǝǫljʋơɭǫ࡫ǠơȟȶljǫȍʠɽʽơȍǫɽʋơɭǫŔ ȇȶɭȥơŔˊǬ
ƎǫɭơȇʋǫȥʽŔ˖ơơƎơŹǫȍȟơˊơʋơȥơǐǫȥơɽŔǠǫɢʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ȶɭȥơŔơɢǫʋơȍǫƇȶȇȇŔʋȍǬˊŔɽɽǬơɢǫʋơȍƎǫɭࡲ

7FF¥Fèþƒb‘¶¥č¥‘þƒĪ•qòþ•z‘•è
Pingekula: %ʠȍŹŔɭȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔƎŔȇȶɭȥơŔȥǬȥǠơɭǫȇǫ
ʋŔɭŔljǬȥƎŔȶȍʠʂŔȥɽŔɭǬȟɽǬȇŔŹŔɭȶȍȇǫʋȍơƎǫɭࡲ
‘¶è¥Fƒ•þƒqá•¥¡•èzࢎ‘ơɭŔʋǫʋ࢏
- eɃ˖ǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭǫˊȍơŔɭʋŔȥŔǐɭǬʋǫɢǫȇŹʠȍnjʠɽʠƎʠɭࡲ
- bȶʋȶljȶŹǫʽơnjɃ˖ˊŔʂŔɭȟŔɽǬnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲbȶʋȶljȶŹǫˊǫ
ɃȥȍơȟơȇǫƇǫȥǠŔɽʋŔnjɃ˖ʧȥʧȇŔɢŔʋǬɭࡲ
ࢎ%ȍơljŔɭȶɽɢŔ˖ȟ࢏

F¥bF‘òƒĵÄŁ‘Fèþƒþ•Fè

%Ŕȇʋơɭǫˊơȍ‘ơɭŔʋǫʋ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇ
òࡲŔʠɭơʠɽࢫǫȥ
ȶȍʠʂʋʠɭƎʠǐʠʽơ
ȇơɭŔʋǫʋʋǫɢȍơɭǫ
ǫƇǫȥƎơơȥɽǬȇ
njɃɭʧȍơȥǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ȶȥʋŔȇʋȍơȥɽ
kullananlarda
ǫɽơƎŔǠŔƇȶȇ
áࡲơɭʠnjǫȥȶɽŔˊŔŹŔǐȍǬȇơɭŔʋǫʋ njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

57
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

Viral Keratit

- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơǠơɭɢơɽȍơɭơŹŔǐȍǬȶȍŔɭŔȇnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
KorneaƎŔƎơȥƎɭǫʋǫȇʧȍɽơɭˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
- ‘ǫʂǫȥǫȥǫȟȟʠȥƎǫɭơȥƃǫȥǫȥ˖ŔˊǬljȍŔȥȟŔɽǬʽơɽʋơɭȶǫƎ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥȟŔɽǬȥŔŹŔǐȍǬȶȍŔɭŔȇʧȍɽơɭnjơȥǫʂȍơɭʽơ
ǿơȶnjɭŔljǫȇʧȍɽơɭȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ

Fungal Keratit

- bʠȥnjŔȍȇơɭŔʋǫʋǫȥơȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥȍơɭǫƃŔȥƎǫƎŔ࡫
ŔɽɢơɭnjǫȍȍʠɽʋʧɭȍơɭǫƎǫɭࡲ
- Ä˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơȇơȟȶʋơɭŔɢǫʽơʠ˖ʠȥɽʧɭơȍǫɽʋơɭȶǫƎ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬȥŔŹŔǐȍǬȶȍŔɭŔȇnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲþơƎŔʽǫƎơʋȶɢǫȇŔȍ
Ŕȟljȶʋơɭǫɽǫȥ%ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ Nöroparalitik Keratit

Akantemeoba Keratiti
- ‘ȶȥʋŔȇʋȍơȥɽȍơɭǫˊȍơɽʠˊŔnjǫɭơȥȇǫʂǫȍơɭƎơnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
- Prognozu en kötü olan keratit tipidir.
- ǐɭǬɽǬ˖ȇơɭŔʋǫʋʋơƎơȥǫɭࡲbŔɽˊŔȍȥơʽɭŔȍǿǫȍơɭ࡫Ǡơɭɢơɽ
ʽơŔȍȇŔȍǫˊŔȥǬȇȍŔɭƎŔȥɽȶȥɭŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- ‘ȶɭȥơŔƎʠˊŔɭȍǬȍǬǐǬŔ˖ŔȍȟǬʂʋǬɭʽơnjɃ˖ȇǬɭɢȟŔ
ɭơljȍơȇɽǫƎơ˖ŔˊǬljȍŔȥȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫˊơƎǫɭơȥƇȍǫƎǫɭࡲ

KERATOKONUS

- ‘ȶɭȥơŔŹȶȟŹơȍǫǐǫȥǫȥǫȥƃơȍơɭơȇɃȥơƎȶǐɭʠȇɭȶȥǫȇ
ŹǫɭˊŔɢǬȇŔ˖ŔȥȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ%ʠȥŔŹŔǐȍǬȶȍarak
ŔɽʋǫnjȟŔʋǫ˖ȟȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍǫɭࡲ
- %ʠǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔnjɃ˖ȍʧȇǫʂơˊaramaz ve kontakt
lens endikasyonu ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- qŔɽʋŔȍǬȇǫȍơɭȍơƎǫǐǫȥƎơȇơɭŔʋȶɢȍŔɽʋǫˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ

ƒȥʋơɭɽʋǫʋǫɽˊơȍ‘ơɭŔʋǫʋ

FʋǫˊȶȍȶǿǫɽǫȥƎơɽǫljǫȍǫ˖࡫ʋʧŹơɭȇʧȍȶ˖ʽơȍơɢɭŔ olan
ȇȶɭȥơŔȥǬȥɽʠɢʠɭŔʋǫljȶȍȟŔˊŔȥǫȍʋǫǠŔŹǬƎǬɭࡲþơƎŔʽǫƎơ
ʋȶɢǫȇŔȍɽʋơɭȶǫƎʽơɭǫȍǫɭࡲ

NON-F¥bF‘òƒĵ¶Ł‘Fèþƒþ•Fè

Exposure keratit

- bŔɽǫˊŔȍɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫ࡫ʋɭǫȇǫˊŔ˖ǫɽ࡫ơȇʋɭȶɢǫȶȥ࡫ʋǫɭȶǫƎ
oftalmopatisi njǫŹǫȇȶɭȥơŔȥǬȥƎǬʂơʋȇơȥȍơɭƎơȥ
korunmasǬȥǬɽŔǐȍŔˊŔȥȟơȇŔȥǫ˖ȟŔȍŔɭǬȥ
Źȶ˖ʠȍȟŔɽǬˊȍŔȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭࡲ
- ‘ȶɭȥơŔɃȥˊʧ˖ʧȥƎơȇʠɭʠȟŔˊŔɢŔɭʽơŔǐǬɭ SKLERA HASTALIKLARI
ȶȍnjʠȍŔɭƎŔȇȶơȥŔƎŔɢơɭljȶɭŔɽˊȶȥŔȇŔƎŔɭnjǫƎơɭࡲ
Episklerit

- ‘ǬɭȟǬ˖ǬnjɃ˖࡫ljȶʋȶljȶŹǫ࡫ȍŔȇɭǫȟŔɽˊȶȥʽơǠŔljǫljŔǐɭǬ
ȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ
- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơɽơŹơŹǫŹơȍȍǫƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭ࡫ʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫȍȶȇŔȍ
ɽʋơɭȶǫƎƎǫɭࡲ

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Supuratif Uveit

- FȥɽǬȇstafilokoklara ŹŔǐȍǬƎǬɭࡲˊɭǬƃŔ
ɽʋɭơʋȶȇȶȇȍŔɭƎŔˊŔɢŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲĪǫʋɭơʠɽʋŔɢʧɭʧȍŔȥ
ơȇɽʠƎŔȍŔɭ࡫Ǡǫɢȶɢˊȶȥ࡫ơȥƎȶljʋŔȍȟǫ࡫ɢŔȥȶljʋŔȍȟǫʽơ
ɽɢȶȥʋŔȥɢơɭljȶɭŔɽˊȶȥ ˊŔɢŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

Granulomatoz Uveit

- þȶȇɽȶɢȍŔ˖ȟŔʽơʋʧŹơɭȇʧȍȶ˖ŔŹŔǐȍǬȶȍʠʂŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơŔɭȇŔɽơnjȟơȥʋǫʋʠʋŔɭʽơơɢǫʋơȍȶǫƎƎơʽ
Ǡʧƃɭơȍơɭȍơ࡫ȍơȥljȶɽǫʋʋơȥȶȍʠʂŔȥȥȶƎʧȍȍơɭǫȍơ
ȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ
Sklerit

‘ȶȍȍŔǿơȥƎȶȇʠǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬʽơʋʧŹơɭȇʧȍȶ˖njǫŹǫ
ɽǫɽʋơȟǫȇǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭơʋȇơȥȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ÷ǫƎƎơʋȍǫŔǐɭǬ Koeppe Nodul
ȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲþơƎŔʽǫƎơɽǫɽʋơȟǫȇɽʋơɭȶǫƎʽơɭǫȍǫɭࡲ

UVEA HASTALIKLARI

Busacca Nodul

Otoimmun Uveit

- FȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥȍơɭǫ %ơǠƇơʋʽơq•-%ࠁࠆ ɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljȍǫǐǫ

ŹʠȍʠȥŔȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭŔŹŔǐȍǬȶʋȶǫȟȟʠȥȥơƎơȥȍơɭƎǫɭࡲ
- ‘ǬɭȟǬ˖ǬnjɃ˖࡫ŹʠȍŔȥǬȇnjɃɭȟơʽơǠŔljǫljŔǐɭǬ
ȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ

- þơƎŔʽǫƎơŔʋɭȶɢǫȥnjǫŹǫɽǫȇȍȶɢȍơǿǫȇȍơɭǫȍȇ
ɽơƇơȥơȇʋǫɭࡲ%ʠȥȍŔɭɽǫȍǫơɭȇŔɽʋŔnjơƇǫƃǫɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫ
ˊŔɢŔɭŔȇŔǐɭǬˊǬŔ˖ŔȍʋǬɭʽơɢʠɢǫȍȍŔˊǬƎǫȍŔʋơơƎơɭơȇ
ŔɭȇŔʂǫȥơʂǫˊǫŔ˖ŔȍʋǬɭȍŔɭࡲ
- òʋơɭȶǫƎʽơǫȟȟʠȥɽʠɢɭơɽɽǫljȍơɭȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ

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čĪFþĔ¡Äè•Fèƒ •Ä‘¶‘¶èƒ
- %ơȥǫnjȥơȥɽǬȇȥơʽʠɽȍơɭ࡫ȟŔȍǫnjȥȶȍŔɭŔȇɽŔ - FȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥơɭʋǫȥȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟƎʠɭࡲࢎ1ȶƃʠȇ࢏
melanom ɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ - èơʋǫȥŔƎơȇȶȍȟŔȥǬ
- ¡ơȍŔȥȶȟȇŔɭȶǫƎơˊơɭȍơʂơɭơȇɭơʋǫȥŔƎơȇȶȍȟŔȥǬȥŔ - qáĪ
ˊȶȍŔƇŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ - Toksokara ƃŔȥǫɽʽơƃŔʋǫ
- ‘ŔʋŔɭŔȇʋࢎĵơʋǫʂȇǫȥ࢏
- áɭơȟŔʋʠɭɭơʋǫȥȶɢŔʋǫɽǫ
KATARAKT
- •ơȥɽǫȥɽŔˊƎŔȟȍǬǐǬȥǬȇŔˊŹơƎǫɢȟŔʋȍŔʂȟŔɽǬȥŔ
ȇŔʋŔɭŔȇʋŔƎǬʽơɭǫȍǫɭࡲ èFþƒ¥qòþ•z‘•èz
- 1ȶƃʠȇȍʠȇʽơˊơʋǫʂȇǫȥȍǫȇƎɃȥơȟǫȥǫȥơȥŹŔʂʋŔ
gelen lökokori nedenlerindendir. èơʋǫȥŔ7ŔȟŔɭqŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬ
- þơƎŔʽǫơƎǫȍȟơ˖ɽơŔȟŹȍǫȶɢǫnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ ࡲòŔȥʋɭŔȍèơʋǫȥŔȍɭʋơɭþǬȇŔȥǬȇȍǬǐǬ
- ĵŔʂȍǬȍŔɭƎŔʋơȇʋŔɭŔljȍǬ࡫ŔȥǫŔǐɭǬɽǬ˖njɃɭȟơȇŔˊŹǬȥŔ
ȥơƎơȥȶȍŔȥɽǬȇȍǬȇȍŔơȟŹȶȍǫȇŔˊȥŔȇȍǬƎʠɭʠȟƎʠɭࡲ
- ¡ʠŔˊơȥơƎơǬʂǬȇɭơljȍơȇɽǫŔȍǬȥȟŔ˖ʽơȟǫƎɭǫŔ˖ǫɽ
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- ¶ljʋŔȍȟȶɽȇȶɢǫƎơljȶʽơŔࢫƎŔȄǩɧȜǩˏǩȢȲȄʄŔ ࢇŠŔɝȲȢ
%Ŕ˃ɧŔǍǩ࢈ njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

%ࡲòŔȥʋɭŔȍèơʋǫȥŔȍĪơȥþǬȇŔȥǬȇȍǬǐǬ
- eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơˊŔʂȍǬȍǬȇ࡫7¡ʽơǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ
ȇŔˊȥŔȇȍǬƎǬɭࡲɭʋơɭʋǬȇŔȥǬȇȍǬǐǬȥŔnjɃɭơƎŔǠŔˊŔʽŔʂʽơ
ŔǐɭǬɽǬ˖njɃɭȟơȇŔˊŹǬˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
- ¶ljʋŔȍȟȶɽȇȶɢǫȇȟʠŔˊơȥơƎơɭơʋǫȥŔȍȇŔȥŔȟŔȍŔɭ
ǠŔȇǫȟƎǫɭʽơǫȍơɭȍơˊơȥƎɃȥơȟȍơɭƎơɢŔɢǫȍɃƎơȟǫ
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
Konjenital Katarakt - bʠȥƎʠɽɃƎơȟȍǫ࡫ơȇɽʠƎŔʋǫljʽơȇȶȥǿơɽơƎǫɭࡲ
- ¥ơȶʽŔɽȇʠȍŔɭǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥŔŹŔǐȍǬɽơȇȶȥƎơɭnjȍȶȇȶȟ
- 1ȶƃʠȇȍʠȇƎɃȥơȟǫȇɃɭȍʧǐʧȥʧȥŹŔʂʋŔnjơȍơȥ
ȶȍʠʂʋʠɭŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ȥơƎơȥȍơɭǫȥƎơƎǫɭࡲ
- •ơȥɽɃȥˊʧ˖ʧȥƎơɢǫnjȟơȥʋơˊʠʽŔɭȍŔȇ halka
ʂơȇȍǫȥƎơȍơ˖ˊȶȥnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- qŔˊŔʋǬȥǫȍȇˊǬȍǬȥƎŔȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍơȥȇŔʋŔɭŔȇʋŔ
Ǝơȥǫɭࡲ
- ‘ŔȍǬʋɽŔȍȶȍȟŔˊŔȥȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍȇŔʋŔɭŔȇʋŔ࡫ɭʠŹơȍȍŔ࡫
ʋȶȇɽȶɢȍŔ˖ȟȶ˖ǫɽ࡫ȇŔŹŔȇʠȍŔȇ࡫ɭơʋɭȶȍơȥʋŔȍljǫŹɭȶɢȍŔ˖ǫ࡫
neonatal hipoglisemi ve hipokalsemi sebep.

Sekonder Katarakt
- FǫɽƃǠȥǫnjǫȥƃǫȍơɭǫŹʠȍʠȥʠɭࡲ
- ȟơȍǫˊŔʋɽȶȥɭŔɽǬnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ

60

èFþƒ¥7F‘¶•¡¥z
- Sensoryal ɭơʋǫȥŔʋŔŹŔȇŔɽǬȥǬȥɢǫnjȟơȥʋ
ơɢǫʋơȍǫȥƎơȥŔˊɭǬȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
- bȶʋȶɢɽǫࢇ˃ŔȢǩɝɷȾȢƟȢǩɻǩȄȊŔɧ࢈ǬʂǬȇƇŔȇȟŔȍŔɭǬ࡫
ˊʧ˖ơȥƃǫɽǫȟȍơɭnjɃɭȟơ࡫njɃɭȟơȇŔˊǬɢȍŔɭǬǫȍơ
ȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ
- ¶ljʋŔȍȟȶɽȇȶɢǫƎơƎơȇȶȍơɭơʋǫȥŔnjɭǫnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
áDõ€¢5DŽ°’ž¢w`D°õ°Úꀢ€¢D¢êwŽ
¢D5D¢€5€á࡯
èơnjȟȶʋȶǿơȥþǫɢࢎĵǬɭʋǬȇȍǬ࢏
ࡧFȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥɭơʋǫȥŔƎơȇȶȍȟŔȥǬʋǫɢǫƎǫɭࡲ
Eksudatif Tip
ࡧqþ࡫njơŹơȍǫȇʋȶȇɽơȟǫɽǫ࡫ȍɃɽơȟǫ࡫ȶɭŔȇǠʧƃɭơȍǫ
Ŕȥơȟǫ࡫ȟơȍŔȥȶȟʽơɽơȟɢŔʋǫȇȶljʋŔȍȟǫƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
Traksiyon Tip
• Diyabetik retinopati ơȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ7ǫˊŔŹơʋʽơʽǫʋɭơʠɽȇŔˊŹǬȥŔȥơƎơȥȶȍŔȥȇŔʋŔɭŔȇʋ
ȶɢơɭŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥơƎơȥȍơɭǫȥƎơȥƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧĪǫʋɭơʠɽǫƇǫȥƎơȇǫljǫŹɭɃ˖ŹŔȥʋȍŔɭǬȥɭơʋǫȥŔˊǬ
Ƈơȇȟơɽǫˊȍơȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫɽǫȟʠʋȍŔȇƃơɭɭŔǠǫƎǫɭࡲ
Retinoblastoma
ࡧ1ȶƃʠȇȍʠȇƇŔǐǬȥǬȥơȥɽǬȇȟŔȍǫnjȥnjɃ˖ʋʧȟɃɭʧƎʧɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ơȥƎǫȍǫǐǫȥƎơȥɭơnjɭơɽơȶȍȟŔȇȍŔŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơǠơɭơƎǫʋơɭ
ȶȍŔȥȍŔɭɽǬȇȍǬȇȍŔŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍʽơȟʠȍʋǫljȶȇŔȍƎǫɭࡲ
• Osteosarkomla ŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơȍǫǐǫɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
ࡧeơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơࠁˊŔʂƃǫʽŔɭǬȥƎŔnjɃ˖ƎơŔǐɭǬ࡫ǠŔɽɽŔɽǫˊơʋ࡫
ȇɃʋʧnjɃɭȟơ࡫ɽʋɭŔŹǫɽȟʠɽʽơɢʠɢǫȍȍŔƎŔȍɃȇȶȇŔɭǫǫȍơ
ƎȶȇʋȶɭŔŹŔʂʽʠɭʠɭȍŔɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ʧƇʧȇȟŔʽǫˊʠʽŔɭȍŔȇǠʧƃɭơȍǫʋʧȟɃɭnjɭʠŹʠndan
ȶȍŔȥɭơʋǫȥȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟƎŔnjơɭƇơȇɭȶ˖ơʋȍơɭࢎljȍơˉơɭ-
ˁǫȥʋơɭɽʋơǫȥơɭ࢏ʽơɢɽɃƎȶɭȶ˖ơʋȍơɭࢎqȶȟơ-ĭɭǫnjǠʋ࢏
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
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ࡧFȥɽǬȇʠ˖ŔȇȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ˊơɭȍơɭǫ¡òò࡫ȇŔljŔʋŔɽǬ࡫ƎǫɽʋŔȍ
ȇơȟǫȇʽơȍơȥljȥȶƎȍŔɭǬƎǬɭࡲ
¶èþƒ%qòþ•z‘•èz
Eksoftalmus
ࡧčȥǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍơȇɽȶljʋŔȍȟʠɽȥơƎơȥȍơɭǫȥƎen orbital
sellutit ƇȶƃʠȇʋŔơȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥƎǫɭࡲ ࢇƟʄǝȜȲǨƌɷǨȢʠˏǨʄƟ
ŸŔǍȊǩ࢈ ˊɭǬƃŔȶɭŹǫʋŔȍɢɽơʠƎȶʋʠȟȶɭʽơʋȶȍȶɽŔ-Ǡʠȥʋ
ɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠȥơƎơȥȍơɭŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ%ǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍơȇɽȶljʋŔȍȟʠɽȥơƎơȥȍơɭǫȥƎơȥɽơơȥɽǬȇ
ǠǫɢơɭʋǫɭȶǫƎǫ࡫njɭŔʽơɽǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ࡫ȇŔʽơɭȥȶ˖ɽǫȥʧɽ
ʋɭȶȟŹȶljȍơŹǫʋǫʽơʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
Enoftalmus
ࡧFȥɽǬȇɽơŹơŹǫȇʧȥʋʋɭŔʽȟŔɽȶȥʠƃʠȶȍʠʂŔȥŹȍȶˁ
ȶʠʋljɭŔȇʋʧɭʧƎʧɭࡲĵŔʂȍǬƎŔơȥɽǬȇȶɭŹǫʋŔȍˊŔǐ
ƎȶȇʠɽʠȥʠȥŔʋɭȶljǫɽǫˊȍơȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
¶ɭŹǫʋŔþʧȟɃrleri
ࡧFȥɽǬȇŹơȥǫnjȥʋʧȟɃɭȇŔʽơɭȥɃ˖ǠơȟŔȥǿǫȶȟƎʠɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇȟŔȍǫȥʋȟơɭǫʂȇǫȥƎơȟŔȍǫnjȥȟơȍŔȥȶȟ࡫
çocukta rabdomyosarkomdur.
òF¡áþƒ‘¶bþ•¡ƒ
ࡧòơȟɢŔʋǫȇȶljʋŔȍȟǫࡷŹǫɭnjɃ˖ƎơɢơȥơʋɭŔȥˊŔɭŔȍŔȥȟŔ
ˊŔƎŔƎŔǠŔɽơˊɭơȇƎơȶȍɽŔƃơɭɭŔǠǫnjǫɭǫʂǫȟǫʋŔȇǫŹơȥ
ǠơɭǫȇǫnjɃ˖ƎơnjơȍǫʂơȥƎǫljljʧ˖njɭŔȥʧȍȶȟŔʋɃ˖
ʋơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊǬƃǬɢŔȥʧʽơǫʋʋŔŹȍȶɽʠƎʠɭࡲ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫƎơɽŔǐȍŔȟnjɃ˖Ǝơʠʽơǫʋ ŹŔʂȍŔȟǬʂɽŔˊȶǐʠȥ
ǫɭǫƎȶɽǫȇȍǫʋʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ7ŔǠŔɽȶȥɭŔ
ǫȟȟʠȥɽʠɢɭơɽǫljʋơƎŔʽǫʠ˖ʠȥˊǬȍȍŔɭˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

÷÷z•z‘ ƇơʽɭơɽǫȥƎơʽơnjɃ˖ȇʧɭơɽǫȥǫɽŔɭŔȥȇȶȥǿʠȥȇʋǫʽŔƎŔ
ࡧFȇɽʋơɭȥŔȍȶljʋŔȍȟȶɢȍơǿǫȍơɭʽơˊŔǫȥʋơɭȥŔȍ ȇǬ˖ŔɭǬȇȍǬȇʽơƎǫȍŔʋơ࡫ǠŔɭơȇơʋɽǫ˖njɃ˖ŹơŹơǐǫŹʠȍʠȥʠɭࡲ
ȶljʋŔȍȟȶɢȍơǿǫȍơɭơŹŔǐȍǬŹǫȥȶȇʠȍơɭnjɃɭȟơȥǫȥ
Źȶ˖ʠȍȟŔɽǬɽȶȥʠƃʠȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
Tedavisi
ࡧqŔɽʋŔȍŔɭʂŔʂǬȍǬȇʋŔȥȇʠɭʋʠȍȟŔȇǫƇǫȥɽʠɢɭơɽˊȶȥʽơ
ࡧ¶ɽȟȶʋǫȇŔǿŔȥȍŔɭࢎ¡Ŕȥȥǫʋȶȍ࡫¶ɭŔȍnjȍǫɽơɭȶȍ࢏
ŔȥȶɭȟŔȍɭơʋǫȥŔȇȶɭɭơɽɢȶȥƎŔɽǬȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ(Göz
ࡧɽơʋȶ˖ȶȍŔȟǫƎ
ʄƟȜŸƟȊȊǨǍǨ࢈
• Pilokarbin
ࡧ%ơʋŔ%ȍȶȇɃɭȍơɭ

%ʠǫȍŔƇȍŔɭŔɭŔǐȟơȥnjɃ˖ŹŔɽǬȥƃǬƎʧʂȟơ˖ɽơȶɢʋǫȇ
ŔʋɭȶljǫˊǫơȥnjơȍȍơȟơȇǫƇǫȥperiferik iridektomi
ˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ

ƇǬȇƇǬȍǬeȍȶȇȶȟ

- FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥnjȍȶȇȶȟʋǫɢǫƎǫɭ
- ƒɭǫƎȶȇȶɭȥơŔȍŔƇǬȥȶɭȟŔȍƎǫɭࡲqʠȟȶɭŔȇȶ˖ˊŔɢǬȟǬ
ŔɭʋȟǬʂʽơˊŔƎɭơȥŔǿǬˊơʋơɭȍǫƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭࡲ
- ¶ɢʋǫȇƎǫɽȇƃʠɢɢǫȥnjŔɭʋȟȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲòǬȇȍǬȇȍŔɽơɽɽǫ˖
ɽơˊɭơƎơɭʽơơȥɽȶȥʠȥƎŔnjɃɭȟơŔȍŔȥǬȥƎŔȇŔˊǬɢʽơ
ȇɃɭȍʧȇnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơɭơljɭŔȇɽǫˊȶȥȇʠɽʠɭʠƎʧ˖ơȍʋǫȍǫɭʽơ
ȶɭʋȶɢǫȇʋơƎŔʽǫǫȍơʂŔʂǬnjɃ˖ʧȥʋơȇɭŔɭƇŔȍǬʂʋǬɭǬȍȟŔɽǬ
ɽŔǐȍŔȥǬɭࡲ
ࡧȟŹȍǫˊȶɢǫȥǫȥơȥɽǬȇɽơŹơŹǫʂŔʂǬȍǬȇʋǬɭࡲ

GLOKOM

ࡧ¥ȶɭȟŔȍǫȥʋɭŔȶȇʠȍơɭŹŔɽǬȥƃǬȥŔɭʋȟŔɽǬˊȍŔȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
ࡧqʠȟȶɭŔȇɃ˖ɽǫȍǫˊơɭɢɭȶɽơɽʋơȥɽŔȍnjǬȍŔȥǬɭʽơ
ǫȥʋɭŔȶȇʠȍơɭŹŔɽǬȥƃǬȥɭơnjʧȍŔɽˊȶȥʠȥƎŔɃȥơȟȍǫƎǫɭࡲ

Tedavisi

‘ŔɢŔȍǬƇǬȍǬeȍȶȇȶȟ
- qʠȟȶɭŔȇȶ˖ʠȥƎǬʂŔŔȇǬȟǬȥǬȥŔȥǫȶȍŔɭŔȇ
ʋǬȇŔȥȟŔɽǬɽȶȥʠƃʠnjɃ˖ǫƇǫŹŔɽǬȥƃǬȥǬȥŔȥǫʋơȇʋŔɭŔljȍǬ
ŔɭʋȟŔɽǬˊȍŔŔǐɭǬʽơnjɃɭȟơȇŔˊŹǬȥǬȥȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇȟŔɽǬ
ƎʠɭʠȟʠƎʠɭࡲ
- ȇʠʋȇɭǫ˖ǫȥƎơ njɃ˖Ǝơ˖ȶȥȇȍŔˊǬƃǬʋŔɭ˖ƎŔŔǐɭǬʽơŔȥǫ
njɃɭȟơȇŔˊŹǬ ȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭࡲ
- ĔɽʋnjɃ˖ȇŔɢŔǐǬȥƎŔɃƎơȟ࡫njɃ˖ˊŔʂŔɭȟŔɽǬ࡫ȇȶɭȥơŔ
ࡧ%ơʋŔŹȍȶȇɃɭƎŔȟȍŔࢎʋǫȟŔȍȶȍ࡫ŹơʋŔȇɽȶȍȶȍ࡫ƃŔɭʋơȶȍȶȍ࡫
ȟơʋǫɢɭȶȥȶȍȶȍ࢏
ࡧ‘ŔɭŹȶȥǫȇŔȥǠǫƎɭŔ˖ǫȥǠǫŹǫʋɃɭȍơɭǫࢎƎȶɭɽȶȍŔȟǫƎ࡫
Źɭǫȥ˖ȶȍŔȟǫƎơ࢏
ࡧȍljŔ-ࠁnjȶȥǫɽʋࡪ%ɭǫȟȶȥǫƎȍǫȥơ࡫ŔɢɭƃŔȍȶȥǫƎǫȥơ
ࡧáebࢎ•ŔʋŔȥȶɢɭȶɽʋ࡫ŹǫȟŔʋȶɢɭȶɽʋ࡫ʋɭŔʽȶɢɭȶɽʋ࢏
ࡧ•Ŕ˖ơɭɢơɭǫljŔȍǫɭǫƎȶʋȶȟǫ࡫ƃơɭɭŔǠǫɢơɭǫljơɭŔȍ
ǫɭǫƎȶʋȶȟǫ
ࡧ•Ŕ˖ơɭʋɭŔŹơȇʠȍȶɢȍŔɽʋǫ࡫ʋɭŔŹơȇʠȍơȇʋȶȟǫ

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Sekonder Glokom
e•č‘¶¡č¥‘è‘þFèƒòþƒ‘ÄŁF••ƒ‘•Fèƒ čʽơǫʋ࡫njɃ˖ʋɭŔʽȟŔɽǬʽơɽʋơɭȶǫƎȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬȥŔŹŔǐȍǬ
áɭǫȟơɭƇǬȇ 7ŔɭƇǬȍǬ ȶȍŔɭŔȇnjơȍǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ƇǬȍǬeȍȶȇȶȟ Glokom
eȍȶȇȶȟȍŔɭǬȥ
हࠀࠄࢫǫࡲȇɃ˖ Konjenital Glokom
eȍȶȇȶȟȍŔɭǬȥ
Humour ࡧáɭǫȟơɭǫȥljŔȥʋǫȍnjȍȶȇȶȟȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍglokomun en
Etyoloji हࠇࠄࢫǫŹơȍȍǫ
ƎɭơȥŔǿǬȥǬ ɽǬȇʋǫɢǫƎǫɭࡲþɭŔŹơȇʠȍŔɭƎǫɽnjơȥơ˖ǫɽǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
Ǝơǐǫȍ
ơȥnjơȍơˊơȥŔƇǬ
ࡧ•ŔȇɭǫȟŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ŹȍơljŔɭȶɽɢŔ˖ȟ࡫ȇȶɭȥơŔɃƎơȟǫ࡫ȶɢʋǫȇ
ȇŔɢŔȥȟŔɽǬ
ƎǫɽȇƇʠȇʠɭȍŔʂȟŔɽǬʽơŔʋɭȶljǫnjɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ
ĵŔʂ 7ơǐǫʂȇơȥ ࠄ߿– ࠇࠄ

Genellikle 7ƒ%Fþƒ‘èFþƒ¥¶áþƒ
Ön kamara òǬǐȍŔȥȟǬʂ
normal Non-Proliferatif Retinopati (%90 - हࠈࠄ࢏
Dar ࡧ¡ǫȇɭȶŔȥơʽɭǫ˖ȟŔ࡫ʽơȥɃ˖ƎǫȍŔʋŔɽˊȶȥ
%ŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬ࡫ǬʂǬȇ ࡧ‘ŔȥŔȟŔ࡫ơȇɽʠƎŔ
ơʋɭŔljǬȥƎŔɭơȥȇȍǫ
¥ȶɭȟŔȍ
Kamara ǠŔȍȶ࡫Ŕȥǫ
eơȥơȍƎơˊȶȇ࡫
ƇǬɽǬ ŹŔʂŔȍˊŔȥ
eơƇƎɃȥơȟƎơ
Semptomlar ʂǫƎƎơʋȍǫnjɃ˖
njɃɭȟơŔ˖ŔȍǬɭࡲ
ŔǐɭǬɽǬ࡫ŔʋŔȇȍŔɭ
ɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔ
kusma
Tedavi Tedavi
Disk Çukuru edilmezse ơƎǫȍȟơȟǫʂ
ŔɭʋŔɭ ŔʋŔȇࢎȍŔɭ࢏

áơɭǫljơɭǫȇ
görme erken
bozulur Görmelerin
Görme ŔȍŔȥǬ ɽŔȥʋɭŔȍ Źȶ˖ʠȍȟŔɽǬnjơƇ
görmenin bir bulgu
Źȶ˖ʠȍȟŔɽǬnjơƇ
ŹǫɭŹʠȍnjʠƎʠɭࡲ Proliferatif Retrinopati (%5 - हࠀ߿࢏
ࡧ¥ơȶʽŔɽȇʠȍŔɭǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥ࡫ʽǫʋɭơʠɽǫƇǫȥơȇŔȥŔȟŔ
¡ơƎǫȇŔȍ Erken dönemde ɽȶȥʠƃʠɭơʋǫȥŔŔˊɭǬȍȟŔɽǬʽơȇɃɭȍʧȇnjơȍǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ȇȶȥʋɭȶȍ ˊŔȍȥǬ˖ ࡧþơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơʽǫʋɭơʠɽǫƇǫȥơĪFebǫȥǠǫŹǫʋɃɭʧ
eɃ˖ŹŔɽǬȥƃǬ olmazsa ɢɭȶʽŔȇŔʋǫlj
ࢎ%ơʽŔƃǫ˖ʠȟŔŹ࢏ˊŔɭŔɭɽŔǐȍŔɭࡲ
yüksek ve ʋơɽʋȍơɭȍơ
ࡧáɭȶȍǫljơɭŔʋǫljɭơʋǫȥȶɢŔʋǫƎơnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơȍŔ˖ơɭ
ǫȍơɭȍơˊǫƃǫ ljŔɭȇơƎǫȍơŹǫȍǫɭ
ljȶʋȶȇȶŔnjʠȍŔɽˊȶȥˊŔɭŔɭɽŔǐȍŔɭࡲ
eơƇƎɃȥơȟƎơ
ˊʧȇɽơȇɽŔŹǫʋ
7ǫǐơɭ
- ȇǬɽȟŔȥƎǫȍŔʋơ
%ơȍǫɭʋǫȍơɭ
ɢʠɢǫȍࢨŹʠǐʠȍʠࢩ
komea

¡ơƎǫȇŔȍ•Ŕ˖ơɭ
Tedavi Cerrahi
Cerrahi

Erken
dönemde
ljŔɭȇơƎǫȍǫɭɽơǫˊǫ
Prognoz ƒˊǫ
ɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ǠŔɽʋŔ
uyumuna
ŹŔǐȍǬ

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qƒáFèþ¥òƒbèFþƒ¥¶áþƒ

- qǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥʠȥnjɃ˖ƎơȇǫơȥŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥŹʠȍnjʠɽʠ
ŔɭʋơɭǫȶȍȍơɭƎơƎŔɭŔȍȟŔƎǬɭࡲ¥ȶɭȟŔȍƎơŔɭʋơɭࡸʽơȥƇŔɢ
ȶɭŔȥǬࠁࡸࠂǫȇơȥࡕ࡫ࡘࢫơǫȥơɭࡲ
- èơʋǫȥŔƎǫŔɽʋȶȍǫȇ ŹŔɽǬȥƇˊʧȇɽơȇȍǫǐǫȥƎơȥƎŔǠŔƇȶȇ
ơʋȇǫȍơȥǫɭࡲ
- qǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥŔɭʋơɭǫȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖ȍŔŹơɭŔŹơɭɽơnjʠȥȥ
ŔɭŔ˖ǬࢎȇǬʽɭǬȟȍŔȥȟŔ࢏ʽơǠʠȟɢǫȥnjࢎȇɃɢɭʧȍơʂȟơ࢏
ŹơȍǫɭʋǫȍơɭǫnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

Hipertansiyonda Schele evrelenmesi

Evre 1: ɭʋơɭȍơɭǫȥƃơʽơȥȍơɭƎȶȍnjʠȥ
Evre 2: ƒȍŔʽơʋơȥɽơɭʋơȇɽʠƎŔȍŔɭ࡫ȟǫȇɭȶǠơȟȶɭŔǿǫȍơɭ࡫
ɽŔȍʠɽŔɭŔ˖ǬŹʠơʽɭơƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
Evre 3: ƒȍŔʽơʋơȥˊʠȟʠʂŔȇơȇɽʠƎŔȍŔɭʽơȟŔȇʠȍŔ
ˊǬȍƎǬ˖ǬnjɃɭʧȥʧȟʧ
Evre 4: ƒȍŔʽơʋơȥȶɢʋǫȇƎǫɽȇɃƎơȟǫ

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Küçük Stajlar | 5. Radyoloji

Radyoloji

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 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

5. è7ĵ¶•¶ƒ þȶɭŔȇɽ¡èeFȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ

- Kontrast madde kontra-ơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠʽŔɭɽŔ

ʽŔɽȇʧȍơɭȍơ˖ˊȶȥƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭǫȍȟơɽǫ
Reading chest X-Ray - ȶɭʋȍơ˖ˊȶȥʠ
- òʠɢơɭǫȶɭɽʠȍƃʠɽʋȟࢫǫ
- eɃǐʧɽƎʠʽŔɭǬŹɭŔƃǠǫŔȍɢȍơˉʠɽƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭǫȍȟơɽǫ
- ‘ŔȥɽơɭǫȥʽŔ˖ˊȶȥƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭǫȍȟơɽǫ
- ɭȇŔȟȟơƎǫŔɽʋơȥʋȟࢫǫ

Kavitasyon: Squamoz h’li karsinomda görülür,

küçük h’li de görülmez.
- Malign kavitasyon: ƎʠʽŔɭǬȇŔȍǬȥ࡫Ǝʧ˖ơȥɽǫ˖࡫ ‘ŔɭƎǫˊŔȇ¡èFȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
nodüler ࢎƎʠʽŔɭȇŔȍǬȥȍǬǐǬࢦࠀࠄȟȟǫɽơहࠇࠄȟŔȍǫnjȥ࢏
ࡧ‘ȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍȇŔȍɢǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬ
- þ%-ࢫƎơʋơȇƎŔǠŔƇȶȇʋơȇʋŔɭŔljȍǬ•ánjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ࡧƒɽȇơȟǫȇȇŔȍɢǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬ
- áʠȍȟȶȥơɭơȟŹȶȍǫʋŔȥǬɽǬȥƎŔŔȍʋǬȥɽʋŔȥƎŔɭʋ%þ
ࡧ¡ǫˊȶȇŔɭƎʽơɢơɭǫȇŔɭƎǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬ
anjiografi.
ࡧ‘ŔɭƎǫˊŔȇȇǫʋȍơȍơɭ
ࡧɭǫʋȟȶǿơȥɽŔǐʽơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍƎǫɽɢȍŔ˖ǫɽǫ
ࡧ‘ŔɢŔȇǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬ
PA grafi >125 ml ɽǬʽǬnjɃɽʋơɭơŹǫȍǫɭȇơȥ
lateral grafi >75 ml ɽǬʽǬˊǬnjɃɽʋơɭơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ ‘ȶȟɢȍơˉȇơȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍȇŔȍɢǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥƎŔ࡫ɢȶɽʋȶɢ
ȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍȇŔȍɢǠŔɽʋࡲ‘ŔɭƎǫˊŔȇȇǫʋȍơȍơɭƎơǫȍȇʋơɭƃǫǠ
Hiluslar: ɭŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇɢʠȍȟȶȥơɭŔɭʋơɭȍơɭʽơ
ɽʧɢơɭǫȶɭɢʠȍȟȶȥơɭʽơȥȍơɭȶȍʠʂʋʠɭʠɭࡲ
- òȶȍǠǫȍʠɽࠁࡲࠄƃȟƎŔǠŔˊʠȇŔɭǬƎŔȶȍȟŔȍǬ
‘ȶȥʋɭŔơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
- qǫȍʠɽƎŔȥɽǫʋơȍơɭǫŔˊȥǬȶȍȟŔȍǬ
- 7ǬʂȇȶȥʋʧɭȍơɭǫȇȶȥȇŔʽʽơˊŔƎʧ˖ŔȍȟŔȍǬ • ‘Ŕȍɢɢǫȍǫ࡫ȇŔȍǬƃǬƎơljǫŹɭǫȍŔʋɃɭ࡫ơȍơȇʋɭȶȥǫȇǫƇȇʠȍŔȇ
ǫȟɢȍŔȥʋǬ࡫ࢎȇơɽǫȥ࢏
• ƒȟɢȍŔȥʋ࡫ʽʧƃʠƎʠȥƎŔˊŔŹŔȥƃǬƃǫsim olan hasta
ࢎȇʠɭʂʠȥnjǫŹǫ࢏

ĪơȥʋǫȇʧȍljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥʠǫƇǫȥŔȍʋǬȥɽʋŔȥƎŔɭʋȇŔɭƎǫˊŔȇ
¡èŔȟŔǫȍȇˊŔɢǬȍŔȥF‘¶ࡲ

Renal kitlede: us, BT, MR

Mesane kitle: US, BT, MR
Prostat kitlesi: Trus, MR
Ovaryan kitle: Tvus, MR
Uterin kitle: Tvus, MR
Servikal kitle: Tvus, MR
Testiküler kitle: USG
Transplantasyon: 7ȶɢɢȍơɭčòe

qơɢŔʋȶŹǫȍǫˊơɭɽǫɽʋơȟƎơŹǫɭǫȥƃǫŹŔɽŔȟŔȇ
görüntüleme USG.

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BI-RADS
0: ek tetkik gerekli
1: negatif
2: ŹơȥǫnjȥŹʠȍnjʠȍȍŔɭ
3: ŹʧˊʧȇȶȍŔɽǬȍǬȇȍŔŹơȥǫnjȥȇǬɽŔŔɭŔȍǬȇȍǬǫ˖ȍơȟ
4: ʂʧɢǠơȍǫŔȥȶɭȟŔȍȍǫȇŹǫˊȶɢɽǫ
5: ŹʧˊʧȇȶȍŔɽǬȍǬkla malign
6: ȇơɽǫȥȍơʂơȥƃŔࡲ

Hypervascular Lesions
Benign Melignant
FNH HCC

Adenoma Breast

Hemangioma Sarcomas
Hypervascular
Neuroendocrine
Metastases:
Renal cell

Melanoma

NÜKLEER TIP SPOTLARI

ࠀࡲòȶȟŔʋȶɽʋŔʋǫȥèơɽơɢʋɃɭnjɃɭʧȥʋʧȍơȟơ
ȥɃɭȶơȥƎȶȇɭǫȥʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࠁࡲèŔƎˊŔɽˊȶȥljơʋʧɽơơȥƇȶȇǫȍȇࠂŔˊƎŔ˖ŔɭŔɭȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࠂࡲòơȥʋǫȥơȍȍơȥljȥȶƎʠʋʧȟɃɭʧȥƎɭơȥơȶȍƎʠǐʠȍơȥlj
nodu demektir.
ࠃࡲFɭǫʋɭȶɽǫʋˊŔʂŔȟɽʧɭơɽǫȥǫȥǠơɽŔɢȍŔȥȟŔɽǬȥƎŔ-è-
ࠄࠀȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࠄࡲ¡ơƎʠȍȍŔɭʋǫɭȶǫƎƃŔʋŔȇǫŹǫȥƎơˊŔɭŔɭȍǬʋʧȟɃr
ŹơȍǫɭȍơˊǫƃǫȍơɭȇŔȍɽǫʋȶȥǫȥʽơ-FࢫƎǬɭࡲ

Hastada Pnömi Var Ama Grafi Normal

ࠀࡲáȥɃȟȶȥǫȥǫȥǫȍȇࠁࠃɽŔŔʋǫ
ࠁࡲ7ơǠǫƎɭŔʋŔɽˊȶȥƎʠɭʠȟʠȥƎŔ
ࠂࡲááȶȍnjʠȍŔɭǬȥƎŔ
ࠃࡲ-ǫƎƎǫȥɃʋɭȶɢơȥǫʽŔɭȍǬǐǬȥƎŔ

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á•òþƒ‘-Fèèqƒ ¡ŔȥƎǫŹʠȍŔ‘ǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬ%ʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬ
ࡧɽǫȟơʋɭǫ
ĵʧ˖‘ơȟǫǐǫ‘ǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬ ࡧ¡Ŕȍȶȇȍʧ˖ˊȶȥࢎŔȍʋƇơȥơnjơɭǫƎơʧɽʋƇơȥơŹǫɭŔ˖ɃȥƎơ
ࡧ¡ŔˉǫȍȍŔ ࡧ¡ŔȥƎǫŹʠȍŔ ȶȍŔƃŔȇʂơȇǫȍƎơƎǫʂȍơɭǫȥŹǫɭŹǫɭǫȥǫȟŔȇŔɽȍŔȟŔɽǬ
ࡧŁˊnjȶȟŔ • Nasal kemik njơɭơȇǫɭȇơȥŹʠƎʧ˖ơȥǫȥŹȶ˖ʠȍȟŔɽǬ࢏
ࡧáơɭǫȶɭŹǫʋŔȍȇơȟǫȇ ࡧ‘ɭơŔɢǫʋŔɽˊȶȥ
ࡧ1ơȥơǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭǫȥƎơȇǬɽǬʋȍǬȍǬȇ
ࡧ7ʠˊʠȇŔˊŹǬࢎǫȥljơɭǫȶɭŔȍʽơȶȍŔɭɽǫȥǫɭǫȥljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥ
ȇŔˊŹǬȥŔŹŔǐȍǬŔȍʋƎʠƎŔȇʋŔƎʠˊʠȇŔˊŹǬ࢏

èŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫȇ7ơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭȟơ
ࡧÄȥŔɭȇŔʽơˊŔȥȇŔljŔnjɭŔljǫ-rutin istenir.
¡ŔȥƎǫŹʠȍŔ‘ǬɭǬǐǬ
• Water’s-sinüsler için
- ‘ȶȥƎǫȍ࡫Ŕȥnjʠȍʠɽ࡫ȇȶɭɢʠɽơȥƇȶȇȇǬɭǬȍŔȥȟŔȥƎǫŹʠȍŔ • Town-ȇȶȥƎǫȍȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬȥǬnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭࡲ
ŹɃȍnjơȍơɭǫƎǫɭࡲ • Kafa kaidesi
- 1ȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔƎʧʂȟơˊơŹŔǐȍǬȇȶȥƎǫȍȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬƎŔǠŔ ࡧáŔȥȶɭȶȟǫȇȟŔȥƎǫŹʠȍŔnjɭŔljǫɽǫ
ɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ • CT-ŹŔʂŹȶˊʠȥʋɭŔʽȍŔɭǬȥƎŔǫȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫŔȍȶȍŔˊȍŔɭʽơ
- čȥǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍˊŔƎŔŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍȇǬɭǬȇȟŔȥƎǫŹʠȍŔƎŔ ˊʧ˖ȇơȟǫȇȍơɭǫȥǫnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭࡲ
njơȍǫʂȟơnjơɭǫȍǫǐǫʽơŔɽǫȟơʋɭǫˊơȥơƎơȥȶȍʠɭࡲ

Sistem Tedavi
ࡧqŔʽŔˊȶȍʠȥʠȥŔƇǬȇʋʠʋʠȍȟŔɽǬ
ࡧFȥʋʧŹŔɽˊȶȥ • Trakeotomi
• Kanama kontrolü ࡧòǬʽǬɭơɢȍŔɽȟŔȥǬ
• Sistemik tedavi ࡧƇǬȇˊɃȥʋơȟȍơɭ
ࡧFȇɽʋơɭȥŔȍʽơˊŔȇŔɢŔȍǬˊɃȥʋơȟȍơɭ

Eksternal vơˊŔ‘ŔɢŔȍǬˊɃȥʋơȟȍơɭ
ࡧƒȥʋơɭȟŔȇɽǫȍȍơɭljǫȇɽŔɽˊȶȥ
ࡧòɢȍǫȥʋȍơɭ
ࡧƒȥʋơɭƎơȥʋŔȍʋơȍʽơŔɭƃǠ-ŹŔɭ

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Łƒe¶¡‘zèz‘•èz

ࡧǐ˖ǬȥŔƇǬȍȟŔȟŔɽǬ
ࡧǐ˖ǬȥȇŔɢŔȥȟŔȟŔɽǬ
ࡧ¡ŔȍŔɭŹɃȍnjơƎơƎʧ˖ȍơʂȟơ
ࡧ¶ɭŹǫʋŔȍƎǫɽʋȶɢǫ
ࡧqǫɢȶơɽʋơ˖ǫࢎƒȥljơɭǫȶɭȶɭŹǫʋŔȍɽǫȥǫɭǠŔɽŔɭǬȥŔŹŔǐȍǬ࢏

ƇǬȇĵɃȥʋơȟȍơɭ
ࡧƇǬȇɭơƎʧȇɽǫˊȶȥ
ࡧFȇɽʋơɭȥŔȍljǫȇɽŔɽˊȶȥ
ࡧƒȥʋơɭȥŔȍljǫȇɽŔɽˊȶȥ
• Tel asteosentezi
ࡧáȍŔȇ-ʽǫƎŔljǫȇɽŔɽˊȶȥʠ

¡ŔȇɽǫȍȍŔ‘ǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬ BLOW-OUT KIRIKLARI

ࡧࠁࡲòǬȇȍǬȇʋŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
• •ơbȶɭʋࠀ - ¶ɭŹǫʋŔʋŔŹŔȥǬơȥ˖ŔˊǬljˊơɭǫȶȍŔȥɢȶɽʋơɭȶȟơƎǫŔȍ
ࡧ•ơbȶɭʋࠁ ŹɃȍnjơƎơȥȶȍʠʂŔȥȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ•ơbȶɭʋࠂ - þơȥǫɽʋȶɢʠ࡫ˊʠȟɭʠȇnjǫŹǫnjɃ˖ʧȥʧ˖ɭǫȥơnjơȍơȥ
ȶɭŹǫʋŔǫƇǫŹŔɽǬȥƃǬŔɭʋǬɭŔȥʋɭŔʽȟŔȍŔɭƎŔȟơˊƎŔȥŔ
gelmektedir.

BLOW-¶čþ‘zèzhz%č•eč•èz

ࡧFȥȶljʋŔȍȟǫࢎɢơɭǫȶɭŹǫʋŔȍˊŔǐƎȶȇʠȟŔˉǫȍȍŔɭɽǫȥʧɽơ
Ǝȶǐɭʠ ˊơɭƎơǐǫʂʋǫɭǫɭࡲ࢏
ࡧ7ǫɢȍȶɢǫࢎǫȥljơɭǫȶɭɭơȇʋʠɽȇŔɽǬȥǬȥȇǬɭǬȇǠŔʋʋǬȥƎŔ
ɽǬȇǬʂȟŔɽǬȥŔŹŔǐȍǬȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ࢏
ࡧeɃ˖ǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭǫȥƎơȇǬɽǬʋȍŔȥȟŔ
ࡧqǫɢȶơɽʋơ˖ǫ
ࡧèŔƃȶȶȥơˊơ
• Rinore

Tedavi: ‘ơȟǫȇȍơɭƇȶȇǫȥƃơȶȍƎʠǐʠȥƎŔȥǫȍǫŔƃ
ȇơȟǫȇʋơȥnjɭơljʋŔȍǬȥǬɢȶȥŔɭǬȟˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
LeFort 1: ɢơɭʋʠɭŔɢǫɭǫljȶɭȟǫɽǫȥȇơȥŔɭǬȥƎŔȥ
ŹŔʂȍŔˊǬɢ࡫ɢʋơɭˊnjȶȟŔˉǫȍȍŔɭŹȶʂȍʠǐŔȇŔƎŔɭʠȍŔʂǬɭࡲ
LeFort 2: bɭȶȥʋȶȥŔɽŔȍŹɃȍnjơƎơȥȶɭŹǫʋŔȟơƎǫŔȍ FLEPLER
ƎʠʽŔɭǬȥŔ࡫ȍŔƃɭǫȟŔȍŹơ˖ǫȥŔɭȇŔɽǬȥƎŔȥ
DokʠȇŔˊǬɢȍŔɭǬȥǬȥȶȥŔɭǬȟǬ
ɢʋơɭˊnjȶȟŔˉǫȍȍŔɭŹȶʂȍʠǐŔnjơƇơɭࡲࡲ
ࡧòơȇȶȥƎơɭǫˊǫȍơʂȟơ
LeFort 3: bɭȶȥʋŔȍ ŹɃȍnjơƎơȥȶɭŹǫʋŔȍŔʋơɭŔȍǫȥƎơȥ
ࡧbȍơɢ
ŹŔʂȍŔɭŔȟŔɢʋơɭˊnjȶljɭȶȥʋŔȍŹǫȍơʂȇơˊơʠ˖ŔȥǬɭࡲ
ࡧ•ȶȇŔȍljȍơɢȍơɭ
ࡧč˖Ŕȇljȍơɢȍơɭ

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Random Flepler GREFTLER

ࡧòŔƎơƃơƎơɭȟŔȍʽơɽʠŹƎơɭȟŔȍƎŔȟŔɭȍŔɭƎŔȥ
ŹơɽȍơȥơȥljȍơɢȍơɭƎǫɭ ĪʧƃʠƎʠȥŹǫɭŹɃȍnjơɽǫȥƎơȥʽŔɽȇʧȍơɭ ŹɃȍnjơɽǫ
ࡧč˖ʠȥljȍơɢȇŔȍƎǬɭȟŔȇ˖ȶɭƎʠɭࡲ ȇȶɭʠȥȟŔƎŔȥŔȍǬȥŔɭŔȇŹŔʂȇŔŹǫɭŹɃȍnjơɽǫȥơ
ʋɭŔȥɽɢȍŔȥʋơơƎǫȍơȥƎȶȇʠƎʠɭࡲ

Aksiyel flepler
ࡧȇɽǫˊơȍŹǫɭŔɭʋơɭʽơʽơȥǫƇơɭơȥnjʧʽơȥǫȍǫɭ
ljȍơɢȍơɭƎir.
ࡧ7ŔǠŔʠ˖ʠȥŹǫɭljȍơɢơȍƎơơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ

Örnek:
Nazolabial flep: ljŔɽǫŔȍơɭʋơɭǫȥƎŔȍȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȥŹơɽȍơȥǫɭࡲ
‘ŔɽǬȇljȍơŹǫࡪƃǫɭɭʠȟljȍơˉǫȍǫŔƃŔɭʋơɭƎơȥŹơɽȍơȥǫɭࡲ

‘ȶȟɢȶ˖ǫɽˊȶȥʠȥŔnjɃɭơljȍơɢȍơɭǫȥɽǬȥǬljȍŔȥƎǬɭǬȍȟŔɽǬ
ࡧ7ơɭǫljȍơɢȍơɭǫࢎƎơɭǫऋƎơɭǫŔȍʋǬˊŔǐƎȶȇʠɽʠ࢏ ‘ŔˊȥŔǐǬȥŔnjɃɭơnjɭơljʋȍơɭ
ࡧbŔɽˊȶȇʠʋŔȥljȍơɢȍơɭ • Otogreft
ࡧ¡ʠɽȇʠȍȶȇʠʋŔȥljȍơɢȍơɭ ࡧȍȍȶnjɭơljʋࢎǠȶȟȶnjɭơljʋ࢏
ࡧ¶ɽʋơȶȇʠʋŔȥljȍơɢȍơɭ ࡧ‘ɽơȥȶnjɭơljʋࢎqơʋơɭȶnjɭơljʋ࢏
ࡧáơɭljȶɭŔʋɃɭljȍơɢȍơɭࢎȇŔɽʋŔȥƇǬȇŔȥǫȥƃơɢơɭljȶɭŔȥȍŔɭǬ
Deri greftleri: ơȥƇȶȇȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔȥnjɭơljʋȍơɭƎơȥƎǫɭࡲ
ʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơȥʋŔʂǬȥŔȥljȍơɢȍơɭ࢏
‘ǬɽȟǫȇŔȍǬȥȍǬȇʋŔȇǫƎơɭǫnjɭơljʋȍơɭǫࡪFɢǫƎơɭȟǫɽऋ
ࡧ‘ȶȥƎɭȶȇʠʋŔȥljȍơɢȍơɭ
7ơɭȟȟǫɽǫȥŹǫɭȇǬɽȟǬȥǬǫƇơɭǫɭࡲ
ࡧ7ơɭǫljȍơɢȍơɭǫȍȶȇŔȍȶȍŔɭŔȇƇȶȇɽǬȇ
þŔȟȇŔȍǬȥȍǬȇʋŔȇǫƎơɭǫnjɭơljʋȍơɭǫࡪFɢǫƎơɭȟǫɽऋ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲ
7ơɭȟǫɽǫȥʋŔȟŔȟǬȥǬǫƇơɭǫɭࡲ

Kas deri fleplerinin kanlanma paternine göre
ɽǬȥǬljȍŔȥƎǬɭǬȍȟŔɽǬ
qơɢɽǫŔȇɽǫˊơȍljȍơɢȶȍʠɢƎŔȟŔɭɢơƎǫȇʧȍʧʽŔɭƎǬɭ࡫
ljŔȇŔʋŹơɽȍơȥȟơɢŔʋơɭȥǫljŔɭȇȍǬƎǬɭࡷ
Tendon Greftleri
ࡧáŔȍȟŔɭǫɽȍȶȥnjʠɽ
• 2 – ࠂ– ࠃɢȍŔȥʋŔɭơˉʋࡲ7ǫnjࡲ•ȶȥnjʠɽ
ࡧáȍŔȥʋŔɭljȍơˉࡲ7ǫnjࡲòʠɢơɭljǫƃࡲ•ȶȥnjࡲ
ࡧȟɢʠʋơɢŔɭȟŔȇɽŔǐȍŔȟʋơȥƎȶȥȍŔɭǬ

þƒáࠀࡪ‘ŔɽǬŹơɽȍơˊơȥʋơȟƎȶȟǫȥŔȥʋɢơƎǫȇʧȍ ‘ǬȇǬɭƎak Greftleri

þƒáࠁࡪ%ǫɭƎȶȟǫȥŔȥʋ࡫ŹǫɭƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔȟǫȥɃɭɢơƎǫȇʧȍ ࡧ‘ǬȇǬɭƎŔȇʽơŹʠɭʠȥɭơȇȶȥɽʋɭʧȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥƎŔ
þƒáࠂࡪƒȇǫƎȶȟǫȥŔȥʋɢơƎǫȇʧȍ • Kontür defekt ve öküklerinde
þƒáࠃࡪ1ȶȇɽŔˊǬƎŔȟǫȥɃɭɢơƎǫȇʧȍ࡫ƎȶȟǫȥŔȥʋɢơƎǫȇʧȍ • EkȍơȟɭơȇȶȥɽʋɭʧȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥƎŔ
ˊȶȇ
Kemik Greftler
þƒáࠄࡪ%ǫɭƎȶȟǫȥŔȥʋŹǫɭƎơɽơnjȟơȥʋŔȍɢơƎǫȇʧȍʧȥ
• Kranium
ȶȍʠʂʋʠɭƎʠǐʠɢơɭljȶɭŔȥƎŔȍȍŔɭʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧƒȍǫŔƃȇơȟǫȇ
¡ơȟơɭơȇȶȥɽʋʧȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥƎŔŔȍʋǬȥɽʋŔȥƎŔɭʋþè¡ • Kosta
fleptir. Sinir Greftler
• Sural sinir
ࡧeơȥǫʂɽǫȥǫɭƎơljơȇʋȍơɭǫȥƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
Transverse rectus abdominus myocutoneous flep
Damar Greftleri
• Ven greftleri
ࡧɭʋơɭnjɭơljʋȍơɭǫ

- FȥɽǬȇnjɭơljʋŔȍǬȥŔȥƎŔȟŔɭʽơȥŔɽŔɢǠơȥŔ
ȟŔȥnjŔƎǬɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇnjɭơljʋŔȍǬȥŔȥŔɭʋơɭǫˊơȍƎŔȟŔɭǫȥʋơɭȥŔȍ
torasik arterdir.
- FȥɽǬȇnjɭơljʋŔȍǬȥŔȥɽǫȥǫɭɽʠɭŔȍɽǫȥǫɭࡲ

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Halk Sağlığı

71

6. q•‘òh•zhz
Epidemiyoloji: qŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬȥˊŔˊǬȍǬʂǬȥǬʽơɽŔȍnjǬȥ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬǫȥƃơȍơˊơȥ࡫ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬȥˊŔˊǬȍȟŔɽǬȥǬ
ơʋȇǫȍơˊơȥƇơʂǫʋȍǫljŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫǫȥƃơȍơˊơȥʋǬɢƎŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
Endemik: %ǫɭơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥ ơʋȇơȥǫȥǫȥˊŔƎŔŹǫɭ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥŹơȍǫɭȍǫŹǫɭƃȶǐɭŔljˊŔƎŔɽʧɭơȇȍǫ
njɃɭʧȍȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥȶŹɃȍnjơƎơŔȍǬʂǬȍȟǬʂ
ɢɭơʽŔȍŔȥɽǫȍơnjɃɭʧȍȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
Hiperendemi: qŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥɽʧɭơȇȍǫƇȶȇljŔ˖ȍŔ
ŹʠȍŔʂŔŹǫȍƎǫǐǫȥǫŔȥȍŔʋȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲ
Epidemi: %ơȇȍơȥơȥƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔɽŔˊǬƎŔʽŔȇŔ
ȶȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲòŔȍnjǬȥȍŔơʂŔȥȍŔȟȍǬȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
Pandemi: qŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥƇȶȇŹʧˊʧȇŔȍŔȥȍŔɭƎŔƇȶȇ
ɽŔˊǬƎŔǫȥɽŔȥơʋȇǫȍơȟơɽǫƎʠɭʠȟʠƎʠɭࡲ
ƒ˖ȶȍŔɽˊȶȥࡪ%ʠȍŔʂŔƃǬơʋȇơȥǫŹʠȍŔʂʋǬɭŔȥǠŔˊʽŔȥʽơ
ǫȥɽŔȥȍŔɭǬȥŹʠȍŔʂǬƃǬȍǬȇɽʧɭơɽǫȥƃơŹǫɭŹǫɭǫȥƎơȥŔˊɭǬ
ʋʠʋʠȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
FɢǫƎơȟǫˊȶȍȶǿǫȇɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭǬȥ òǬȥǬljȍŔȥƎǬɭǬȍȟŔɽǬ
eɃ˖ȍơȟɽơȍɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭࡪ eɃ˖ȍơȟˊɃȥʋơȟǫˊȍơ
ŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔʽơɭǫȍơɭǫȥǫȥʋȶɢȍŔȥƎǬǐǬŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
þŔȥǬȟȍŔˊǬƃǬʽơŔȥŔȍǫʋǫȇŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭȶȍŔɭŔȇǫȇǫˊơ
ŔˊɭǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࠀࡲþ¥z¡•ĵz-zè÷þzè¡•è
%ʠŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭŹǫɭɽŔǐȍǬȇɽȶɭʠȥʠȥʠȥˊŔƎŔŹǫɭ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥ ȇǫʂǫ࡫ˊơɭ࡫˖ŔȟŔȥɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭǫȥơnjɃɭơ
ƎŔǐǬȍǬȟɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭǫȥǫǫȥƃơȍơɭࡲ
• Kim? • Nerede? • Ne zaman?
òȶɭʠȍŔɭǬȥŔˊŔȥǬʋŔɭŔȥǬɭࡲ
þŔȥǬȟȍŔˊǬƃǬŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭƎŔǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥ
ơʋǫˊȶȍȶǿǫȍơɭǫȥơˊɃȥơȍǫȇŹǫɭǫȥƃơȍơȟơˊŔɢǬȍȟŔ˖ࡲ
7ȶȍŔˊǬɽǬˊȍŔȥǫƇǫȥɽȶɭʠɽʠȥʠȥˊŔȥǬʋǬƎŔʽơɭǫȍơȟơ˖ࡲ
þŔȥǬȟȍŔˊǬƃǬŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭƎŔǫȥƃơȍơȟơȇǫʂǫ࡫ˊơɭʽơ
˖ŔȟŔȥʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơȥˊʧɭʧʋʧȍʧɭࡲ7ơǐǫʂȇơȥȍơɭŹʠ
ŹŔʂȍǬȇȍŔɭŔnjɃɭơŹơȍǫɭȍơȥǫɭࡲ
ࠁࡲ¥•ƒþƒ‘è÷þzè¡•è
- ȥŔȍǫʋǫȇŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơȥơƎơȥɽơȍȍǫȇ
ǫȍǫʂȇǫȍơɭǫȥǫȥǫȥƃơȍơȥƎǫǐǫŹʠȥʠȥˊŔȥǬȥƎŔȇǫʂǫ࡫ˊơɭʽơ
˖ŔȟŔȥɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭǫȥǫȥǫȥƃơȍơȥƎǫǐǫ ŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
qŔɽʋŔȍǬȇơʋǫˊȶȍȶǿǫȍơɭǫȥǫŹơȍǫɭȍơȟơˊơˊŔɭŔɭࡲ
72
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
- %ǫɭɭǫɽȇljŔȇʋɃɭʧȥơȟŔ˖ʠɭǫˊơʋǫȍơǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȶȍʠʂʠȟʠ
ŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȇǫȥơƎơȥɽơȍȍǫȇǫȍǫʂȇǫɽǫȥǫȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭʋȟŔˊǬ
ɢȍŔȥȍŔɭࡲ
- ĪŔȇŔȇȶȥʋɭȶȍ࡫ȇȶǠȶɭʋʽơȇơɽǫʋɽơȍŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭ
ǫƇơɭǫɭࡲ
Vaka – ‘ȶȥʋɭȶȍŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔɽǬ
- %ơȍǫɭȍǫŹǫɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȶȍŔȥȇǫʂǫȍơɭȍơࢎʽŔȇŔnjɭʠŹʠ࢏࡫Źʠ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȶȍȟŔˊŔȥȇǫʂǫȍơɭ(kontrol grubu) ŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔ
njơƇȟǫʂˊŔʂŔȟȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȇǫ(retrospektif) ŹǫɭʋŔȇǬȟ
Ƀ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭˊɃȥʧȥƎơȥŔɭŔʂʋǬɭǬȍǬɭࡲ
- %ʠʋʧɭŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭƎŔȇȶȥʋɭȶȍnjɭʠŹʠȶȍʠʂʋʠɭŔȥ
ȇǫʂǫȍơɭǫȥ࡫ŔɭŔʂʋǬɭǬȍŔȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇƎǬʂǬȥƎŔɢơȇƇȶȇ
Ƀ˖ơơȍȍǫȇŹŔȇǬȟǬȥƎŔȥʽŔȇŔnjɭʠŹʠȥƎŔȇǫȍơɭơŹơȥ˖ơɭ
ȶȍȟŔɽǬnjơɭơȇǫɭࡲ%ʠŹơȥ˖ơɭȍǫȇɽŔǐȍŔȥŔŹǫȍƎǫǐǫɃȍƇʧƎơ
ƇǬȇŔȥɽȶȥʠƃʠȥnjʧʽơȥǫɭȍǫǐǫŔɭʋŔɭࡲ
- ĪŔȇŔȇȶȥʋɭȶȍŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭǬ ʠƃʠ˖࡫ƇŔŹʠȇɽȶȥʠƇ
ʽơɭơȥ࡫ȇȶȍŔˊȍǬȇȍŔˊŔɢǬȍŔŹǫȍơȥʽơɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɽơˊɭơȇ
njɃɭʧȍơȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǫƇǫȥʠˊnjʠȥƎʠɭࡲ%ʠȥŔȇŔɭʂǬȍǬȇ
njơƇȟǫʂˊǬȍȍŔɭƎŔȶȍŔˊȍŔɭǬȥŔȥǬȟɽŔȥȟŔɽǬࢎǠŔljǬ˖Ŕ
ljŔȇʋɃɭʧ࢏ǫȍơǫȍnjǫȍǫɽȶɭʠȥȍŔɭʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲĪŔȇŔȇȶȥʋɭȶȍ
ŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭǬʋȶɢȍʠȟŔnjơȥơȍȍơȥơȟơ˖ࡲ%ʠˊʧ˖Ǝơȥ
ɽŔƎơƃơʋŔǠȟǫȥǫɭɃȍŔʋǫljɭǫɽȇǫʽơɭǫɭࡲ
ࡧĪŔȇŔȇȶȥʋɭȶȍʋǫɢǫŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔʋǫɢǫȇŹǫɭɃɭȥơȇࠀࠈࠄࠈ-
ࠀࠈࠅ߿ˊǬȍȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȍȟŔȥˊŔࢫƎŔʋǫɢǫȇʠ˖ʠʽƎơljơȇʋȍơɭǫǫȍơ
ƎȶǐŔȥŹơŹơȇȍơɭƎơŹʠŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭǫȥʋŔȍǫƎȶȟǫƎǫȍơ
ǫȍǫʂȇǫɽǫȥǫȥŹơȍǫɭȍơȥȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ%ʠŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔƎŔࠃࠅ
ŔȥȶȟŔȍǫɽǫȶȍŔȥƇȶƃʠǐʠȥࠃࠀࢫǫȥǫȥŔȥȥơɽǫ
njơŹơȍǫȇȍơɭǫȥǫȥࠃࡲ– ࠈࡲǠŔljʋŔȍŔɭǬŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȇǫƎɃȥơȟ
ŹʠȍŔȥʋǬˊǬɃȥȍơȟơɽǫǫƇǫȥʋŔȍǫƎȶȟǫƎȇʠȍȍŔȥȟǬʂȍŔɭƎǬࡲ
ࠂ߿߿ȇǫʂǫȍǫȇȥȶɭȟŔȍŹơŹơǐǫȶȍŔȥŔȥȥơȍơɭnjɭʠŹʠȥƎŔ
ǫɽơʋŔȍǫƎȶȟǫƎȇʠȍȍŔȥȟŔȶɭŔȥǬɽǬljǬɭƎǬࡲ
‘ơɽǫʋɽơȍɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭ
- %ʠŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔƎŔǠơɭǠŔȥnjǫŹǫɭ˖ŔȟŔȥƎŔǠơȟ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇǠơȟƎơȥơƎơȥȶȍƎʠǐʠƎʧʂʧȥʧȍơȥʽơ
ŔɭŔʂʋǬɭǬȍŔȥljŔȇʋɃɭƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭǫȍǫɭࡲ
- ȥƃŔȇȇơɽǫʋɽơȍŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭƎŔǠơɭǫȇǫȶȍŔˊƎŔ
ŔˊȥǬŔȥƎŔƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭǫȍƎǫǐǫǫƇǫȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫȥǫȥɃȥƃơ࡫
ǠŔȥnjǫɽǫȥǫȥɽȶȥɭŔȶȍƎʠǐʠȥʠƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭȟơȇ
njʧƇʋʧɭࡲ%ʠˊʧ˖ƎơȥȥơƎơȥɽȶȥʠƇǫȍǫʂȇǫɽǫȇȶȥʠɽʠȥƎŔ
ƇȶǐʠȥȍʠȇȍŔȇơɽǫȥˊŔɭnjǬˊŔʽŔɭǬȍȟŔ˖ࡲ
- qŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔˊŔɢǬȍŔȥ˖ŔȟŔȥȇơɽǫʋǫȥƎơȇǫ
ɽǬȇȍǬǐǬȥǬˊŔȥǫ࡫ɢɭơʽŔȍŔȥɽǬʽơɭǫɭࡲĪŔȇŔȇȶȥʋɭȶȍ
ŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȥljŔɭȇȍǬȶȍŔɭŔȇɽȶȥʠƇȍŔɭʋȶɢȍʠȟŔ
njơȥơȍȍơȥơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
‘ȶǠȶɭʋɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭǬ
1ȶȇŔˊɭǬȥʋǬȍǬ࡫ŹʧˊʧȇơȇǫɢnjơɭơȇʋǫɭơȥƇŔȍǬʂȟŔȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
þȶɢȍʠȟƎŔɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥȍŔʋơȥʋƎɃȥơȟǫȇǬɽŔȶȍŔȥ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǫƇǫȥȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ%ʠʋʧɭŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭƎŔŹǫɭ
njɭʠŹʠȥǫ˖ȍơȥȟơɽǫɽɃ˖ȇȶȥʠɽʠƎʠɭࡲĵŔȥǫǫȍơɭǫˊơ
ƎɃȥʧȇࢎɢɭȶɽɢơȇʋǫlj࢏ƇŔȍǬʂȟŔȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ

ɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔˊŔǫȥƃơȍơƃơȇǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇŔƇǬɽǬȥƎŔȥ ʋʧȟʧˊȍơ
ɽŔǐȍǬȇȍǬȇǫʂǫȍơɭǫȍơŹŔʂȍŔȥǬɭࡲ%ʠȇǫʂǫȍơɭǫȥŹǫɭȇǬɽȟǬ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȶȍʠʂʋʠɭŔŹǫȍơƃơȇŹǫɭɭǫɽȇljŔȇʋɃɭʧȥơƎȶǐŔȍ
ȶȍŔɭŔȇȟŔɭʠ˖ȇŔȍȟŔȇʋŔ࡫ƎǫǐơɭnjɭʠɢǫɽơȟŔɭʠ˖
ȇŔȍȟŔȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲ%ʠǫȇǫnjɭʠɢʋŔǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥȶɭʋŔˊŔ
ƇǬȇǬʂǠǬ˖ȍŔɭǬȇŔɭʂǬȍŔʂʋǬɭǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔʋǫɢǫ
• Olumlu
ࡧ¶ȍnjʠȇȶȥʋɭȶȍ
ࡧeɃɭơƃơȍǫȶȍŔɭŔȇʠƃʠ˖
ࡧ˖ɽŔˊǬƎŔȶȍnjʠǫȍơƇŔȍǬʂŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧeɃɭơƃơȍǫȶȍŔɭŔȇƇŔŹʠȇɽȶȥʠƇ
ࡧ¥ŔƎǫɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǫƇǫȥʠˊnjʠȥƎʠɭ
ࡧ¶ȍʠȟɽʠ˖
ࡧFȍƎơơƎǫȍơȥŹǫȍnjǫʋŔȟȶȍȟŔˊŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧȥǬȟɽƎŔȟŔȥǬȥǠŔʋŔɢŔˊǬ
ࡧ‘ȶȥʋɭȶȍnjɭʠŹʠɽơƇǫȟǫʽơơȍơʂʋǫɭȟơƎơɽȶɭʠȥ
ˊŔʂŔȥŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧòŔƎơƃơʋŔǠȟǫȥǫɭɃȍŔʋǫljɭǫɽȇǠơɽŔɢȍŔȥŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ȶǠŔɭʋ
• Olumlu
ࡧFʋȇǫȥǫȥŹơȍǫɭȍơȥȟơɽǫȥƎơǠŔʋŔɭǫɽȇǫˊȶȇ
ࡧƒȥɽǫƎŔȥɽʽơȟʠʋȍŔȇɭɃȍŔʋǫljɭǫɽȇǠơɽŔɢȍŔȥŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧ%ŔʂȇŔǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭȍŔǫȍǫʂȇǫȍơɭǫŹơȍǫɭȍơȟơˊơˊŔɭŔɭࡲ
¶ȍʠȟɽʠ˖
ࡧqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥŹơȍǫɭȍơȥȟơɽǫȥƎơǠŔʋŔˊŔɢǬȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧeơȥǫʂɽŔˊǬƎŔȶȍnjʠnjơɭơȇʋǫɭǫɭࡲ
ࡧč˖ʠȥɽʧɭơǫ˖ȍơȟơnjơɭơȇʋǫɭǫɭࡲ
ࡧŁŔȟŔȥȍŔȶȍnjʠȍŔɭƎŔŔ˖ŔȍȟŔȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
7F¥FĵòF•– è¥7¶¡ƒŁF
- 7ơȥơˊɽơȍŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭˊŔƎŔȟʧƎŔǠŔȍơʋǫɢǫ
ŔɭŔʂʋǬɭȟŔȍŔɭŹǫɭƎơǐǫʂȇơȥǫŹơȍȍǫnjɭʠɢǫȥɽŔȥƎŔ
ƎơǐǫʂʋǫɭȟơˊǫŔȟŔƇȍŔɭࡲ
- òɃ˖njơȍǫȟǫŔȍȍơɭǿǫˊơȥơƎơȥȶȍŔȥŹǫɭŹơɽǫȥ
ȟŔƎƎơɽǫȥǫȥƎǫˊơʋʋơȥƇǬȇŔɭʋǬȍȟŔɽǬǫȍơˊơȥǫŹǫɭʋʧɭ
ŔȍȍơɭǿǫʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥǫȥɽȶȥʠƇȍŔɭǬȥǬȥȇŔɭʂǬȍŔʂʋǬɭǬȍȟŔɽǬ
ƎơȥơˊɽơȍƇŔȍǬʂȟŔˊŔŹǫɭɃɭȥơȇʋơʂȇǫȍơƎơɭࡲ
- 7ơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭȟơƎơȥơˊʽơȇȶȥʋɭȶȍnjɭʠɢȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȇǫ
73
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
ɽȶȥʠƇȍŔɭǬȇŔɭʂǬȍŔʂʋǬɭǬȍŔɭŔȇˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲȥƃŔȇ
ʠˊnjʠȍŔȥŔƃŔȇˊơȥǫʋơƎŔʽǫˊɃȥʋơȟǫˊŔƎŔˊŔɢǬȍŔƃŔȇ
njǫɭǫʂǫȟǫȥ˖ŔɭŔɭɽǬ˖ȶȍƎʠǐʠȇŔȥǬʋȍŔȥȟǬʂȶȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
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ĵơȥǫʋơʂǠǫɽˊɃȥʋơȟȍơɭǫȥǫŔɭŔʂʋǬɭǬɭࡲĵơȥǫʋơʂǠǫɽ
ˊɃȥʋơȟȍơɭǫȥǫȥʋŔȥǬȇȶˊȟŔƎŔȥơȇŔƎŔɭnjơƇơɭȍǫ
ȶȍƎʠǐʠȥʠŹǫȍǫȥƎǫȇʽơnjʧʽơȥǫȍǫɭŹǫɭˊɃȥʋơȟȍơ
ȇŔɭʂǬȍŔʂʋǬɭǬɭࡲ
1. ‘¶èčĵč-čqƒŁ¡Fþ•Fè%ƒèƒ¥-ƒ•‘¶èč¡
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ʋʧȟɃȥȍơȟȍơɭǫȇŔɢɽŔɭࡲ%ǫɭǫȥƃǫȍȇȶɭʠȟŔˊŔɃɭȥơȇ
ȶȍŔɭŔȇŹǫɭƇȶƃʠǐʠƎǫljʋơɭǫˊơȇŔɭʂǬŔʂǬȍŔˊŔɭŔȇŹʠ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭƎŔȥȇȶɭʠȟŔȇ࡫ƎǬʂȇǬȥǬȥɽʠʽơŹơɽǫȥȍơɭȍơ
ŹʠȍŔʂȟŔɽǬȥǬɃȥȍơˊơɭơȇȇǫʂǫȍơɭǫŹŔɭɽŔȇ
ơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȥȇȶɭʠȟŔȇnjɃɽʋơɭơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
%ǫɭǫȥƃǫȍȇȶɭʠȟŔnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơŹơɽȍơȥȟơ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭƎŔȥʽơŹʠȍŔʂǬƃǬǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭƎŔȥ
ȇȶɭʠȟŔƎŔɃȥơȟȍǫƎǫɭࡲ%ʠȥʠȥˊŔȥǬȥƎŔȇŔȥɽơɭ
ˊŔɢŔȥȟŔƎƎơȍơɭƎơȥȇȶɭʠȟŔȇ࡫njơȥơʋǫȇ
ƎŔȥǬʂȟŔȥȍǬȇˊȶȍʠǫȍơnjơȥơʋǫȇǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬȥ
ƎơʽŔȟǬȥǬɃȥȍơȟơȇ࡫Ŕȟȥǐǫȶɽơȥʋơ˖ǫȍơǫȥʋɭŔʠʋơɭǫȥ
ʋŔȥǬȇȶˊŔɭŔȇȟŔȍljȶɭȟŔɽˊȶȥȍʠƇȶƃʠȇƎȶǐʠȟʠȥʠ
ɃȥȍơȟơȇʋơŹǫɭǫȥƃǫȍȇȶɭʠȟŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࠁࡲƒ‘ƒ¥-ƒ•‘¶èč¡
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ǠŔljǫljȶȍƎʠǐʠƎɃȥơȟƎơȍŔŹŔɭŔʋʠŔɭȟʠŔˊơȥơȍơɭǫǫȍơ
ʋŔȥǬȥŔɭŔȇʋơƎŔʽǫơƎǫȍȟơɽǫȥơǫȇǫȥƃǫȍȇȶɭʠȟŔƎơȥǫɭࡲ
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ˊŔɭŔɭȍŔȥŔȟŔˊŔƃŔǐǬŹǫɭŔʂŔȟŔˊŔʽŔɭȟŔȇʋŔȥ
ȇȶɭʠȥȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲÄɭȥơǐǫȥȇŔƎǬȥȍŔɭƎŔɢơɭǫˊȶƎǫȇ
ɽǫʋȶȍȶǿǫȇȟʠŔˊơȥơˊŔɢŔɭŔȇʠʋơɭʠɽȇŔȥɽơɭǫȥǫơɭȇơȥ
ʋŔȥǬȟŔȇǫȇǫȥƃǫȍȇȶɭʠȟŔˊŔɃɭȥơȇʋǫɭࡲ
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ɽȶȥʠƇȍŔȥȟŔɽǬȥƎŔȥȇȶɭʠȟŔǫƇǫȥŔȍǬȥŔȥɃȥȍơȟȍơɭ
ʧƇʧȥƃʧȍȇȶɭʠȟŔƎǬɭࡲÄɭȥơǐǫȥȇŔȍɢɭȶȟŔʋǫ˖ȟŔɽǬ
ȶȍŔȥŹǫɭƇȶƃʠǐŔǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇŹơȍǫɭʋǫȍơɭǫȇŔˊŹȶȍƎʠȇʋŔȥ
ɽȶȥɭŔƎŔŹơȍǫɭȍǫ˖ŔȟŔȥȍŔɭƎŔŔȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇʽơɭȟơȇ
ʧƇʧȥƃʧȍȇȶɭʠȟŔƎǬɭࡲ
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Geçerlilik: %ǫɭʋŔȥǬʋơɽʋǫȥǫȥɃȍƇȟơˊǫŔȟŔƇȍŔƎǬǐǬ
ɢŔɭŔȟơʋɭơˊǫȥơƎơȥȍǫɃȍƇơŹǫȍƎǫǐǫȥǫȥnjɃɽʋơɭnjơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
7ʠˊŔɭȍǬȍǬȇࡪ %ǫɭʋŔȥǬʋơɽʋǫȥǫȥǫȥƃơȍơȥơȥʋȶɢȍʠȟƎŔȇǫ
njơɭƇơȇǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭʋŔŹǫȍȟơɃ˖ơȍȍǫǐǫȥơ
ƎʠˊŔɭȍǬȍǬȇƎơȥǫɭࡲ%ǫɭŹŔʂȇŔƎơˊǫʂȍơǠŔɽʋŔȶȍŔȥ
ȇǫʂǫȍơɭǫƇǫȥƎơʋơɽʋǫȥɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljƇǬȇȟŔȶȍŔɽǬȍǬǐǬƎǬɭࡲ
òơƇǫƃǫȍǫȇࡪ %ǫɭʋŔȥǬʋơɽʋǫȥǫȥǫȥƃơȍơȥơȥʋȶɢȍʠȟƎŔȇǫ
njơɭƇơȇɽŔǐȍŔȟȍŔɭǬȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭʋŔŹǫȍȟơɃ˖ơȍȍǫǐǫȥơ
ɽơƇǫƃǫȍǫȇƎơȥǫɭࡲ%ǫɭŹŔʂȇŔƎơˊǫʂȍơɽŔǐȍŔȟȶȍŔȥ
ȇǫʂǫȍơɭǫƇǫȥƎơʋơɽʋǫȥȥơnjŔʋǫljƇǬȇȟŔȶȍŔɽǬȍǬǐǬƎǬɭࡲ
Soru
eơȥǫʂʋŔŹŔȥȍǬʽơˊʠȇŔɭǬƎȶǐɭʠƎŔɭŔȍŔȥȥʧljʠɽ
ɢǫɭŔȟǫƎǫȶȍŔȥʋȶɢȍʠȟƎŔŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥ
ǠŔȥnjǫɽǫƎȶǐɭʠƎʠɭࡳ
࢏7ȶǐʠȟǠǬ˖ǬƎʧʂʧȇ࡫ɃȍʧȟǠǬ˖Ǭˊʧȇɽơȇ
%࢏7ȶǐʠȟǠǬ˖Ǭˊʧȇɽơȇ࡫ɃȍʧȟǠǬ˖ǬƎʧʂʧȇ
-࢏7ȶǐʠȟǠǬ˖ǬƎʧʂʧȇ࡫ɃȍʧȟǠǬ˖ǬƎʧʂʧȇ
7࢏eɃƇȶɭŔȥǬˊʧȇɽơȇ
F࢏7ȶǐʠȟǠǬ˖Ǭˊʧȇɽơȇ࡫ɃȍʧȟǠǬ˖Ǭˊʧȇɽơȇ

áɭơƎǫȇʋǫljƎơǐơɭࡪ%ǫɭʋơɽʋǫȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥʽŔɭˊŔƎŔˊȶȇ
ȶȍƎʠǐʠȥŔȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭʋŔŹǫȍȟơɃ˖ơȍȍǫǐǫȥơƎơȥǫɭࡲ
áɭơƎǫȇʋǫljƎơǐơɭǠơȟǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥɢɭơʽŔȍŔȥɽǬȥŔǠơȟ
ƎơʋơɽʋǫȥƎʠˊŔɭȍǬȍǬȇʽơɽơƇǫƃǫȍǫǐǫȥơŹŔǐȍǬƎǬɭࡲáȶ˖ǫʋǫlj
ʽơȥơnjŔʋǫljȶȍȟŔȇʧ˖ơɭơǫȇǫʋʧɭɢɭơƎǫȇʋǫljƎơǐơɭ
ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ

áȶ˖ǫʋǫljɢɭơƎǫȇʋǫljƎơǐơɭࡪ %ǫɭʋŔȥǬʋơɽʋǫȥǫȥɢȶ˖ǫʋǫlj
ƇǬȇʋǬǐǬȇǫʂǫȍơɭǫƇǫȥƎơnjơɭƇơȇȍơʂơȥǠŔɽʋŔȶȍŔȥȍŔɭǬȥ
ȶɭŔȥǬƎǬɭࡲ%ŔʂȇŔŹǫɭƎơˊǫʂȍơ ʋơɽʋǫȥɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljȶȍƎʠǐʠ
ȇȶʂʠȍƎŔȇǫʂǫȥǫȥǠŔɽʋŔȶȍȟŔɽǬȶȍŔɽǬȍǬǐǬȥŔɢȶ˖ǫʋǫlj
ɢɭơƎǫȇʋǫljƎơǐơɭʽơɭǫɭࡲ
òŔǐȍǬȇÄȍƇʧʋȍơɭǫࡪqŔɽʋŔȍǬȇࢎȟȶɭŹǫƎǫʋơ࢏Ǝʧ˖ơˊǫȥǫ
¥ơnjŔʋǫljɢɭơƎǫȇʋǫljƎơǐơɭࡪ %ǫɭʋŔȥǬʋơɽʋǫȥǫȥȥơnjŔʋǫlj
ŹơȍǫɭȍơˊơȥɃȍƇʧʋȍơɭࡲ
ƇǬȇʋǬǐǬȇǫʂǫȍơɭǫƇǫȥƎơnjơɭƇơȇʋơȥɽŔǐȍŔȟȶȍŔȥȍŔɭǬȥ
ȶɭŔȥǬƎǬɭࡲ%ŔʂȇŔŹǫɭƎơˊǫʂȍơʋơɽʋǫȥȥơnjŔʋǫljȶȍƎʠǐʠ áɭơʽŔȍŔȥɽࡪ %ơȍǫɭȍǫŹǫɭȇơɽǫʋǫȥƎơ࡫ŹǫɭʋȶɢȍʠȟƎŔ
ƎʠɭʠȟƎŔȇǫʂǫȥǫȥɽŔǐȍŔȟȶȍȟŔȶȍŔɽǬȍǬǐǬȥơnjŔʋǫlj ɽŔɢʋŔȥŔȥʋʧȟࢎơɽȇǫʽơˊơȥǫ࢏ʽŔȇŔɽŔˊǬɽǬȥǬȥ࡫ŔˊȥǬ
ɢɭơƎǫȇʋǫljƎơǐơɭʽơɭǫɭࡲ ŔȥƎŔȇǫɭǫɽȇŔȍʋǬȥƎŔȇǫȇǫʂǫɽŔˊǬɽǬȥŔŹɃȍʧȥȟơɽǫˊȍơ
ơȍƎơơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ%ǫɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥ࡫ȶŔȥƎŔȇǫʋȶɢȍʠȟƎŔ
eơɭƇơȇʋơ eơɭƇơȇʋơ njɃɭʧȍȟơɽǬȇȍǬǐǬȥǬǫljŔƎơơƎơɭࡲ
ǠŔɽʋŔ ɽŔǐȍŔȟ Toplam
olanlar olanlar áɭơʽŔȍŔȥɽǠǬ˖Ǭए ŹơȍǫɭȍǫŹǫɭŔȥƎŔŹơȍǫɭȍǫŹǫɭ
ʋȶɢȍʠȟƎŔȇǫʽŔȇŔɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸɭǫɽȇŔȍʋǬȥƎŔȇǫȇǫʂǫɽŔˊǬɽǬ
þơɽʋ A B ˉࠀ߿߿
ɽȶȥʠƃʠȥŔ eơɭƇơȇ ĵŔȍŔȥƃǬ A+B
njɃɭơǠŔɽʋŔ ɢȶ˖ǫʋǫlj ɢȶ˖ǫʋǫlj ƒȥɽǫƎŔȥɽࡪ%ơȍǫɭȍǫŹǫɭɽʧɭơǫƇǫȥƎơŹǫɭʋȶɢȍʠȟƎŔȇǫ
þơɽʋ ࢨɽŔǐȍŔȟࢩȇǫʂǫȍơɭǫȥŹơȍǫɭȍǫŹǫɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐŔˊŔȇŔȍŔȥȟŔ
C D
ɽȶȥʠƃʠȥŔ ȶȍŔɽǬȍǬǐǬƎǬɭࡲ
ĵŔȍŔȥƃǬ eơɭƇơȇ C+D
göre
ȥơnjŔʋǫlj ȥơnjŔʋǫlj
ɽŔǐȍŔȟ ƒȥɽǫƎŔȥɽǠǬ˖Ǭए ŹơȍǫɭȍǫŹǫɭɽʧɭơǫƇǫȥƎơnjɃɭʧȍơȥˊơȥǫ
A + B + C+ ʽŔȇŔɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸɭǫɽȇŔȍʋǬȥƎŔȇǫɽŔǐȍŔȟȇǫʂǫɽŔˊǬɽǬˉȇ
Toplam A+C B+D
D

7ʠˊŔɭȍǬȍǬȇࡪ ࢎeơɭƇơȇɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljȍơɭࡸeơɭƇơȇǠŔɽʋŔ ʋŔȇqǬ˖ȍŔɭǬࡪ ƒȥɽǫƎŔȥɽǬȥŹʠȍŔʂǬƃǬǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭ

ȶȍŔȥȍŔɭ࢏ˉࠀ߿߿एࢎŔࡸŔऋƃ࢏ˉࠀ߿߿ ŔȍŔȥǬȥƎŔȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔȥʂơȇȍǫƎǫɭࡲ%ơȍǫɭȍǫŹǫɭɽʧɭơǫƇǫȥƎơ
ɽŔɢʋŔȥŔȥŹʠȍŔʂǬƃǬǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇʽŔȇŔɽŔˊǬɽǬȥǬȥ࡫ȶ
òơƇǫƃǫȍǫȇࡪࢎeơɭƇơȇȥơnjŔʋǫljȍơɭࡸeơɭƇơȇʋơɽŔǐȍŔȟ ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐŔƎʠˊŔɭȍǬȇǫʂǫɽŔˊǬɽǬȥŔŹɃȍʧȥȟơɽǫˊȍơơȍƎơ
ȶȍŔȥȍŔɭ࢏ˉࠀ߿߿एࢎƎࡸŹऋƎ࢏एࠀ߿߿ ơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
áȶ˖ǫʋǫljɢɭơƎǫȇʋǫljƎơǐơɭࡪࢎeơɭƇơȇɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljȍơɭࡸʋʧȟ Fɢǫ˖ȶƎqǬ˖Ǭࡪ%ŔǐǬʂǬȇȍǬȇŹǬɭŔȇȟŔˊŔȥʋơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊŔȥ
ɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljȍơɭ࢏ˉࠀ߿߿एࢎŔࡸŔऋŹ࢏एࠀ߿߿ ŹʠȍŔʂǬƃǬǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬȥŹȶˊʠʋʠȥʠɃȍƇȟơȇǫƇǫȥ
¥ơnjŔʋǫljɢɭơƎǫȇʋǫljƎơǐơɭࡪࢎeơɭƇơȇȥơnjŔʋǫljȍơɭࡸʋʧȟ ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔȥŹǫɭɃȍƇʧʋʋʧɭࡲ
ȥơnjŔʋǫljȍơɭ࢏ˉࠀ߿߿एࢎƎࡸƃऋƎ࢏एࠀ߿߿

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Äȍʧȟࢎ¡ȶɭʋŔȍǫʋơ࢏7ʧ˖ơˊǫȥǫ%ơȍǫɭȍơˊơȥÄȍƇʧʋȍơɭ
‘ŔŹŔÄȍʧȟqǬ˖Ǭࡪ FȥɽǬȇȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔȥ࡫ȇȶȍŔˊơȍƎơ
ơƎǫȍơȥŹǫɭɃȍƇʧʋʋʧɭࡲ
‘¶qए%ǫɭʋȶɢȍʠȟƎŔŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔȇǫʋȶɢȍŔȟɃȍʧȟɽŔˊǬɽǬ
ࡸŔˊȥǬ ʋȶɢȍʠȟʠȥˊǬȍȶɭʋŔɽǬȥʧljʠɽʠˉࠀ߿߿߿
Ä˖ơȍÄȍʧȟqǬ˖ȍŔɭǬࡪ-ǫȥɽǫˊơʋ࡫ˊŔʂ࡫ˊơɭȍơʂǫȟˊơɭǫ࡫
ɃȍʧȟȥơƎơȥǫnjǫŹǫɃ˖ơȍǫȇȍơɭơnjɃɭơǠơɽŔɢơƎǫȍơȥ࡫
ƎŔǠŔƎʠˊŔɭȍǬɃȍʧȟɃȍƇʧʋȍơɭǫƎǫɭࡲ
ĴࢫơɃ˖ơȍɃȍʧȟǠǬ˖Ǭए ȶˊǬȍȇǫĴɃȍʧȟɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸĴࢫǫ
ȥʧljʠɽʠˉࠀ߿߿߿
bŔʋŔȍǫʋơqǬ˖Ǭࡪ %ơȍǫɭȍǫŹǫɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥȥơȇŔƎŔɭ
ɃȍƎʧɭʧƃʧȶȍƎʠǐʠȥʠnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭࡲ
ĴǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥǬȥljŔʋŔȍǫʋơǠǬ˖ǬएĴǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥǬȥɃȍʧȟ
ɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸĴǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥŔˊŔȇŔȍŔȥŔȥȍŔɭǬȥɽŔˊǬɽǬˉȇ
¡ȶɭʋŔȍǫʋơǠǬ˖Ǭए ĴǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơɃȍʧȟ
ɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸʋȶɢȍʠȟʠȥˊǬȍȶɭʋŔɽǬȥʧljʠɽʠˉȇ
%ơŹơȇÄȍʧȟqǬ˖ȍŔɭǬ
%ǫɭʋȶɢȍʠȟƎŔȇǫɽŔǐȍǬȇ࡫ȾˏƟȊȊǨȄȊƟƅȲƂʙȄɷŔǍȊǩǍǩ
düzeyinin en önemli göstergesi ŹơŹơȇɃȍʧȟ
ǠǬ˖ǬƎǬɭࡲ%ơŹơȇȍǫȇƎɃȥơȟǫƎȶǐʠȟƎŔȥǫʋǫŹŔɭơȥ
ˊŔʂŔȟǬȥǫȍȇࠂࠅࠃnjʧȥʧƎʧɭࡲ%ʠƎɃȥơȟǫȥʋŔȟŔȟǬȥƎŔ
ɃȍʧȟɭǫɽȇǫʽơȥơƎơȥȍơɭǫŔˊȥǬƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭࡲ%ʠȥơƎơȥȍơ
ǠǬ˖ƎȶǐʠȟƎŔȥɽȶȥɭŔȇǫǫȍȇࠆnjʧȥ࡫ࠇ-ࠁࠇnjʧȥȍơɭʽơࠁࠈ-
ࠂࠅࠄnjʧȥȍơɭǫƇǫȥŔˊɭǬŔˊɭǬǠơɽŔɢȍŔȥǬɭࡲ
%ʠɽȶȥʧƇǠǬ˖ǬȥǬȥʋȶɢȍŔȟǬ࡫ʋȶɢȍŔȟŹơŹơȇɃȍʧȟ
ǠǬ˖ǬȥǬʽơɭǫɭࡲ%ʠɭŔƎŔɃȥơȟȍǫȶȍŔȥȥȶȇʋŔ࡫ŹơŹơȇ
ɃȍʧȟʧƎǫˊơŹǫȍȟơȇǫƇǫȥŹơŹơǐǫȥƃŔȥȍǬƎȶǐƎʠȇʋŔȥ
ɽȶȥɭŔɃȍȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲqǫƇŹǫɭƃŔȥȍǬȍǬȇŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫˊȶȇɽŔŹʠ
ɃȍʧƎȶǐʠȟƎʠɭʽơŹʠȥȍŔɭɢŔˊʽơɢŔˊƎŔƎŔˊơɭ
ŔȍȟŔ˖ࡲ
þȶɢȍŔȟŹơŹơȇɃȍʧȟǠǬ˖Ǭए ŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔɃȍơȥŹơŹơȇ
ɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍơȥƃŔȥȍǬƎȶǐʠȟɽŔˊǬɽǬ
ˉࠀ߿߿߿
¥ơȶȥŔʋŔȍŹơŹơȇɃȍʧȟǠǬ˖Ǭए ŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔ߿-ࠆnjʧȥȍʧȇ
ǫȇơȥɃȍơȥŹơŹơȇɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍơȥ
ƃŔȥȍǬƎȶǐʠȟɽŔˊǬɽǬˉࠀ߿߿߿
áȶɽʋȥơȶȥŔʋŔȍŹơŹơȇɃȍʧȟǠǬ˖Ǭए ŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔࠁࠈ-ࠂࠅࠄ
njʧȥȍʧȇǫȇơȥɃȍơȥŹơŹơȇɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔȟơˊƎŔȥŔ
njơȍơȥƃŔȥȍǬƎȶǐʠȟɽŔˊǬɽǬˉࠀ߿߿߿
áơɭǫȥŔʋŔȍɃȍʧȟǠǬ˖Ǭࡪ ȥŔɽŔǐȍǬǐǬƎʧ˖ơˊǫȥǫ ơȥǫˊǫ
njɃɽʋơɭơȥࠁࡲɃȍƇʧʋʋʧɭࡲ7ȶǐʠȟɃȥƃơɽǫʽơƎȶǐʠȟ
75
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
ɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔɽŔǐȍǬȇǠǫ˖ȟơʋȍơɭǫȥǫȥˊơʋơɭȍǫȶȍʠɢ
ȶȍȟŔƎǬǐǬȥǬnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭࡲ÷ɃˊȍơǠơɽŔɢơƎǫȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡷ
áơɭǫȥŔʋŔȍɃȍʧȟǠǬ˖Ǭए ŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔɃȍʧƎȶǐŔȥʽơƃŔȥȍǬ
Ǝȶǐʠɢ߿-ࠆnjʧȥǫȇơȥɃȍơȥŹơŹơȇɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔȇǫ
ʋȶɢȍŔȟࢎƃŔȥȍǬऋɃȍʧ࢏ƎȶǐʠȟɽŔˊǬɽǬˉࠀ߿߿߿
ȥŔÄȍʧȟqǬ˖Ǭ
%ǫɭʋȶɢȍʠȟƎŔŔȥŔɽŔǐȍǬǐǬƎʧ˖ơˊǫȥǫơȥǫˊǫˊŔȥɽǬʋŔȥ
ɃȍƇʧʋʋʧɭࡲ•ȶǠʠɽŔȍǬȇƎɃȥơȟǫƎȶǐʠȟƎŔȥɽȶȥɭŔȇǫǫȍȇ
ࠅǠŔljʋŔƎǬɭ࡫ʂɃˊȍơǠơɽŔɢȍŔȥǬɭࡷ
ȥŔɃȍʧȟǠǬ˖ǬएŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔnjơŹơȍǫȇ࡫Ǝȶǐʠȟʽơ
ȍȶǠʠɽŔȍǬȇƎɃȥơȟǫȥƎơȇǫȇŔƎǬȥɃȍʧȟɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸŹǫɭ
ˊǬȍƎŔȇǫƃŔȥȍǬƎȶǐʠȟɽŔˊǬɽǬˉࠀ߿߿߿
7ȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇࢎbơɭʋǫȍǫʋơ࢏7ʧ˖ơˊǫȥǫ%ơȍǫɭȍơˊơȥ
ÄȍƇʧʋȍơɭ
‘ŔŹŔ7ȶǐʠȟqǬ˖Ǭࡪ %ǫɭʋȶɢȍʠȟʠȥƎȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇ
Ǝʧ˖ơˊǫȥǫŹơȍǫɭʋơȥƇȶȇƎʠˊŔɭȍǬȶȍȟŔˊŔȥŹǫɭɃȍƇʧʋʋʧɭࡲ
1ʧȥȇʧɢŔˊƎŔƎŔƎȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬǐŔȇŔʋȇǬɽǬȶȍȟŔˊŔȥˊŔʂ
ʽơƃǫȥɽȍơɭƎơˊơɭŔȍȟŔȇʋŔƎǬɭࡲ÷ɃˊȍơǠơɽŔɢơƎǫȍǫɭࡷ
‘ŔŹŔƎȶǐʠȟǠǬ˖ǬएŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔȇǫƃŔȥȍǬƎȶǐʠȟ
ɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸŔˊȥǬʋȶɢȍʠȟʠȥˊǬȍȶɭʋŔɽǬȥʧljʠɽʠˉࠀ߿߿߿
ĵŔʂŔ-Ä˖ơȍ7ȶǐʠȟqǬ˖ȍŔɭǬࡪ‘ŔƎǬȥȍŔɭƎŔƎȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇ
ƎɃȥơȟǫȥƎơࢎࠀࠄ-ࠃࠈˊŔʂȍŔɭ࢏ŹơȍǫɭȍǫˊŔʂȍŔɭƎŔȇǫ
ƎȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇƎʧ˖ơˊǫȥǫŹơȍǫɭʋơȥơȥƎʠˊŔɭȍǬljơɭʋǫȍǫʋơ
ɃȍƇʧʋʧƎʧɭࡲÄɭȥơǐǫȥࠂ߿-ࠂࠄˊŔʂnjɭʠŹʠǫƇǫȥʂɃˊȍơ
Źʠȍʠȥʠɭࡲ
30 – ࠂࠄˊŔʂŔɃ˖ơȍƎȶǐʠȟǠǬ˖Ǭए ŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔࠂ߿– ࠂࠄˊŔʂ
ŔȥȥơȍơɭǫȥˊŔɢʋǬǐǬƃŔȥȍǬƎȶǐʠȟࡸࠂ߿– ࠂࠄˊŔʂȍŔɭƎŔȇǫ
ȇŔƎǬȥɽŔˊǬɽǬˉࠀ߿߿߿
þȶɢȍŔȟ7ȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇqǬ˖Ǭࡪ ĵŔʂŔ-Ä˖ơȍƎȶǐʠȟ
ǠǬ˖ȍŔɭǬȥǬȥࢎȇŔʋɽŔˊǬȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍȟŔƎŔȥ࢏ʋȶɢȍŔȟǬȥࠄǫȍơ
ƇŔɭɢǬȟǬˊȍŔơȍƎơơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ%ʠȥʠȥŔȥȍŔȟǬʂʠƎʠɭࡷ%ơȍȍǫ
ŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔǠŔȍơȥƎȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇƇŔǐǬȥƎŔȶȍŔȥ
ȇŔƎǬȥȍŔɭǬȥƎȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇƎʧ˖ơˊȍơɭǫŔˊȥơȥƎơʽŔȟ
ơƎơɭɽơ࡫ƎȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇƎɃȥơȟȍơɭǫȥǫ
ʋŔȟŔȟȍŔƎǬȇȍŔɭǬȥƎŔǠơɭ ȇŔƎǬȥȶɭʋŔȍŔȟŔʋȶɢȍŔȟ
ƎȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇǠǬ˖ǬȶȍŔɭŔȇơȍƎơơƎǫȍơȥɽŔˊǬȇŔƎŔɭ
ƇȶƃʠȇɽŔǠǫŹǫȶȍŔƃŔȇʋǬɭࡲ
eơȥơȍ7ȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇqǬ˖Ǭࡪ 7ȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇƇŔǐǬȥƎŔȇǫǠơɭ
ࠀ߿߿߿ȇŔƎǬȥǬȥŹǫɭˊǬȍƎŔˊŔɢʋǬǐǬƃŔȥȍǬƎȶǐʠȟ
ɽŔˊǬɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
eơȥơȍƎȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇǠǬ˖ǬएƃŔȥȍǬƎȶǐʠȟɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸࠀࠄ–
ࠃࠈˊŔʂȇŔƎǬȥɽŔˊǬɽǬˉȇ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

1ȶƃʠȇࡸ‘ŔƎǬȥ¶ɭŔȥǬࢎbơɭʋǫȍǫʋơ¶ɭŔȥǬ࢏ࡪ 7ȶǐʠȟ eèčá%

ɽŔˊǬȍŔɭǬȥǬȥƎȶǐɭʠŹǫƇǫȟƎơɽŔɢʋŔȥŔȟŔƎǬǐǬ ࡧ1ǫƇơȇ
ƎʠɭʠȟȍŔɭƎŔ࡫ȥʧljʠɽɽŔˊǬȟǬʽơɭǫȍơɭǫȇʠȍȍŔȥŔɭŔȇơȍƎơ ࡧFɢǫƎơȟǫȇþǫljʠɽ
ơƎǫȍơȥ࡫ƎȶǐʠɭnjŔȥȍǬȇŹȶˊʠʋʠȥʠƎȶȍŔˊȍǬŹǫƇǫȟƎơ ࡧòŔɭǬǠʠȟȟŔ
ŹơȍǫɭʋơȥŹǫɭɃȍƇʧʋʋʧɭࡲ ࡧĪơŹŔ

1ȶƃʠȇ– ‘ŔƎǬȥȶɭŔȥǬࢎljơɭʋǫȍǫʋơ࢏ए ߿ – ࠃˊŔʂƇȶƃʠȇ

ɽŔˊǬɽǬࡸࠀࠄ– ࠃࠈˊŔʂȍŔɭƎŔȇǫȇŔƎǬȥɽŔˊǬɽǬˉȇ
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þ¥z¡•ĵz-zƒòþþƒòþƒ‘•Fè ȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơʋǫɭơŹǫȍȟơɃ˖ơȍȍǫǐǫȥơʽơɭǫȍơȥŔƎƎǬɭࡲ

7ŔǐǬȍǬȟǬȥˊơɭnjɃɽʋơɭơȥɃȍƇʧʋȍơɭǫࢎȟơɭȇơ˖ǫơǐǫȍǫȟ ĪǫɭʠȍŔȥɽࡪFʋȇơȥǫȥȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơʋǫɭƎǫǐǫǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥ
ɃȍƇʧʋȍơɭǫ࢏ ƎơɭơƃơɽǫȥǫnjɃɽʋơɭơȥȇŔʽɭŔȟƎǬɭࡲ

- ɭǬʋȟơʋǫȇȶɭʋŔȍŔȟŔࢎˉ࡫ µ࢏ࡪ7ơǐơɭȍơɭʋȶɢȍŔȟǬࡸ ȥʋǫǿơȥǫʋơࡪ FʋȇơȥơȇŔɭʂǬȇǫʂǫȥǫȥʽʧƃʠƎʠȥƎŔŔʋǫȇȶɭ

ƎơȥơȇɽŔˊǬɽǬࡲ ȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
- ¶ɭʋŔȥƃŔࢎȟơƎˊŔȥ࢏ࡪ7ŔǐǬȍǬȟǬȥȶɭʋŔȥȶȇʋŔɽǬȥƎŔȇǫ
þȶȇɽǫǿơȥǫʋơࡪFʋȇơȥȍơɭǫȥȇȶȥŔȇʋŔʋȶȇɽǫȥʧɭơʋơɭơȇ
Ǝơǐơɭ-
ˊŔˊǬȍȟŔɃ˖ơȍȍǫǐǫȥơʽơɭǫȍơȥǫɽǫȟƎǫɭࡲ
- þơɢơƎơǐơɭǫࢎȟȶƎ࢏ࡪ7ŔǐǬȍǬȟƎŔơȥƇȶȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥ
Ǝơǐơɭ
- 1ơˊɭơȇʽơĵʧ˖Ǝơȍǫȇȍơɭࢎáơɭɽơȥʋǫȍ࢏ࡪहࠁࠄ-हࠄ߿-हࠆࠄ
òǫȟơʋɭǫȇࢎȥȶɭȟŔȍ࢏ƎŔǐǬȍǬȟƎŔŔɭǫʋȟơʋǫȇȶɭʋŔȍŔȟŔ࡫
ȶɭʋŔȥƃŔʽơʋơɢơƎơǐơɭǫŹǫɭŹǫɭǫȥơơʂǫʋʋǫɭࡲ

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- %ǫɭƎǫ˖ǫɃȍƇʧȟʧȥnjɃɽʋơɭƎǫǐǫƎơǐǫʂǫȟǫȥơȥ
njʧʽơȥǫȍǫɭɃȍƇʧɽʧƎʧɭࡲ
- 7ŔǐǬȍǬȟljŔ˖ȍŔˊɽŔɽʋŔȥƎŔɭʋɽŔɢȟŔŹʧˊʧȇ࡫ƎŔǐǬȍǬȟ
ƎŔɭŔȍŔȥƎŔǫɽơȇʧƇʧȇʋʧɭࡲ

ĪŔɭˊŔȥɽ
- qơɭŹǫɭƎŔǐǬȍǬȟŔǫȍǫʂȇǫȥnjɃ˖ȍơȟȍơɭǫȥȶɭʋŔȍŔȟŔƎŔȥ
ŔˊɭǬȍǬʂȍŔɭǬȥǬȥȇŔɭơȍơɭǫȥǫȥȶɭʋŔȍŔȟŔɽǬȥŔʽŔɭˊŔȥɽ
Ǝơȥǫɭࡲ
- Grup A B C D ǝŔɷʄŔȊǩȄȊŔɧǩ ˃ŔȢ˃ŔȢŔŔ˃ɧǩŔ˃ɧǩ
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Grup A: þʧȟɽŔǐȍǬȇȇʠɭʠȍʠʂȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȥŹǫȍƎǫɭǫȟǫ
˖ȶɭʠȥȍʠǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭ
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eɭʠɢ-ࡪ òơȥʋǫȥơȍɽʠɭʽơˊŔȥɽ ȇŔɢɽŔȟǬȥƎŔŹǫȍƎǫɭǫȟǫ
ˊŔɢǬȍŔƃŔȇǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭ
Grup D: •ŔŹȶɭŔʋʠŔɭƎŔȥŹǫȍƎǫɭǫȟǫ˖ȶɭʠȥȍʠ
ơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥơʋȇơȥȍơɭǫࡸǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭ

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Göğüs ve Kalp
Damar Cerrahisi

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7. GÄhĔòĪF‘•á7¡è-Fèèqƒòƒ þŔȥǬɽǬȥƎŔ čòe࡫ %þ ʽơ Ŕȥǿǫȶ ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ þơƎŔʽǫɽǫ

ƃơɭɭŔǠǫȶȍŔɭŔȇɽơȥʋơʋǫȇŹǫɭˊŔȟŔˊŔɢǬȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ

ŹƎȶȟǫȥŔȍŔȶɭʋŔȥơʽɭǫ˖ȟŔɽǬ
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- ŹƎȶȟǫȥŔȍŔȶɭʋŔȥơʽɭǫ˖ȟŔɽǬơȥɽǬȇŔʋơɭȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖Ŕ
ŹŔǐȍǬ ȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơ ɽǫnjŔɭŔ ǫƇơȥȍơɭƎơ ʽơ bǫ˖ˊȶɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫࡪ eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơ ɽȶȍ ɽʠŹȇȍŔʽǫŔȥ ࢎहࠈࠄ࢏
ơɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơ njɃ˖ʧȇʧɭࡲ ˊɭǬƃŔ ࠄ߿ ˊŔʂ ŔȍʋǬȥƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơ Ŕɭʋơɭǫȥ ƎǫɽʋŔȍǫȥƎơ njɃɭʧȍơȥ ƎȶǐʠȟɽŔȍ ȶȍŔɭŔȇ
ƎŔǠŔ ȥŔƎǫɭ njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ njơȍǫʂȟǫʂ ȶȍŔȥ ʽơ ǠơȟȶƎǫȥŔȟǫȇ ȶȍŔɭŔȇ ŔȥȍŔȟȍǬ
- ơȥɽǬȇinfrarenal aort ɽơnjȟơȥʋǫȥƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ ɽơnjȟơȥʋơɭ ƎŔɭŔȍȟŔ njɃɽʋơɭơȥ ɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫ Ŕȶɭʋ
ȇȶŔɭʋŔɽˊȶȥʠ ȶȍŔɭŔȇ ʋŔȥǬȟȍŔȥǬɭࡲ òǬȇȍǬȇȍŔ
ǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥŔˊȶȍŔƇŔɭࡲ

- qŔɽʋŔȍŔɭnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơŔɽơȟʋȶȟŔʋǫȇɢʠȍɽŔʋǫȍȇǫʋȍơ ile
njơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ ȶɭʋ ƇŔɢǬȥǬȥ ऑࠂ ƃȟ ȶȍȟŔɽǬ ʋŔȥǬ - ‘ȶŔɭʋŔɽˊȶȥʠȥƎǫɽʋŔȍǫȥƎơŔɭʋȟǬʂȇȶȍȍŔʋơɭŔȍŔɭʋơɭ
ȇȶˊƎʠɭʠƃʠƎʠɭࡲ ƎȶȍŔʂǬȟǬǫȍơɢơɭljʧ˖ˊȶȥnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- %Ŕ˖Ǭ ƎʠɭʠȟȍŔɭƎŔ ŔƇǬȇ ˊǬɭʋǬȍȟŔƎŔȥ ǠŔljʋŔȍŔɭ Ƀȥƃơ - %ɃŹɭơȇȍơɭ ƎʧʂʧȇȇŔȥŹŔɽǬȥƃǬˊȍŔɢơɭljʧ˖ơȶȍʠɭȍŔɭ
ȇŔȥǬȥɽǬ˖ȟŔɽǬȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơȇŔɭǬȥʽơˊŔȥŔǐɭǬɽǬȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ ɭơȥǫȥɽơʽǫˊơɽǫǫȍơɭơȥǫȥŔȥǿǫȶʋơȥɽǫȥɽǫɽʋơȟǫ
ŔȇʋǫʽŔɽˊȶȥʠŔɭʋŔɭࡲ 1ȶƃʠȇȍʠȇʋŔȇŔȍɢˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫȥơ
ȥơƎơȥȶȍȟŔȟǬʂɽŔơɭǫʂȇǫȥƎơǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ
¶ɢơɭŔɽˊȶȥơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ ɽŔɢʋŔȥȟŔƎŔȥnjơȍǫʂȟơƎơȥɽŔɢʋŔȥȟŔɽǬnjʧƇʋʧɭࡲ
ࡧऑࠄࡲࠄƃȟࢫƎơȥŹʧˊʧȇ - þʠɭȥơɭɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠȥƎŔɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲࢎ%ǫȇʠɽɢǫƎŔȶɭʋa ve
ࡧòơȟɢʋȶȟʽơɭȟơɽǫ ɢʠȍȟȶȥơɭƎŔɭȍǬȇơʂȍǫȇơƎơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ࢏FɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơƎŔǠŔ
ࡧqǬ˖ȍǬŹʧˊʧȟơɽǫ ɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲeơŹơȍǫǐǫȥɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơࠂࡲþɭǫȟơɽʋơɭǫȥƎơ
ŔȶɭʋɭʧɢʋʧɭɭǫɽȇǫŔɭʋŔɭࡲ
- ĭǫȍȍǫɽɢȶȍǫnjȶȥʠŔȥơʽɭǫ˖ȟŔɽǬˊȍŔŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
òǬȇȍǬȇȍŔŹǫȇʠɽɢǫƎŔȶɭʋǫȇʽŔȍʽǫȍơŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ

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- òǬȇȍǬȇȍŔŹŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬ࡫ȇȍŔƎǫȇŔɽˊȶ࡫ŹŔƃŔȇˊȶɭnjʠȥȍʠǐʠ࡫
‘‘ĵʽơơɢǫɽʋŔȇɽǫɽ njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- bǫ˖ǫȇȟʠŔˊơȥơƎơɃȍƇʧȍơȥȇŔȥŹŔɽǬȥƃǬŔɭʋȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ
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ȇǬɽȟǬǫˊǫnjơȍǫʂȟǫʂŔȥƃŔȇŹŔƃŔȇȍŔɭŹŔ˖ơȥǫˊǫ
njơȍǫʂȟơȟǫʂʋǫɭࡲ
- þŔȥǬɽǬȥƎŔ F‘eࢫƎơɽȶȍʽơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍǠǫɢơɭʋɭȶfisi
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- eɃǐʧɽljǫȍȟǫȥƎơȇŔɭƎǫˊȶȟơnjŔȍǫ࡫ŔȶɭʋŔƎŔࠂʂơȇȍǫ
njɃɭʧȥʧȟʧ࡫ȇȶȍȍŔʋơɭŔȍȍơɭʽơȇȶɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔƇơȥʋǫȇȍơɭ
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ ‘ŔɭƎǫˊȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇơȥɽǬȇŹǫȇʠɽɢǫʋŔȶɭʋŔ
njɃ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ

þơƎŔʽǫƎơƃơɭɭŔǠǫŔȍʋǬȥɽʋŔȥƎŔɭʋʋǬɭࡲˊɭǬƃŔɢơɭȇʧʋŔȥ
ŹŔȍȶȥŔȶɭʋȶɢȍŔɽʋǫʠˊnjʠȍŔȥŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

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òŔȥʋɭŔȍ čˊȇʠ ɢȥơɽǫࡪ %ơˊǫȥƎơȇǫ ɽȶȍʠȥʠȟ
ȟơɭȇơ˖ǫȥǫȥ ˊơʋơɭɽǫ˖ ʽơ ʠˊʠȟɽʠ˖ ƇŔȍǬʂȟŔɽǬ
ɽơŹơŹǫˊȍơ ȶɭʋŔˊŔ ƇǬȇŔɭȍŔɭࡲ òȶȍʠȥʠȟ Ŕ˖ŔȍȟŔɽǬ ʽơ
ƎʠɭȟŔɽǬȥǬ ʋŔȇǫŹơȥ ȇŔȥƎŔ ȇŔɭŹȶȥƎǫȶȇɽǫʋǫȥ ŔɭʋȟŔɽǬ
ʽơȶȇɽǫǿơȥǫȥŔ˖ŔȍȟŔɽǬɽȶȥɭŔɽǬȥƎŔʠˊŔȥȟŔʋǫɢǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
òȶɭʠ
¶ŹɽʋɭʠȇʋǫljʠˊȇʠŔɢȥơɽǫɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠȥƎŔ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔȶŹɽʋɭʧȇɽǫˊȶȥȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫɽʋǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇ
ǠŔȥnjǫŔȥŔʋȶȟǫȇŹɃȍnjơƎơȶȍʠɭࡳ
࢏ĪȶȇŔȍȇȶɭƎ
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F࢏þɭŔȇơŔ
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%ȶǐŔ˖ƎŔ ɽȶȍʠȥʠȟ ˊȶȍʠȥʠ ŔƇǬȇ ʋʠʋŔȥ ȇŔɽȍŔɭǬȥ
njơʽʂơȟȟơȍơɭǫ ǫȍơ ǠŔʽŔȥǬȥ njơƇơƃơǐǫ ŔȍŔȥǬȥ
ࢎȶɭȶljŔɭǫȥȇ࢏ ȇŔɢŔȥȟŔɽǬ࡫ ƎŔɭŔȍȟŔɽǬ ɽȶȥʠƃʠȥƎŔ
ȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ qŔʽŔ ˊȶȍȍŔɭǬȥǬȥ ƎŔɭŔȍȟŔɽǬ ɽȶȥʠƃʠȥƎŔ Źǫɭ
ɽʧɭơ ɽȶȍʠȥʠȟ Ǝʠɭʠɭ ʽơ ȇŔȥƎŔȇǫ ȶȇɽǫǿơȥ ȟǫȇʋŔɭǬ
Ŕ˖ŔȍǬɭࡲ qȶɭȍŔȟŔȍŔɭ࡫ ƇǬɭɢǬȥȟŔȍŔɭȍŔ njơƇơȥ njơƃơȥǫȥ
ŔɭƎǬȥƎŔȥ Ǡơȟ ƃǫƎƎǫ Źǫɭ ơljȶɭ ɽŔɭljơƎǫȍȟǫʂ࡫ Ǡơȟ Ǝơ
njơɭơȇȍǫʠˊȇʠŔȍǬȥŔȟŔȟǬʂȶȍʠɭࡲ
èǫɽȇbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫ
- ‘ǫȍȶljŔ˖ȍŔȍǬǐǬ ȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơŹȶˊȥʠǬȥʽơŹȶǐŔ˖
ƇơʽɭơɽǫȥƎơȇǫˊŔǐƎȶȇʠɽʠȥʠȥŔɭʋȟŔɽǬ
- Ä˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔŹʧˊʧȟʧʂʋȶȥɽǫȍʽơˊŔ
ŔƎơȥȶǫƎʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ
- čˊȇʠŔɢȥơɽǫơɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơȇŔƎǬȥŔȍɭŔ ȶɭŔȥȍŔࠁȇŔʋ
ƎŔǠŔljŔ˖ȍŔȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭ࡫ŹʠȥơƎơȥȍơơɭȇơȇȶȍȟŔȇ
ŹǫɭɭǫɽȇljŔɭȇʋɃɭʧƎʧɭࡲ
- čˊȇʠŔɢȥơɽǫȶɭʋŔˊŔʂʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơȇǫơɭǫʂȇǫȥȍơɭƎơ
njơȥƇȍơɭơnjɃɭơࠁ– ࠂȇŔʋƎŔǠŔljŔ˖ȍŔ njɃɭʧȍƎʧǐʧȥƎơȥ
ˊŔʂƎŔŹǫɭɭǫɽȇljŔȇʋɃɭʧȶȍŔɭŔȇȇŔŹʠȍơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
- %ȶǐŔ˖ȇŔɽȍŔɭǬȥǬȥʠˊȇʠɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔnjơʽʂơȟơɽǫȥơ
ȥơƎơȥȶȍƎʠǐʠǫƇǫȥ ŔȍȇȶȍʽơʠˊȇʠǫȍŔƇȍŔɭǬȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬ
ƎŔɭǫɽȇljŔȇʋɃɭʧȶȍʠʂʋʠɭʠɭࡲ
þơƎŔʽǫ
- čˊȇʠ Ŕɢȥơɽǫȥǫȥ ȇơɽǫȥ ʋơʂǠǫɽǫ ʽơ ʂǫƎƎơʋǫȥǫȥ
ɃȍƇʧȍơŹǫȍȟơɽǫ ǫƇǫȥ ʠˊȇʠ ȍŔŹȶɭʋŔʋʠŔɭȍŔɭǬȥƎŔ
ࢨɢȶȍǫɽȶȟȥȶnjɭŔljǫࢩ ˊŔɢǬȍȟŔɽǬ njơɭơȇǫɭࡲ
- qŔɽʋŔȥǬȥ ɽȶɭʠȥʠȥʠȥ ɽŔɢʋŔȥȟŔɽǬȥǬȥ ŔɭƎǬȥƎŔȥ
njơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơ CPAP ƃǫǠŔ˖Ǭ ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ -áá ƃǠǫŔ˖ǬȥǬȥ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍȟŔɽǬȥƎŔȇǫ ŔȟŔƇ ǠŔɽʋŔˊŔ ƎơʽŔȟȍǬ ǠŔʽŔ
ŹŔɽǬȥƃǬʠˊnjʠȍŔȟŔɽǬˊȍŔʠˊȇʠɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȇŔɢŔȥŔȥʧɽʋ
ǠŔʽŔˊȶȍȍŔɭǬȥǬŔƇǬȇʋʠʋȟŔȇʋǬɭࡲ

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njơƇơɭࡲ òʠŹȇȍŔʽǫˊơȥ ʽơȥ Ŕȥʋơɭǫȶɭ ɽȇŔȍơȥ ȇŔɽǬȥǬȥ
ɃȥʧȥƎơȥnjơƇơɭࡲ
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ȥȶȥɽɢơɽǫljǫȇ ɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭŔ ࢎʧɽʋ ơȇɽʋɭơȟǫʋơƎơ ŔǐɭǬ࡫
Ŕʋɭȶljǫ࡫ Ǝʠˊʠ Źȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ࢏ þ1ò ƎơȥȟơȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ
HŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥ ƇȶǐʠȥƎŔ ɽơɭʽǫȇŔȍ ȇȶɽʋŔ ʽơˊŔ C7
ʋɭŔȥɽʽơɭɽ ɢɭȶƇơɽ ʠ˖ŔȟŔɽǬ njǫŹǫ ŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭ ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
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‘ȶɽʋŔˊŔʠ˖ŔȥŔȥȇŔȍǬȥljǫŹɭɃ˖ŹŔȥʋʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
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qơɭ ǫȇǫ ŔȇƃǫǐơɭǫƎơ ǫƇǫȥơ ŔȍŔȥ ȥȶȥȇŔɭƎǫˊȶǿơȥǫȇ
Ƀ˖ơȍȍǫȇʋơȇǫƎǫljljʠ˖ǫȥljǫȍʋɭŔɽˊȶȥȍŔȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơ࡫ȶȇɽǫǿơȥ
ʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥơ ƃơʽŔɢ ʽơɭȟơˊơȥ Ŕȇʠʋ ɽȶȍʠȥʠȟ
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ˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫ ɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠƎʠɭࡲ -ǫƎƎǫ Ǝǫɽɢȥơ࡫ Ǡǫɢȶȇɽǫ࡫
Ŕȇƃǫǐơɭ࡫ ȇȶȟɢȍǫŔȥɽǬȥǬȥ Ŕ˖ŔȍȟŔɽǬ ʽơ ɢʠȍȟȶȥơɭ
ɃƎơȟ ǫȍơ ȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ áŔʋȶljǫ˖ˊȶȍȶǿǫƎơ
ŔȍʽơȶȍȶȇŔɢǫȍȍơɭ ȟơȟŹɭŔȥ ǠŔɭŔŹǫˊơʋǫȥơ ŹŔǐȍǬ
ȥȶȥȇŔɭƎǫˊȶǿơȥǫȇ Ŕȇƃǫǐơɭ ɃƎơȟǫ njơȍǫʂȟơɽǫ ɽɃ˖
ȇȶȥʠɽʠƎʠɭࡲ
- ࠆnjʧȥƎơȥƎŔǠŔȇǬɽŔɽʧɭơƎơȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇȟǬʂŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍ
ɢʠȍȟȶȥơɭ ǫȥljǫȍʋɭŔɽˊȶȥ ȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ
- áʠȍȟȶȥơɭ Ŕɭʋơɭ ȇŔȟŔ ŹŔɽǬȥƃǬ ࠀࠇ ȟȟ qnj ʽơˊŔ
ŔȍʋǬȥƎŔƎǬɭࡲ ࢎòȶȍ ȇŔȍɢ ˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫȥơ ŹŔǐȍǬ Ŕȇƃǫǐơɭ
ɃƎơȟǫȥƎơȥ ŔˊǬɭǬȟǬȥƎŔ Ƀȥơȟȍǫ࢏
- è7òࢫȥǫȥ ơȥ ɽǬȇ ɽơŹơŹǫ ŹŔȇʋơɭǫˊơȍ ɽơɢʋǫɽơȟǫƎǫɭࡲ
ˊɭǬƃŔ 7z-࡫ ʂȶȇ ɽǬʽǬ ŔɽɢǫɭŔɽˊȶȥʠ࡫ ʋɭŔʽȟŔ࡫ ȇŔȥ
tranɽljʧ˖ˊȶȥʠ࡫ ɢŔȥȇɭơŔʋǫʋ࡫ ƎʠȟŔȥ ǫȥǠŔȍŔɽˊȶȥʠ ʽơ
ŔʂǬɭǬ ơɭȶǫȥ ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬ Ǝǫǐơɭ ȥơƎơȥȍơɭƎǫɭࡲ
- Fȥ ɽǬȇ ȇȍǫȥǫȇ ɽơȟɢʋȶȟʠ ƎǫɽɢȥơƎǫɭࡲ ƒȍȇ Źơȍǫɭʋǫ
Ǝǫɽɢȥơȥǫȥ ǫ˖ȍơƎǫǐǫ njǫʋʋǫȇƇơ ŔɭʋŔȥ Źǫɭ ʋŔȇǫɢȥơƎǫɭࡲ
bǫ˖ǫȇŹʠȍnjʠƎŔɭŔȍȍơɭƎʠˊʠȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
è7òþŔȥǬ‘ɭǫʋơɭȍơɭǫ
ࡧȇʠʋŹŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇ
• ȇƃǫǐơɭljǫȍȟǫȥƎơŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍƎǫljljʧ˖ǫȥljǫȍʋɭŔɽˊȶȥ
ࡧáŔ¶ࠁࡸbǫ¶ࠁȶɭŔȥǬȥǬȥऒࠁ߿߿ȟȟqnjŔȍʋǬȥƎŔȶȍȟŔɽǬ
ࡧáʠȍȟȶȥơɭŔɭʋơɭȇŔȟŔŹŔɽǬȥƃǬȥǬȥࠀࠇȟȟqeࢫȥǫȥ
ŔȍʋǬȥƎŔȶȍȟŔɽǬࡲ
ȇƃǫǐơɭeɭŔljǫɽǫ
- ĵŔȟŔʋŔɭ˖ǬʽơˊŔˊŔˊnjǬȥ࡫ŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍɢŔȟʠȇŔɭʋǬǐǬ
ʂơȇȍǫȥƎơǫȥljǫȍʋɭŔɽˊȶȥ
- eɭȶɽɽȶȍŔɭŔȇŔȇƃǫǐơɭɃƎơȟŔʋɃ˖ʽơǠŔȟȶɭŔǿǫȇʋǫɭࡷ
ȟǫȇɭȶɽȇȶŹǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇǫɽơǫȥʋɭŔŔȍʽơȶȍŔɭɢɭȶʋǫơȥɃ˖ɽǬʽǬ
ȇȶȍơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫƎơǠơƎơljƎȶȇʠȶȇɽǫǿơȥǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥʠȥʠȥ
ɽŔǐȍŔȥȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲqŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥƇȶǐʠȥƎŔȟơȇŔȥǫȇ
ʽơȥʋǫȍŔɽˊȶȥnjơɭơȇǫɭࡲ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

áȥɃȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽ

ȇƃǫǐơɭ ˖ŔɭȍŔɭǬ ŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȇǫ ŹȶʂȍʠǐŔ ǠŔʽŔ Źǫɭǫȇȟơɽǫ

ȶȍŔˊǬȥŔ Ǝơȥǫɭࡲ eɃǐʧɽ ŔǐɭǬɽǬ࡫ Ǝǫɽɢȥơ࡫ ǠǫɢơɭɽȶȥŔɭǫʋơ
ʽơȟơƎǫŔɽʋǫȥŔȍʂǫljʋʋǫɢǫȇɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭǫƎǫɭࡲ

áɭǫȟơɭòɢȶȥʋŔȥáȥɃȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽࢎ%Ŕɽǫʋ
áȥɃȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽ࢏

ÄȥƃơƎơȥ Źǫȍǫȥơȥ Ŕȇƃǫǐơɭ ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ ȶȍȟŔˊŔȥ

ŹǫɭơˊȍơɭƎơ ŔɢǫȇŔȍ ɽʠɢŹȍơʽɭŔȍ Źȍơɢȍơɭǫȥ
ɢŔʋȍŔȟŔɽǬˊȍŔ ȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ ࠁ߿ – ࠃ߿ ˊŔʂ ŔɭŔɽǬ ɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơˊȶǐʠȥɽǫnjŔɭŔǫƇơȥȍơɭƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲहࠆࠄʋơȇ
ʋŔɭŔljȍǬʽơहࠄ߿ʋơȇɭŔɭȍŔȟŔˊŔơǐǫȍǫȟȍǫƎǫɭࡲ òʠŹɢȍơʽɭŔȍ
Źȍơɢȍơɭǫȥ ɽơŹơŹǫ njơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơ ɽʠŹȇȍǫȥǫȇ ɢŔɭŔɽơɢʋŔȍ
Ŕȟljǫ˖ơȟƎǫɭࡲ

òơȇȶȥƎơɭòɢȶȥʋŔȥáȥɃȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽࢎ‘ȶȟɢȍǫȇơ
áȥɃȶȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽ࢏

Fȥ ɽǬȇ ŔȍʋʋŔ ˊŔʋŔȥ ɽơŹnjơɢ ‘¶qࢫʋǬɭࡲ qơɭ ʋʧɭȍʧ

ŔȇƃǫǐơɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥƎŔnjɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲȍʋʋŔˊŔʋŔȇŔȇƃǫǐơɭ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơȇȍǫȥǫȇɽơˊɭǫƎŔǠŔȇɃʋʧƎʧɭࡲ

ƇǬȇáȥɃȟȶʋȶɭŔȇɽ

- Fǐơɭ njɃǐʧɽ ƎʠʽŔɭǬȥƎŔȇǫ Ǝơȍǫȇ njȍȶʋʋǫɽǫȥ

ŔƇǬȇȍǬǐǬȥƎŔȥ ȇʧƇʧȇ ǫɽơ࡫ ˊŔɭŔȍǬ ˊŔȥ Ŕȇƃǫǐơɭǫ ǫƇǫȥơ
ǠŔʽŔ njǫɭǫɢ ƇǬȇȟŔˊǬ ɽʧɭƎʧɭơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ 1ʧȥȇʧ ƎǬʂŔɭƎŔȇǫ
ǠŔʽŔ njɃǐʧɽ ƎʠʽŔɭǬȥƎŔȇǫ ȇʧƇʧȇ Ǝơȍǫȇʋơȥ njǫɭǫȥƃơˊơ
Ǝơǐǫȥ Źȶȍ ȟǫȇʋŔɭƎŔ ǠŔʽŔ njȍȶʋʋǫɽʋơȥ Ŕȇƃǫǐơɭȍơɭơ
ƎȶȍŔƃŔǐǬȥƎŔȥ ˊŔɭŔȍǬ ˊŔȥ ŔȇƃǫǐơɭǫȥƎơȇǫ ȇȶȍȍŔɢɽ
ɢŔɭɽǫˊơȍƎǫɭࡲ
- •ŔɭǫȥnjơŔȍ ƃɭȶɽɽ-ɽơƃʋǫȥŔȍ ŔȍŔȥǬȥǬ ŔʂŔȥ Źǫɭ njɃǐʧɽ
ˊŔɭŔɽǬ࡫ŔȇƃǫǐơɭǫȥʋʧȟȇȶȍȍŔɢɽǬȥǬǠơɭŹǫɭɭơɽɢǫɭŔʋʠŔɭ
ƇŔŹŔƎŔ ȟơƎǫŔɽʋǫȥʠȟ Źơȍǫɭnjǫȥ ɢɭȶȇɽǫȟŔȍ ʂǫljʋǫȥǫ
ȶȍʠʂʋʠɭŔƃŔȇʋǬɭࡲ

ࠅá
Pain áʠȍɽơȍơɽɽ Pallor
Paresthesia áŔɭŔȍˊɽǫɽ áȶǫȇǫȍȶʋǠơɭȟǫŔ

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Küçük Stajlar | 8. Ortopedi

Ortopedi

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8. Oèþ¶áF7ƒ 7‘1

- ɽơʋŔŹʠȍʠȟƎơɭǫȥȍǫǐǫ Ŕ˖ŔȍǬɭࡲbơȟʠɭŹŔʂǬ
ˊʠʽŔɭȍŔȇȍǬǐǬȥǬȇŔˊŹơƎơɭࡲ
eơȍǫʂǫȟɽơȍ‘ŔȍƇŔ7ǫɽɢȍŔ˖ǫɽǫ - ŸʠȄƌǨɷ˃ȲȢȄǩɷǩʄȊǩȊǩǍǩʄǨɝǨȄʄǨɧࡲࢇoƟɧʄŸƟȊǨɧʄǨɷǨ࢈
- ‘ŔɢɽʧȍʽơȍǫnjŔȟơȥʋʠ˖Ŕɭ࡫ȇŔɢɽʧȍ ȇʠȟɽŔŔʋǫ
ƒȇǫþǫɢʋǫɭ
njɃʋʧȥʧȟʧŔȍǬɭࡲ
ࠀ࢏þǫɢǫȇ7‘1ࢎơȥɽǬȇ࡫njơȍǫʂǫȟɽơȍƎǫɭ࡫ɢȶɽʋȥŔʋŔȍ
- bơȟʠɭŹŔʂǬ࡫ŔɽơʋŔŹʠȍʠȟʠȥ ȍŔʋơɭŔȍ– ɽʧɢơɭǫȶɭʠȥŔ
ƎɃȥơȟƎơȶȍʠɭ࢏
ˊơɭȍơʂǫɭࡲ
ࠁ࢏þơɭȶʋȶǿơȥǫȇ7‘1ࢎƒȥʋɭŔʠʋơɭǫȥǠŔˊŔʋʋŔȶȍʠɭ࡫ơȇ
ŔȥȶȟŔȍǫȍơɭʽŔɭƎǬɭ࢏ࢎ¡ˊơȍȶȟơȥǫȥnjȶɽơȍ࡫
ȍʠȟŹȶɽŔȇɭŔȍŔnjơȥơ˖ǫʽɽࡲ࢏
eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơɽȶȍƎŔƎǬɭࡲࢎहࠆ߿࢏

Fʋˊȶȍȶǿǫ
- qơɭơƎǫʋơɭbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭࡪ ȥȥơˊŔƎŔŹŔŹŔƎŔʽŔɭɽŔ
ɭǫɽȇहࠀࠁ
- •ǫnjŔȟơȥʋ•Ŕȇɽǫʋơɽǫࡪ ĵŔɢǬɽŔȍŔȥȥơƎơȥnjơƇơȥ
ɭơȍŔˉǫȥ
- ƒȥʋɭŔʠʋơɭǫȥȟŔȍɢȶ˖ǫɽȶȥࢎȟŔȇŔʋnjơȍǫʂࠅ– ࠀ߿ȇŔʋ
ŔɭʋǬʂ࢏࡫ȶȍǫnjȶǠǫƎɭŔȟȥǫȶɽ
- 1ơʽɭơɽơȍbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭࡪ ‘ʠȥƎŔȇȍŔȟŔ ࢎĔȍȇơȟǫ˖Ǝơơȥ
ɽǬȇ࢏
- ‘Ǭ˖Ƈȶƃʠȇ࡫ǫȍȇƇȶƃʠȇ
- áȍȶnjǫȶɽơljŔȍǫࢎþơȇʋŔɭŔljȍǬƎʧ˖ȍơʂȟơ࢏ ࢎ•ŔȟŹƎȶǫƎ
ɽʠʋʠɭơɭȇơȥȇŔɢŔȥǬɭ࢏
- ¡ơʋŔʋŔɭɽʠɽŔƎƎʠȇʋʠɽ࡫þȶɭʋǫȇȶȍȍǫɽࡲ

7‘1ƒ1ƒ¥‘•ƒ¥ƒ‘%č•eč•è

ĵʧɭʧȟơÄȥƃơɽǫ
- ŹƎʠȇȍɽǫˊȶȥȇǬɽǬʋȍǬȍǬǐǬ ࢎɽơʋŔŹʠȍʠȟŔʋŔȇǬȍǬɭ࢏
- ¶ɭʋȶȍŔȥǫࢎऋ࢏ࡪbơȟʠɭŹŔʂǬȥǬȥŔɽơʋŔŹʠȍʠȟȇơȥŔɭǬȥŔ
ɽʧɭʋȟơɽǫȥơ ŹŔǐȍǬȶȍʠʂŔȥɽơɽʋǫɭࡲ‘ŔȍƇŔʽơƎǫ˖
ljȍơȇɽǫˊȶȥƎŔˊȇơȥ࡫ŔŹƎʠȇɽǫˊȶȥʽơŔƎƎʧȇɽǫˊȶȥ
ǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭǫˊŔɢǬȍǬɭɽŔ‘•ƒ‘ɽơɽǫƎʠˊʠȍʠɭࡲࢎƒȍȇࠂŔˊ࢏
- %Ŕɭȍȶˁࢎऋ࢏ࡪ bơȟʠɭʧɽʋʠƃʠɢȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭŔǫʋǫȍǫɭʽơ
ŹǬɭŔȇǬȍƎǬǐǬȥƎŔŔɽơʋŔŹʠȍʠȟŔnjǫɭơɭࡲ%ʠŹʠȍnjʠ
ʠȥɽʋŔŹǫȍȇŔȍƇŔˊǬnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭࡲࢎǫȍȇࠂŔˊ࢏

83
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áǫȍǫŔɽǫȟơʋɭǫɽǫࢎáơʋơɭ-%ŔƎơŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ࢏ࡪ čˊȍʠȇƎơɭǫ
òȶɭʠ
ɢǫȍȍơɭǫȥƎơŔɽǫȟơʋɭǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
eŔȍơŔ˖˖ǫ-ȍȍǫɽŹʠȍnjʠɽʠࢎ-ơʋʽơȍŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ࢏ࡪ ‘ŔȍƇŔʽơ 7ȶǐʠʂʋŔȥȇŔȍƇŔƇǬȇǬǐǬˊȍŔnjơʋǫɭǫȍơȥࠅŔˊȍǬȇ
Ǝǫ˖ljȍơȇɽǫˊȶȥƎŔˊȇơȥŹǫɭƎǫ˖ŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇŔȍǬɭࡲ ŹơŹơȇʋơǠŔȥnjǫŹʠnjȍʠɽŔɢʋŔȥȟŔ˖ࡳ
áǫɽʋȶȥŔɭŔ˖Ǭࡪ1ǬȇǬȇʋŔɭŔljȇŔȍƇŔljȍơȇɽǫˊȶȥʽơ ࢏áǫȍǫŔɽǫȟơʋɭǫɽǫ
ŔƎƎʧȇɽǫˊȶȥƎŔǫȇơȥljơȟʠɭƎǫ˖ƎơȥȇŔʽɭŔȥŔɭŔȇ %࢏eŔȍơŔ˖˖ǫŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ
ŔʂŔǐǬ-ˊʠȇŔɭǬǫʋǫȍƎǫǐǫȥƎơljơȟʠɭʠȥŔʂŔǐǬʽơˊʠȇŔɭǬ -࢏ŹƎʠȇɽǫˊȶȥȇǬɽǬʋȍǬǐǬ
ǠŔɭơȇơʋơʋʋǫǐǫnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ 7࢏¶ɭʋȶȍŔȥǫŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ
F࢏òǠơȥʋȶȥ¡ơȥŔɭƎǠŔʋʋǬȥǬȥŹȶ˖ʠȍȟŔɽǬ

ĵʧɭʧˊơȥƇȶƃʠȇʋŔࡪ áơȍʽǫɽɃȥơƇǬȇǬȇʋǬɭ࡫ɢơɭǫȥơŔȍ
ŹɃȍnjơnjơȥǫʂȍơɭʽơȍʠȟŹŔʋȍȶɭƎȶ˖ŔɭʋȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ
þɭŔƎơȍơȥŹʠɭnjŔɭŔ˖Ǭࡪ1ǬȇǬȇʋŔɭŔljʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơƎʠɭŔȥ
ǠŔɽʋŔƎŔ࡫ȇŔȍƇŔɽŔǐȍŔȟʋŔɭŔljƎʧʂơɭ࡫ȶȟʠɭnjŔƇǬȇǬȇ
ʋŔɭŔljŔơǐǫȍǫɭࡲ

òȶɭʠ
ʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍƎȶǐʠȟɽŔȍ
ȇŔȍƇŔƇǬȇǬǐǬǫƇǫȥˊŔȥȍǬʂʋǬɭࡳ
࢏ŹƎʠȇɽǫˊȶȥȇǬɽǬʋȍǬǐǬ
%࢏þɭŔƎơȍơȥŹʠɭnjŹʠȍnjʠɽʠ
-࢏¶ɭʋȶȍȶȥǫɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljȍǫǐǫ
7࢏eŔȍơŔ˖˖ǫŔȍȍǫɽŹʠȍnjʠɽʠ
F࢏%Ŕɭȍȶˁɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljȍǫǐǫ

òȶɭʠ
7ȶǐʠʂʋŔȥȇŔȍƇŔƇǬȇǬǐǬȶȍƎʠǐʠƎʧʂʧȥʧȍơȥࠁŔˊȍǬȇ
ŹơŹơȇʋơ ŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫljǫ˖ǫȇȟʠŔˊơȥơ ŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬȥǬȥ
ȶȍȟŔɽǬǠŔȥnjǫɽǫŹơȇȍơȥȟơ˖ࡳ
࢏čˊȍʠȇʋŔƎơɭǫȇǬʽɭǬȟȍŔɭǬȥǬȥơʂǫʋȶȍȟŔȟŔɽǬ
%࢏þɭŔƎơȍơȥŹʠɭnjŹʠȍnjʠɽʠ
-࢏%Ŕɭȍȶˁʋơɽʋǫ
7࢏¶ɭʋŔȍȶȥǫʋơɽʋǫ
F࢏‘ŔȍƇŔŔŹƎʠȇɽǫˊȶȥʠȥȇǬɽǬʋȍǬȶȍȟŔɽǬ

84
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

þŔȥǬ

ࠅŔˊƎŔȥȇʧƇʧȇŹơŹơȇȍơɭƎơ४‘ŔȍƇŔčòe
čòeࢫƎơnjɭŔljˊɃȥʋơȟǫ ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲȍljŔŔƇǬɽǬࠅ߿
Ǝơɭơƃơȥǫȥʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơǫɽơȥȶɭȟŔȍƎǫɭࡲ
ࠅŔˊƎŔȥŹʧˊʧȇƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔ४‘ŔȍƇŔeɭŔljǫɽǫ

èŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫȇþŔȥǬ
- qǫȍnjơȥɭơǫȥơɭƇǫ˖njǫɽǫ áơȍʽǫɢơƎŔȍŔȍƇǬ
- áơɭȇǫȥnjƇǫ˖njǫɽǫ

èŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫȇ%ʠȍnjʠȍŔɭ
- %ʠǫȇǫƇǫ˖njǫȇŔȍƇŔ
ơȇȍơȟǫȥǫࠃȇŔƎɭŔȥŔ
ŹɃȍơɭࡲ¥ȶɭȟŔȍƎơ
ljơȟʠɭ ơɢǫljǫ˖ǫǫƇ
ȇŔƎɭŔȥƎŔƎǬɭࡲFǐơɭƎǬʂȇŔƎɭŔȥƎŔǫɽơ7‘1
- ɽơʋŔŹʠȍŔɭŔƇǬ(30 dereceden fazla) ise DKÇ
- ĪȶȥèȶɽơȥŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ
- òǠơȥʋȶȥ-¡ơȥŔɭƎǠŔʋʋǬŹȶ˖ʠȇɽŔ%‘1ࢎơȥǠŔɽɽŔɽ࢏

þơƎŔʽǫ

- 0-ࠅŔˊŔɭŔɽǬ ȇŔȍƇŔȥǬȥŔŹƎʧȇȍɽǫˊȶȥʠʽơɢŔȍʽǫȇ
ŹŔȥƎŔǿǬ
- ࠅ-ࠀࠇŔˊ ȇŔɢŔȍǬɭơƎʧȇɽǫˊȶȥ ʽơɢơȍʽǫɢơƎŔȍŔȍƇǬ
- qǫɢơɭŔŹƎʠȇɽǫˊȶȥŔȍƇǬɽǬȥǬȥơȥɃȥơȟȍǫ
ȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠljơȟʠɭŹŔʂǬŔɽơɢʋǫȇȥơȇɭȶ˖Ǝʠɭࡲ
- ࠀࠇŔˊƎŔȥɽȶȥɭŔ ɢơȍʽǫȇȶɽʋơȶʋȶȟǫ
- ࠃˊŔʂǬȥƎŔ ljơȟʠɭȇǬɽǬʋȍŔȟŔʽơȶɽʋơȶʋȶȟǫ

85
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

- ‘ơȟǫȇʽơȇơȟǫȇǫȍǫǐǫȥǫȥȟǫȇɭȶȶɭnjŔȥǫ˖ȟŔ
ʋŔɭŔljǬȥƎŔȥʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠƎʠɭࡲ
- qơȟŔʋȶǿơȥˊŔƎŔƎǫɭơȇʋǫȥȶȇʠȍŔɽˊȶȥࢎƇǬȇȇǬɭǬȇ࡫
ȶɭʋȶɢơƎǫȇȶɢơɭŔɽˊȶȥ࢏ǫȍơŹʠȍŔʂǬɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇǫȍȇƎơȇŔʋʋŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇʠ˖ʠȥȇơȟǫȇȍơɭǫȥȟơʋŔljǫ˖ǫȥƎơࢇƟɧǨɻȄǨȢȊƟɧƌƟ
vertebralarda)

Fʋȇơȥȍơɭ
- eơȥơȍȶȍŔɭŔȇơȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥòࡲʠɭơʠɽ
- ¶ɭŔȇǠʧƃɭơȍǫŔȥơȟǫɽǫơȥɽǬȇ¥ȶȥ-ʋǫljȶɽŔȍȟȶȥơȍȍŔ
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- ĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥƎŔࡪòࡲŔʠɭơʠɽ࡫Fࡲƃȶȍǫ࡫njɭʠŹʠŹơʋŔ
Ǡơȟȶȍʋǫȍǫȇɽʋɭơɢʋȶȇȶȇ
- ʂǬȍŔȥȟŔȟǬʂࠂŔˊ– ࠂŔˊŔɭŔɽǬࡪòࡲŔʠɭơʠɽ࡫qࡲ
ƒȥljȍʠơȥ˖Ŕ
- zࡲĪࡲǫȍŔƇȇʠȍȍŔȥŔȥȍŔɭƎŔáɽơʠƎȶȟȶȥŔɽ
- qzĪࢫȍǫȍơɭƎơɢȥɃȟȶȇȶȇȍŔɭ
- ¡ŔȥʋŔɭȍŔɭƎŔȥ-ࡲȍŹǫƃŔȥɽ
¶òþF¶¡ĵF•ƒþࢎ¶¡࢏
- ĪǫɭʧɽȍơɭƎơȥá¶Ĵʽǫɭʧɽ
- áŔɭŔ˖ǫʋȍơɭƎơȥqǫƎŔʋǫȇ‘ǫɽʋ

Ä˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơࠁˊŔʂǬȥƎŔȥȇʧƇʧȇƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔɽơɢʋǫȥ
ŔɭʋɭǫʋơǫȍơɭȍơˊơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

èǫɽȇȍǫȍȶȇŔȍǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ
- áɭȶȇɽǫȟŔȍǠʠȟơɭʠɽ
- bơȟʠɭ
- èŔƎǫʠɽ
- 7ǫɽʋŔȍʋǫŹǫŔ

¶ɽʋơȶȟˊơȍǫʋࠅǠŔljʋŔˊŔȇŔƎŔɭŔȇʠʋ࡫ࠅǠŔljʋŔƎŔȥ-3
ŔˊȇŔƎŔɭɽʠŹŔȇʠʋ࡫ࠂŔˊƎŔȥʠ˖ʠȥɽŔȇɭȶȥǫȇ
ȶɽʋơȶȟˊơȍǫʋƎơȥǫɭࡲ

‘čþ¶¡

- ¡ǫȇɭȶȶɭnjŔȥǫ˖ȟŔʽǫɭʧȍŔȥɽǬˊʧȇɽơȇʋǫɭࡲ
- òơɢɽǫɽ࡫ˊʧȇɽơȍơȥŔʋơʂ࡫ȍȶȇŔȍǫ˖ǫơŔǐɭǬ࡫ʂǫʂȍǫȇ࡫
ǠŔɭơȇơʋȇǬɽǬʋȍǬȍǬǐǬƎǬɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇljơȟʠɭŔȍʋʽơʋǫŹǫŔʧɽʋʠƇȟơʋŔljǫ˖ǫȥƎơ
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- ƒȍȇࠄnjʧȥƎơɭŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫȇŹʠȍnjʠˊȶȇࡲþŔȥǬòǫȥʋǫnjɭŔljǫ
ǫȍơࢎþ-ࠈࠈ࢏
- ƒȍȇɭŔƎˊȶȍȶࡲŹʠȍnjʠ˃ʙȜʙɻŔȄƌȲȄʙɻǨɻȊǨǍǨࢇࠇ-7) gün
- òȶȥɭŔȶɽʋơȶȍǫʋǫȇƎơǐǫʂȍǫȇȍǫȇȍơɭࢎࠆ-ࠀ߿njʧȥ࢏
- òȶȥɭŔɢơɭǫȶɽʋɭơŔȇɽǫˊȶȥʠࢎࠀࠃ-ࠁࠀnjʧȥ࢏
¶¡ƇȶƃʠȇʋŔFˁǫȥnjɽŔɭƃȶȟŔǫȍơȇŔɭǬʂǬɭࡲ

86

-ơɭɭŔǠǫʋơƎŔʽǫ ơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
ࠀࡲȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇȍơɭơƃơʽŔɢˊȶȇɽŔ
ࠁࡲĵʠȟʠʂŔȇƎȶȇʠŔŹɽơɽǫʽŔɭɽŔ
ࠂࡲFʂȍǫȇơƎơȥɽơɢʋǫȇŔɭʋɭǫʋʽŔɭɽŔ
ࠃࡲòơȇơɽʋɭơȇơȟǫȇƎȶȇʠɽʠʽŔɭɽŔ
áŔɢɭǫȇŔˊɃȥʋơȟǫࡪ ¶¡ࢫƎơƎơɭǫȥƎơŹɭǫƎȟŔȥˊɃȥʋơȟǫ
‘趥ƒ‘¶¡
- ƒȥʽȶȍʠȇɭʠȟࢇ˃ƟȢǨȄƟȜǨȄ˃ŔɝǩȜǩȾȊʠȄƟȜǨǍǨŸǨɧˏŔɧ
gibi sarar.)
- òơȇơɽʋɭŔɽˊȶȥࢎȥơȇɭȶʋǫȇȇơȟǫȇɢŔɭƇŔȍŔɭǬ࢏
- ‘ơȟǫȇǫƇǫȥƎơơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȇŔʽǫʋơɽǫ࡫ơʋɭŔljǬɽȇȍơɭȶʋǫȇ
ȇơȟǫȇȍơɽŔɭǬȍǬƎǬɭࡲ ࢎ%ɭȶƎǫơŔŹɽơɽǫ࢏
- č˖ʠȥʋʠŹʠȍơɭȇơȟǫȇƎǫŔljǫ˖ǫȥƎơɽȇȍơɭȶ˖ʽơ
ȟơƎʠȍȍơɭȇŔȥŔȍƎŔȇŔɢŔȥȟŔࢎeŔɭɭơࢫȥǫȥɽȇȍơɭȶ˖Ŕȥ
¶¡࢏
- þ7Īࡪ -ơɭɭŔǠǫࢎɽơȇơɽʋɭơȇɽǫ˖ˊȶȥʠ࢏ʽơ%
87
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
¶¡‘ȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
- òơɢʋǫȇŔɭʋɭǫʋ ࢎơȥɽǬȇljơȟʠɭȶɽʋơȶȟˊơȍǫʋǫ࢏
- FȥljơȇʋơȇơȟǫȇʋơɽŔɭȇȶȟ ࢎȶɽʋơȶɽŔɭȇȶȟʽơ
ȟŔȍǫnjȥljǫŹɭȶ˖Ǡǫɽʋǫȶɽǫʋȶȟ࢏
- òǫȥʧɽʋɭŔȇʋǬȥƎŔˊŔɽɽǬơɢǫʋơȍǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟ
- òơɢɽǫɽ࡫ŹŔȇʋơɭǫˊơȟǫ࡫ơȥƎȶȇŔɭƎǫʋ
- %ʧˊʧȟơƎơȇǬɽŔȍǬȇ࡫Ǝơljȶɭȟǫʋơ࡫ɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȇljɭŔȇʋʧɭ
- èơŔȇʋǫljŔȟǫȍȶǫƎȶ˖
‘ơȟǫȇþʧŹơɭȇʧȍȶ˖ʠ
- FȥɽǬȇ-ʋŹƃࢫˊơɽơȇȶȥƎơɭnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
- FʋȇơȥơȥɽǬȇ¡ˊƃȶŹŔƃʋơɭǫʠȟʋŹƃࡲ
- qơȟŔʋȶǿơȥˊȶȍȍŔơȥɽǬȇʽơɭʋơŹɭŔȍŔɭʋʠʋʠȍʠɭࡲ
- áŔȥȥʠɽࢎɽǫȥȶʽˊʠȟƎŔnjɭŔȥʧȍŔɽˊȶȥ࢏࡫ơȇȍơȟƎơʽơ
ɽʠŹȇȶȥƎɭŔȍȇơȟǫȇʋơǠŔɭŔŹǫˊơʋ
- òȶǐʠȇŔŹɽơࢎŔŹɽơʽŔɭŔȟŔŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬˊȶȇ࢏
áȶʋʋqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬࢎĪơɭʋơŹɭŔþ%-– ¡ŔȍȍƎơáȶʋʋ࢏
- FȥɽǬȇʋȶɭŔȇŔȍʽơʧɽʋȍȶȟȟŹơɭʽơɭʋŔŹɭŔ
- ÄȥƃơʽơɭʋơŹɭŔŔȥʋơɭǫȶɭȇȶɭɢʠɽʠȥʠʋʠʋŔɭࡲ
- ȥʋơɭǫȶɭȇŔȟŔȍŔʂȟŔࢎeǫŹŹʠɽ࢏
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

þ%-áŔɭŔɢȍơǿǫɽǫ
- FɽǬȇʋȶɭŔȇŔȍʽơɭʋơŹɭŔ ʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠȥƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲࢎáȶʋʋ
ɢŔɭŔɢȍơǿǫɽǫ࢏

qơȟǫɢŔɭơ˖ǫ࡫ɢȍơǿǫࡪ %ǫɭʋŔɭŔljʋŔȇǫȇȶȍʽơŹŔƃŔȇʋŔȇǫ
ȇʠʽʽơʋȇŔˊŹǬƎǬɭࡲ‘ʠʽʽơʋȇŔˊŹǬŔǐǬɭɽŔɢȍơǿǫ࡫ǠŔljǫljɽơ
ɢŔɭơ˖ǫȶȍŔɭŔȇŔƎȍŔȥƎǬɭǬȍǬɭࡲ

¡ȶȥȶɢŔɭơ˖ǫ࡫ɢȍơǿǫࡪ‘ȶȍʽơˊŔŹŔƃŔȇʋŔȇǫʋơȇʋŔɭŔljȍǬ
ȇʠʽʽơʋȇŔˊŹǬ

áŔɭŔɢŔɭơ˖ǫ࡫ɢɭơǿǫࡪqơɭ ǫȇǫŹŔƃŔȇʋŔȇʠʽʽơʋŔ˖ȍǬǐǬࡲ

‘ʠŔƎɭǫɢŔɭơ˖ǫ࡫ɢɭơǿǫࡪ ƒȇǫʋŔɭŔljȍǬȇȶȍʽơŹŔƃŔȇȍŔɭǬ
ǫȍnjǫȍơȥƎǫɭơȥȇʠʽʽơʋŔ˖ȍǬǐǬ

‘ȍǫȥǫȇ
ࡧʋơʂ ࡧqŔȍɽǫ˖ȍǫȇ
ࡧFȇȍơȟƎơǐɭǬ ࡧFȇȍơȟƎơʂǫʂȍǫȇ
ࡧFȇȍơȟƎơǬɽǬŔɭʋǬʂǬ ࡧFȇȍơȟƎơǠŔɭơȇơʋȇǬɽǬʋȍǬǐǬ

áŔʋȶȍȶǿǫ
- %ŔȇʋơɭǫɽˊȥȶʽǫŔȍȟơȟŹɭŔȥŔˊơɭȍơʂǫɢŔȇʠʋɽǫȥȶʽǫʋ
ȶȍʠʂʋʠɭʠɭࡲ
- òǫȥȶʽǫˊŔȍɽǬʽǬŹʠȍŔȥǬȇ࡫njɭǫʽơˊơʂǫȍǫȟɽǫɭơȥȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ
- •ǫ˖ȶ˖ȶȟŔȍơȥ˖ǫȟȍơɭȇǬȇǬɭƎŔǐǬɢŔɭƇŔȍŔɭࡲ
- òŔŔʋȍơɭǫƇǫȥƎơȥơȇɭȶ˖njɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

þŔȥǬ
þŔȥǬ
- ɽɢǫɭơơƎǫȍơȥȟŔˊǫࠄ߿ࡲ߿߿߿ࡸȟȟࠂࢫƎơȥƎŔǠŔljŔ˖ȍŔ
èŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇ ȍɃȇȶɽǫʋǫƇơɭǫɭɽơƎʠɭʠȟʠȥɽơɢʋǫȇȶȍƎʠǐʠƎʧʂȥʧȍʧɭࡲ
- eǫŹŹʠɽ %ʠȥȍŔɭǬȥहࠆࠄࢫǫȥɃʋɭȶljǫȍƎǫɭࡲࢎþ%-ࢫƎơहࠂ߿- हࠃ߿࢏
- ‘ơȟǫȇƎŔȥɽǫʋơɽǫȥƎơŔ˖ŔȍȟŔ - èŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭȇŔơɭȇơȥƎɃȥơȟƎơơȇȍơȟ
- FȇȍơȟŔɭŔȍǬǐǬȥƎŔƎŔɭŔȍȟŔ ŔɭŔȍǬǐǬȥƎŔnjơȥǫʂȍơȟơ ࢇʄƟȄŸʙȊNJʙ࢈
- 7ʠŹȇȶȥƎɭŔȍȇơȟǫȇǠŔɭŔŹǫˊơʋǫ - ƒȍơɭǫƎɃȥơȟƎơƇǬȇǬȇ࡫Ƈơʽɭơȇơȟǫȇʋơȶɽʋơȶɢȶɭȶ˖࡫
- òȶǐʠȇŔŹɽơ ɢơɭǫȶɽʋɭơŔȇɽǫˊȶȥʠ

þƎʽࡪȥʋǫþ%-ǫȍŔƇȍŔɭ࡫ƎɭơȥŔǿʽơƃơɭɭŔǠǫ ࢇŔȢʄƟɧǨȲɧʶƟ þơƎŔʽǫ

ɝȲɷʄƟɧǨȲɧLJʠˏ˃ȲȢ࢈
ࠀࡲƒȍȇࠇɽŔŔʋʋơƎơŹɭǫʋȟŔȥ ȥơȇɭȶ˖ʠnjơɭǫ
òɢǫȥŔʽơȥʋȶ˖Ŕࡪ áŔɭȟŔȇȇơȟǫȇȍơɭǫȥǫȥþ%-ࢫɽǫ ƎɃȥƎʧɭơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧòơɢʋǫȇɭʋɭǫʋ ࠁࡲࠄ߿ࡲ߿߿߿ࡸȟȟࠂࢫƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔȍɃȇȶɽǫʋǫƇơɭǫɭɽơŔƃǫȍ
ƃơɭɭŔǠǫ
ࠂࡲȥʋǫŹǫˊȶʋǫȇ
‘čþòFáþƒ‘èþèƒþࢎáˊȶǿơȥǫǿȇɭʋɭǫʋ࢏

- FȥɽǬȇŹơŹơȇȍơɭƎơʽơƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ eȶȥȶȇȶȇɭʋɭǫʋǫ
- FȥɽǬȇȇŔȍƇŔʽơƎǫ˖ơȇȍơȟǫȥƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ - eȶȥȶȇȶȇŔɭʋɭǫʋǫŔȇʠʋnjȶȥȶȇȶȇȇŔȍʧɭơʋɭǫʋǫʋŔȇǫŹơȥ
- FȥɽǬȇơʋȇơȥòࡲŔʠɭơʠɽ njơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
- áɭȶʋơ˖ǫȶȍŔȥȍŔɭƎŔòࡲơɢǫƎơɭȟǫƎǫɽ - ɭʋɭǫʋơȥɽǬȇƎǫ˖࡫ơȍŹǫȍơǐǫʽơŔˊŔȇŹǫȍơȇȍơɭǫȥǫ
- -ǫȥɽơȍŔȇʋǫljƇŔǐƎŔòࡲŔʠɭơǫɽ࡫¥ࡲnjȶȥȶɭơ ʋʠʋŔɭࡲ
ࡤFɭǫʂȇǫȥƎơ7¡࡫è࡫òʋɭơȶǫƎ࡫Ŕȍȇȶȍǫ˖ȟƎʠɭʠȟƎŔ - áȶȍǫŔɭʋɭǫʋʂơȇȍǫȥƎơŹŔʂȍŔɭࡲ¡ȶȥȶŔɭʋɭǫʋʂơȇȍǫȥƎơ
ǫȍơɭȍơɭࡲ

88

ࡧáŔnjơʋqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬࢎȶɽʋơǫʋǫɽƎơljȶɭȟŔȥɽ࢏
áeFþqòþ•zhzࢎ¶ɽʋơǫʋǫɽ7ơljȶɭȟŔȥɽ࢏
- ĵŔʽŔʂʽǫɭʧɽơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬʋŔɭŔljǬȥƎŔȥ
ʋơʋǫȇȍơȥƎǫǐǫƎʧʂʧȥʧȍơȥŔȥȶɭȟŔȍȇơȟǫȇˊŔɢǬȟǬ-
ˊǬȇǬȟǬǫȍơnjǫƎơȥŹǫɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
- ¶ɽʋơȶȍǫʋǫȇ– ¶ɽʋơȶɽȇȍơɭȶʋǫȇơʽɭơȍơɭǫʽŔɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇʽơɭʋơŹɭŔ࡫ljơȟʠɭ࡫ɢơȍʽǫɽ࡫ȇŔljŔʋŔɽǬ࡫ʋǫŹǫŔˊǬ
ʋʠʋŔɭࡲ
¶òþF¶á¶è¶òƒò-ƒè-č¡ò-èƒ%þ
ࡧ¡ȶ˖ŔǫȇɢŔʋʋơɭȥɢŔʋŔnjȥȶȟȶȥǫȇ
ࡧࠄ߿ˊŔʂʧɽʋʧơɭȇơȇ
ࡧòʠƇȍŔȥŔȥʽǫɭʧɽɢŔɭŔȟˊƃɽȶʽǫɭʧɽ
ࡧ¡ȶȥȶɽʋŔʋǫȇơȥɽǬȇʋǫŹǫŔˊǬ
ࡧòǬȇȍǬȇȍŔȟʠȍʋǫljȶȇŔȍƎǫɭ ࢎɢȶȍˊȶɽʋŔʋǫȇơȥɽǬȇ
ʽơɭʋơŹɭŔˊǬ࢏
ࡧĪơɭʋơŹɭŔ࡫ȇŔljŔ࡫ɢơȍʽǫɽʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠ
89
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
ࡧȍɢˊʧȇɽơȍǫɭࢎȶɽʋơȶŹȍŔɽʋǫȇŔȇʋǫʽǫʋơˊǫnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭࡲ࢏
ࡧ%ŔʂŹʧˊʧȟơɽǫࢎȍơȶȥʋǫŔɽǫɽȶɽɽơŔ࢏
ࡧeɃɭȟơŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ࡫ɽŔǐǬɭȍǬȇࢎ‘1ŹŔɽǬɽǬ࢏
ࡧqǫɢơɭʽŔɽȇʧȍŔɭǫ˖ơȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭࢎˊʧȇɽơȇƎơŹǫȍǫȇŔȍɢ
ˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫ࢏
• OɽʋơȶɽŔɭȇȶȟ
‘zèz‘ĪF1z‘z‘•è
‘ǬɭǬȇǫˊǫȍơʂȟơɽǫȥƎơࠂƎɃȥơȟʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ࠀࡲƒȥljȍŔȟŔʋʠŔɭƎɃȥơȟࢎ߿-ࠂǠŔljʋŔ࢏ࡪ‘ǬɭǬȇ
ǠơȟŔʋȶȟȟʠȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
ࠁࡲþŔȟǫɭƎɃȥơȟǫࢎࠂǠŔljʋŔ– ࠀˊǬȍ࢏ࡪ‘Ŕȍȍʠɽȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
ࠂࡲèơȟȶƎơȍǫȥnjࢎȶɭʋŔȍŔȟŔࠆˊǬȍ࢏
ĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥȍŔɭƎŔơȥɽǬȇƎȶǐʠȟʋɭŔʽȟŔɽǬȥŔŹŔǐȍǬ
ȇȍŔʽǫȇʠȍŔ࡫ljơȟʠɭƃǫɽǫȟȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬʽơǠʠȟơɭʠɽ
ȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ƒˊǫȍơʂȟơƎơơȥɃȥơȟȍǫɽǫȍȶȇŔȍljŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭƎǫɭ
- 1ơʽɭơȍơˊơȥˊʠȟʠʂŔȇƎȶȇʠȥʠȥȇŔȥȍŔȥȟŔɽǬ
- FȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ࡫ǫȟȟȶŹǫȍǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥ
- ĵơʋơɭɽǫ˖ljǫȇŔɽˊȶȥ
- ‘ŔˊǬɢƎơɭơƃơɽǫ࡫ŔʽŔɽȇʧȍơɭȥơȇɭȶ˖njơȍǫʂǫȟǫ࡫
ȟŔȍǫnjȥơȥɽǫʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ
- ƒȥʋơɭɢȶ˖ǫɽˊȶȥࢎ‘ơȟǫȇʠƇȍŔɭǬŔɭŔɽǬȥŔˊʠȟࡲ7ȶȇʠ
njǫɭȟơɽǫ࢏
- ƒȥʋɭŔŔɭʋǫȇʧȍơɭȇǬɭǬȇʋŔȇǬɭǬȇŹɃȍnjơɽǫȥơɽǫȥȶʽˊŔȍɽǬʽǬ
ŔȇǬȟǬȶȍʠȟɽʠ˖ơʋȇǫȍơɭࡲ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

‘ǬɭǬȇþơƎŔʽǫɽǫ
- ƃǫȍơȥǫȟȶŹǫȍǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥˊŔɢǬȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ‘ŔɢŔȍǬȇǬɭǬǐǬȥ
ŔƇǬȇȇǬɭǬȇǠŔȍǫȥơƎɃȥȟơɽǫʽơˊŔǐơȟŹȶȍǫɽǫɽơȥƎࡲ
Fȥnjơȍȍơȥǫɭࡲ
- ‘ơɽǫȥʋơƎŔʽǫɭơƎʧȇɽǫˊȶȥ– ljǫȇɽŔɽˊȶȥ
- êɝǨɧŔȊʶƟȲŸȊǨȄȄǩɧǩȄȊŔɧƌŔLJɧŔNJȜŔȢȊŔɧǩȢƟǍɧǨʶƟ
NJƟȢǨɻȲȊȜŔɷǩǨ˃ǨȊƟɻȜƟ˃Ɵ˃ŔɧƌǩȜƟƌƟɧࡲ
Fɭȇơȥȇȶȟɢ
ࡧĵŔǐơȟŹȶȍǫɽǫ– njŔ˖ȍǬnjŔȥnjɭơȥ– ʋơʋŔȥȶɽ–
ǠơȟȶɭŔǿǫȇʂȶȇ
ࡧ¶ɽʋơȶȟˊơȍǫʋ
ࡧ‘ȶȟɢŔɭʋȟŔȥòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
ࡧ7ŔȟŔɭɽǫȥǫɭˊŔɭŔȍŔȥȟŔȍŔɭǬ
ࡧáȶɽʋʋɭŔʽȟŔʋǫȇɭơljȍơȇɽƎǫɽʋɭȶljǫࢎòʠƎơƃȇŔʋɭȶljǫɽǫ࢏
ĵŔǐFȟŹȶȍǫɽǫ
č˖ʠȥȇơȟǫȇȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬʽơȟŔǿɃɭʋɭŔʽȟŔƎŔȥɽȶȥɭŔ
ȇŔȥȇŔˊŔǐơȟŹȶȍǫȍơɭǫȥǫȥŹʠȍʠȥȟŔɽǬࢎࠁࠃ– ࠆࠁɽŔŔʋ࢏
¡Ŕǿȶɭ%ʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬ
ࡧèơɽɢǫɭŔʋʠŔɭˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫȇࢎáŔ¶ࠁऒࠅ߿࡫ɢŔ-¶ࠁऑࠄࠄ࢏
ࡧòơɭơŹɭŔȍʋʠʋʠȍʠȟࡪáơʋơʂǫŔȍȇŔȥŔȟŔȍŔɭ࡫ɭơʋǫȥŔȍ
ŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭ
¡ǫȥȶɭŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭ
ࡧʋơʂࢎࠂࠈ-ࠃ߿࢏࡫ʋŔʂǫȇŔɭƎǫ࡫‘-ˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫ࡫ȶȍǫnjʧɭǫ࡫
Ŕȥʧɭǫ࡫Ŕȥơȟǫ࡫ʋɭŔȟŹȶɽǫʋȶɢơȥǫ࡫ȍɃȇȶɽǫʋȶ˖
þŔȥǬࡪĵŔǐnjȍȶŹʧȍǫȥȍơɭǫऋࠀȟŔǿȶɭऋࠃȟǫȥɃɭ
FȥɃȥơȟȍǫɃȥȍơȟȇǬɭǬǐǬȥơȥơɭȇơȥƎɃȥơȟƎơ
ǫȟŹȶȍǫ˖ơơƎǫȍȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ

eŔ˖ȍǬeŔȥnjɭơȥ
ࡧ-ࡲɢɭljɭǫȥnjơȥɽ࡫ ȥȶʽˊ࡫ɽơɢʋǫƃʠȟ
ࡧqǫɢȶʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ࡫ʋŔʂǫȇŔɭƎǫ࡫Ŕȥʧɭǫ࡫Ǡơȟȶȍǫ˖࡫‘Ī
ȇȶȍŔɢɽ࡫Ƀȍʧȟ
þơƎŔʽǫࡪ7ơŹɭǫƎȟŔȥ࡫zĪŔŹˊࡲŔȥʋǫʋȶȇɽǫȥ࡫ȇŔȥʋɭŔȥɽ࡫
Ǡǫɢơɭ¶ࠁ

‘ȶȟɢŔɭʋȟŔȥòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
- þɭŔʽȟŔ࡫ʋʧȟɃɭ࡫ˊŔȥǬȇ࡫ˊǬȍŔȥɽȶȇȟŔɽǬ࡫
ŔȥǿǫȶȥɃɭȶʋǫȇɃƎơȟ
- ‘ȶȟɢŔɭʋȟŔȥǫƇǫŹŔɽǬऑࠂ߿४ʽơȥɃ˖ȇȶȥǿơɽˊȶȥ¡e
- ɭʋơɭǫȶȍŔɭɽɢŔ˖ȟ४ǫȍȇŹơȍǫɭʋǫʂǫƎƎơʋȍǫŔǐɭǬࢎŹŔƃŔȇ
ʽơɃȥȇȶȍ࢏
- FɭȇơȥƎɃȥơȟƎơȥŔŹǬ˖ŔȍǬȥŔŹǫȍǫɭ࡫ǫȍơɭǫƎɃȥơȟƎơࠄ
áŹʠȍnjʠ¡e
- ǫȍȇࠁࠃɽŔŔʋʋơɽǫɭȇʧȍơɭŔȍƇǬȟʠʋȍŔȇŔȇȶȥʋɭȶȍ
ơƎǫȍȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫƎơljŔɽǫȶʋȶȟǫˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ
eơƇ‘ȶȟɢ ĪȶȍȇȟŔȥȥƒɽȇơȟǫȇ‘ȶȥʋɭŔȇʋʧɭʧ
ࡧ‘ŔˊȥŔȟŔȟŔ ࢎơȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥǫˊơʋơɭɽǫ˖ɭơƎʧȇɽǫˊȶȥ- - ÄȥȇȶȍʠȥȇȶȟɢŔɭʋȟŔȥɽơȥƎࡲ
ȥȶȥʠȥǫȶȥ࢏ - eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơऒࠀ߿ĵ
ࡧ‘ʠɽʠɭȍʠȇŔˊȥȟŔ– ŹʧˊʧȟơȇʠɽʠɭȍŔɭǬ - ‘ȶȟɢȶɭʋȟŔȥǫƇǫȥƎơŹŔɽǬȥƇࠂ߿ȟȟqnjࢫˊǫnjơƇơɭɽơ
ࡧʽŔɽȇʧȍơɭȥơȇɭȶ˖– ¶ɽʋơȶŔɭʋɭȶ˖ ʽơȥɃ˖ȇȶȥǿơɽˊȶȥȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ˊȶ˖ǫʋǫɽȶɽɽǫljǫȇŔȥɽ - òʠɢɭŔȇȶȥƎǫȍơɭǠʠȟơɭʠɽȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬȥƎŔࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇˊŔɭŔȍŔȥŔȥƎŔȟŔɭࡲŹɭŔƃǠǫŔȍǫɽ
1ȶȇǠǬ˖ȍǬȇǬɭǬȇɽʋŔŹǫȍǫ˖ơơƎǫȍȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ

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‘ȍǫȥǫȇ
- þɭŔʽȟŔƎŔȥŹǫɭȇŔƇɽŔŔʋɽȶȥɭŔɃȥȇȶȍƎŔƎơɭǫȥ
ʂǫƎƎơʋȍǫŔǐɭǬˊȍŔŹŔʂȍŔɭࡲ
- PŔǫȥࢎŔǐɭǬ࢏࡫PʠȍɽơȍơɽɽȥơɽɽࢎȥŔŹǬ˖ɽǬ˖ȍǬȇ࢏࡫PŔȍȍȶɭ
ࢎɽȶȍʠȇȍʠȇ࢏࡫PŔɭŔɽʋơ˖ǫ࡫PŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫ
- ‘ȶȥʋɭŔȇʋʧɭƎɃȥơȟǫȥƎơɢơȥƇơơȍ ȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
¶ɭʋȶɢơƎǫȇŔƃǫȍƎǫɭࡲƃǫȍljȶɽǫȶʋȶȟǫˊŔɢǬȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
òʠƎơƃȇʋɭȶljǫɽǫࢎèơljȍơȇɽòơȟɢŔʋǫȇ7ǫɽʋɭȶljǫ࢏
- þɭŔʽȟŔ࡫ƃơɭɭŔǠǫ࡫ȍȶȇŔȍ ʽơˊŔɽǫɽʋơȟǫȇǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬ
ʋŔȇǫŹơȥʽŔ˖ȶȟȶʋȶɭljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠƎʠɭࡲ
- þɭŔʽȟŔ࡫ɭơljȍơˉˊȶȍȍŔʋơɭȟǫȥŔȍŔɭʋơɭȍơɭƎơƎơʽŔȟȍǬ
ʽŔ˖ȶɽɢŔ˖ȟŔ ȥơƎơȥȶȍʠɭࡲ
- FȍʽơŔˊŔȇʋŔʂǫʂȟơ࡫ǠŔɽɽŔɽǫˊơʋ࡫ɽȶǐʠȇȍʠȇ࡫
ʋơɭȍơȟơ࡫ɽǫˊŔȥȶ˖ǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲqŔɭơȇơʋȇǬɽǬʋȍǬǐǬƎŔǠŔnjơƇ
ȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭࡲ
- èŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫƎơࢧŸƟȢƟȄȊǨȲɷʄƟȲɝȲɧȲˏNJȾɧʠȢʠȜʠࢨ
ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫࡪòơȟɢŔʋǫȇŹȍȶȇ࡫ ɽơȟɢŔʋȶȍǫʋǫȇǫȍŔƇȍŔɭࡲ
%ơȥơȇȍǫ¶ɽʋơȶɢȶɭȶ˖
‘ǬɭǬȇȍŔɭƎŔŔƇǬȇɭơƎʧȇɽǫˊȶȥnjơɭơȇơȥƎʠɭʠȟȍŔɭ
- ƒȥʋɭŔŔɭʋǫȇʧȍơɭȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭ
- ʽŔȍɽǫˊȶȥȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬ
- ¡ʠȍʋǫɢȍȇǬɭǬȇ
- áŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȇȇǬɭǬȇ
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ĪơɭʋơŹɭŔ‘ǬɭǬȇʽơ1ǬȇǬȇȍŔɭǬ
FȥɃȥơȟȍǫȥơƎơȥʋɭŔljǫȇȇŔ˖ŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
òơɭʽǫȇŔȍȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭࡲ
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ȶȍʠʂȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲeơȥơȍƎơȥɃɭȶȍȶǿǫȇȇŔˊǬɢ࡫ŹȶˊʠȥŔǐɭǬɽǬ
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¶ȟʠ˖1ǬȇǬȇȍŔɭǬ
- FȥɽǬȇŔȥʋơɭǫȶɭƇǬȇǬȇȍŔɭnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- ¶ȟʠ˖ȇŔɢɽʧȍʧȥʧȥ ŔȍʋʽơɃȥȇǬɽȟǬ ˊǬɭʋǬȍȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ
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- ȇɭȶȟǫȶȥࢫʠȥ ˊŔɢʋǬǐǬƇǬȇǬȥʋǬɢȶȍơʋ%ơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ ¡ȶȥʋơnjnjǫŔȇǬɭǬȇȍǬƇǬȇǬǐǬࡪ čȍȥŔȇǬɭǬǐǬऋèŔƎǫʠɽŹŔʂǬ
ȶȍŔɭŔȇʋŔɭǫljȍơȥǫɭࡲ ƇǬȇǬǐǬ

FɭȇơȥȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭࡪ áȍơȇɽʠɽŹɭŔȇǫŔȍǫɽ࡫Ŕȇɽǫȍȍơɭ
ɽǫȥǫɭ࡫ŔȇɽǫȍȍơɭŔɭʋơɭˊŔɭŔȍŔȥȟŔɽǬȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

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qʠȟơɭʠɽ‘ǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬ eȍơŔ˖˖ǫȇǬɭǬȇȍǬƇǬȇǬǐǬࡪ
- -ǫɽǫȟȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬȥƎŔ¥ࡲɭŔƎǫŔȍǫɽ˖ơƎơȍơȥơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ èŔƎǫʠɽŔȍʋࠀࡸࠂǫȍơȶɭʋŔ
- 7ǫɽʋŔȍʠƇȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬȥƎŔĭȶȍȇȟŔȥȥǫɽȇơȟǫȇȇȶȥʋࡲ ࠀࡸࠂŹǫɭȍơʂǫȟˊơɭǫȥƎơʋɭŔȥɽʽơɭɽ ȇǬɭǬȇȍŔŹơɭŔŹơɭŔȍʋ
ɭǫɽȇǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ ɭŔƎǫȶʠȍȥŔɭƇǬȇǬȇࡲ

-ȶȍȍơɽ‘ǬɭǬǐǬ
- èŔƎǫʠɽŔȍʋơȇȍơȟˊʧ˖ʧȥƎơȥࠂƃȟˊʠȇŔɭǬˊŔȇŔƎŔɭ ò-áq¶ƒ7‘F¡ƒ‘
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- FȍŹǫȍơǐǫɢŔȍȟŔɭljȍơˉǫˊȶȥƎŔˊȇơȥơȍǫȥɽǬɭʋǬȥŔ ˊơʋơɭɽǫ˖ȶȍƎʠǐʠȥƎŔȥ
Ǝʧʂȟơǫȍơȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ Ŕɽơɢʋǫȇȥơȇɭȶ˖ŔnjǫƎơɭࡲ
- -ȶȍȍơɽȇǬɭǬǐǬȥǬȥʋơɭɽǫŹǫɭȇǬɭǬȇʋǬɭࡲ

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ࠀࡲ¡ơʋŔȇŔɭɢȇŔǫƎơɽǫȥǫȥ ȇǬɭǬǐǬƇǬȇǬǐǬƎǬɭࡲ

7ǫ˖1ǬȇǬǐǬ
- FȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥʋɭŔljǫȇȇŔ˖ŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲࢎƎŔǠŔƇȶȇ
ŔȥʋơɭǫȶɭŔ࢏
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˖ơƎơȍơȥơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
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bơȟʠɭĔɽʋčƇ‘ǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬ
- eơȥơȍƎơऑࠅ߿ˊŔʂȶɽʋơȶɢȶɭȶʋǫȇȇŔƎǬȥȍŔɭƎŔ
njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- bơȟʠɭŹȶˊʠȥȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬȥƎŔ࡫Ŕɽơɢʋǫȇȥơȇɭȶ˖
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- -ơɭɭŔǠǫȶȍŔɭȇŔʋơƎŔʽǫơƎǫȍȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ

bơȟʠɭ-ǫɽǫȟ‘ǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬ
- FȥɃȥơȟȍǫȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠ࡫ˊŔǐơȟŹȶȍǫɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
- þơƎŔʽǫƃơɭɭŔǠǫƎǫɭࡲƒȥʋɭŔȟơƎʧȍȍơɭƇǫʽǫȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ

þǫŹǫŔ-ǫɽǫȟ‘ǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬ
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ƇǬȇȇǬɭǬȇȶȍȟŔǫǠʋǫȟŔȍǫˊʧȇɽơȇʋǫɭࡲ
‘ŔȍƇŔ‘ǬɭǬȇʽơ1ǬȇǬȇȍŔɭǬ

áȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭ1ǬȇǬȇȍŔɭǬ
- FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥʋǫɢʋǫɭࡲ7ŔǠŔƇȶȇƎǫ˖ơ njơȍơȥʋɭŔʽȟŔ
ȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ

- ¶ȟʠ˖ƇǬȇǬǐǬȥƎŔŔˉǫȍȍơɭɽǫȥǫɭʽơŔɭʋơɭ
ˊŔɭŔȍŔȥŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲɢȶȍơʋŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫࢎŔȥʋơɭǫȶɭƇǬȇǬȇʋŔ࢏
- qʠȟȟơɭʠɽƃǫɽǫȟȇǬɭǬǐǬȥƎŔơȥɽǬȇɭŔƎǫŔȍɽǫȥǫɭ
ȥʋơɭǫȶɭ1ǬȇǬȇȍŔɭǬ ˖ơƎơȍơȥǫɭ࡮
- bơȟʠɭŹŔʂǬŔƃơʋŔŹʠȍʠȟɃȥʧȥƎơƎǫɭࡲbơȟȶɭŔȍ - -ȶȍȍơɽȇǬɭǬǐǬȥƎŔȟơƎǫŔȥɽǫȥǫɭ˖ơƎơȍơȥǫɭࡲ
ɽǫȥǫɭʋǠŔɽŔɭȍŔȥŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ - 7ǫ˖ơȥƇȶȇŔȥʋơɭǫȶɭŔƇǬȇŔɭࡲáȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭƇǬȇǬȇȍŔɭƎŔ
ɢȶɢȍǫʋơŔȍŔɭʋơɭ˖ơƎơȍơȥǫɭࡲ

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FȥȶljʋŔȍȟǫࢎnjɃ˖ȇʧɭơɽǫȥǫȥŔɭȇŔˊŔƎȶǐɭʠˊơɭ
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ĪơɭʋǫȇŔȍnjɃ˖ǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭǫȥƎơȇǬɽǬʋȍŔȥȟŔࢎeɃ˖ʧȥ
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áŔȥȥơɭqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬࡪ ‘ŔɢʠʋǠʠȟơɭǫȥǫȥŔʽŔɽȇʠȍơɭ
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ȇǬɭǬȇǠŔʋʋǬȥƎŔŔǐɭǬ࡫ʋɭŔʽȟŔɽǬɭɽǬȥƎŔǫȥʋɭŔŔȍʽơȶȍŔɭ
ɽǫȥǫɭȇơɽǫȍƎǫǫɽơȇǬɭǬǐǬȥƎǫɽʋŔȍǫȥƎơƎǫʂȍơɭƎơʽơ
ȟʠȇȶ˖ŔƎŔǠǫɽɽǫ˖ȍǫȇࢎĪǫȥƃơȥʋŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ࢏ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ

ŁǫnjȶȟŔ‘ǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬ
ƒȥɽɢơȇɽǫˊȶȥƎŔ˖ǫnjȶȟŔʋǫȇŹɃȍnjơƎơơȇǫȟȶ˖ʽơ
ƇɃȇȟơnjɃ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ¶ŔȇȶŔɽˊǬȥƎŔȇɭơɢǫʋŔɽˊȶȥ
ŔȍǬȥŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ĵǫȥơȶɭŹǫʋŔŔȍʋȇơȥŔɭǬȥǬȥŔȍʋȇơȥŔɭǬȥǫƇʋơȥƎǬʂŔ
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Źʠȍʠȥʠɭࡲ
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ƎȶǐɭʠȶˊȥŔʋǬȍǬɭࡲ

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ࡧFȥɽǬȇʽơɭʋơŹɭŔȍŔɭǬʋʠʋŔɭ
ࢎȥǫƎʠɽऋ࢏
ࡧɽɢǫɭǫȥơƃơʽŔɢʽơɭȟơˊơȥ
ŔǐɭǬʋǫɢǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ŔȍǫnjȥʋɭŔȥɽljȶɭȟŔɽˊȶȥʠ
ˊȶȇʋʠɭࡲ

¶ɽʋơȶǫƎ¶ɽʋơȶȟŔ
ࡧǠŔȍȍȟŔɭȇljơŔʋʠɭơ ǫɽȥǫnjǠʋɢŔǫȥ࡫ȶljʋơȥƃŔʠɽǫȥnj
ŔˁŔȇơȥǫȥnjŔȥƎȟŔɭȇơƎɽˊȟɢʋȶȟŔʋǫƃ
ǫȟɢɭȶʽơȟơȥʋˁǫʋǠȥȶȥɽʋơɭȶǫƎŔȍ
ࡧŔȥʋǫ-ǫȥljȍŔȟŔʋȶɭƎɭʠnjɽࡸŔɽɢǫɭǫȥࡲ

ࠁ࢏FȥȇȶȥƎɭȶȟ
ࡧFȍ-ŔˊŔȇȇơȟǫȇȍơɭǫȥƎơ࡫ơȥɽǬȇljŔȍŔȥȇɽ
ࡧ¡ơƎʠȍȍŔɭȇŔʽǫʋơ
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ࠂ࢏‘ȶȥƎɭȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ
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ȶɽʋơȶȇȍŔɽʋȶȟ࢏
ࠆ࢏qơȟŔȥǿǫˊȶȟ
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ࡧFȥɽǬȇþࠃ– •ࠃʽơɭʋơŹɭŔŔɭŔɽǬ
ࡧ%ŔȍɢơʋơǐǫnjɃɭʧȥʧȟʧ

DȢȄȲȢƌɧȲȜ ࠇ࢏eǫŔȥʋ-ơȍȍþʧȟɃɭ
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‘ȶȥƎɭȶȟǫȇɽȶǫƎbǫŹɭȶȟŔ
ࠃ࢏¶ɽʋơȶȟŔ
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ࡧþƒ%ƒ
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ࡧࠄहȟŔȍǫnjȥʋɭŔȥɽljȶɭȟŔɽˊȶȥɭǫɽȇǫ
ŹơɭŔŹơɭnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

%ơȥǫnjȥþʧȟɃɭȍơɭƎơèŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫ
ࠄ࢏¶ɽʋơȶǫƎ¶ɽʋơȶȟŔ
ࡧeơƇǫʂ˖ȶȥʠƎŔɭ
ࡧbơȟʠɭʽơʋǫŹǫŔȟơʋŔljǫ˖ǫȥƎơŔǐɭǬȍǬȍơ˖ˊȶȥ
ࡧ•ơ˖ˊȶȥɽǬȥǬɭȍŔɭǬŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥ
ࡧɽɢǫɭǫȥȍơnjơƇơɭ
ࡧ-ȶƎȟŔȥʧƇnjơȥǫˊȶȇ
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ࡧáơɭǫȶɽʋɭơŔȇɽǫˊȶȥʠ-ɽȶǐŔȥ˖ŔɭǬˊȶȇ
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ࡧeơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơ ࠀƃȟࢫƎơȥ ȇʧƇʧȇࡲ

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‘F¡ƒ‘þĔ¡Äè•F胡•ƒe¥

ࠀ࢏¶ɽʋơȶɽŔɭȇȶȟ
• 10 – ࠂ߿ˊŔʂơɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơƎŔǠŔɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇljơȟʠɭƎǫɽʋŔȍǫ࡫ʋǫŹǫŔɢɭȶˉǫȟŔȍǫ࡫ȟơʋŔljǫ˖Ǝơ
ˊơɭȍơʂǫɭࡲ
ࡧèŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇ-¶7¡¥ʧƇnjơȥǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲࢎþʧȟɃɭ
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ŽȲȢƌɧȲɷŔɧȄȲȜ
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ࡧFȥɽǬȇȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖Ǭ-࡫ơȥɃȥơȟȍǫŹʠȍnjʠŔǐɭǬƎǬɭࡲ
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ࠁ࢏áŔɭȶɽʋơŔȍ¶ɽʋơȶɽŔɭȇȶȟ
ࡧ‘ŔƎǬȥȍŔɭƎŔƎŔǠŔɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍʧɭ
ࡧáɭȶnjȥȶ˖ʠƎŔǠŔǫˊǫƎǫɭࡲ

ࠂ࢏‘ȶȥƎɭȶɽŔɭȇȶȟ
ࡧáɭǫȟơɭˊŔƎŔȶɽʋơȶȇȶȥƎɭȶȟŔɽơȇȶȥƎơɭnjơȍǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭ
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ࡧèŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇɢŔʋȍŔȟǬʂȟǬɽǬɭ࡫ŔʋǬȍȟǬʂɢŔȟʠȇ
ȟŔȥ˖ŔɭŔɽǬ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫƃơɭɭŔǠǫƎǫɭࡲ‘þʽơèþࢫˊơƎǫɭơȥƇȍǫƎǫɭࡲ

ࠃ࢏FˁǫȥnjþʧȟɃɭʧ
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ࠀࡲ¡ơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ȍŔɭ njơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
ࠁࡲ¡ˊơȍȶȟ ࡧࠄ– ࠁࠄˊŔʂɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
ࠂࡲ¶ɽʋơȶɽŔɭȇȶȟ ࡧč˖ʠȥȇơȟǫȇƎǫŔljǫ˖ǫȥƎơǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
ࡧǐɭǬ࡫ʂǫʂȍǫȇ࡫ȇǬ˖ŔɭǬȇȍǬȇȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơȶɽʋơȶȟˊơȍǫʋȍơ
ȇŔɭǬʂǬɭࡲ
ࡧèŔƎˊȶɽơȥɽǫʋǫljʋǫɭࡲ
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ࡧèŔƎˊȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇò¶h¥ŁèzŹơȥ˖ơɭǫȍŔȟơȍȍơɭ
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ࡧFȥɽǬȇȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖-
ࡧ‘ʧƇʧȇȟŔʽǫˊʠʽŔɭȍǬȇǠʧƃɭơȍǫʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭƎơȥƎǫɭࡲ

ࠄ࢏‘ŔɭƎȶȟŔ
• ¥ȶʋȶȇȶɭƎʠȥơȟŹɭǫˊȶȍȶǿǫȇŔɭʋǬȇȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȥnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇɽŔȇɭȶȇȶȇɽǫnjơŔȍŹɃȍnjơƎơࡲ

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êȲǍŔȢˏŔɧǩŸƟȢˏƟɧǨȊŔȜƟȊȊƟɧ ࡧƎŔȟŔȥʋǫȶȥȶȟŔ
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ࡧ¡Ŕȍǫnjȥʋȟ

‘ȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍˊŔȇ7ơljȶɭȟǫʋơȍơɭǫ

-ȍʠŹbȶȶʋ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍŔˊŔȇƎơljȶɭȟǫʋơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍʽơˊŔơƎǫȥɽơȍࡲ
ࠀࡲþʧȟŔˊŔǐǬȥơȇǫȥʠɽʽơʽŔɭʠɽʠ
ࠁࡲƒȥŔˊŔǐǬȥŔƎƎʠȇɽǫˊȶȥʽơǫȥʽơɭɽǫˊȶȥʠ
ࠂࡲþȶɢʠǐʠȥơȇǫȥʠɽ࡫ʽŔɭʠɽʽơǫȥʽơɭɽǫˊȶȥʠ
ࠅ࢏¡ʠȍʋǫɢȍ¡ˊơȍȶȟŔ ࠃࡲþǫŹǫŔȥǬȥǫȥʋơɭȥŔȍɭȶʋŔɽˊȶȥʠ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇɢɭǫȟơɭȟŔȍǫnjȥȇơȟǫȇʋʧȟɃɭʧࢎࠁࡲ
ȶɽʋơȶɽŔɭȇȶȟ࢏
ࡧࠃ߿– ࠅ߿ˊŔʂ
ࡧĪơɭʋơŹɭŔʽơȇȶɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔŔǐɭǬˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
ࡧƒƎɭŔɭƎŔ%ơȥƃơ-ȶȥơɽ ɢɭȶɽơǫȥʧɭǫɽǫࢎȟȶȥȶȇȍȶȥŔȍ
ɽơɭŹơɽʋǠŔljǫlj˖ǫȥƃǫɭȍơɭ࢏

ŁǬȟŹŔƎơȍǫǐǫȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭࡪ •ǫʋǫȇȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭơȥɽǬȇ
ʽơɭʋơŹɭŔʽơȇŔljŔʋŔɽǬȥƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

Fȇǫȥʠɽࡪ ɭȇŔŔˊŔǐǬȥŔˊŔȇŹǫȍơǐǫȥƎơȥɢȍŔȥʋŔɭŔ
Ǝȶǐɭʠljȍơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠࡲ

- þŔȥǬƎŔ‘ƒࢫƎơहࠀ߿ࢫƎŔȥljŔ˖ȍŔɢȍŔ˖ȟŔǠƃࡲǫȍơȇȶȥʠɭࡲ
- ‘ȍǫȥǫȇʋơơȥɽǬȇȇơȟǫȇŔǐɭǬȍŔɭǬʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇȥɃɭȶȍȶǿǫȇȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥ ʽơɭʋơŹɭŔƇɃȇȟơ
ȇǬɭǬǐǬȥŔŹŔǐȍǬɭŔƎǫȇʧȍȶɢŔʋǫࢎơȥɽǬȇʋȶɭŔȇŔȍʽơ
ȍʠȟŹŔɽŔȇɭŔȍ࢏
þơƎŔʽǫࡪ¡ơȍljŔȍŔȥऋáɭơƎȥǫ˖ȶȍŔȥ࡫ɭơȟǫɽˊȶȥƎŔȥ
ɽȶȥɭŔŔ-ǫȥʋơɭljơɭȶȥࡲ

ࠆ࢏¡ơʋŔɽʋŔʋǫȇ‘ơȟǫȇþʧȟɃɭȍơɭǫ
ࡧ‘ŔƎǬȥƎŔơȥɽǬȇȟơȟơƃŔ࡫ơɭȇơȇʋơơȥɽǬȇ ɢɭȶɽʋŔʋ
ƃŔࢫƎŔȥࡲ ĪŔɭʠɽࡪɭȇŔŔˊŔǐǬȥŔƎƎʠȇɽǫˊȶȥʽơǫȥʽơɭɽǫˊȶȥʠ
ࡧऒࠀ࡫ࠄˊŔʂơȥɽǬȇȥɃɭȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ
ࡧ‘ơȟǫǐơȶȍŔȥȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ȍŔɭǬȥƇȶǐʠȶɽʋơȶȍǫʋǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧȥƃŔȇɢɭȶɽʋŔʋʽơŹŔ˖ǬȟơȟơȇŔȥɽơɭȍơɭǫȥǫȥ
ȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ȍŔɭǬȶɽʋơȶŹȍŔɽʋǫȇȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

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ĪŔȍnjʠɽࡪ ɭȇŔŔˊŔǐǬȥŔŹƎʠȇɽǫˊȶȥʽơơʽơɭɽǫˊȶȥʠ

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Dermatoloji

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Fáƒ7F衃ò

- òʋɭࡲ-ȶɭȥơʠȟࢎƒȥʽȶȍʠȇɭʠȟ–ƎʠƎŔȇʋŔˊȶȇʋʠɭ࢏
- òʋɭࡲȍʠƃǫƎʠȟࢎòŔƎơƃơơȍǫƇǫ-ŔˊŔȇʋŔŹŔȥǬ–FȍơǫƎǫȥ
ȟŔƎƎơɽǫǫƇơɭǫɭࡲ࢏
- òʋɭࡲòɢǫȥȶɽʠȟࡪ7ơɽȟȶ˖ȶȟ–•ŔȥnjơɭǠŔȥɽ
ࢎŹǫɭŹơƃȇ࢏ǠʧƃɭơɽǫǫƇơɭǫɭࡲࢎơȥȇŔȍǬȥơɢǫƎơɭȟǫɽ
ʋŔŹŔȇŔɽǬ࢏
- òʋɭࡲŹŔ˖ŔȍơࡪqơȟǫƎơɽȟȶ˖ȶȟ–ȟơȍŔȥȶɽǫʋ–¡ơɭȇơȍ
Ǡʧƃɭơȍơɭǫࢎȟǫʋȶ˖ʠȥȶȍƎʠǐʠʋŔŹŔȇŔ࢏









7F衃ò

òʋɭࡲáŔɢǫȍȍŔɭơ
òʋɭࡲèơʋǫȇʧȍŔɭơࡪFȥƎŔˊŔȥǬȇȍǬƎơɭǫʋŔŹŔȇŔɽǬࢎʋơɭ࡫
ˊŔǐ࡫ȟơȇȶȥȶɭơɽơɢʋɃɭȍơɭ࡫ɽǫȥǫɭʠƇȍŔɭǬ࡫ȟơȍŔȥȶɽǫʋ–
¡ơɭȇơȍǠʧƃɭơȍơɭǫ࡫ȟơǫɽɽȥơɭƃǫɽǫȟȍơɭǫ࢏
5ƟɧȜǨɷʄƟȄǨɝŔɝǨȊȊŔȊŔɧǩȢ ƟɝǨƌƟɧȜǨɷǨƅǨȢƟƌȲǍɧʙŔɻǩɧǩ
ʙˏŔȜŔɷǩɝŔɝǨȊȲȜȜŔʄȲˏࢪƌʙɧࡲ
Fȍơȟơȥʋơɭ•ơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭ
áɭǫȟơɭ
¡Ŕȇʧȍ४ऒࠄȟȟơʋɭŔljȍŔŔˊȥǬɽơʽǫˊơ
áŔɢʧȍ४ऑࠄȟȟƎơɭǫƎơȥȇŔŹŔɭǬȇɽơɭʋɽȶȍǫƎ
¥ȶƎʧȍ४ऑࠄȟȟƎơɭǫȥƎơɭǫƎơȥȇŔŹŔɭǬȇɽȶȍǫƎ
Īơ˖ǫȇʧȍ४ऒࠄȟȟǫƇǫɽʠƎȶȍʠ
%ʧȍ४ऑࠄȟȟǫƇǫɽʠƎȶȍʠ
áʧɽʋʧȍ४ƒƇǫɢʧˊƎȶȍʠ
áơʋơʂǫ४þȶɢȍʠǫǐȥơŹŔʂǬơɭǫʋɭȶɽǫʋơȇɽʋɭŔʽŔ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥʠ
áʠɭɢʠɭŔ४ऒࠁȟȟơɭǫʋɭȶɽǫʋơȇɽʋɭŔʽŔ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥʠ
Fȇǫȟȶ˖४ऑࠁȟȟơɭǫʋɭȶɽǫʋơȇɽʋɭŔʽŔ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥʠ

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Fȍơȟơȥʋơɭ•ơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭ

òơȇȶȥƎơɭ

‘ʠɭʠʋ४•ơ˖ˊȶȥʠȥȇʠɭʠȟʠʂɽơɭʋǠŔȍǫ
FȇɽȇȶɭǫŔɽˊȶȥ४‘ŔʂǬȥʋǬǫȍơƇǫ˖ǫȍȟơ
Fɭȶ˖ˊȶȥ४FɢǫƎơɭȟǫɽʋơƎȶȇʠȇŔˊŹǬ
•ǫȇơȥǫljǫȇŔɽˊȶȥ४‘ŔʂǬȥʋǬǫȍơȇŔŹŔɭȟŔ
Ĕȍɽơɭ४FɢǫƎơɭȟǫɽʽơƎơɭȟǫʂǫȥƎȶȇʠȇŔˊŹǬ
òȇŔɭ४bǫŹɭȶ˖ǫȍơǫˊǫȍơʂȟơ
òȇʠŔȟ४‘ơɢơȇȍơȥȟơࢎɽʋࡲ‘ȶɭȥơʠȟ࢏



 FɢǫƎơɭȟǫɽ7ơǐǫʂǫȇȍǫȇȍơɭǫ
qǫɢơɭȇơɭŔʋȶ˖४òʋࡲ‘ȶɭȥơʠȟȇŔȍǬȥȍǬǐǬȥǬȥŔɭʋȟŔɽǬ
áŔɭŔȇơɭŔʋȶ˖४qǫɢơɭȇơɭŔʋȶ˖ऋ‘ơɭŔʋǫȥȶɽǫʋǠʧƃɭơ
ƇơȇǫɭƎơȇʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ
ȇŔȥʋȶ˖ǫɽ४FɢǫƎơɭȟǫɽǫȥȇŔȍǬȥȍŔʂȟŔɽǬ
ȇŔȥʋȶȍǫ˖ǫɽ४FɢǫƎơɭȟŔȍǠʧƃɭơȍơɭǫȥŹǫɭŹǫɭǫȥƎơȥ
ŔˊɭǬȍȟŔɽǬ
òɢȶȥnjǫȶ˖ǫɽ४ƒȥȟʋơɭɽơȍȍʧȍơɭŔɭŔȍǬǐǬȥŔɭʋȟŔɽǬ


áŔɢʧȍȶɽȇʠŔȟɃ˖qŔɽʋŔȍǬȇŔɭ
ࡧáǫʋɭǫŔ˖ǫɽɭơȶɽơ
ࡧ•ǫƃǠơȥɢȍŔȥʠɽ
ࡧáɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽ
 ࡧáŔɭŔɢɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽࢎȟǫȇȶǫƎơɽljʠȥnjȶǫƎơɽơƎɃȥʧʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ࢏

101
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‘ȶơŹȥơɭࢎȇɃŹȥơɭ࢏bơȥȶȟơȥǫࡪqơɭǠŔȥnjǫŹǫɭɽơŹơɢȍơ
ʋɭŔʽȟŔˊŔʠǐɭŔˊŔȥˊơɭȍơɭƎơȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥ
njơȍǫʂȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ

‘Ä%¥Fèᶣƒþƒbqòþ•z‘•è

ࡧáɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽ
ࡧ•ǫȇơȥɢȍŔȥʠɽ
ࡧĪǫʋǫȍǫnjȶ
ࡧáǫʋɭǫŔ˖ǫɽèȶ˖ơŔ
ࡧ¡ȶȍȍʠɽȇʠȟ

 

áòÄèƒŁƒò
ÚɷȾɧǨŔˏǨɷžʙȄȲˏŔȊŔɧǩõʙʄȜŔˏ࡯
-FɭǫʋơȟŔʋɃ˖ɢȍŔȇ-ȥȶȥ-ǫȥljơȇɽǫˊɃ˖࡫ȇएơ
-qǫɢơɭɢɭȶȍǫljơɭŔʋǫljƎơɭǫǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ 
-FɢǫƎơɭȟǫɽˊơȥǫȍơȥȟơ˖ŔȟŔȥǬŔ˖ŔȍȟǬʂ
ࠀࡲ‘ɭࡲáȍŔȇáɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽࢎáࡲĪʠȍnjŔɭǫɽ࢏
ࢎɢŔɭŔȇơɭŔʋȶ˖࢏࡫ࠁࠇnjʧȥƎơȥࠃnjʧȥơƎʧʂȟʧʂ
-FȥɽǬȇʋǫɢࢎहࠈ߿࢏
Fʋǫˊȶȍȶǿǫ -‘ơɽǫȥɽǬȥǬɭȍǬơɭǫʋơȟȍǫ࡫ɽȇʠŔȟȍǬɢȍŔȇȍŔɭ
ࡧFȥŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥljŔȇʋɃɭʋɭŔʽȟŔƎǬɭࡲࢇȄȲƟŸȢƟɧLJƟȢȲȜƟȢǨ࢈ -हࠂ߿ǠŔɽʋŔƎŔnjơȥǫʋŔȍʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʽơʋǬɭȥŔȇ
•FȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭ࡫ǫȍŔƇȍŔɭࡲþơʋǫȇȍơˊơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ Ǝơǐǫʂǫȇȍȍǫȇȍơɭǫ

 ࠁࡲFɭǫʋɭȶƎơɭȟǫȇɢɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽ
-ĪʧƃʠƎʠȥहࠇ߿ljŔ˖ȍŔɽǬơɭǫʋơȟऋɽȇʠŔȟȇŔɢȍǬ
bǫ˖ˊȶɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫ -qǫɢȶʋơɭȟǫ࡫‘ĵऋ࡫¡ȶɭʋŔȍȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
-FɢǫƎơɭȟŔȍǠǫɢơɭɢɭȶȍǫljơɭŔɽˊȶȥࢎŔȇŔȥʋȶ˖ǫɽ࢏
-áŔɭŔȇơɭŔʋȶ˖ࡪqǫɢơɭȇơɭŔʋȶ˖ऋȇơɭŔʋǫȥȶɽǫʋǠʧƃɭơ ࠂࡲáʧɽʋʧȍơɭáɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽ
ƇơȇǫɭƎơȇʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ -eơŹơƎơnjơȥơɭŔȍǫ˖ơɢʧɽʋʧȍơɭɢɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽơǫȟɢơʋǫnjȶ
-áŔɢǫȍȍȶȟŔʋȶ˖ǫɽ ǠơɭɢơʋǫljȶɭȟǫɽƎơȥǫɭࡲࢎࠂࡲʋɭǫȟơɽʋơɭ࢏
-áʧɽʋʧȍȍơɭŔǐɭǬȍǬƎǬɭࡲ

ࠃࡲeʠʋʋŔʋáɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽ
-eơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơƇȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔĔòĵFࢫʠȥʠʋŔȇǫŹơȥȶɭʋŔˊŔ
ƇǬȇŔɭࡲáɭȶnjȥȶ˖ʠƇȶȇǫˊǫƎǫɭࡲ
-B-ǠơȟȶȍǫʋǫȇɽʋɭơɢʋȶȇȶȇȍŔɭŔɽơȇȶȥƎơɭ
-7ŔȟȍŔʂơȇȍǫȥƎơȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭ

ࠄࡲɭʋɭȶɢŔʋǫȇáɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽ
-7ǫɽʋŔȍǫȥʋơɭljŔȍŔȥnjơŔȍơȇȍơȟȍơɭʋʠʋʠȍʠɭࡲ
-ɭʋɭǫʋǫɽȟʠʋǫȍŔȥɽŔȥơƎơȥȶȍʠɭࡲ

þơƎŔʽǫ
 þȶɢǫȇŔȍࡪȥʋɭŔȍǫȥ࡫òʋơɭȶǫƎȍơɭ࡫7ࠂĪǫʋŔȟǫȥǫ
‘ȍǫȥǫȇ bȶʋȶʋơɭŔɢǫࡪáčĪࢎɢɽȶɭŔȍơȥʽơʠȍʋɭŔʽǫˊȶȍơ–
-FȥɽǬȇƎǫ˖࡫Ǝǫɭɽơȇ࡫ɽŔƇȍǬƎơɭǫʋʠʋʠȍʠɭࡲ ‘ŔʋŔɭŔȇʋʽơƎơɭǫ-࡮࢏
- òǫȟơʋɭǫȇ࡫ơȇɽʋŔȥɽɃɭˊʧ˖ơˊȍơɭƎơnjʧȟʧʂɭơȥȇȍǫ࡫ǫˊǫ òǫɽʋơȟǫȇࡪ¡ơʋȶʋɭơˉŔʋ࡫ĪǫʋࡲƎơʽɭǫˊơȍơɭǫ࡫ɽǫȇȍȶɽɢȶɭǫȥ
ɽǬȥǬɭȍǬ ࢇɻǨɻȜŔȢȊŔɧƌŔʶƟȄŔʄȊŔȢʄǩŸȾȊNJƟȊƟɧǨȢƌƟ %ǫˊȶȍȶǿǫȇŔȟǫȥȍơɭ
LJȊƟȄɷȾɧȲȊŔŸǨȊǨɧࡲ࢈ FˉʋŔȥơɭƃơɢʋ࡫ȍơljŔƃơɢʋࢎznjeࢫȥǫȥbƃŹɃȍnjơɽǫȥǫ
- ¡ʠȥɭȶȟǫȇɭȶŔŹɽơȍơɭǫࡪ¥ɃʋɭȶljǫȍȇʧȟơȍơɭǫȥƎơȥ ǫƇơɭơȥljʧ˖ˊȶȥɢɭȶʋơǫȥǫƎǫɭࡲ࢏
ȶȍʠʂŔȥ FljŔȍǫ˖ʠȟŔŹࢎ-7ࠀࠀࢫǫȥ•b-ࠀ˖ǫȥƃǫɭǫȥơȇŔƎŔɭ
- ¡ʠȟȍơȇơɽǫŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫࡪòȇȍʠŔȟȍŔɭǬȥȇŔ˖ŔȥǬȥƃŔ njơȍǫʂʋǫɭǫȍȟǫʂ¡-࢏
ɢȍŔȇʋŔȇǫnjɃɭʧȥʋʧ ƒȥljȍǫˉǫȟŔŹࢎþ¥bȍljŔȇŔɭʂǬ¡-࢏
- ʠʋ˖ɢǫʋ˖ŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫࡪòȇʠŔȟȍŔɭȇŔȍȇǬȥƃŔȇŔȥŔȟ

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áɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔȥˊơȥǫŹǫˊȶȍȶǿǫȇ
ŔǿŔȥȍŔɭࡪƎŔȍǫȟʠȟŔŹ࡫čɽʋơȇǫȥʠ¡ŔŹòơƃʠȇǫȥʠȟŔŹ

•ƒ‘F¥á•¥čò

-7ơɭǫ-¡ʧȇɃ˖ȟȟơȟŹɭŔȥȍŔɭǬʋʠʋŔɭ࡫ȇŔʂǬȥʋǬȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
-ȇʠʋ-ȇɭࡲFȥljࡲqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬƎǬɭࡲ
-FʋˊȶȍȶǿǫƎơq-ĪɃȥơȟȍǫƎǫɭࡲqzĪ࡫7-áơȥǫɽǫȍŔȟǫȥ-
ŔȍʋǬȥ-ƃǫʽŔ

-áȶȍǫnjȶȥŔȍȟȶɭ-ȟơȥơȇʂơɭơȥnjǫɢŔɢʧȍǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
-qǫɢơɭɢǫnjȟơȥʋŔɽˊȶȥŹǬɭŔȇǬɭࡲƒ˖ȇŔȍȟŔ˖ࡲ

-%ǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍɽǫȟơʋɭǫȇljȍơȇɽɃɭˊʧ˖ơˊƎơƎǫɭࡲ
-FȥɽǬȇơȍ-ŔˊŔȇŹǫȍơȇȍơɭǫȥƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ 
-‘ȶơŹȥơɭࢎऋ࢏



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ࡧáɭʠɭǫʋǫƃ ࡧáȍŔȥŔɭ
ࡧáȶȍǫnjȶȥŔȍ ࡧáʠɭɢȍơ
ࡧáŔɢʠȍơ

¡ʠȇȶ˖Ŕ
-ࠁࡸࠂʽŔȇŔƎŔʋʠʋʠȍʠɭࡲ
-ǐǬ˖ƎŔŹʠȇȇŔȍȟʠȇȶ˖ŔƎŔɢȍŔȇऋ
-áɭơȟŔȍǫnjȥƎǫɭࡲò--njơȍǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲࢎ%%-7ơǐǫȍ࢏
-eȍŔȥɽɢơȥǫɽ࡫ʽʠȍʽŔ࡫ʽŔǿơȥƎơʋʠʋʠȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
-òŔƇȍǬƎơɭǫˊǫʋʠʋŔɭŔȇŔȍȶɢơɽǫ



þǬɭȥŔȇ 
-¶ȥǫȇȶʂǫ˖ǫࢎȍŔȟơȍȍơɭ
ŔˊɭǬʂȟŔ࢏ʽơ 
ȶȥǫȇȶȟŔƎơ˖ǫɽ

ࢇʄǩɧȢŔȄʄŔŔ˃ɧǩȊȜŔ࢈
ȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ 

 

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áǫʋɭǫŔ˖ǫɽèȶɽơŔ %Ĕ••ÄŁqòþ•z‘•è

-qơɭŔȍƎ-ȟŔƎŔȍˊȶȥɢȍŔȇࢎࠁ-ࠃƃȟɽȶȟȶȥɭơȥnjǫ࢏
-FʋˊȶȍȶǿǫƎơqqĪࠅʽơࠆ òč%‘¶è¥Fč¡ ƒ¥þèFáƒ7Fè¡• òč%Fáƒ7Fè¡•
-òȇɭʠȟȍŔɭǬȥǫƇơŹŔȇŔȥȇǬɽǬȟȍŔɭǬȇŔȍȇǬȇ
ȶȍƎʠǐʠȥƎŔȥࢨˊŔȇŔȍǬȇࢩŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ ¥ǫȇȶȍɽȇˊࢎऋ࢏ ¥ǫȇȶȍɽȇˊࢎऋ࢏ ¥ǫȇȶȍɽȇˊ ࢎ-࢏

 áơȟljǫnjʠɽ áơȟljǫnjʠɽ %ʧȍȍɃ˖

ljȶȍȍŔƃơʠɽ ʽʠȍnjŔɭǫɽ ɢơȟljǫnjȶǫƎ
‘ǬʽɭǬȟȍŔɭƎŔȇǫȶʽŔȍȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭƎơɭǫƇǫ˖njǫȍơɭǫȥơ
ɢŔɭŔȍơȍˊơɭʂơʂǫɭࢨƇŔȟŔǐŔƃǬࢩŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫࡲ %ʧȍȍɃ˖
qơɭɢơɽòǫȟɢȍơȇɽ
7ơɭȟŔʋǫʋǫɽ
ȇȶơŹȥơɭऋ ǫȟɢơʋǫnjȶ Ǡơɭɢơʋǫljȶɭȟǫɽ

 FɢǫƎơɭȟȶȍǫ˖ǫɽ
ƒȟɢơʋǫnjȶ Źʧȍȍȶ˖Ŕ
qơɭɢơɽ˖ȶɽʋơɭ
Ǡơɭɢơʋǫljȶɭȟǫɽ Fɭǫʋơȟơ
ȟʠȍʋǫljȶɭȟơ
•ǫȥơơɭznj
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
‘ȶȥʋɭŔȇʋ
áȶɭljǫɭǫŔ
ƎơɭȟŔʋǫʋ
ȇʠʋŔȥơŔʋŔɭƎŔ
ࢎࡳ࢏
þȶȇɽǫȇ
ơɢǫƎơɭȟŔȍ
 ȥơȇɭȶȍǫ˖ࢎऋ࢏
òࡲȶǠȥɽȶȥ
ɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠࢎऋ࢏



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-7ơɭǫ-ȟʠȇȶ˖ŔˊǬʋʠʋŔȥŹǫɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇ
òȶɭʠ -ƒƎǫȶɢŔʋǫȇ–ȶʋȶǫȟȟʠȥ
ʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫŹʧȍȍɃ˖ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇ -FɢǫƎơɭȟǫɽʋơƎơɽȟȶɽȶȟȍŔɭŔȇŔɭʂǬࡪznje
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࢏7ơɭȟŔʋǫʋǫɽǠơɭɢơʋǫljȶɭȟǫɽ
-þ˖ŔȥƃȇʋơɽʋǫࢎŔȇŔȥʋȶȍǫʋǫȇɽʋɭŔʋʠȟɽɢǫȥȶ˖ʠȟ
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-࢏òʋơʽơȥȶǠȥɽȶȥɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
ǫɭǫȥʠȇȍơʠɽȍŔɭ
7࢏áɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽ
-ȇȶȥʋȶȍǫ˖ǫɽࢎ7ơɽȟȶ˖ȶȟȍŔɭǬȥȇȶɢȟʠʂǠŔȍǫ࢏
F࢏ƒȟɢơʋǫnjȶǠơɭɢơʋǫljȶɭȟǫɽ -ƒȥʋɭŔơɢǫƎơɭȟŔȍŹʧȍ

 


òȶɭʠ
-ǫʽŔʋʋơŹȶƎˊˊ ŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭƎŔȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫ
ǫƇǫȥɢŔʋȶnjȥȶȟȶȥǫȇʋǫɭࡳ
࢏áơȟljǫnjʠɽʽʠȍnjŔɭǫɽ
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7࢏áɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽʽʠȍnjŔɭǫɽ
F࢏áǫʋɭǫŔ˖ǫɽɭȶ˖ŔɽơŔ

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áơȟljǫnjʠɽĪơnjơʋŔȥɽ 7Fè¡þƒþƒòqFèáFþƒb¶è¡ƒòࢎ7ʠǠɭǫȥnjqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ࢏
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-ȇɽǫȍȍơɭʽơǫȥnjʠǫȥŔȍŹɃȍnjơƎơˊơɭȍơʂǫɭࡲ -òʠŹơɢǫƎơɭȟŔȍŹʧȍǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
-Ĕɭʋǫȇơɭ࡫ʽơ˖ǫȇʧȍơɭ࡫ơɭǫʋơȟǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
áơȟljǫnjʠɽbȶȍǫŔɽơʠɽ -þ˖Ŕȥȇʋơɽʋǫऋ
-òʠŹȇȶɭȥơŔȍˊơɭȍơʂǫȟȍǫ -¥ǫȇȶȍɽȇǫʋơɽʋǫऋ
-¡ʠȇȶ˖ŔȍŔɭʋʠʋʠȍȟŔ˖ -7ơɭȟŔȍɢŔɢǫȍȍŔȍŔɭƎŔznjऋŹǫɭǫȇǫȟǫ
-¥ǫȇȶȍɽȇˊljơȥȶȟơȥǫࢎऋ࢏ -1ɃȍˊŔȇǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬˊȍŔǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫ࡫eȍʠʋơȥơʋơɭȶɢŔʋǫɽǫ
-7ŔɢɽȶȥȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲࢎȍơɢɭŔƎŔȇǫnjǫŹǫ࢏
áơȟljǫnjʠɽFɭǫʋơȟŔʋȶ˖ʠɽ
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-eɃǐʧɽʋơʽơˊʧ˖ƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ -%ǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍ࡫ɽǫȟơʋɭǫȇ࡫ơȇɽʋŔȥɽɃɭˊʧ˖ơˊȍơɭ
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-7ŔǠŔǫȍơɭǫˊŔʂŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
-˖ŹǫɭȇǬɽǬȟƎŔȶɭŔȍȟʠȇ˖ȶŔƎŔơɭȶ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭࡲ
-òʠŹơɢǫƎơɭȟŔȍŹʧȍǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
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-ǐǬ˖ȟʠȇȶ˖ŔɽǬƇȶȇȥŔƎǫɭʋʠʋʠȍʠɭࡲ
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-þ˖Ŕȥȇʋơɽʋǫ-
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þơƎŔʽǫࡪòʋơɭȶǫƎࡲ¡ơʋȶʋɭơȇɽŔʋʽơɽǫȇȍȶljȶɽljŔȟǫƎࡲ

 

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--7ࠇǫȍơnjơɭƇơȇȍơʂʋǫɭǫȍơȥŔʂǬɭǬƎʠˊŔɭȍǬȍǬȇ
ɭơŔȇɽǫˊȶȥʠ

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FȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭࡪǠơɭɢơɽɽǫȟɢȍơȇɽ࡫ȟˊƃȶɢȍŔ˖ȟŔ࡫
ǠǫɽʋȶɢȍŔ˖ȟȶ˖ǫɽ࡫ʋǫljȶʽơȍơɢɭŔ
ƒȍŔƇȍŔɭࡪɽʧȍljȶȥŔȟǫƎȍơɭ࡫ɢơȥǫɽǫȍǫȥ࡫ŹŔɭŹǫʋʧɭŔʋ࡫
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ƎơɭȟŔʋȶȟˊȶ˖ǫʋǫɽ

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ʋŔŹŔȇŔɽǬȥƎŔȍǫȥơơɭznjeƎơɢȶȍŔɭǬǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
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-qơȟǫƎơɽȟȶ˖ȶȟȍŔɭŔȇŔɭʂǬ
òǫɽʋơȟǫȇࠁljȶɭȟʠʽŔɭƎǬɭࡪ

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òơȥƎɭȶȟʠࡪǐǬ˖Źȶʂȍʠǐʠ࡫
ƎʠƎŔȇȍŔɭ࡫ȇȶȥǿʠȇʋǫʽŔ࡫
ʧɭơʋɭŔ࡫ŔȥȶnjơȥǫʋŔȍŹɃȍnjơ
njǫŹǫˊơɭȍơɭƎơǠơȟȶɭŔǿǫȇ
ȇŔŹʠȇȍŔȥŔȥȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭ
Źʠȍʠȥʠɭࡲ

þȶȇɽǫȇFɢǫƎơɭȟŔȍ
¥ơȇɭȶȍǫ˖ǫɽࡪ7ơɭǫʽơȟʠȇȶ˖Ŕȍ
ˊʧ˖ơˊȍơɭƎơˊŔˊnjǬȥȥơȇɭȶ˖ʽơ
ɽȶˊʠȍȟŔǫȍơȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơ࡫
 ˊŔȥǬȇȍŔɭŔŹơȥ˖ơɭŹǫɭȇȍǫȥǫȇnjɃɭʧȥʧȟȶȍʠʂȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ

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FɭǫʋɭȶƎơɭȟǫ
Īʧƃʠʋˊʧ˖ơˊǫȥǫȥहࠇ߿-हࠈ߿ࢫƎŔȥljŔ˖ȍŔɽǬȥǬơʋȇǫȍơˊơȥ
ơɭǫʋơȟʽơƎơɽȇʠŔȟȟŔɽˊȶȥ 

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ࠀࡲ7ơɭȟŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȇǠŔɽʋࢎɢɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽ࡫ŔʋȶɢǫȇƎơɭȟŔʋǫƎ࡫
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ࠁࡲƒȍŔƇȍŔɭ
ࠂࡲƒƎǫȶɢŔʋǫȇ

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ơȥɃȥơȟȍǫơʋȇơȥòʋɭơɢʋȶȇȶȇȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ

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ࠂࡲȇʠʋȍơȥljŔȥǿǫʋ
ࠃࡲòƃŔɭȍơʋljơʽơɭ
ࠄࡲFɭˊʋǠơȟŔȥȶƎȶɽʠȟ
ࠅࡲFɭˊʋǠơȟŔȟŔɭnjǫȥŔʋʠȟ
ࠆࡲáʠɭɢʠɭŔljʠȍȟǫȥŔȥɽ
ࠇࡲȇʠʋnjʠʋʋŔʋɢɽɃɭǫŔ˖ǫɽ



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qòþ•z‘•èz

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ȍơ˖ˊȶȥʠʽơ˖ǫȇʧȍƎʧɭ
ࢎþ˖Ŕȥȇʋơɽʋǫ–ơɭǫʋơȟŔ
ȟʠȍʋǫljȶɭȟơơʋȇơȥǫƎǫɭࡲ࢏
ĪơɭɭʠƃŔࢎɽǫǐǫȍ࢏ࡪqáĪ
ơʋȇơȥƎǫɭࡲ
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-ȶȥʋŔnjǫȶɽʠȟࡪáȶˉ
ʽǫɭʧɽơʋȇơȥƎǫɭࡲeɃŹơȇȍǫɢŔɢʧȍऋ
òʠƇǫƇơǐǫࡪĵʧ˖ƎơȥŹŔʂȍŔɭࢎʽŔɭǫɽơȍȍŔ࢏
1ǫƇơȇࡪeɃʽƎơƎơȥŹŔʂȍŔɭࡲ


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qFèáFòŁ¶òþFèࢎŁ¶¥࢏ þƒ¥FbĪ¶ò

-òɢǫȥŔȍɽǫȥǫɭnjŔȥnjȍǫȶȥȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȍŔʋơȥʋȇŔȍŔȥ -þɭǫƃǠȶɢǠˊʋȶȥɽƃǠȶȥȍơȥơǫǫ
ʽŔɭǫƃơȍȍŔ˖ȶɽʋơɭʽǫɭʧɽơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠˊȍŔȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ -‘ŔȍǬƃǬȇơȍȍǫȇˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
-òɢǫȥŔȍnjŔȥȍǫȶȥȍŔɭǬȥƎơɭȟŔʋȶȟȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȥŔǐɭǬȍǬ
ʽơ˖ǫȇʠȍȶŹʧȍȍȶ˖ȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭȍŔȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơ 
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-þŔȥǬɽǬþŁ¥‘ʋơɽʋǫ




› Eritrazma etkeni corynebacterium òƃŔŹǫơɽࢎʠˊʠ˖࢏

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minutissimum ࢇʺȲȲƌǩɻǩǍǩǨȊƟȄǩɧȜǩˏǩ
-òʋɭࡲ-ȶɭȥơʠȟƎŔʋʧȥơȍŔƇŔɭࡲࢎòǫȍǫȶȥ࢏
ɧƟLJȊƟ࢈ -Īơ˖ǫȇʧȍɢơɭȍơƎơˊŔʂŔɭࡲ
ࢥĤȲȲƌǩɻǩǍǩȢƌŔɷŔɧǩ-˃ƟɻǨȊɧƟȢȄʶƟɧƟȢ
þơƎŔʽǫࡪ%ŔʠȟơƎơɢơɭʠ࡫ǫʽơɭȟơȇʋǫȥࢎnjơŹơƎơ
mantar: õǨȢƟŔġƟɧɷǨƂȲȊȲɧ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍȟŔ˖࢏࡫áơɭȟơʋɭǫȥȇɭơȟ



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-ƒƇȶɭnjŔȥȟŔȍǫnjȥǫʋơȍơɭǫơʂȍǫȇơƎǫˊȶɭɽŔȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭƎŔ
ŔɭʋǬʂnjɃ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲࢎȍơɽɽơɭʋɭơȍȍŔŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ࢏
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þơƎŔʽǫࡪ-ơɭɭŔǠǫʽơ‘þ

‘ơɭŔʋȶŔȇŔȥʋȶȟ
¶ɭʋŔƎŔȇơɭŔʋǫȥǫ˖ơnjɃŹơǐǫȶȍŔȥ
ȇơɽȇǫȥɽǬȥǬɭȍǬȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭࡲ
‘ȍǫȥǫȇʽơɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇò-- 
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•ɃȇȶɢȍŔȇǫࡪ¡ʧȇɃ˖ȟơȟŹࡲʂǬɭǬȇơɭŔʋǫȥǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥ
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æʠơˊɭŔʋơɭǫʋɭȶɢȍŔ˖ǫɽǫࡪòʧȥȥơʋɭɽǫ˖ȍơɭƎơ࡫njȍŔȥɽ
ɢơȥǫɽʋơȇơɽȇǫȥɽǬȥǬɭȍǬǫɭɭơnjʧȍơɭɢȍŔȇ
áŔnjơʋqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬࡪĪʠȍʽŔƎŔࡲ 

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7ǫɽɢȍŔɽʋǫȇȥơʽʧɽࡪ¡ŔȍǫnjȥȟơȍŔȥȶȟǫƇǫȥȇơɽǫȥ
ɢɭơȇʧɭɽɃɭȍơ˖ˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲòǬȇȍǬȇȍŔࠄȟȟࢫƎơȥŹʧˊʧȇʋʧɭࡲ
-ȍŔɭȇȥơʽʧɽʧƎơƎơȥǫɭࡲ

7F胥ƒ¥¡•ƒe¥•FŁĵ¶¥•èz

%Ŕ˖Ŕȍqʧƃɭơȍǫ‘Ŕȥɽơɭ
- ¡ơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ˊŔɢȟŔ˖ȇŔŹʠȍơƎǫȍǫɭ࡫ȍȶȇŔȍǫȥʽŔ˖ˊȶȥʽơ
ƎơɽʋɭʧȇɽǫˊȶȥˊŔɢŔɭࡲटࠉࠇࢪǨŸŔɻ-ŸȲ˃ʙȢƌŔƌǩɧࡲ
-èȶƎơȥʋʧȍɽơɭǫȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲࢎʧ˖ơɭǫȥƎơʋơȍơȥǿǫơȇʋŔ˖ǫ
ŹʠȍʠȥŔȥŹǫɭɝŔɝʠȊࢇटࠆࠇ࢈ȶȍŔɭŔȇŹŔʂȍŔɭ࡫ɽȶȥɭŔ

ʧȍɽơɭȍơʂǫɭࡲ࢏
-FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥȟŔȍǫnjȥƎơɭǫʋʧȟɃɭʧƎʧɭࡲ

¡ʠʋȍŔȇŔ7ơɭǫȇŔȥɽơɭǫȥơ7Ƀȥʧʂơȥȍơɭ
ࡧȇʋǫȥǫȇȇơɭŔʋȶ˖
ࡧ‘ʠʋŔȥɃ˖Źȶˊȥʠ˖
ࡧɭɽơȥǫȇȇơɭŔʋȶ˖ʠ
ࡧ%ȶˁơȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
ࡧ¶ʠơˊɭŔʋơɭǫʋɭȶɢȍŔ˖ǫɽǫ
ࡧ•ơȥʋǫnjȶȟŔȍǫnjȥŔ
ࡧȇʋǫȥǫȇȍɃȇȶɢȍŔȇǫ 
ࡧȇʋǫȥǫȇƃǠơǫȍǫʋǫɽ
ࡧFˉʋɭŔȟŔȟȟŔɭǫŔȍáŔnjơʋ %q‘ࢫƎŔèơȇʧɭɭơȥɽèǫɽȇǫȥǫɭʋǬɭŔȥbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭ
- %ʠɭʠȥ࡫ȇʠȍŔȇȍŔɭ࡫njɃ˖ƇơʽɭơɽǫȥƎơǫɽơ
 -%ʧˊʧȇȍʧǐʧࠁƃȟࢫƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔǫɽơ
-qǫɽʋȶȍȶǿǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇǫȥljǫȍʋɭơʋǫɢǫɽơ
7ơɭǫ‘Ŕȥɽơɭǫȥơ7ɃȥʧʂȟơˊơFǐǫȍǫȟȍǫ¶ȍŔȥȍŔɭ

ࡧ‘ɭȶȥǫȇơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʽơʧȍɽơɭȍơɭࡷȶɽʋơȶȟˊơȍǫʋ࡫Ǝơɭǫ
ʋŹƃࡲ òɩʠŔȟɃ˖qʧƃɭơȍǫ‘Ŕȥɽơɭ
ࡧèŔƎˊȶƎơɭȟŔʋǫʋ -‘ơɭŔʋǫȥǫ˖ơơɢǫƎơɭȟǫɽʋơȥȇɃȇơȥŔȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧĵŔȥǬȇɽȇŔɭȍŔɭǬ - eʧȥơʂǬʂǬǐǬnjɃɭơȥˊơɭȍơɭƎơƎŔǠŔƇȶȇ
ࡧ¶ɭŔȍȍǫȇơȥɢȍŔȥʠɽ -FȥɽǬȇŔȍʋƎʠƎŔȇʋŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ࡧ7ǫɽȇȶǫƎȍʠɢʠɽơɭǫʋơȟŔʋȶ˖ʠɽ -•ơȥljŔʋǫȇȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ˊŔɢŔɭࡲ


¥FĪĔò•Fè

¥ơʽȶɽơȍȍʧȍơɭ¥ơʽʠɽࢎáǫnjȟơȥʋơ¥ơʽʠɽ࢏ࡪ
¡ơȍŔȥȶɽǫʋȍơɭƎơȥnjơȍǫʂơȥȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍʽơˊŔơƎǫȥɽơȍ
ŹơȥǫnjȥʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭơȥơʽʧɽƎơȥǫɭࡲ
¡ơȍŔȥȶɽǫʋǫȇǠʧƃɭơȇʧȟơȍơɭǫƎơɭȟǫʂʋơˊơɭȍơʂȟǫʂɽơ
ǫȥʋɭŔƎơɭȟŔȍ࡫ƎơɭȟȶơɢǫƎơɭȟŔȍŹǫȍơʂȇơƎơ
ˊơɭȍơʂȟǫʂɽơǿʠȥƃʋǫȶȥŔȍŹǫȍơʂȇơƎơˊơɭȍơʂȟǫʂɽơ
ǿʠȥʋǫȶȥŔȍࢎŹǫȍơʂȇơ࢏ȥơʽʠɽŔƎǬȥǬŔȍǬɭࡲqơȟƎơɭȟǫɽ
ǠơȟƎơŹǫȍơʂȇơƎơˊơɭȍơʂȟǫʂɽơȇȶȟɢŔʠȥƎ
ࢎŹǫȍơʂơȇ࢏ȥơʽʠɽŔƎǬȥǬŔȍǬɭࡲ

-7ơʽȇȶȥnjơȥǫʋŔȍȥơʽʠɽȍŔɭƎŔȟŔȍǫnjȥȟơȍŔȥȶȟ
¡Ŕȍǫnjȥ¡ơȍŔȥȶȟ
njơȍǫʂȟơɭǫɽȇǫȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲ
-7ơɭǫȥǫȥȟơȍŔȥȶɽǫʋǫȇɽǫɽʋơȟǫȥƎơȥȇɃȇơȥŔȍǬɭࡲ
- %ȍʠơȥơʽʧɽࡪĵʠʽŔȍŔȥȟŔnjɃɽʋơɭȟơˊơȥ࡫ƎơɭǫȥƎơʽơ
-FʋˊȶȍȶǿǫƎơ࡫njʧȥơʂǬʂǬȥȍŔɭǬʽơŔǫȍơɽơȇࢎnjơȥơʋǫȇ࢏
ljǫŹɭȶ˖ǫɽǫȍơŹǫɭŔɭŔƎŔŹʠȍʠȥŔȥ࡫ǫȍơɭǫƎơɭơƃơƎơ
ljŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭɃȥơȟȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
ɢǫnjȟơȥʋơǠʧƃɭơȍơɭƎơȥȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
- 7ǫɽɢȍŔɽʋǫȇʽơȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍȥơʽʧɽȍơɭƎơȥnjơȍǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
qŔȍȶȥơʽʧɽࡪ¥ơʽʧɽǠʧƃɭơȍơɭǫȍơȥljȶɽǫʋǫȥljǫȍʋɭŔɽˊȶȥʠ
-ŁơȥƃǫȍơɭƎơɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
ǫȍơƇơʽɭǫȍǫƎǫɭࡲ‘Ŕ˖ŔȥǬȍȟǬʂȥơʽʧɽȍơɭƎǫɭࡲ
-ĪơɭʋǫȇŔȍˊŔˊǬȍǬɭࡲ

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Ŕ࢏•F¥þƒe¶¡•ƒe¥¡F•¥¶¡ ‘á¶òƒò葶¡č
ࡧ¡ơʽƃʠʋȍơȥʋǫnjȶȟŔȍǫnjȥŔƎŔȥȇɃȇơȥŔȍǬɭࡲ
-qzĪऋࢫȍơɭƎơơȥɽǬȇȟŔȍǫnjǫȥʋʧȟɃɭࢎȍơȥljȶȟŔǫȍơ࢏
ࡧeơȥơȍƎơˊʧ˖Ǝơʽơˊʧ˖ơˊɽơȍˊŔˊǬȍǬɭࡲ
-qqĪ-ࠇơʋȇơȥ
ࡧࠀ߿–ࠀࠄˊǬȍƎŔȟŔȍǫnjȥȍơʂǫɭࡲ
-FȥɽǬȇȟơƎǫŔȍȟŔȍȍơȶȍƎơȥŹŔʂȍŔɭࡲ
ࡧFȥǫˊǫɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ȍʠʋǫɢǫ
-¡ȶɭ-ȟơȥơȇʂơɭơȥnjǫȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭऋ
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ࡧFȥɽǬȇʋǫɢǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧòǬɭʋʽơŔȍʋơȇɽʋɭơȟǫʋơƎơɽǬȇ
ࡧࠁࡲFȥǫˊǫɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ȍʠʋǫɢࡲ

ƃ࢏¥¶7Ĕ•Fè¡•ƒe¥¡F•¥¶¡
ࡧFɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơɽǬȇ
ࡧ%Ŕʂ࡫ŹȶˊʠȥʽơnjɃʽƎơƎơɽǬȇ
ࡧqǬ˖ȍǬnjơȍǫʂǫɭʽơʧȍɽơɭȍơʂǫɭ
ࡧFȥȇɃʋʧɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ȍʠʋǫɢǫ࡫ࠁࡲFȥɽǬȇʋǫɢࡲ

Ǝ࢏‘è••F¥þƒeƒ¥ƒò¡F•¥¶¡
ࡧŁơȥƃǫȍơɭƎơɽǬȇ
ࡧFȍǫƇǫ࡫ŔˊŔȇʋŔŹŔȥǬ࡫ʋǬɭȥŔȇˊŔʋŔǐǬʽơȟʧȇɃ˖
ȟơȟŹɭŔȥȍŔɭ 
ࡧnjɭơɽǫljʋǫɭ࡫ɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ʠȇɃʋʧ
ࡧFȥŔ˖njɃɭʧȍơȥʋǫɢ

áɭȶnjȥȶɽʋǫȇbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭ
ࠀࡲþʧȟɃɭʧȥơʽɭơɽǫࡪơʽɭơȥơȇŔƎŔɭǫȍơɭǫˊɽơɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖
ȶȇŔƎŔɭȇɃʋʧƎʧɭࡲ
ࠁࡲ‘ȍǫȥǫȇʋǫɢǫ
ࠂࡲ•ơ˖ˊȶȥʠȥˊơɭǫࡪeɃʽƎơƎơơȥȇɃʋʧ࡫ŹŔʂʽơŹȶˊʠȥ
ȶɭʋŔ࡫ơȇɽʋɭơȟǫʋơơȥǫˊǫ
ࠃࡲ-ǫȥɽǫˊơʋࡪơɭȇơȇƎŔǠŔȇɃʋʧ
ࠄࡲĵŔʂࡪˊŔʂȍǬȍŔɭƎŔȇɃʋʧ




¡ˊƃȶɽǫɽbʠȥnjȶǫƎơɽ

áɭơȟǫʋȶʋǫȇࡪáŔɭȍŔȇȍơˊȍŔȇ-
ȟȶɭˊŔȟŔȍŔɭ
ƒȥljǫȍʋɭŔʋǫljࡪFɭǫʋơȟȍǫɽȇʠŔȟȍǬ
ɢȍŔȇȍŔɭ
 þʧȟɃɭࡪ¥ȶƎʧȍʽơĔȍɽơɭȍơɭ

áŔʠʋơɭǫȶơɭ¡ǫȇɭȶŔŹɽơȍơɭǫ

-7ࠂ࡫-7ࠃɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljࡷ-7ࠆ
ȥơnjŔʋǫljʋǫɭࡲ

êƟˏŔɧ˃ɷƟȢƌɧȲȜʙž`ࢪǨȢȊȾɷƟȜǨȄ formudur.

áǫˊȶǿơȥǫȇeɭŔȥʠȍȶȟ

-þɭŔʽȟŔˊŔŔƇǬȇˊơɭȍơɭƎơȇǫɽŔɢȍǬ࡫ljɭŔǿǫȍ࡫ȇǬɭȟǬ˖Ǭ
 ȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
ĪŔɽȇʧȍơɭ7ȶȇʠþʧȟɃɭȍơɭǫ -‘ȶȍŔˊȇŔȥŔɭȍŔɭࡲ

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áŔʋơɭǿǫþơɽʋǫȥǫáȶ˖ǫʋǫljĵŔɢŔȥȍŔɭ
-èơȇʠɭɭơȥŔljʋɃ˖ɽʋȶȟŔʋǫʋ
-ƒɭǫƎȶɽǫȇȍǫʋ
-ƒƎǫˊȶɢŔʋǫȇơɭǫʋơȟŔȥȶƎȶɽʠȟ
-qơɭɢơɽnjơȥǫʋŔȍǫɽ
-èȶȟŔʋȶǫƎŔɭʋɭǫʋ

ĵh%FŁƒqòþ•z‘

ȇȥơʽʠȍnjŔɭǫɽࡪ‘ȶȟơƎȶȥ
 ȇȥơɭȶ˖ŔɽơŔࡪèǫȥȶɢǠˊȟŔnjɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ


BEHÇET 

čȍʠɽȍŔɭŔɭŔɽǬ%ơǠƇơʋqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
1ŔȍǬʂȟŔeɭʠŹʠþŔȥǬ‘ɭǫʋơɭȍơɭǫࡪ òơŹȶɭŔǫȇƎơɭȟŔʋǫʋࡪFȥƇȶȇɽŔƇʋŔȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࠀ࢏¶ɭŔȍŔljʋࢇ˃ǩȊƌŔࠅࢪʄƟȢLJŔˏȊŔ– ĵ7ࢫƎŔŔʋơʂ࡫ȇʠɽȟŔ࡫-ơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠȍŔŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơȍǫǐǫȥơ
ƟȢɷǩȄȊƟˏ˃ȲȢ࢈ •ơǫȥơɭqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬƎơȥǫɭࡲ
ࠁ࢏eơȥǫʋŔȍĔȍɽơɭʽơˊŔòǫȇŔʋɭǫɽ
ࢎɃȥơȟȍǫ࢏ 
ࠂ࢏Ĕʽơǫʋ
‘¥FĪč•eèƒò
ࠃ࢏FɭǫʋơȟŔȥȶƎȶ˖ʠȟ࡫
ʋɭȶȟŹȶljȍơŹǫʋ áǫȍȶɽơŹŔɽơʧȥǫʋơȥǫȥ
ࠄ࢏áŔʋơɭǿǫʋơɽʋǫ ǫȥljȍŔȟŔʋʠʽŔɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬƎǬɭࡲ
áɭȶɢȥǫȶŹŔȇʋơɭǫʠȟŔȇȥơɽ
-q•%ࠄࠀeơȥơʋǫȇnjơƇǫʂ
ơʋȇơȥƎǫɭࡲ
-FʋˊȶȍȶǿǫƎơqòĪ-ࠀʽơòࡲòŔȥnjʠǫɽ
þơƎŔʽǫƎơʋȶɢǫȇŔȍ%ʽơ
þơƎŔʽǫƎơǫȍȇȇȶȍʂǫɽǫȥࡲࢎòʋơɭȶǫƎǫȟȟʧȥɽʧɢɭơɽǫlj࢏ ɭơʋǫȥȶǫƎȍơɭʽơɭǫȍǫɭࡲ
eɃ˖ʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠȥƎŔǫȍȇɽơƇơȥơȇɽʋơɭȶǫƎࡲ þơƎŔʽǫơȥŔ˖ࠂŔˊȶȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ

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‘¥Fè¶ŁòFࢎeĔ••F¡F࢏

ĵʧ˖ƎơȇǫɽơŹŔɽơʧȥǫʋơȍơɭƎơȥ
ȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
‘ȶȟơƎȶȥˊȶȇʋʠɭࡲ
‘ŔƎǬȥȍŔɭƎŔƎŔǠŔɽǬȇࡲ
áȶɽʋȟơȥȶɢȶ˖Ŕȍࡲ




7F¡þƒþ•Fè

‘ȶȥʋŔȇʋƎơɭȟŔʋǫʋ

ƒɭɭǫʋŔȥȇȶȥʋŔȇʋƎơɭȟŔʋǫʋࡪɽǫʋʽơŔȍȇŔȍơȥ
ȟŔƎƎơȍơɭǫȥƎơɭǫƎơɢɭȶʋơǫȥȍơɭǫƎơȥŔʋʧɭơʋȟơɽǫ
ȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơȶȍʠʂŔȥǫȥljȍŔȟŔɽˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲ

ȍȍơɭǿǫȇȇȶȥʋŔȇʋƎơɭȟŔʋǫʋࡪȍȍơɭǿǫȇʽơˊŔȥȶȥŔȍȍơɭǿǫȇ

ȟŔƎƎơˊơȇŔɭʂǬʋǫɢࠃǠǫɢơɭɽơȥɽǫʋǫʽǫʋơ
òF%¶èFƒ‘7Fè¡þƒþ ɭơŔȇɽǫˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ

Ä˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơˊơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥ ‘ŔʂǬȥʋǬ࡫ơɭǫʋơȟ࡫ʽơɽǫȇʧȍऋ
ʽơɢʠŹơɭʋơɽȶȥɭŔɽǬ
þơƎŔʽǫơʋȇơȥǫȥʠ˖ŔȇȍŔʂʋǬɭǬȍȟŔɽǬʽơʋȶɢǫȇŔȍ
ƎŔǠŔɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
ɽʋơɭȶǫƎȍơɭƎǫɭࡲ
òơŹȶɭơǫȇŹɃȍnjơȍơƎơ
ȇơɢơȇȍơȥȟơࡲ

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ŹơȍȍǫʠˊŔɭŔȥȍŔɭŔˊɃȥơʋǫȍȟơɽǫʽơȶɭŔƎŔ
ʋʠʋʠȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ7ǫȇȇŔʋŔ˖ŔȍȟŔɽǬƎơɢɭơɽˊȶȥƎŔ࡫
ŔɭʋȟŔɽǬǫɽơȟŔȥǫǠǫɢȶȟŔȥǫƎơȶȍʠɭࡲ
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

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ŽǨɻǨȢǨȢɻǨȜƌǨ࡬NJƟƅȜǨɻʄƟ˃ŔɻŔƌǩȄȊŔɧǩȢǩ
ŔȢǩȜɷŔ˃ŔŸǨȊȜƟ˃ƟʄƟȢƟǍǨƌǨɧࡲ

ȟȥơ˖ǫࡪBơȍȍơȇȇŔˊŹǬƎơȟơȇʋǫɭࡲ

èơʋɭȶnjɭŔƎ– ȥʋơɭȶnjɭŔƎŔȟȥơ˖ǫࡪ‘ŔljŔʋɭŔʽȟŔɽǬ࡫
ʋȶȇɽǫȥʽɽࡲȶɭnjŔȥǫȇȥơƎơȥȍơɭơŹŔǐȍǬnjơȍǫʂơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

‘ȶȥljŔŹʠȍŔɽˊȶȥࡪ%ơȍȍơȇʋơȇǫŹȶʂȍʠȇȍŔɭǬȥnjơɭƇơȇʋơ
ȶȍȟŔˊŔȥŔȥǬȍŔɭȍŔ࡫ŹǫȍǫȥƇƎǬʂǬȶȍŔɭŔȇƎȶȍƎʠɭʠȍȟŔɽǬ
ƎơȟơȇʋǫɭࡲÄ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơȇȶɭɽŔȇȶljɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠȥƎŔ
ࢎŔȍȇȶȍʧȥȇɭȶȥǫȇƎɃȥơȟƎơˊȶȍŔƇʋǬǐǬȇŔȍǬƃǬŔȟȥơɽʋǫȇ
Źȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ࢏njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ

áòƒ‘¶þƒ‘qòþ•z‘•è
ࢇcƟɧƅƟǍǨƌƟǍƟɧȊƟȢƌǨɧȜƟ˃ƟʄǨɷǨŸȲˏʙȄ࢈
ࡧ÷ǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫ
ࡧ÷ǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫljȶɭȟŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ
ࡧ÷ǫ˖ȶŔȇʋǫljŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ
ࡧòŔȥɭǬȍǬŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ
ࡧ‘ǬɽŔɢɽǫȇȶʋǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ
ࡧáŔˊȍŔʂǬȍȟǬʂɢɽǫȇȶʋǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇࢎȇŔȍƎǬɭǬȍƎǬ࢏
ࡧeơȥơȍʋǬŹŹǫƎʠɭʠȟŔŹŔǐȍǬɢɽǫȇȶʋǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ
ࡧ¡ŔƎƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬȥǬȥˊȶȍŔƇʋǬǐǬɢɽǫȇȶʋǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ
 -‘ŔʋŔʋȶȥǫ࡫ŔȟŹǫʽŔȍŔȥɽࢎŔˊȥǬŔȥƎŔljŔɭȇȍǬƎʠˊnjʠȍŔɭ࢏
÷ƒŁ¶bèF¥ƒ
-7ʧʂʧȥƃơ࡫ŔȍnjǬ࡫ȟȶȶƎ࡫ȇǫʂǫȍǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇ
-áɭơʽŔȍŔȥɽहࠀ
-Fɭȇơȇࠀࠄ–ࠁࠄˊŔʂ
-‘ŔƎǬȥࠁࠄ–ࠂࠄˊŔʂ
-eơȥơʋǫȇࢎȟȶȥȶ˖ǫnjȶʋǫȇǫ˖ȇŔɭƎơʂʋơɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ࢏
-FȥɽǬȇɃȍʧȟȥơƎơȥǫ ǫȥʋǫǠŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
 ȇȶȥʠʂʠɭࡲ࢏
-7ȶɢŔȟǫȥơʋȇǫȥȍǫǐǫȥƎơŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥŔɭʋǬʂʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
-e%ŔȇʋǫʽǫʋơɽǫŔ˖ŔȍȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ
-‘ȶɭʋǫȇŔȍŔʋɭȶljǫ࡫ȍŔʋơɭŔȍʽơࠂࡲĪơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍȍơɭƎơ
njơȥǫʂȍơȟơ࡫ljɭȶȥʋŔȍȍȶŹȍǫȟŹǫȇɽǫɽʋơȟʽơŹŔ˖Ŕȍ
njŔȥnjȍǫȶȥŔȥȶɭȟŔȍȍǫȇȍơɭǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
-ࠅŔˊɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭƎơʽŔȟơʋȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
-eơȥơȍƎơŹǫȍǫȥƇŔƇǬȇʋǬɭࡲ%ơȍȍơȇʽơȶɭˊŔȥʋŔɽˊȶȥ
ࢎˊɃȥơʋǫȟ࢏ȥȶɭȟŔȍƎǫɭŔȟŔnjơɭƇơǐǫƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭȟơ
ˊơʋȇǫɽǫŹȶ˖ʠȍȟʠʂʋʠɭࢎɢɽǫȇȶ˖࢏ࡲ



‘ȍǫȥǫȇ
- qŔȍǫɽʧȍŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭࢎơȥɽǬȇǫʂǫʋɽơȍ࢏
- òŔȥɭǬȍŔɭࢎɢơɭɽơȇʧɽˊȶȥ࡫njɭŔƎǫˊɃ˖ʽɽࡲ࢏
-òɃ˖ƃʧȇɽŔȍŔʋŔɽǬࢎơȥȇȶǠơɭŔȥɽ࢏࡫ȥơȶȍȶǿǫ˖ȟࢎɽɃ˖ƃʧȇ
ʠˊƎʠɭʠɭȍŔɭ࢏࡫ơȇȶȍŔȍǫࡲ
-%ŔȇǬȟɽǬ˖࡫Ƈơʽɭơˊȍơǫȍnjǫɽǫ˖࡫Ŕljljơȇʋơȇʧȥʋȍʧȇ࡫ǫƇơ
ȇŔɢŔȥȟŔ
7ò¡ĪࢫơnjɃɭơʂǫ˖ȶ˖ljɭơȥǫʋŔȥǬɽǬǫƇǫȥ
‘ŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫɽʋǫȇŹơȍǫɭʋǫȍơɭ
ࡧòŔȥɭǬȍŔɭ
ࡧĪŔɭɽŔȥǬȍŔɭ
ࡧ7ơ˖ȶɭnjŔȥǫ˖ơȇȶȥʠʂȟŔࢎ‘ơȥƎǫȍǫǐǫȥƎơȥȇȶȥʠʂȟŔ
ȟǫȇʋŔɭǬŔ˖ŔȍȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ‘ǬɽŔƃʧȟȍơȍơɭȍơˊŔƎŔƇȶȇŔ˖
ࡧ7ơ˖ȶɭnjŔȥǫ˖ơˊŔƎŔȇŔʋȶʋȶȥǫȇƎŔʽɭŔȥǬʂ
ࡧ¥ơnjŔʋǫljŹơȍǫɭʋǫȍơɭ
-þȶɢȍʠȟɽŔȍȟơɽȍơȇǫǫʂȍơʽŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠȶȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
-%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇŹơȍǫɭʋǫȍơɭǫơȥŔ˖ࠅŔˊƎǬɭŔɭŔȍǬȇɽǬ˖
ɽʧɭȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
-7ʠˊnjʠƎʠɭʠȟŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠȥʠȥƎǬʂȍŔȥȟŔɽǬ
-¡ŔƎƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬʽơnjơȥơȍʋǬŹŹǫƎʠɭʠȟʠȥ
ƎǬʂȍŔȥȟŔɽǬ

÷ǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫþǫɢȍơɭǫࢎ‘ŔȍƎǬɭǬȍƎǬ࢏

áŔɭŔȥȶǫƎʂǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫ
¢ȲɧƟɝǨȢƟLJɧǨȢȾˏƟȊȊǨȄȊƟɝŔɧŔȢȲǨƌʄǨɝʄƟ -FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥʋǫɢ࡫ɢơɭɽơȇʧʋʠŔɭʽơnjɭŔȥƎǫˊɃ˖
ŔɧʄȜǩɻʄǩɧࡲ ɽŔȥɭǬȍŔɭȍŔȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ
 -ƒȍơɭǫˊŔʂ

116
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

-‘ɭȶȥǫȇŔȟljơʋŔȟǫȥȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬɢŔɭŔȥȶǫƎʂǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫ ŹʠȍʠȥȟŔɽǬ
Źơȥ˖ơɭǫɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭ ࡧáȶ˖ǫʋǫljɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬȥȶȍȟŔɽǬ
ࡧáɭơȟȶɭŹǫƎ࡫ɽȶɽˊŔȍ࡫ɽơȇɽʧơȍʽơǫʂȍơʽɽơȍȍǫǐǫȥǫˊǫ
ˊɭǬʂȟŔȟǬʂ÷ǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫ ȶȍȟŔɽǬ
-ࠁࡲơȥɽǬȇʋǫɢ ࡧFʽȍǫȶȍȟŔɽǬ
-%ǫɭƎơȥljŔ˖ȍŔʋǫɢǫȥɃ˖ơȍȍǫǐǫȥǫʋŔʂǬɭ࡫ŔȥƃŔȇǠǫƇŹǫɭ ࡧòȶɽˊŔȍƎơɽʋơǐǫȥǫˊǫȶȍȟŔɽǬ
ŹơȍǫɭʋǫŹŔɽȇǬȥƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭࡲࢎɢŔɭŔȥȶǫƎ࡫Ǝơ˖ȶɭnjŔȥǫ˖ơˊŔ ࡧ‘ŔƎǬȥƃǫȥɽǫˊơʋ
ƎŔȇŔʋȶʋȶȥǫȇʋǫɢơʠˊȟŔ˖ࡲ࢏ ࡧƒȍŔƇȍŔơɭȇơȥʋơƎŔʽǫʽŔɭ
7ơ˖ȶɭnjŔȥǫ˖ơࢎǠơŹơljɭơȥǫȇ࢏÷ǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫ ࡧ%ŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇʋŔȇǫǫȍŔƃŔˊŔȥǬʋʽŔɭ
-7ơ˖ȶɭnjŔȥǫ˖ơȇȶȥʠʂȟŔࢎɽŔƇȟŔȍŔȟŔ࡫ơȥȇȶǠơɭŔȥɽࡪ 
ɽŔȍŔʋŔ࢏ʽơƎŔʽɭŔȥǬʂ࡫ȇʧȥʋ-ƎȶȥʠȇˊŔƎŔʠˊnjʠȥɽʠ˖
ŔljljơȇʋơȥɃȥơȟȍǫɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇࡲ ‘Ƀʋʧáɭȶnjȥȶ˖
-eơȥƇˊŔʂʋŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭʽơʋơƎŔʽǫˊơƎǫɭơȥƇȍǫƎǫɭࡲ ࡧFɭȇơȥŹŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇࢎࠁ߿ࢫƎơȥɃȥƃơ࢏
-1ȶƃʠȇɽʠȍʠȇʽơȥȶȥ-ɽǫɽʋơȟŔʋǫ˖ơɽŔȥɭǬɃȥ ࡧáɭơɽǫɢǫʋơơƎǫƃǫljŔȇʋɃɭȶȍȟŔȟŔɽǬ
ɢȍŔȥƎŔƎǬɭࡲ ࡧ‘ɭȶȥǫȇࢎɽǫȥɽǫ࢏ŹŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇ
ࡧǫȍơɃˊȇʧɽʧȥƎơʂǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫǠǫȇŔˊơɽǫŹʠȍʠȥȟŔɽǬ
èơ˖ǫƎʧơȍ÷ǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫ ࡧ¥ơnjŔʋǫljɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬȥȶȍȟŔɽǬ
-FɽŔɽȶȍŔɭŔȇȥơnjŔʋǫljŹơȍǫɭʋǫȍơɭǫȥɃȥơƇǬȇʋǬǐǬʽơ ࡧáɭơȟȶɭŹǫƎ࡫ɽȶɽˊŔȍ࡫ɽơȇɽʧơȍʽơǫʂȍơʽɽơȍȍǫǐǫȥȇɃʋʧ
ɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljŹơȍǫɭʋǫȍơɭǫȥŹŔɽȇǬȍŔȥƎǬǐǬʋǫɢʋǫɭࡲ ȶȍȟŔɽǬ
‘Ŕʋȶʋȶȥǫȇ÷ǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫ ࡧeơɭǫˊơƇơȇǫȍȟơʽơȶʋǫɽʋǫȇƎŔʽɭŔȥǬʂȍŔɭǬȥȶȍȟŔɽǬ
-þơȟơȍŹơȍǫɭʋǫȍơɭɢɽǫȇȶȟȶʋȶɭƎʠɭࡲqŔȍʧɽǫȥŔɽˊȶȥ ࡧ%ơȇŔɭ࡫ŹȶʂŔȥȟǬʂʽơˊŔƎʠȍȶȍȟŔɽǬ
ƇȶȇȥŔƎǫɭࡲ ࡧòȶɽˊŔȍƎơɽʋơǐǫȥȇɃʋʧȶȍȟŔɽǬ
-7ǫǐơɭŹơȍǫɭʋǫȍơɭࡷơȇɽǫʋŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ɽʋʠɢȶɭ࡫ ࡧFɭȇơȇƃǫȥɽǫˊơʋ
ȟʠʋǫ˖ȟࢎȇȶȥʠʂȟŔ˖࢏࡫ɭǫǿǫƎǫʋơ࡫ɢȶɽʋʠɭŔȍȟŔ࡫ ࡧƒȍŔƇȍŔơɭȇơȥʋơƎŔʽǫˊȶȇ࡫ŹŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇʋŔȇǫǫȍŔƃŔˊŔȥǬʋ
ŹŔȍȟʠȟʠȇŔʋǬȍǬǐǬ ˊȶȇ
-¥ơnjŔʋǫʽǫ˖ȟࢎǠŔɭơȇơʋơʋʋǫɭȟơˊơˊɃȥơȍǫȇʋʧȟ ࡧ¥ɃɭȶȍȶǿǫȇŹʠȍnjʠʽơɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬȥȶȍȟŔɽǬ
ƇŔŹŔȍŔɭŔƎǫɭơȥƇnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭ࡫ˊơȟơ˖࡫ǫƇȟơ˖࢏ ࡧáơɭǫȥŔʋŔȍʋɭŔʽȟŔɃˊȇʧɽʧ
-þơȇF‘þơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠȶȍŔȥʽơF‘þࢫˊơơȥǫˊǫˊŔȥǬʋ ࡧࠂˊǬȍǫƇǫȥƎơǠǫƇɭơȟǫɽˊȶȥȶȍȟŔȟŔɽǬ࡫Ƈȶȇ
ʽơɭơȥʋǫɢʋǫɭࡲ ɭơȍŔɢɽȍŔɭȍŔnjǫʋȟơɽǫ

 þơƎŔʽǫ
-7ơɽʋơȇȍơˊǫƃǫɢɽǫȇȶʋơɭŔɢǫ࡫ƎŔʽɭŔȥǬʂʋơɭŔɢǫȍơɭ
ࢎऋ࢏òơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭ -ȥʋǫɢɽǫȇȶʋǫȇȍơɭ
ࡧqŔȍȍʧɽǫȥŔɽˊȶȥࡪƒʂǫʋɽơȍ࡫njɃɭɽơȍ࡫ȇȶȇʠ࡫ƎȶȇʠȥȟŔࡲ
ࡧqơ˖ơˊŔȥࡪáơɭɽơȇʧɽˊȶȥ࡫ɢŔɭŔȥȶǫƎ࡫njɭŔȥƎǫˊɃ˖ʽɽࡲ 
ࡧƃŔˊǫɢ7ŔʽɭŔȥǬʂࡪnjɭơɽˊȶȥ࡫ȇȶȥʠʂȟŔƎŔ þŔɭƎǫʽ7ǫɽȇǫȥơ˖ǫ
Ǝʧ˖ơȥɽǫ˖ȍǫȇࡲ -¶ɭŔljŔɽǫˊŔȍȍǫȥnjʠŔȍǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭȍơȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơ
ࡧ‘ŔʋŔʋȶȥǫ -%Ŕ˖ŔȍnjŔȥnjȍǫȶȥȍŔɭȍŔƎȶɢŔȟǫȥǠǫɢơɭɽơȥɽǫʋǫʽǫʋơɽǫ
 -‘ȍȶ˖ŔɢǫȥǠŔɭƃǫȥƎơȇǫǫȍŔƇȍŔɭȍŔȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

ࢎ-࢏òơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭ 
ࡧljljơȇʋǫlj‘ʧȥʋȍʧȇࡪ7ʠˊnjʠȍŔȥǬȟƎŔŔ˖ŔȍȟŔ࡫ ¥ɃɭȶȍơɢʋǫȇȟŔȍǫnjȥɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
ȇʧȥʋȍơʂȟơ -¶ʋȶȟǫȇƎǫɽljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥ࡫Ǡǫɢơɭʋơɭȟǫ࡫ɭǫǿǫƎǫʋơ࡫ŹǫȍǫȥƇ
ࡧȍȶǿǫࡪ‘ȶȥʠʂȟŔƎŔʽơƎʧʂʧȥƃơƎơljŔȇǫɭȍơʂȟơ ŹʠȍŔȥǬǐǬʽơȟˊȶnjȍȶŹǫȥơȟǫ
ࡧɽȶɽˊŔȍȍǫȇࡪʂǬɭǬǫƇơȇŔɢŔȥȟŔ࡫ʋȶɢȍʠȟƎŔȥ -7Ŕȥʋɭȶȍơȥ
Ƈơȇǫȥȟơ


÷ǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫljȶɭȟŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇࡪ%ơȍǫɭʋǫȍơɭࠀ–ࠅŔˊŔɭŔɽǬ
ƒˊǫáɭȶnjȥȶ˖ ɽʧɭơɭࡲ%ʠȥʠȥƎǬʂǬȥƎŔʂǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫƎơȥljŔɭȇǬˊȶȇʋʠɭࡲ
ࡧeơƇŹŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇࢎࠁ߿-ࠁࠄ࢏
ࡧáɭơɽǫɢǫʋơơƎơȥljŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭǫȥȶȍȟŔɽǬ ‘ǬɽŔɢɽǫȇȶʋǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇࡪ÷ǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫˊơŹơȥ˖ơɭ
ࡧȇʠʋŹŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇ ɢɽǫȇȶʋǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇऋࠀnjʧȥ–ࠀŔˊŔɭŔɽǬ
ࡧljljơȇʋǫljɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬȥȶȍȟŔɽǬࢎɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơƎơɢɭơɽǫlj
ɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭ࢏ ÷ǫ˖ȶŔljljơȇʋǫlj%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ
ࡧǫȍơɃˊȇʧɽʧȥƎơŔljljơȇʋǫljǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇǠǫȇŔˊơɽǫ -÷ǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫऋȟŔȥǫࡸƎơɢɭơɽˊȶȥ

117
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

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ʽơɢɽǫȇȶʋǫȇŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬȥȶȍƎʠǐʠơȥŔ˖ࠁǠŔljʋŔȍǬȇ ࡧqŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥहࠄ߿ࢫɽǫȥƎơȟǫʋɭŔȍʽŔȍʽɢɭȶȍŔɢɽʠɽʠ
ƎɃȥơȟnjơɭơȇȍǫƎǫɭࡲ njɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
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þơƎŔʽǫࡪƒȟǫɢɭŔȟǫȥࢎơȥơʋȇǫȍǫ࢏࡫òòèzࢫȍŔɭȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
ŔˊɭǬȟǬƎǬɭࡲ


ĵŔˊnjǬȥȥȇɽǫˊơʋơ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ
òŔȥɭǬɽŔȍŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇࢎɢŔɭŔȥȶˊŔ࡫ɢŔɭŔȥȶǫƎŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ࢏
-qơɭơʋȇǫȥȍǫȇǠŔȇȇǬȥƎŔǠơɭ˖ŔȟŔȥŔʂǬɭǬŔȥȇɽǫˊơʋơ࡫
-òǫɽʋơȟŔʋǫ˖ơ࡫Ǝʧ˖ơȥȍǫɽŔȥɭǬȍŔɭऋ ǫɭɭǫʋŔŹǫȍǫʋơ࡫Ǡʠ˖ʠɭɽʠ˖ȍʠȇࡲ
-eɭŔȥƎǫˊɃ˖ࢎơȥɽǬȇ࢏࡫ɢơɭɽơȇʧʋʠŔɭ࡫ơɭȶʋȶȟŔȥǫȇ -FȥŔ˖ࠀŔˊɽʧɭơȍǫࡲ
-qŔȍǫɽʧȍŔɽˊȶȥˊȶȇ -þơƎŔʽǫƎơŹơȥ˖ȶƎǫŔ˖ơɢǫȥȍơɭࡲ

 

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áɽǫȇȶ˖ȥơʽɭȶ˖ŔˊɭǬȟǬࡪáɭŔʋǫȇʋơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔȥŹǫɭɃȍƇʧʋ ŹʠȍŔʂȟŔ࡫ȇʠʂȇʠ࢏
ȶȍŔɭŔȇ࡫ȇǫʂǫɭŔǠŔʋɽǬ˖ȍǬǐǬȥǬȥljŔɭȇǬȥƎŔǫɽơ࡫ˊŔȥǫǫƇ -‘ȶȟɢʠȍɽǫˊȶȥࡪ¶ƎʧʂʧȥƃơˊǫˊŔɢȟŔࢎơȥɽǬȇơȍ
njɃɭʧȥʋʧɽʧȥʧȟʠǠŔljŔ˖ŔơƎǫˊȶɭǫɽơȥơʽɭȶ˖ȶȍŔɭŔȇ ˊǬȇŔȟŔ࢏
ɽǬȥǬljȍŔȥƎǬɭǬȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ þơƎŔʽǫƎơơȥɽǬȇȇȍȶȟǫɢɭŔȟǫȥ࡫òòèzȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
 
ȥȇɽǫˊơʋơ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭǬ ࡧ%ǫɭǫȇʋǫɭǫƃǫȍǫȇ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ
ࡧáŔȥǫȇŔȥȇɽǫˊơʋơ ࡧ7ơɭǫĵȶȍȟŔ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ
ࡧbȶŹǫ
ࡧ¶ŹɽơɽǫljȇȶȟɢʠȍɽǫljŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇࢎ¶‘%࢏ 
ࡧĵŔˊnjǬȥŔȥȇɽǫˊơʋơŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ
¶Źɽơɽǫlj-‘ȶȟɢʠȍɽǫlj%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇʋŔȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔȥ
ࡧáȶɽʋʋɭŔʽȟŔʋǫȇɽʋɭơɽŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠࢎþɭŔʽȟŔɽȶȥɭɽǬࠀ
ɽŔʽʠȥȟŔȟơȇŔȥǫ˖ȟŔȍŔɭǬ
ŔˊnjơƇȟơȍǫ࢏
ࡧȇʠʋɽʋɭơɽŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠࢎþɭŔʽȟŔɽȶȥɭŔɽǬǫȍȇࠀŔˊ ĵŔɢȟŔ-%ȶ˖ȟŔࢎčȥƎȶǫȥnj࢏ࡪ‘ʠɽʠɭȍʠƎŔʽɭŔȥǬʂȍŔɭǬȟǬ˖
ǫƇǫȥƎơ࢏ ǫƇǫȥƎǫȍơƎǫǐǫȟǫ˖Ƀ˖ʧɭȍơɭ࡫njʧȥŔǠȍŔɭǬȟǬ˖ŔȇŔɭʂǬȍǬȇ
ʽơɭƎǫǐǫȟǫ˖ɽŔƎŔȇŔȍŔɭࡲ
òȶȟŔʋȶljȶɭȟ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭࢎòȶȟŔʋǫljŹơȍǫɭʋǫʽơǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫ
Źȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭ࢏ %ŔɽʋǬɭȟŔࢎèơɢɭơɽɽǫȶȥ࢏ࡪȥǬʽơƎơȥơˊǫȟȍơɭǫȥŹǫȍǫȥƇ
ࡧòȶȟŔʋǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ ƎǬʂǬȥŔǫʋǫȍȟơɽǫʽơȶɭŔƎŔʋʠʋʠȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ȶȥʽơɭɽǫˊȶȥ
ࡧqǫɢȶȇȶȥƎɭǫŔ˖ǫɽࢎqŔɽʋŔȍǬȇ‘ŔˊnjǬɽǬ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ࢏ ‘ŔɭʂǬʋþơɢȇǫ‘ʠɭȟŔࢎèơŔƃʋǫȶȥ- bȶɭȟŔʋǫȶȥ࢏ࡪ‘ǫʂǫ࡫
ࡧĪʧƃʠʋƎǫɽȟȶɭljǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ ȇơȥƎǫǫƇǫȥƎơȇǫŹǫȍǫȥƇƎǬʂǬƎʧɭʋʧʽơơǐǫȍǫȟȍơɭǫȥʋŔȟ
ࡧˊɭǬʂȟŔȟǬʂɽȶȟŔʋȶljȶɭȟŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ ȇŔɭʂǬʋǬʋơɢȇǫȍơɭʽơɭơɭơȇƎơŹơȥȍǫǐǫȥǫɽŔʽʠȥŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧǐɭǬŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠࢎáɽǫȇȶǿơȥǫȇŔǐɭǬɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ࢏ Äɭȥơǐǫȥ࡫ǫƇǫȥƎơȇǫȇǫȥ࡫ȥơljɭơʋʽơȇŔŹŔȍǬȇ
ơǐǫȍǫȟȍơɭǫȥơȇŔɭʂǬȇǫʂǫ࡫ŔʂǬɭǬƎơɭơƃơƎơȇǫŹŔɭʽơ
 ȥŔ˖ǫȇࡲ
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ƎŔƎʠˊnjʠȥʠȥŔɽǬȍȥơɽȥơɽǫȥƎơȥŹŔʂȇŔŹǫɭȥơɽȥơˊơ
-7ǬʂʋơǠʋǫƎơȇŔɭʂǬŔŹŔɭʋǬȍǬʋơɢȇǫऋ
ˊɃȥơʋǫȍȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲáŔʋɭȶȥŔȇǬ˖ǬɢŔƃǬɽǬȥǬơʽƎơȇǫȍơɭƎơȥ
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ƇǬȇŔɭȟŔࡲ
-eŔŹŔŔ˖ŔȍȟǬʂ
-òơɭȶʋȶȥǫȥʽơȥɃɭơɢǫȥơɭljǫȥƎʧ˖ơˊǫŔɭʋȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ 
 áȶɽʋʋɭŔʽȟŔʋǫȇòʋɭơɽ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ
áŔȥǫȇ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ -¶ȍŔǐŔȥƎǬʂǬʋɭŔʽȟŔऋ
ࡧࠁ߿ˊŔʂ࡫ȇŔƎǬȥࡲ -7ʧʂʧȥƃơȍơɭƎơʋơȇɭŔɭʋơȇɭŔɭˊŔʂŔȥǬɭࡲ
ࡧ¥ơljơɽƎŔɭȍǬȍǐǬ࡫ƇŔɭɢǬȥʋǬ࡫njɃǐʧɽŔǐɭǬɽǬ࡫ȥơljơɽ -þơɢȇǫȍơɭƎơŔ˖ŔȍȟŔ࡫ƎʧȥˊŔǫȍơǫȍnjǫŔ˖ŔȍǬɭࡲ
ŔȍŔȟŔȟŔǠǫɽɽǫ࡫ˊʠʋȟŔnjʧƇȍʧǐʧ -¶ŹɽơɽǫljǠŔʋǬɭȍŔȟŔ

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ɽʧɭơɭɽơŔȇʠʋɽʋɭơɽŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠƎʠɭࡲ࢏
 njơʋǫɭȟơ
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- Ä˖njʧȍljȶŹǫࡪȥơɽȥơʽơˊŔƎʠɭʠȟ
- òȶɽˊŔȍljȶŹǫࡪòȶɽˊŔȍȶɭʋŔȟȍŔɭƎŔȥʽơǫȥɽŔȥȍŔɭȍŔ
ŹǫɭŔɭŔƎŔŹʠȍʠȥȟŔȇʋŔȥȟŔȥʋǬȇƎǬʂǬȇȶɭȇʠʽơ
ȇŔƇǬȥȟŔǫȍơȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ
-bȶŹǫƎơơȥơʋȇǫȍǫʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫɽʋơȟǫȇ
Ǝơɽơȥɽǫʋǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲ
ƒȍŔƇȍŔɭƎŔȥơȥơʋȇǫȍǫȶȍŔȥȍŔɭ¡¶ǫȥǠǫŹǫʋɃɭȍơɭǫ
ࢎȟŔȇȍȶŹơȟǫƎơ࢏ʽơɢɭȶɢɭŔȥŔȍȶȍƎʠɭࡲ
 ŔȍǬɭȍŔɭࡲ
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ƎʠˊɽŔȍ࡫ʽȶȇŔȍȇȶɭƎɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫɽǫ࡫njȍȶŹʠɽǠǫɽʋơɭǫȇʠɽʽɽࡲ࢏
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ŹơȍȍơǫȥƎǫljơɭơȥƃơnjʧ˖ơȍŔȍƎǬɭȟŔ˖ȍǬȇ࢏

òȶȟŔʋǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ
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- eơȥǫʋȶʧɭǫȥơɭɽơȟɢʋȶȟ
- áɽɃƎȶȥɃɭȶȍȶǿǫȇɽơȟɢʋȶȟࢇɝŔɧƟɷʄƟˏǨ࡬ɝŔɧŔȊǨˏǨ࡬
ŸŔ˃ǩȊȜŔ࡬NJȾɧȜƟȜƟ࢈
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ƎŔʽɭŔȥǬȍȟŔ˖࡮
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qǫɢȶȇȶȥƎɭǫŔ˖ǫɽࢎqŔɽʋŔȍǬȇ‘ŔˊnjǬɽǬ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ࢏
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ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐŔɽŔǠǫɢȶȍƎʠǐʠǫȥŔȥƃǬǫȍơ˖ǫǠȥǫȥǫȟơʂnjʠȍ
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ĪʧƃʠʋƎǫɽȟȶɭljǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ
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Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
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ˊŔɢȟŔǫɽʋơǐǫȥǫƎʠɭƎʠɭŔȟŔȟŔ࡫ŔȍǬʂȇŔȥȍǬȇǠŔȍǫȥơ
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ƒȥʋơɭȟǫʋʋŔȥɢŔʋȍŔˊǬƃǬŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇ
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‘ȍơɢʋȶȟŔȥǫࡪ1ŔȍȟŔࢎǠǬɭɽǬ˖ȍǬȇ࢏ǫɽʋơǐǫȥơȟŔȥǫ
ȶȍŔȟŔ˖ࡲ
áǫɭȶȟŔȥǫࡪĵŔȥnjǬȥƇǬȇŔɭȟŔ࡫ŔʋơʂȍơȶˊȥŔȟŔȇʋŔȥǠŔ˖
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-qơɭǠŔȥnjǫŹǫɭǫǫȍơ࡫ɢŔɭŔɽǬȥǬȥʋŔȟŔȟǬȥŔȇʠȟŔɭ
ȶˊȥŔɭࡲ
þɭǫȇȶʋǫȍȍȶȟŔȥǫŔ
-òŔƇȇȶɢŔɭȟŔʽơˊơȟơŔȍǬʂȇŔȥȍǬǐǬࢎŹơȥ˖ơɭ࢏


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‘ʧȟơɽǫ‘ǫʂǫȍǫȇ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭǬ
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ɭŔǐȟơȥɢɽǫȇȶ˖ˊȶȇʋʠɭࡲòȶɽˊŔȍǫȍǫʂȇǫȍơɭƎơȥ
ȇŔƇǬȥǬɭȍŔɭࡲþʠǠŔljʽơơȇɽŔȥʋɭǫȇȇǫʂǫȍǫȇɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭǫɃȥ
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- ƒƇơȇŔɢŔȥǬȇ

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ŹŔʂȇŔȍŔɭǬȥŔnjʧʽơȥȟơ˖ࡲáŔɭʋȥơɭȍơɭǫȥǫ
ɽŔƎŔȇŔʋɽǫ˖ȍǫȇȍơɽʠƇȍŔɭ࡫ʂʧɢǠơƃǫƎǫɭ࡫ȇǫȥŹơɽȍơɭࡲ
-ࠁࠄˊŔʂǬȥƎŔơɭȇơȇǠŔɽʋŔ࡫ǫʂŔɭȇŔƎŔʂȍŔɭǬȥǬȥȶȥʠȥ
ɽǬɭȍŔɭǬȥǬŔƇǬǐŔʽʠɭƎʠȇȍŔɭǬȥǬʽơơʂǫȥǫȥƎơȶȥȍŔɭȍŔ
ŹǫɭȍǫȇȶȍŔŹǫȍơƃơǐǫȥǫɽɃˊȍʧˊȶɭࡲ

- òȶɽˊŔȍƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭ࡫ŔǫȍơɽǫƎǬʂǬȥƎŔǠơɭǠŔȥnjǫŹǫɭˊŔȇǬȥ
ǫȍǫʂȇǫɽǫˊȶȇʋʠɭ࡫ƎʠˊnjʠɽŔȍʋơɢȇǫȍơɭǫˊʧ˖ơˊơȍƎǫɭࡲ
-ࠂ߿ˊŔʂǬȥƎŔơɭȇơȇǠŔɽʋŔ࡫ȶɭȟŔȥƎŔˊŔȍȥǬ˖
njơ˖ȟơȇʋơȥ˖ơʽȇŔȍƎǬǐǬȥǬɽɃˊȍʧˊȶɭ࡫ŔǫȍơɽǫǠǫƇ
ŔɭȇŔƎŔʂǬȶȍȟŔƎǬǐǬȥǬŹơȍǫɭʋǫˊȶɭࡲ

÷ǫ˖ȶʋǫɢŔȍ
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ƎʧʂʧȥƃơȍơɭơǫȥŔȥǬɭࢎŔȍʋǬȥƃǬǠǫɽ࡫njŔɭǫɢʋơȥ
ǠŔŹơɭŔȍȟŔ࢏࡫ˊŔȍȥǬ˖ʽơȇʠʂȇʠƃʠƎʠɭࡲ
-Ä˖ŹŔȇǬȟǬǫˊǫȶȍȟŔˊŔȥࠂࠄˊŔʂǬȥƎŔȇǫȇŔƎǬȥǠŔɽʋŔ࡫
ŹǫɭƇȶȇʂơˊǫɃȥƃơƎơȥʋŔǠȟǫȥơƎơŹǫȍƎǫǐǫȥǫɽɃˊȍʧˊȶɭ࡫
ɢŔ˖ŔɭʋơɽǫnjʧȥȍơɭǫŔɽȍŔɢơƎǫŔʋɭǫƇŔȍǬʂȟǬˊȶɭࡲ

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7ʠˊnjʠɽŔȍ࡫ƎɭŔȟŔʋǫȇ࡫ȟȶȶƎŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭǬˊȍŔ࡫ǫȍŔƇ
ŹŔǐǬȟȍǬȍǬǐǬʽơɽơȟŔʋȶljȶɭʠȟŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭȍŔnjơȥơʋǫȇ
ʽơˊŔljŔȟǫȍˊŔȍǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫࡲ
ȥʋǫɽȶɽˊŔȍ
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ʋʠʋʠȇȍŔȥȟŔǠǫȇŔˊơɽǫ࡫ˊŔȍŔȥɽɃˊȍơȟơ࡫Źǫɭǫʂǫɽʧɭơȇȍǫ
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ƎǫȇǫʂʋʠʋʋʠɭŔȟŔȟǬʂ࡫ƎơljŔȍŔɭƃŔơɽɭŔɭȇʠȍȍŔȥȟŔȇʋŔȥ
ʽơȇʧƇʧȇǠǬɭɽǬ˖ȍǬȇȍŔɭƎŔȥˊŔȇŔȍŔȥȟǬʂࡲ
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ŔˊŔɭʋǬƃǬ࡫ʋơȍȇǫȥơˊŔʋȇǬȥ࡫njɃɽʋơɭǫʂˊŔɢȟŔˊŔƇŔȍǬʂǬɭࡲ
ĵŔɢȟŔƃǬȇ࡫ɽʧɭơȇȍǫƎơǐǫʂơȥʽơˊʧ˖ơˊơȍƎʠˊnjʠȍŔȥǬȟǬ
ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
-ࠁࠇˊŔʂǬȥƎŔȇŔƎǬȥǠŔɽʋŔ࡫ ljɭŔɢŔȥȇǬˊŔljơʋǫʽơ
ŔŹŔɭʋǬȍǬȟŔȇˊŔǿǬˊȍŔƎǫȇȇŔʋƇơȇǫˊȶɭʽơnjɃ˖ȍơɭǫȥǫ
ɽǫ˖ƎơȥŔˊǬɭȟŔƎŔȥnjɃɭƎʧǐʧơȥˊŔȇǬʂǬȇȍǬࡸnjʧ˖ơȍ
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ơȟɢŔʋǫȇʠɭŔȟŔȟŔ
- ‘ǫŹǫɭȍǫʽơȇʧɽʋŔǠŹǫɭʋŔʽɭǬȶȍŔȥȶɭʋŔˊŔʂȍǬȇŔƎǬȥ
ǠŔɽʋŔ࡫ȇơȥƎǫɽǫȥơǫˊǫŹǫɭɢɭȶljơɽɃɭʧȥŹŔȇȟŔɽǬ
njơɭơȇʋǫǐǫȥǫƇʧȥȇʧǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥǬȥƇȶȇɃ˖ơȍȶȍƎʠǐʠȥʠ
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njɃɭȟơ࡫ʋơɭȇơƎǫȍȟơƎơȥȇŔƇȟŔ࡫ȇơȥƎǫȥơ˖ŔɭŔɭ
ʽơɭȟơȶȍŔɽǬȍǬǐǬȶȍŔȥŔȍŔȥȍŔɭƎŔƎʧɭʋʧɽơȍȍǫȇࢎɢŔɭŔ
ǠŔɭƃŔȟŔ࡫ƃǫȥɽơȍȍǫȇ࡫ʠˊʠʂʋʠɭʠƃʠ࢏࡫ǫȥʋǫǠŔɭnjǫɭǫʂǫȟȍơɭǫ
-ࠁࠁˊŔʂǬȥƎŔʧȥǫʽơɭɽǫʋơɽǫɃǐɭơȥƃǫɽǫȇŔƎǬȥ࡫
ɽơʽnjǫȍǫɽǫȥǫȥȇơȥƎǫɽǫȥǫʋơɭȇơƎơŹǫȍơƃơǐǫȥƎơȥ
ȇȶɭȇʋʠǐʠȥʠʽơŹʠȥơƎơȥȍơǫȥʋǫǠŔɭnjǫɭǫʂǫȟǫȥƎơ
ŹʠȍʠȥƎʠǐʠȥʠ࡫ŹʠŔɭŔƎŔɽǫ˖ǫȥȇơȥƎǫɽǫȥǫʂʠŔȥŔ
ȇŔƎŔɭơȥǫˊǫŔȥȍŔˊŔȥƎȶȇʋȶɭȶȍƎʠǐʠȥʠ˖ʠɽɃˊȍʧˊȶɭࡲ
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ŔȥȇɽǫˊơʋơŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭǬǫȍơnjơȥơʋǫȇʽơˊŔljŔȟǫȍˊŔȍ
ǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫ࢏

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- FȍơʂʋǫɭǫȍȟơȇʋơȥŔʂǬɭǬȇȶɭȇȟŔ࡫ŔʂŔǐǬȍǬȇƎʠˊnjʠɽʠ
ʽơɽȶɽˊŔȍƇơȇǫȍȟơʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ
-ɭȇŔƎŔʂȍŔɭǬʋŔɭŔljǬȥƎŔȥɢŔɽǫljʽơʠˊɽŔȍȶȍŔɭŔȇ
ʋŔȥǬȟȍŔȥŔȥࠂ߿ˊŔʂǬȥƎŔȇǫȇŔƎǬȥǠŔɽʋŔ࡫ˊơȥǫ
ɽȶɭʠȟȍʠȍʠȇȍŔɭŔȍŔƃŔǐǬǫƇǫȥʽơơȍơʂʋǫɭǫȍơŹǫȍơƃơǐǫ
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ǫƇǫȥŹǫȍơŹŔʂȇŔȍŔɭǬȥǬȥɃǐʧʋȍơɭǫȥơǫǠʋǫˊŔƃǬʽŔɭƎǬɭ࡫
ŹŔʂȇŔȍŔɭǬȥǬȥǫɽʋơȇȍơɭǫȥơˊŔȍȥǬ˖ȇŔȍŔƃŔǐǬȇȶɭȇʠɽʠǫȍơ
Źȶˊʠȥơǐơɭ࡫ȇơȥƎǫŹŔʂǬȥŔǠŔˊŔʋǬȥǬɽʧɭƎʧɭơȟơ˖ࡲ
-ࠁࠇˊŔʂǬȥƎŔȇŔƎǬȥǠŔɽʋŔ࡫ȇȶƃŔɽǬʋŔɭŔljǬȥƎŔȥơʽƎơ
ȶȍʠɢŹǫʋơȥǠơɭʂơˊǫŔȥȥơɽǫȥơŔȥȍŔʋȟŔȇʋŔʽơ
ŔȥȥơɽǫȥǫȥǠơɭƎơƎǫǐǫȥǫˊŔɢȟŔȇȍŔɽʠƇȍŔȥǬˊȶɭࡲ
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ƎǫɭơȥǫʂnjɃɽʋơɭǫɭ࡫ǫʂǫŔǐǬɭƎŔȥŔȍǬɭȍŔɭ࡫ǫȥŔʋƇǬƎǬɭȍŔɭ࡫
ŔȍŔˊƃǬƎǬɭȍŔɭࡲþŔȇƎǫɭơƎǫȍȟơȟơȇʽơŔȍƎŔʋǬȍȟŔȇʋŔȥ
ˊŔȇǬȥǬɭȍŔɭࡲ
-ࠂࠅˊŔʂǬȥƎŔơɭȇơȇǠŔɽʋŔ࡫ɢŔʋɭȶȥʠȥʠȥɽʧɭơȇȍǫ
ȇơȥƎǫɽǫȥƎơȥ˖ȶɭǫʂȍơɭǫɽʋơƎǫǐǫȥǫ࡫ŹʠȥơƎơȥȍơˊŔʽŔʂ
ƇŔȍǬʂʋǬǐǬȥǬ࡫ŔȥƃŔȇʽơɭǫȍơȥnjɃɭơʽȍơɭơȇŔɭʂǬ
ƇǬȇȟŔƎǬǐǬȥǬɽɃˊȍʧˊȶɭࡲ
¶Źɽơɽǫlj– ‘ȶȟɢʠȍɽǫlj
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ʠǐɭŔʂȟŔ࡫Źȶʂ˖ŔȟŔȥȍŔɭǬȥǬƎŔǫʂơŔƎŔȟŔ࡫ơɽȇǫ
ơʂˊŔȍŔɭǬȥǬŔʋŔȟŔȟŔ࡫ƃǫȟɭǫʽơǫȥŔʋƇǬࡲ
-¶ɭʋŔˊŔʂȍǬơɭȇơȇǠŔɽʋŔ࡫ơʂǫȥǫȥȇơȥƎǫɽǫȥǫƃǫȟɭǫȍǫǐǫ
ˊʧ˖ʧȥƎơȥʋơɭȇơʋʋǫǐǫȥǫ࡫ȶˊɽŔơʂǫȥǫȥǠǫƇŹǫɭ˖ŔȟŔȥ
njơɭơȇɽǫ˖ȍŔȟŹŔȍŔɭǬȇŔɢŔʋȟŔɽǬnjơɭơȇʋǫǐǫȥǫ
ŔȥȍŔȟŔƎǬǐǬȥǬʽơŹʠȥʠȥƃǫȟɭǫȍǫȇƎơǐǫȍƎʧ˖ơȥ
ȶȍƎʠǐʠȥʠɽɃˊȍʧˊȶɭࡲ

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ŸȲˏʙȄȊʙȄʄʙɧࡲࢨ ƎʠˊnjʠƎʠɭʠȟࡲ
 ࠁ࢏Fɢǫ˖ȶƎɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥơȥŔ˖ࠂࢫʧ
¡Ŕǿȶɭ7ơɢɭơɽˊȶȥ ȶȍȟŔȍƎǬǬɭࡲ
-1ɃȇȇʧȥƎʠˊnjʠƎʠɭʠȟ࡫˖ơʽȇŔȍŔȟŔȟŔ

-òơɭŔʋȶȥǫȥŔ˖ŔȍȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ
ࡧ%ơȥȍǫȇɽŔˊnjǬɽǬȥƎŔŔɭʋȟŔɽǬ࡫njɭŔȥƎǫˊȶ˖ǫʋơ
- òŔȥɭǬࢎƎơǐơɭɽǫ˖ȍǫȇ࡫ɽʠƇȍʠȍʠȇ࡫ɢơɭɽơȇʧɽˊȶȥ
ࡧčˊȇʠǫǠʋǫˊŔƃǬŔ˖ŔȍȟŔ
ɽŔȥɭǬȍŔɭǬ࢏ǠŔȍʧɽǫȥŔɽˊȶȥࢎɽʠƇȍŔˊǬƃǬȇȶȥʠʂȟŔȍŔɭ࢏
ࡧ‘ȶȥʠʂȇŔȥȍǬȇ࡫ŹŔɽǬȥƇȍǬȇȶȥʠʂȟŔ
ơʂȍǫȇơƎơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࡧbǫȇǫɭʠƇʠʂȟŔɽǬ
-qŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥहࠅ߿ࢫǬȥƎŔǫȥʋǫǠŔɭƎʧʂʧȥƃơȍơɭǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ ࡧ7ǫȇȇŔʋǫȥȇȶȍŔˊȍǬȇȍŔƎŔǐǬȍŔŹǫȍȟơɽǫ
-ƒȍŔƇʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥơŹŔʂȍŔƎǬȇʋŔȥɽȶȥɭŔǫȥʋǫǠŔɭơƎơɭȍơɭࡲ ࡧFʋȇǫȥȍǫȇŔɭʋǬʂǬ࡫ɢɽǫȇȶȟȶʋȶɭȶǿǫʋŔɽˊȶȥ
ࡧŁơʽȇʽơɭơȥɭǫɽȇȍǫǫʂȍơɭơȇŔʋǬȍȟŔ
þơƎŔʽǫࡪƒȍŔƇࢎǫȍȇɽơƇơȥơȇ࢏࡫ɢɽǫȇȶʋơɭŔɢǫ࡫F‘þࢎŔȇʠʋ
ʋơƎŔʽǫ࡫ǫȥʋǫǠŔɭɭǫɽȇǫऋ࢏ ࠂ࢏qŔɽʋŔȥǬȥɽȶɽˊŔȍʽơȟơɽȍơȇǫǫʂȍơʽɽơȍȍǫǐǫȥƎơ
Źȶ˖ʠȍȟŔȶȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ


7ǫɽʋǫȟǫ
-¡ŔǿȶɭƎơɢɭơɽˊȶȥƎŔȥƎŔǠŔŔ˖ʂǫƎƎơʋȍǫƇɃȇȇʧȥ ¡ŔȥǫòơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬ
ƎʠˊnjʠƎʠɭʠȟऋ ࡧʂǬɭǬɢŔɭŔǠŔɭƃŔȟŔ࡫ǠǫɢơɭɽơȇɽʧŔȍǫʋơ࡫ǫʂʋŔǠɽǬ˖ȍǬȇ࡫
- FȥŔ˖ࠁˊǬȍɽʧɭȟơȍǫ ǫȥɽȶȟȥǫŔ࡫ɢŔɭǬȍʋǬȍǬnjǫˊɽǫȍơɭʽɽࡲ
-ࠁŔˊƎŔȥƎŔǠŔljŔ˖ȍŔǫˊǫȍǫȇǠŔȍǫȶȍȟŔ˖ࡲ ࡧòŔȥɭǬȍŔɭऋࢎnjɭŔȥƎǫˊɃ˖࡫ɢŔɭŔȥȶǫƎ࡫ơɭȶʋȶȟŔȥǫȇ࢏

 

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FȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ ŔƇǬƎŔȥ¥ŔnjǫŹǫƎŔʽɭŔȥǬɭࡲ
ࡧ¡ŔǿȶɭƎơɢɭơɽˊȶȥ ࡧþơɭŔɢɃʋǫȇǫȥƎơȇɽǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ‘ŔȥƎʧ˖ơˊǫȇȶȥʋɭȶȍ
ࡧ‘ŔʋŔʋȶȥǫȇʂǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫ ơƎǫȍơɭơȇƎȶ˖ʠŔˊŔɭȍŔȥȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧ¡Ŕȥǫ ࡧ¡ŔȥǫŔʋŔǐǬʽơɢɭȶljǫȍŔȇɽǫɽǫȥƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧèǫǿǫƎǫʋơ
ࡧeơŹơƎơɢɭơɽˊȶȥǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬ ĵŔȥơʋȇǫȍơɭǫ
ezòࡪ%ʠȍŔȥʋǬ–ȇʠɽȟŔ࡫ƎǫˊŔɭơ࡫ǫʂʋŔǠɽǬ˖ȍǬȇ
‘ȶȥʋɭơƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ þɭơȟȶɭࡪþơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơɢɭȶɢɭȶȥȶȍȶȍȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧeơȥơȍŔȥơɽʋơɽǫȇȶȥʋɭơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ þơɭȶǿơȥƎǫɭʽơɽʧʋơnjơƇơɭࡲࢎbȍȶɢɢˊŹŔŹˊɽơȥƎɭȶȟ࢏ࡲ
ࡧ‘ŔljŔǫƇǫŹŔɽǬȥƃǬŔɭʋǬɭŔȥȇǫʋȍơ ƒȍȇʋɭǫȟơɽʋơɭƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȟǬȇŔȍɢʋơFŹɽʋơǫȥȥȶȟŔȍǫɽǫ
ࡧĵơȥǫnjơƇǫɭǫȍȟǫʂȟˊȶȇŔɭƎǫȥljŔɭȇʋʧɽʧ ˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
ࡧʋơʂ࡫ŔɭǫʋȟǫʽơʂǫƎƎơʋȍǫǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ
ࡧȥȇɽǫˊơʋơʽơljȶŹǫƎơʠˊnjʠȍŔȥȟŔ˖ 

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ࡧ%ơȥȍǫȇˊŔɢǬɽǬएʽʧƃʠʋŔǐǬɭȍǬǐǬ
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ࡧ%ǫɢȶȍŔɭࠀŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇࡪ÷ǫƎƎơʋȍǫ¡Ŕȥǫऋ7ơɢɭơɽǫlj ࡧ1ȶȇljŔ˖ȍŔˊơȟơʽơȇȶȥʋɭȶȍơƎơȟơȟơ
Fɢǫ˖ȶƎ ࡧ‘ǫȍȶŔȍȟŔˊǬơȥnjơȍȍơȟơȇǫƇǫȥȇʠɽȟŔ࡫ȍɃȇɽŔʋǫlj
ࡧ%ǫɢȶȍŔɭࠁŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇࡪ¡ŔǿȶɭƎơɢɭơɽˊȶȥऋǠǫɢȶȟŔȥǫ ȇʠȍȍŔȥȟŔʽơˊŔŔʂǬɭǬơnj˖ơɭɽǫ˖
ࡧqǬ˖ȍǬnjɃȥƎʧȍʧŹǫɢȶȍŔɭŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇࡪऑࠃࡸˊǬȍơɢǫ˖ȶƎ ࡧFȥŔ˖ࠂŔˊǠŔljʋŔƎŔࠁࢎŔɭʋǬȇࠀ࢏ȇơ˖Źʠơɢǫ˖ȶƎȍŔɭǬȥ
ࡧòǫȇȍȶʋǫȟǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇࡪqŔljǫljƎơɢɭơɽˊȶȥऋǠǫɢȶȟŔȥǫ

121
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

ȶȍȟŔɽǬ
ࡧȥȶɭơȇɽǫȇǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭŔnjɃɭơƎŔǠŔɽǫȥǫɭȍǫƎǫɭȍơɭࡲ
ࡧ1ȶȇˊơȟơȍơɭǫȥơɭŔǐȟơȥȥȶɭȟŔȍȇǫȍȶƎŔʽơˊŔ˖ŔˊǬlj
ȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭȍơɭࡲ

7ǫɽɽȶɽǫˊŔʋǫlj%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭ
eơȥơȍɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭ࡫ɢɽǫȇȶȍȶǿǫȇȥơƎơȥȍơɭȍơȶɭʋŔˊŔ
ƇǬȇŔȥŹơȍȍơȇ࡫ŹǫȍǫȥƇ࡫ȇǫȟȍǫȇʽơˊŔƇơʽơȥǫȥ
ŔȍnjǬȍŔȥȟŔɽǬȥǬȥȇŔˊŹǬƎǬɭࡲ
qơɭǠŔȥnjǫŹǫɭŹơˊǫȥǠŔɽŔɭǬɽɃ˖ȇȶȥʠɽʠƎơǐǫȍƎǫɭࡲ
ࠀࡲȟȥơ˖ǫࡪơȥɽǬȇࡤ
ࠁࡲ1ȶǐʠȍȇǫʂǫȍǫȇ
ࠂࡲbʧnjࡪqŔɽʋŔ࡫Ǡơɭ˖ŔȟŔȥȇǫơʽǫȥƎơȥʽơˊŔǫʂǫȥƎơȥ
ʠ˖ŔȇŹǫɭˊơɭơ࡫Ŕȥǫ࡫ŹơȇȍơȥȟơƎǫȇɽơˊŔǠŔʋȍơɭơ ƇǬȇŔɭࡲ
ࠃࡲ7ơɢơɭɽȶȥŔȍǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥࢎ7ơɢơɭɽȶȥŔȍǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥࡸ
ƎơɭơŔȍǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥ࢏ࡪ‘ǫʂǫȥǫȥȇơȥƎǫɽǫʽơˊŔŹơƎơȥǫȥƎơȥ
ɽʧɭơȇȍǫʽơˊǫȥơȍơˊǫƃǫŔˊɭǬȍȟŔǠǫɽɽǫȥǫˊŔʂŔȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
 ǫȍơɭȍơˊǫƃǫ࡫ŔȍʋʋŔˊŔʋŔȥɽȶȟŔʋǫȇɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫǫȥʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ
7ơȍǫɭˊʠȟ࡫7ơȟŔȥɽʽơȟȥơɽʋǫȇ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭ
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ʋŔȥǬȇȶˊƎʠɭŔȥŔɽǬȍljŔȇʋɃɭŹǫȍǫȥƇŹʠȍŔȥǬȇȍǬǐǬƎǬɭࡲ
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ࢎȟȶʋȶɭŹơƃơɭǫƎơŔ˖ŔȍȟŔ࢏࡫Ŕnjȥȶ˖ǫࢎȥơɽȥơȍơɭǫ
ʋŔȥǬˊŔȟŔȟŔࡸʋŔȥǬȟȍŔˊŔȟŔȟŔ࢏࡫ˊɃȥơʋɽơȍǫʂȍơʽȍơɭƎơ
Źȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇࢎɢȍŔȥȍŔȟŔ࡫ȶɭnjŔȥǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥ࢏
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Źȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠȶȍȟŔȇɽǬ˖ǬȥŔȍnjǬƎŔࢎǠŔȍʧɽǫȥŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭʽơ ࡧȍȇȶȍơŹŔǐȍǬŔȟȥơ˖ǫ
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ࡧʋŔȇɽǫ࡫Ǡȶɭǫ˖ŔȥʋȶȍȥǫɽʋŔnjȟʠɽ࡫ȇȶȥljʧ˖ˊȶȥʽơ
ࠂ࢏ȇʠʋ%ŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇ ȶljʋŔȍȟȶɢȍơǿǫ
ࡧþơƎŔʽǫơƎǫȍȟơɽơ‘ȶɭɽŔȇȶljljɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠȥŔǫȍơɭȍơȟơ

ɭǫɽȇǫʽŔɭࡲ
7ơȍǫɭˊʠȟ ¥ơƎơȥȍơɭǫ
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ǫȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫŔȍơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭ࡫ʋɭŔʽȟŔȍŔɭࡲ ࡧòơŹơɢþǫŔȟǫȥơȇɽǫȇȍǫǐǫƎǫɭࡲ
¡ơʋŔŹȶȍǫȇࡪ‘ŔɭŔƃǫǐơɭ࡫ŹɃŹɭơȇˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫ࡫òǬʽǬ– ࡧqŔɽʋŔȍŔɭǬȥˊŔȍȥǬ˖ƃŔहࠁ߿ȇŔƎŔɭǬǫˊǫȍơʂǫɭࡲ
ơȍơȇʋɭȶȍǫʋŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭǬ࡫ĪǫʋŔȟǫȥơȇɽࡲ ࡧĭơɭȥǫƃȇơơȥɽơljŔȍȶɢŔʋǫɽǫȥơơȇȶȍŔɭŔȇȟȥơ˖ǫऋ
þȶȇɽǫȇࡪȍȇȶȍ࡫ȍǫʋˊʠȟ࡫--7ȶɢŔ࡫ȶɭnjŔȥŔljȶɽljŔʋȍŔɭ࡫ ȇȶȥljȶŹʠȍŔɽˊȶȥ࡮ࢎ‘ȶɭɽŔȇȶljljɢɽǫȇȶ˖ʠȥƎŔŹǫɭơˊ
òʋơɭȶǫƎȍơɭ࡫‘ŔɭŹȶȥȟȶȥȶȇɽǫʋ ŹơȍȍơȇŹȶʂȍʠȇȍŔɭǬȥǬƎȶȍƎʠɭȟŔȇǫƇǫȥȶȍȟŔȟǬʂ
ȶȍŔˊȍŔɭǬŔȥȍŔʋǬɭࡲ࢏
þơƎŔʽǫࡪ7ơȍǫɭˊʠȟŹǫɭɢɽǫȇǫˊŔʋɭǫȇŔƃǫȍƎǫɭࡲ¡ʠʋȍŔȇŔ
ŔȍʋʋŔˊŔʋŔȇȥơƎơȥŹʠȍʠȥʠɢȶɭʋŔƎŔȥȇŔȍƎǬɭǬȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ 
ǿǫʋŔɽˊȶȥƎŔƎʧʂʧȇȍƎȶ˖ǠŔȍȶɢơɭǫƎȶȍʽơɭǫȍǫɭࡲ
¡bFþ¡ƒ¥ƒ¥þ¶‘òƒ‘òĵ¶¥č

ࡧÄljȶɭǫ
7ơȍǫɭˊʠȟþɭơȟơȥɽ ࡧ‘ȶȥɽŔȥʋɭŔɽˊȶȥŔɭʋǬʂǬ
-ȍȇȶȍȇơɽǫȍȟơɽǫɽȶȥʠƃʠȶȍʠʂŔȥƎơȍǫɭˊʠȟƎʠɭࡲ ࡧþɭơȟȶɭ
-þơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơȇȍȶɭƎǫŔ˖ơɢȶȇɽǫʋ࡫ȍȶɭŔ˖ơɢŔȟ ࡧ‘ȶȥljʧ˖ˊȶȥ
ȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ¡ʠȍʋǫʽǫʋŔȟǫȥƎơɽʋơǐǫǫȍơŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơŹȶȍ ࡧ‘ŔȥŹŔɽǬȥƃǬʽơȥŔŹǬ˖ŔɭʋŔɭࡲ
ɽǬʽǬȇŔɭŹȶȥǠǫƎɭŔʋɽǬ˖Ǝǫˊơʋʽơɭǫȍǫɭࡲ ࡧ%ơƎơȥǬɽǬŔɭʋŔɭࡲ
ࡧ‘ŔɽnjʧƇɽʧ˖ȍʧǐʧ

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ࡧ¡ǫƎɭǫˊŔʋǫȇɢʠɢǫȍ
ࡧáŔɭŔȥȶǫƎʂǫ˖ȶljɭơȥǫˊơŹơȥ˖ơɭʋŔŹȍȶࡲ

¡bFþ¡ƒ¥ĵ¶‘òč¥•čhč

ࡧ%ǫʋȇǫȥȍǫȇ
ࡧčˊȇʠɽʠ˖ȍʠȇ࡫ŔʂǬɭǬʠˊȇʠ 
ࡧáɽǫȇȶȟȶʋȶɭɭơʋŔɭƎŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ŔǿǫʋŔɽˊȶȥ

¶áƒþF¥þ¶‘òƒ‘òĵ¶¥č

ࡧȥŔȍǿơ˖ǫ
ࡧòȶȍʠȥʠȟƎơɢɭơɽˊȶȥʠ
ࡧ‘ŔŹǬ˖ȍǬȇ
ࡧ%ʠȍŔȥʋǬ࡫ȇʠɽȟŔ
ࡧ¶ɭʋȶɽʋŔʋǫȇǠǫɢȶʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ
ࡧþȶɢȍʠǫǐȥơŹŔʂǬɢʠɢǫȍ
ࡧáɭʠɭǫʋʠɽ

1


7ò¡Ǝǫ˖njơɽǫȥƎơȇǫࠄơȇɽơȥ

ࠀࡲFȇɽơȥࡪ‘ȍǫȥǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭ
ࠁࡲFȇɽơȥࡪ‘ǫʂǫȍǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭǬ࡫˖ơȇŔnjơɭǫȍǫǐǫ
ࠂࡲFȇɽơȥࡪáɽǫȇǫˊŔʋɭǫƎǬʂǬŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭࢎeơȥơȍʋǬŹŹǫ
ƎʠɭʠȟȍŔɭ࢏%ʠơȇɽơȥǠŔɽʋŔƎŔnjɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍơƃơȇ
ɢɽǫȇǫˊŔʋɭǫƎǬʂǬǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬȥʋŔȥǬȍŔɭǬǫƇǫȥƎǫɭࡲ
ࠃࡲFȇɽơȥࡪáɽǫȇȶɽȶɽˊŔȍʽơƇơʽɭơɽơȍɽȶɭʠȥȍŔɭࡲ
ÄɭȥơǐǫȥɃȥơȟȍǫŹǫɭˊŔȇǬȥǬȥˊǫʋǫȟǫ࡫ǫʂɽǫ˖ȇŔȍȟŔȇ࡫
ŔǐǬɭŹơƎơȥɽơȍˊŔƎŔɭʠǠɽŔȍʋɭŔʽȟŔȍŔɭࡲ
ࠄࡲFȇɽơȥࡪčˊʠȟǫʂȍơȟȍơɭǫȥǫȥʋȶɢȍʠ
ƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭǫȍȟơɽǫࡲ

‘ȶɭơࡪòǬƇɭŔˊǬƃǬǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭ
qơȟǫŹŔȍȍǫɽȟʠɽࡪȟɢȍǫʋʠƎʠljŔ˖ȍŔɽǬƇɭŔˊǬƃǬ
ǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭ
ʋơʋȶ˖ࡪĵǬȍŔȥʽŔɭǫǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭ
ȇŔʋǫ˖ǫࡪɭʋȟǬʂɢɽǫȇȶʋǫȇŔǿǫʋŔɽˊȶȥ

ࡧ•ǫʋˊʠȟʠȥǿơȥɽǬȇˊŔȥơʋȇǫɽǫʋơɭȟȶɭƎʠɭࡲ

123
Küçük Stajlar | 11. Nöroloji

Nöroloji

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ࠀࠀࡲ¥Ä趕¶ƒ •ʠȟŹŔȍɢŔȥȇɽǫˊȶȥơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
ࡧáŔɢǫȍɃƎơȟȶȍȟŔˊŔȥʋʧȟɢơơɭǫljơɭǫȇʽơɽŔȥʋɭŔȍ
ɽǫȥǫɭɽǫɽʋơȟǫǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬ
ࡧ%ǫȍǫȥƇŹʠȍŔȥǬȇȍǬǐǬʽơŔʋơʂ
¥ɃɭȶȍȶǿǫȇþŔȥǬĵɃȥʋơȟȍơɭǫ • Meningeal irritasyon
࢏Fȍơȇʋɭȶljǫ˖ˊȶȍȶǿǫȇĵɃȥʋơȟȍơɭ ࡧòŔȥʋɭŔȍɽǫȥǫɭɽǫɽʋơȟǫࢎòòò࢏ơȥơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
1) Elektroensefalografi ࡧòòòʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠʂʧɢǠơɽǫȶȍŔȥȍɃɽơȟǫʽơȍơȥljȶȟŔ
2) Elektromiyelografi ࡧƒƎǫȶɢŔʋǫȇǫȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫˊŔȍǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽˊǫȶȥ
ࠂ࢏òǫȥǫɭǫȍơʋǫȟƇŔȍǬʂȟŔȍŔɭ ࡧòʠŹŔɭŔȇȥȶǫƎȇŔȥŔȟŔ
ࠃ࢏òǫȥǫɭǫȍơʋǫȟƇŔȍǬʂȟŔȍŔɭǬ
ࠄ࢏ɭƎǬɽǬɭŔɽǫȥǫɭʠˊŔɭǬȟ
ࠅ࢏ƒȍơʋǫȍȟǫʂɢȶʋŔȥɽǫˊơȍȍơɭ ‘ȶȥʋɭơȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ

ࠀ࢏FȍơȇʋɭȶơȥɽơljŔȍȶnjɭŔljǫࡪ FȍơȇʋɭȶƎȍŔɭŔɭŔƃǬȍǬǐǬˊȍŔ ࡧ•ʠȟŹŔȍɢȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥˊơɭǫȥƎơȍȶȇŔȍơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥ

ŹơˊȥǫȥɽɢȶȥʋŔȥơȍơȇʋǫɭȇɽơȍŔȇʋǫʽǫʋơɽǫȥǫȥ ࡧƒȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫŔȍȇǫʋȍơʂʧɢǠơɽǫ
ǫȥƃơȍơȥȟơɽǫȥǫɽŔǐȍŔɭࡲ • ‘ŔljŔǫƇǫŹŔɽǬȥƇŔɭʋǬʂʂʧɢǠơɽǫ
ࡧ‘ȶŔnjʠȍŔɽˊȶȥŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭǬ

- •ʠȟŹŔȍɢȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥʠȥơȥɽǬȇȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥʠŹŔʂ
FFeFȥƎǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ ŔǐɭǬɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
- þɭŔʽȟŔ࡫ȥơȶɢȍŔ˖ȟ࡫ơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʽơˊŔʽŔɽȇʠȍơɭ
ǠɽʋŔȍǬǐǬŹŔǐȍǬƎơǐǫʂǫȇȍǫȇȍơɭǫȥȍȶȇŔȍǫ˖ơơƎǫȍȟơɽǫʽơ
ƎơǐơɭȍơȥƎǫɭǫȍȟơɽǫࡲ
ĵŔʋǬȥƃŔƎʧ˖ơȍơȥŔˊŔȇʋŔŔɭʋŔȥŹŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬ
- FɢǫȍơɢʋǫȇȥɃŹơʋȍơɭơŹŔǐȍǬƎơʂŔɭǿȍŔɭǬȥȶɭǫǿǫȥʽơ
ࡧ•ʠȟŹŔȍɢȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥŔǐɭǬɽǬ
ʋǫɢȍơɭǫȥǫʋơɽɢǫʋơʋȟơȇࡲ
ࡧƒȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥˊŔȍǠǫɢȶʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥŔǐɭǬɽǬ
- FȥɽơljŔȍȶɢŔʋǫȍơɭǫȥʋŔȥǬʽơʋŔȇǫŹǫȥƎơ
- ‘ȶȟŔʽơƎŔȟȥɽʋŔȥǬɽǬȥŔˊŔɭƎǬȟƃǬȶȍȟŔȇ ࡧĵơȥǫƎȶǐŔȥƎŔǫʂǫʋȟơʋŔɭŔȟŔɽǬȥƎŔȶʋȶŔȇʠɽtik
- %ơˊǫȥɃȍʧȟʧʋŔȥǬɽǬȥŔˊŔɭƎǬȟƃǬȶȍȟŔȇࡲ emisyon testi
%࢏•ʠȟŹŔȍɢŔȥȇɽǫˊȶȥࡪ þŔȥǬ࡫ʋơƎŔʽǫʽơˊŔŔȥơɽʋơ˖ǫȇ
ŔȟŔƇȍŔˊŔɢǬȍŔȥǫʂȍơȟƎǫɭࡲeơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơ•ࠂ– •ࠃ
Ǡǫ˖ŔɽǬȥƎŔȥˊŔɢǬȍǬɭࡲ Sinir Sistemi Anatomisi

- þơȍơȥɽơȍŔljȶȥࡪ òơɭơŹɭŔȍǠơȟǫɽljơɭȍơɭʽơŹŔ˖Ŕȍ
ganglionlar
- 7ǫơȥɽơljŔȍȶȥࡪþŔȍŔȟʠɽ࡫ơɢǫʋŔȍŔȟʠɽ࡫ǠǫɢȶʋŔȍŔȟʠɽ
‘ò¥þ¶‘趡ƒ‘%¶ò - ¡ơ˖ơȥɽơljŔȍȶȥ
ࡧòʠŹŔɭŔȇȥȶǫƎȇŔȥŔȟŔ - áȶȥɽ
ࡧ¡ơƎʠȍȍŔɽɢǫȥŔȍǫɽŹŔɽǬɽǬ - %ʠȍŹʠɽ
ࡧþʧŹơɭȇʠȍȶ˖ȟơȥơȥǿǫʋ - òơɭơŹơȍȍʠȟ

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ࠀࡲ¡ơƎʠȍȍŔòɢǫȥŔȍǫɽ

ࡧ7ơƃʠɽɽŔʋǫȶɢǫɭŔȟǫƎŔɭʠȟ-ƃȶȥɽ
ȟơƎʠȍŔɭǫɽࢎ•ࠁ࢏
• C8- T12- •ࠄ- S5- C1 (31 çift
ɽɢǫȥŔȍɽǫȥǫɭ࢏
ࡧÄȥŹȶˊȥʠ˖– ȟȶʋȶɭ
ࡧɭȇŔŹȶˊȥʠ˖– Ǝʠˊʠ
ࡧ•ŔʋơɭŔȍ(intermediate) Źȶˊȥʠ˖
(T1-•ࠁ࢏ òơȟɢŔʋǫȇȥɃɭȶȥȍŔɭࡲ

¡ࡲòქ•ƒòèþFè•Fèƒ

ࡧȥʋơɭǫȶɭɽɢǫȥŔȍŔࡲ-- ĪơɭʋơŹɭŔȍŔࡲ
ࡧáȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭɽɢǫȥŔȍŔࡲ-- ĪơɭʋơŹɭŔȍŔࡲáȶɽʋࡲƒȥʋơɭ
-ȶɽʋŔȍŔɭʋơɭ

126
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MOTOR NÖRON
ࡧeǫɭʠɽɢɭơɽơȥʋɭŔȍǫɽ(ʧɽʋ¡¥)
ࡧ‘ŔɢɽʠȍȍŔǫȥʋơɭȥŔ
ࡧ¡ơƎʠȍȍŔȶŹȍŔȥnjŔʋŔࢎŹʠȍŹʠɽ࢏
ࡧ7ơƃʠɽɽŔʋǫȶɢˊɭŔȟǫƎʠȟࢎहࠈ߿ƇŔɭɢɭŔ˖࢏
• Trࡲ‘ȶɭʋǫȇȶɽɢǫȥŔȍǫɽȍŔʋơɭŔȍǫɽ
ࡧ¡ࡲòɢǫȥŔȍǫɽɃȥŹȶˊȥʠ˖ƎŔɽǫȥŔɢɽ
ࡧȍʋ¡¥

7F胥7čĵč– ARKA KORD

Ĕɽʋ¡ȶʋȶɭ ¥Ƀɭȶȥ•ơ˖ˊȶȥʠࢎáǫɭŔȟǫƎŔȍ࢏ ࠀࡲčȥǫɢȶȍŔɭȥɃɭȶȥ

òɢŔɽʋǫȇɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫ࡫Ǡǫɢơɭɭơljȍơȇɽǫ࡫ŹŔŹǫȥɽȇǫʽŔɭࡲ ɭʋȟǬʂ ࠁࡲ¥ɃɭȶȥࢎȥࡲnjɭŔƃǫȍǫɽॷȥࡲƃʠȥơŔʋʠɽ࢏ ࢎŹʠȍŹʠɽ࢏
ȇŔɽʋȶȥʧɽʧࡲ ¡ơƎǫŔȍ•ơȟȥǫɽƃʠɽ
ࠂࡲ¥ɃɭȶȥࢎʋŔȍŔȟʠɽ࢏
áȶɽʋɽơȥʋɭŔȍnjǫɭʠɽࢎɢɭࡲ7ʠˊʠȇȶɭʋơȇɽǫ࢏

ȍʋ¡ȶʋȶɭ¥Ƀɭȶȥ•ơ˖ˊȶȥʠ
bŔɽǫȇʧȍŔɽˊȶȥ࡫njơʽʂơȇɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫ࡫Ŕɭơljȍơȇɽǫ࡫ŹŔŹǫȥɽȇǫ
ˊȶȇࡲ áɭȶɢǫȶɽơɢɽǫˊȶȥ࡫ʽǫŹɭŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ǫȇǫȥȶȇʋŔŔˊɭǬȟǬ

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 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

- þࠅࢫƎŔȥˊʠȇŔɭǬɽǬ– ljŔɽƃǫƃǫȍʠɽƃʠȥơŔʋʠɽ
- þࠅࢫƎŔȥŔʂŔǐǬɽǬ– ljŔɽǫƃǫƃʠȍʠɽnjɭŔƃǫȍǫɽ

ࠁࡲ¶ɢʋǫȇòǫȥǫɭ
ࡧeɃɭȟơŔ˖ȍǬǐǬ
ࡧ¶ɢʋǫljŔʋɭȶljǫ– ɢŔɢǫȍɃƎơȟ
ࡧáʠɢǫȍɭơljȍơȇɽǫȥƎơŔ˖ŔȍȟŔ
• °ɝʄǨȄȢȾɧǨʄǨȢƟȢɷǩȄ sebebi MS

ࠂࡲ¶ȇʠȍȶȟȶʋȶɭòǫȥǫɭ
• Göz hareketleri
ࡧ•ơʽŔʋȶɭɢŔȍɢơŹɭŔɽʠɢࡲ
ࡧ¡ơƎǫŔȍ࡫ɽʠɢࡲǫȥljࡲɭơȇʋʠɽࡲĪơǫȥljࡲ¶Źȍǫȇࡲ
• Parasempatik (m.sphincter pupilla)

¥ࡲȶƃʠȍȶȟȶʋȶɭǫʠɽࢎzzz࢏ȍơ˖ˊȶȥʠȥƎŔࡷ
ࡧáǫʋȶ˖
ࡧFȇɽʋơɭȥŔȍɽʋɭŔŹǫɽȟʠɽࢇƌǩɻŔɻŔɻǩȊǩȄ࢈
ࡧ¡ǫƎɭǫŔ˖ǫɽ
ࡧzʂǬȇɭơljȍơȇɽǫǫȍơŔȇȶȟȟȶƎŔɽˊȶȥˊȶȇʋʠɭࡲ
ࠁࡲ‘ɭŔȥǫŔȍòǫȥǫɭȍơɭ

ࠀࡲ¶ȍljŔȇʋȶɭòǫȥǫɭ
• ‘ȶȇʠŔȍȟŔˊǬɽŔǐȍŔˊŔȥɽǫȥǫɭƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧbɭȶȥʋŔȍȍȶŹʋȟ࡫ȇŔljŔʋɭŔʽȟŔȍŔɭǬ࡫Ŕȥȶɽȟǫ࡫Ǡǫɢȶɽȟǫ

- þŔȍŔȟʠɽŔʠǐɭŔȟŔˊŔȥʋơȇƎʠˊʠ
- èơɽơɢʋɃɭȶȍŔɭŔȇȥɃɭȶȥȇʠȍȍŔȥŔȥʋơȇƎʠˊʠ
- Brodmann 34

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¡Ŕɭȇʠɽeʠȥȥ%ơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫ ࠅࡲŹƎʠƃơȥɽòǫȥǫɭ
ࡧ•ŔʋơɭŔȍɭơȇʋʠɽȇŔɽ
zʂǬȇɽŔǐȍŔȟnjɃ˖Ǝơȥȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍʠnjɃ˖ơnjơƇǫɭǫȍƎǫǐǫȥƎơ ࡧ‘ƒ%ò࡫‘ŔljŔʋɭŔʽȟŔȍŔɭǬ
ȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍʠnjɃ˖࡫ƎŔɭŔȍȟŔˊơɭǫȥơnjơȥǫʂȍơɭ࡫Źʠȥʠȥ ࡧ•ơ˖ˊȶȥʠȥƎŔǫƇơʂŔʂǬȍǬȇ
ȥơƎơȥǫǫȥƎǫɭơȇǬʂǬȇɭơljȍơȇɽǫȥǫȥ࡫ƎǫɭơȇʋǬʂǬȇ
ɭơljȍơȇɽǫȥƎơȥƎŔǠŔnjʧƇȍʧȶȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ

ࠆࡲbŔɽǫŔȍòǫȥǫɭ
ࡧ¡ȶʋȶɭ࡫Ǝʠˊʠ
4. þɭȶȇȍơŔɭòǫȥǫɭ ࡧòʠɢɭŔȥʧȇȍơŔɭȍơ˖ˊȶȥ࡫ljŔɽǫˊŔȍɽǫȥǫɭǫȥȟȶʋȶɭ
ࡧòʠɢơɭǫȶɭȶŹȍǫȇȇŔɽ ƇơȇǫɭƎơǐǫȥǫȥŹʠȍʠȥƎʠǐʠɢȶȥɽࢫʠȥˊʠȇŔɭǬɽǬȥƎŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧeɃ˖ʧŔʂŔǐǬ-ǫƇơŹŔȇʋǬɭǬɭ ƒȥʋɭŔȥʧȇȍơŔɭȍơ˖ˊȶȥǫɽơnjơȥơȍȍǫȇȍơljŔɽǫˊŔȍ
ȇŔȥŔȍƎŔƎǬɭࡲ
ࡧòʠɢɭŔȥʠȇȍơơɭ(santral)
ࡧ¥ʠȇȍơơɭॷƒȥljɭŔȥʠȇȍeer ࢎɢơɭǫljơɭǫȇ࢏
• Mimik kaslar
ࡧòʋŔɢơƎǫʠɽȇŔɽǬ
ࡧ7ǫnjŔɽʋɭǫȇȇŔɽǬȥʽơȥʋơɭɢȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭʠ
ࡧòʋˊȍȶǠˊȶǫƎȇŔɽǬ

5ࡲþɭǫnjơȟǫȥŔȍòǫȥǫɭ
ࡧ1ǫǐȥơȟơȇŔɽȍŔɭǬmotor
ࡧ‘ȶɭȥơŔɭơljȍơȇɽǫࡷŔljljơɭơȥʋˊȶȍʠȥʠȥࡲ¶ɢǠʋǠŔȍȟǫƃʠɽ
ࢎĪࠀ࢏࡫ơljljơɭơȥʋˊȶȍʠȥʠȥࡲbŔƃǫŔȍǫɽ

ƒȥʋɭŔȥʠȇȍơŔɭ
òʠɢɭŔȥʠȇȍơŔɭ
ࢎƒȥljɭŔȥʠȇȍơŔɭ࢏
‘ȶɭȥơŔ
òŔǐȍŔȟ ‘ŔˊǬɢ
èơljȍơˉǫ

ǐǬ˖‘Ƀʂơɽǫ ‘ȥʋɭȍƎʧʂơɭ ƒɢɽǫȍʋɭȍƎʧʂơɭ

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ࠀࠁࡲqǫɢȶnjȍȶɽɽʠɽ
- Motor
- 7ǫȍ‘ŔɽȍŔɭǬ
- ƒȥljɭŔȥʧȇȍơơɭǠŔɽŔɭƎŔ ƎǫȍƎǬʂŔɭǬƇǬȇŔɭʋǬȍƎǬǐǬȥƎŔ࡫
ɽŔǐȍŔȟʋŔɭŔljǬȥȟࡲeơȥǫȶnjȍȶɽɽʠɽࢫʠʋŔɭŔljǬȥƎŔȥ
ǫʋǫȍƎǫǐǫǫƇǫȥ࡫ȍơ˖ˊȶȥʋŔɭŔljǬȥŔƎơʽǫˊơȶȍʠɭࡲFȇȶȍŔɭŔȇ
ȶʋŔɭŔljƎǫȍˊŔɭǬȟǬȥƎŔȇǫȇŔɽȍŔɭƎŔŔʋɭȶljǫʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ

ࠇࡲĪơɽʋǫŹʠȍȶȇȶǠȍơŔɭࢎòʋŔʋȶŔȇʠɽʋǫȇ࢏ Sinir
ࡧƒʂǫʋȟơऋ7ơȥnjơ
ࡧqŔɽŔɭǬɽơȥɽɃɭǫȥɃɭŔȍʋǫɢǫʂǫʋȟơȇŔˊŹǬȥŔȥơƎơȥ bȶʽǫȍȍơòơȥƎɭȶȟʠࡪ•ơ˖ˊȶȥʋŔɭŔljǬȥƎŔȥ ĪzࡲĪơĪzzࡲ
ȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ òǫȥǫɭljơȍƃǫ࡫ŹŔȇǬʂljơȍƃǫ࡫ȇŔɭʂǬʋŔɭŔljʋŔǠơȟǫɢȍơǿǫ

ࠈࡲeȍȶɽɽȶljɭŔǫȥnjơʠɽòǫȥǫɭ 3. KORTEKS
¡ȶʋȶɭࡪ¡ࡲɽʋˊȍȶɢǠŔɭˊȥnjơʠɽࢫʠʠˊŔɭǬɭࡲ Frontal Korteks
7ʠˊʠࡪ7ǫȍǫȥŔɭȇŔࠀࡸࠂnjơȥơȍऋʋŔʋƎʠˊʠɽʠ ¡ȶʋȶɭȇȶɭʋơȇɽࢎnjˊɭʠɽɢɭơƃơȥʋɭŔȍǫɽ– Br4)
áòࡪeȍࡲɢŔɭȶʋǫƎơŔ •ơ˖ˊȶȥʠȥƎŔȇŔɭʂǬʽʧƃʠʋˊŔɭǬɽǬȥƎŔɽɢŔɽʋǫȇ
ǠơȟǫɢŔɭơ˖ǫࡸǠơȟǫɢȍơǿǫ

ࠀ߿ࡲĪŔnjʠɽòǫȥǫɭ

- ¡ȶʋȶɭ࡫Ǝʠˊʠ࡫áò7
- ĵʠȟʠʂŔȇƎŔȟŔȇ࡫ȍŔɭǫȥȇɽ࡫ljŔɭǫȥȇɽȇŔɽȍŔɭǬȥǬࡲࡲࡲ
- 7ǫɽljŔǿǫ࡫ɃǐʧɭȟơʽơɭơljȍơȇɽǫȥƎơŔ˖ŔȍȟŔ

Kortikospinal Traktus

ࠀࠀࡲȇɽơɽʠŔɭòǫȥǫɭ
- Motor
- ò-¡ॷþɭŔɢơ˖ǫʠɽȟࡲ
- qŔɽŔɭǬȥƎŔȶȟʠ˖ȇŔȍƎǬɭǬȍŔȟŔ˖࡫ŹŔʂȇŔɭʂǬʋŔɭŔljŔ
Ƈơʽɭǫȍơȟơ˖ࡲ

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áɭơȟȶʋȶɭ‘ȶɭʋơȇɽࢎ%ɭࠅ࢏
- qŔɭơȇơʋɢȍŔȥǬʽơŹơƃơɭǫȇȍǫȍǫȇ
- •ơ˖ˊȶȥʠȥƎŔŹơƃơɭǫȇɽǫ˖ȍǫȇ(apraksi)

áèƒFþ•‘¶èþF‘ò

òȶȟŔʋȶɽơȥɽȶɭǫŔȍȇȶɭʋơȇɽ (gyrus postsentralis – Br

3, 1, 2)
%ɭȶȇŔȍŔȥǬࢎǫȥljࡲbɭȶȥʋŔȍnjˊɭʠɽ-ɢŔɭɽʋɭǫŔȥnjʠȍŔɭǫɽ࢏ - ĵʧ˖ơˊơȍʽơƎơɭǫȥƎʠˊʠȍŔɭࡲ
ࢎ%èࠃࠃ࡫ࠃࠄ࢏
- ‘ȶȥʠʂȟŔȥǬȥȟȶʋȶɭŔȍŔȥǬƎǬɭࡲ •ơ˖ˊȶȥʠȥƎŔ
- •ơ˖ˊȶȥʠȥƎŔǠŔɽʋŔȇȶȥʠʂʠȍŔȥǬŔȥȍŔɭ ama ‘ŔɭʂǬʽʧƃʠʋʋŔhemihipoestezi
ȇȶȥʠʂŔȟŔ˖ࡲ (Ekspresif – motor afazi)

131
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TEMPORAL KORTEKS

ĭơȥǫȇơŔȍŔȥǬࢎɽʠɢࡲþơȟɢȶɭŔȍnjˊɭʠɽ࢏ࢎ%ɭࠁࠁ࢏

•ơ˖ˊȶȥʠȥƎŔŔȇǬƃǬȇȶȥʠʂʠɭŔȟŔȇȶȥʠʂʠȍŔȥǬ
ŔȥȍŔˊŔȟŔ˖ࡲ

ࠃࡲòFèF%F••èòƒòþF¡

7ǫɽɽǫȥơɭǿǫʽơˊŔŔɽǫȥơɭǿǫࡪáŔɭȟŔȇŹʠɭʠȥƎơȥơˊǫȥƎơ
ɃȥȇȶȍljȍơȇɽǫˊȶȥˊŔɢʋǬɭǬȍǬɭȇơȥ˖ŔȟŔȥǬȥƎŔ
njơʽʂơȟơ˖ɽơ࡫ɃȥȇȶȍǠơƎơljࢎŹʠɭʠȥŔ࢏ˊŔȇȍŔʂǬɭȇơȥ
ƎʠɭŔȇȍŔɭࡲ

7ǫɽȟơʋɭǫࡪ ¡ơɽŔljơȥǫȥɽŔɢʋŔȥȟŔɽǬˊơʋơȥơǐǫȥǫȥ
ˊǫʋǫɭǫȍȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ

7ǫɽƎǫˊŔƎȶȇȶȇǫȥơ˖ǫࡪ %ǫɭŹǫɭǫŔɭƎǬȥƃŔnjơȍơȥŹǫɭŹǫɭǫȥơ
˖ǬʋǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭǫˊŔɢȟŔȇʋŔnjʧƇȍʧȇƇơȇȟơȇࡲ

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ƒȥʋơȥɽˊǫȶȥơȍþɭơȟȶɭࡪ ƒɽʋǫɭŔǠŔʋɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔnjɃɭʧȍȟơ˖࡫ e•òe¶ĭ‘¶¡ò‘•òz

ǫɽʋơȟȍǫǠŔɭơȇơʋɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭࡲ
eɃ˖ǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭǫ
7ǫɽŔɭʋɭǫࡪ ‘ȶȥʠʂȟŔˊŔʽŔʂ࡫ŔʋŔȇɽǫȇ࡫ɢŔʋȍŔˊǬƃǬ òɢȶȥʋŔȥŔƇǬȇ४ࠃɢʠŔȥ
ʋǫɢʋơƎǫɭࡲ òɃ˖ȍʧʠˊŔɭǬˊŔŔƇǬȇ४ࠂɢʠŔȥ
ǐɭǬȍǬʠˊŔɭǬˊŔŔƇǬȇ४ࠁɢʠŔȥ
ĵʧɭʧȟơʽơɢȶɽʋʧɭŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭǬࢎŔʋŔȇɽǫ࢏ࡪHasta eɃ˖ʧȥʧǠǫƇŔƇȟǬˊȶɭ४ࠀɢʠŔȥ
ŹŔƃŔȇȍŔɭǬȥǬŔƇŔɭŔȇɽơȥƎơȍǫˊơɭơȇˊʧɭʧɭࡲ
òɃ˖ȍʧ-ơʽŔɢ
Oriante ४ࠄɢʠŔȥ
bŁƒ•Fè ‘ȶȥljʧ˖ơ४ࠃɢʠŔȥ
čˊnjʠȥɽʠ˖ȇơȍǫȟơȍơɭ४ࠂɢʠŔȥ
‘ʠɭŔȍȶȍŔɭŔȇȇȶȥʠʂȟŔljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥʠȥʠɽȶȍǠơȟǫɽljơɭ ȥȍŔȟɽǬ˖ɽơɽȍơɭ४ࠁ ɢʠŔȥ
ʧɽʋȍơȥǫɭࡲࢎƎȶȟǫȥŔȥʋǠơȟǫɽljơɭ࢏ ĪơɭŹŔȍƃơʽŔɢˊȶȇ४ࠀɢʠŔȥ
ljŔ˖ǫȍơɭơȥɽǬȇȇŔɭʂǬȍŔʂǬȍŔȥȥơƎơȥǫɽȶȍȶɭʋŔ
ɽơɭơŹɭŔȍŔɭʋơɭǫȥˊŔƎŔɽȶȍȇŔɭȶʋǫɽǫȥʋơɭȥŔȥǬȥ ¡ȶʋȶɭ-ơʽŔɢ
ʋɭȶȟŹȶʋǫȇ– ơȟŹȶȍǫȇʋǬȇŔȥȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ ƒɽʋơȥǫȍơȥǫˊŔɢǬˊȶɭ४ࠅɢʠŔȥ
ǐɭǬˊǬȍȶȇŔȍǫ˖ơơƎǫˊȶɭ४ࠄɢʠŔȥ
ǐɭǬȍǬʠˊŔɭǬǫȍơljȍơˉȶɭʋȶɢȍŔȥȟŔ४ࠃɢʠŔȥ
Ĕɽʋơˉʋɭơȟǫʋơȍơɭǫȥljȍơˉǫȶȥʠࢎ7ơȇȶɭʋǫȇŔɽȶˊȶȥ࢏४ࠂɢࡲ
‘ȍŔɽǫȇljŔ˖ǫòơȥƎɭȶȟȍŔɭǬ
ĔɽʋơˉʋơɭȟǫʋơȍơɭǫȥǫȥŔȥȶɭȟŔȍơˉʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥʠ४ࠁɢࡲ
%ɭȶƃŔࢎ¡ȶʋȶɭ࢏ljŔ˖ǫɽǫࡪ ‘ȶȥʠʂʠȍŔȥǬŔȥȍŔȟŔȶȍƎʠȇƇŔ ǐɭǬȍǬʠˊŔɭǬˊŔƃơʽŔɢˊȶȇ४ࠀɢʠŔȥ
ǫˊǫƎʠɭʠȟƎŔǫȇơȥȇơȥƎǫɽǫȥǫǫljŔƎơơƎơȟơ˖ࡲ

ĭơȥǫƃȇơࢎɽơȥɽȶɭǫ࢏ljŔ˖ǫɽǫࡪqŔɽʋŔȥǬȥŔȥȍŔȟŔɽǬȥǬȥ
13 – ࠀࠄɢʠŔȥࡪ ¡ǫȥɃɭ%ǫȍǫȥƇ‘ŔˊŹǬ
ǫȍơɭǫƎơɭơƃơƎơŹȶ˖ʠȍƎʠǐʠŔljŔ˖ǫࡲ
9 – ࠀࠁɢʠŔȥࡪ ¶ɭʋŔ7ơɭơƃơƎơ%ǫȍǫȥƇ‘ŔˊŹǬ
ƒȍơʋǫȟʋǫɢǫࢎȇȶȥƎʠȇɽǫˊȶȥ࢏ŔljŔ˖ǫࡪ ĭơȥǫƃȇơʽơŹɭȶƃŔ ࠇɢʠŔȥʽơŔȍʋǬࡪ ǐǬɭ%ǫȍǫȥƇ‘ŔˊŹǬࢎȇȶȟŔˊǬǫljŔƎơơƎơɭ࢏
ŔȍŔȥǬȥǬŹŔǐȍŔˊŔȥŔɭƃʠŔʋljŔɽǫȇʧȍȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥƎŔ ࠂɢʠŔȥࡪ FȥȇɃʋʧƎʠɭʠȟƎʠɭࡲ
ȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ‘ȶȥʠʂʠȍŔȥǬŔȥȍŔȟŔʽơȇȶȥʠʂȟŔȥȶɭȟŔȍƎǫɭࡲ
ȥƃŔȇƎʠˊƎʠǐʠȥʠʋơȇɭŔɭơʋȟơʋǫɢǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇ
Źȶ˖ʠȍȟʠʂʋʠɭࡲ FვFáòƒ
eȍȶŹŔȍࢎþȶʋŔȍ࢏ljŔ˖ǫࡪ%ɭȶƃŔ࡫ĭơȥǫƃȇơʽơŔɭȇʠŔʋ þŔȥǬ¡ơʋȶƎȍŔɭǬ
ljŔɽǫȇʧȍʧǫƇǫȥơŔȍŔȥȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ‘ȶȥʠʂȟŔ࡫ • ˊɭǬȥʋǬȍǬǠǫȇŔˊơ
ŔȥȍŔȟŔʽơʋơȇɭŔɭȍŔȟŔŹȶ˖ʠȍȟʠʂʋʠɭࡲòȶȍȶɭʋŔ ࡧbǫ˖ǫȇʽơȥɃɭȶȍȶǿǫȇȟʠŔˊơȥơ
ɽơɭơŹɭŔȍŔɭʋơɭʋǬȇŔȥǬȇȍŔɭǬȥƎŔɢơɭǫɽǫȍʽǫŔȥŹɃȍnjơ ࡧþŔȟȇŔȥɽŔˊǬȟǬ࡫ȇŔȥŹǫȶȇǫȟˊŔɽǬ
ǠŔɽŔɭǬnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ7ŔǫȟŔɽŔǐǠơȟǫɢȍơǿǫơʂȍǫȇơƎơɭࡲ ࡧFȍơȇʋɭȶơȥɽơljŔȍȶnjɭŔljǫࢎFFe࢏
• Manyơʋǫȇɭơ˖ȶȥŔȥɽnjɃɭʧȥʋʧȍơȟơࢎ¡èe࢏

ˊǬɭǬƃǬþŔȥǬ
%ƒ•ƒ¥1%¶Łč‘•č‘•èz
ࡧáɽǫȇȶǿơȥǫȇȥȶȥơɢǫȍơɢʋǫȇŔʋŔȇȍŔɭ
‘ȶȥljʧ˖ˊȶȥࡪĵơɭ˖ŔȟŔȥʽơȇǫʂǫȶɭˊŔȥʋŔɽˊȶȥʠȥʠȥ ࡧòơȥȇȶɢࢎʽŔɽȶʽŔnjŔȍ࡫ȇŔɭƎǫˊŔȇ࡫ȶɭʋȶɽʋŔʋǫȇ࢏
Źȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠƎʠɭࡲ ࡧčˊȇʠƎŔȶȍŔȥŔʋŔȇȍŔɭࢎȥȶȇʋʠɭȥŔȍȟˊȶȇȍȶȥʠɽ࡫
ʠˊʠɭnjơ˖ơɭȍǫȇ࢏
•ơʋŔɭǿǫࢎòȶȟȥȶȍŔȥɽ࢏ࡪ%ŔɽǫʋƎǬʂʠˊŔɭŔȥȍŔɭȍŔ ࡧeơƇǫƃǫǫɽȇơȟǫȇŔʋŔȇ
ʠˊŔȥƎǬɭǬȍŔŹǫȍơȥʽơʠˊŔȥǬȇƎʠɭʠȟƎŔˊȇơȥŹǫȍǫȥƃǫȥ • Migren
ȥȶɭȟŔȍȶȍƎʠǐʠǫ˖ȍơȥǫȟʽơɭơȥŔȥƃŔȇʠˊŔɭŔȥ ࡧqŔɭơȇơʋŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭǬࢎɢŔɭȶȇɽǫɽȟŔȍȇȶɭơʋǠơʋȶɽǫɽ࡫
ȇŔȍƎǬɭǬȍǬɭȇŔȍƎǬɭǬȍȟŔ˖ʠˊȇʠˊŔƎơʽŔȟǬȥǬȥnjɃ˖ȍơȥƎǫǐǫ tikler)
ɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȇƎʠɭʠȟʠƎʠɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇǫƎǫȶɢŔʋǫȇࢎहࠅࠄ࢏
òʋʠɢȶɭࡪ •ơʋŔɭǿǫǫȍơȇȶȟŔŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔȇǫŹǫȍǫȥƇ - eŔȟŔȟǫȥȶ%ʧʋǫɭǫȇɽǫʋࢫǫȥࢎe%࢏Ƀȥơȟǫ
Źȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠƎʠɭࡲ Źʧˊʧȇʋʧɭࡲ
‘ȶȟŔࡪƒƇʽơƎǬʂʠˊŔɭŔȥȍŔɭŔʋŔȟˊŔƎŔʋŔȟŔˊŔȇǬȥ - ƒȥǠǫŹǫʋɃɭɽǫɽʋơȟˊơʋơɭɽǫ˖ȍǫǐǫˊŔȥǬɽǬɭŔơȇɽǫʋŔʋɃɭ
ˊŔȥǬʋɽǬ˖ȍǬȇǫȍơȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ ɽơʋǫȍȇȶȍǫȥ࡫ŔɽɢŔɭʋŔʋʽơnjȍʠʋŔȟŔʋnjǫŹǫ
ȥɃɭȶʋɭŔȥɽȟǫʋȍơɭǫȥŔɭʋǬʂǬȥơʋǫƃơɽǫȥƎơȇȶȥʽʧȍ˖ǫˊȶȥ
eȍŔɽnjȶˁȇȶȟŔɽȇŔȍŔɽǬȥŔ njɃɭơʋȶʋŔȍɽȇȶɭࠇʽơ njơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
ŔȍʋǬȥƎŔȶȍƎʠǐʠȥƎŔȇȶȟŔȶȍŔɭŔȇȇŔŹʠȍơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ

133
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ࠀࡲáŔɭɽǫˊơȍFɢǫȍơɢɽǫȍơɭ %Ŕɽǫʋ¡ȶʋȶɭFɢǫȍơɢɽǫ
- áɭơɽơȥʋɭŔȍnjˊɭʠɽȇɃȇơȥȍǫ
áŔɭɽǫˊơȍFɢǫȍơɢɽǫȍơɭ - ¥ɃŹơʋȍȶȇŔȍǫ˖ơȇŔȍŔŹǫȍǫɭʽơˊŔȟȶʋȶɭǠȶȟȶȥȇʠȍʠɽ
- %ơˊȥǫȥŹơȍȍǫȇǬɽȟǬȥƎŔơɢǫȍơɢʋǫȇƎơʂŔɭǿȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ ŹȶˊʠȥƃŔǫȍơɭȍơˊơŹǫȍǫɭࡲࢎŔƃȇɽȶȥǫȶȥȟŔɭʂ࢏
- 1ȶƃʠȇȍʠȇƎɃȥơȟǫȥơŔǫʋŹŔ˖ǬǫƎǫȶɢŔʋǫȇŹơȥǫnjȥ - áȶɽʋơɢǫȍơɢʋǫȇɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫࢎþȶƎƎɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫɽǫ࢏
ɢŔɭɽǫˊơȍơɢǫȍơɢɽǫɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠȥʠȥƎǬʂǬȥƎŔɢŔɭɽǫˊơȍ
ơɢǫȍơɢɽǫȥǫȥʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ࡫ljȶȇŔȍŹǫɭɽơɭơŹɭŔȍɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫˊơ
ǫʂŔɭơʋơƎơɭࡲ
%Ŕɽǫʋ7ʠˊɽŔȍFɢǫȍơɢɽǫ
- ¡ȶʋȶɭ࡫ƎʠˊɽŔȍ࡫ȶʋȶȥȶȟǫȇ࡫ɢɽǫʂǫȇȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
- áȶɽʋɽŔȥʋɭŔȍnjˊɭʠɽȇŔˊȥŔȇȍǬ
- %ŔɽǫʋɢŔɭɽǫˊơȍ࡫ŹǫȍǫȥƇȇŔˊŹǬˊȶȇࡲ
- ‘ȶȟɢȍơȇɽɢŔɭɽǫˊơȍ࡫ŹǫȍǫȥƃǫȥơʋȇǫȍơȥƎǫǐǫŔȥƃŔȇ
ʋŔȟˊǫʋǫɭǫȍȟơƎǫǐǫŔʋŔȇȍŔɭࡲ
%Ŕɽǫʋ¶ʋȶȥȶȟǫȇFɢǫȍơɢɽǫ
- ‘ŔȥŹŔɽǬȥƃǬ– ȥŔŹǬ˖Ǝơǐǫʂǫȇȍǫȇȍơɭǫ࡫ʋơɭȍơȟơ࡫
ɽȶȍʠȇȍʠȇ࡫ljȍʠɽǠǫȥnj
%ŔɽǫʋáŔɭɽǫˊơȍFɢǫȍơɢɽǫ
- %ǫȍǫȥƇƎơǐǫʂǫȇȍǫǐǫȶȍȟŔ˖ʽơƇȶȇȇǬɽŔɽʧɭơɭࡲࢎࠁ߿– 15
saniye)
- Motor – sensorial – otonomik – ɢǫɽǫʂǫȇ ‘ȶȟɢȍơȇɽáŔɭɽǫˊơȍFɢǫȍơɢɽǫࢎþơȟɢȶɭŔȍ•ȶŹ
ɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭʽơɭǫɭࡲ Fɢǫȍơɢɽǫɽǫ– áɽǫȇȶȟȶʋȶɭFɢǫȍơɢɽǫ࢏
- 1ȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔơȥɽǬȇɽơŹơŹǫǫƎȶɢŔʋǫȇࡲ
- FɭǫʂȇǫȥƎơơȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥơɢǫȍơɢɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
- 7ŔǠŔǫȍơɭǫˊŔʂȍŔɭƎŔơȥɽǬȇɽơŹơɢȍơɭnjơƇǫɭǫȍȟǫʂ
- Fɢǫ˖ȶƎŔʠɭŔǫȍơŹŔʂȍŔɭࡲࢎƒʂǫʋɽơȍʽơȶȍljŔȇʋȶɭ
ơȥljŔȇʋȍŔɭʽơǫȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫŔȍʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭƎǫɭࡲ
ǠŔȍʧɽǫȍŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ࢏
- ¶ʋȶȟŔʋǫ˖ȟŔࢎòʋɭơȶʋǫɢǫȇƎŔʽɭŔȥǬʂȍŔɭ࢏– ࢎFȥɽǬȇ
ȶɭȶŹʠȇȇȶȍǫȥnjʠŔȍǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭ࢏
- %ǫȍǫȥƇơʋȇǫȍơȥȟǫʂऋáȶɽʋǫȇʋŔȍȇȶȥljʠ˖ˊȶȥ

þơȟɢȶɭŔȍ•ȶŹ‘ŔˊȥŔȇȍǬ

ŹɽŔȥɽȥɃŹơʋǫǫȍơȇŔɭʂǬȍŔʂŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲŹɽŔȥɽȥɃŹơʋʋơ
ŔʠɭŔ࡫ȶʋȶȟŔʋǫ˖ȟŔʽơɢȶɽʋǫȇʋŔȍƎɃȥơȟ
ȶȍȟŔˊŔƃŔȇʋǬɭࡲ

òơȇȶȥƎơɭơȥơɭŔȍǫ˖ơ¥ɃŹơʋ

áŔɭɽǫˊơȍȥɃŹơʋȍơɭʋʧȟŹơˊȥơˊŔˊǬȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࢎʋȶȥǫȇ-
klonik)
- FɭǫʂȇǫȥƎơȇǫnjơȥơɭŔȍǫ˖ơȥɃŹơʋȍơɭǫȥƇȶǐʠȥƎŔ
ɽȶɭʠȟȍʠƎʠɭࡲ

134
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áŔɭɽǫˊơȍFɢǫȍơɢɽǫƎơþơƎŔʽǫ

ࠀࡲþơɭƃǫǠࡪ‘ŔɭŹŔȟŔ˖ơɢǫȥ
ࠁࡲþơɭƃǫǠࡪbơȥǫʋȶǫȥ

ࠁࡲF¥F蕃ŁFFვFáòƒ•Fè

ŹɽŔȥɽࢎáơʋǫʋ¡Ŕl)
- ȥǫŹǫȍǫȥƇȇŔˊŹǬʽơʋʧȟȟȶʋȶɭŔȇʋǫʽǫʋơȍơɭǫȥ
kesilmesi
- ¥ɃŹơʋɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔʋȶȥʧɽȇȶɭʠȥʠɭࡲ
- qǫɢơɭʽơȥʋǫȍŔɽˊȶȥǫȍơȥɃŹơʋʋơʋǫȇȍơȥǫɭࡲ
- 3 – ࠄˊŔʂǬȥƎŔŹŔʂȍŔɭࡷŔƎȶȍơɽŔȥƎɃȥơȟƎơŔ˖ŔȍǬɭࡲ

FFeࡪ ࠂƃˊƃࡸɽȥƎǫȇơȥƎŔȍnjŔljơȥȶȟơȥǫʋǫɢǫȇʋǫɭ

þơƎŔʽǫࡪ FʋȶɽʧȇɽǫȟǫƎ࡮ òʋŔʋʠɽFɢǫȍơɢʋǫȇʠɽ

- FenitoiȥȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍȟŔ˖ࡲ
- ¥ɃŹơʋȍơɭǫȥŹǫȍǫȥƇŔƇǬȍȟŔƎŔȥŔɭƎŔɭƎŔnjơȍȟơɽǫ
ʽơˊŔŹǫɭȥɃŹơʋǫȥࠂ߿ƎŔȇǫȇŔƎŔȥʠ˖ʠȥɽʧɭơȟơɽǫƎǫɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥŔȥʋǫơɢǫȍơɢʋǫȇǫȍŔƃǬȥŔȥǫƎơȥ
ȇơɽǫȍȟơɽǫʽơơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲ
- Mortalite %10

òʋŔʋʠɽFɢǫȍơɢʋǫȇʠɽþơƎŔʽǫ

- òȶȍʠȥʠȟˊȶȍʠȥʠŔƇ
- ‘ŔȥŔȍ࡫हࠄ߿Ǝơȇɽʋɭȶ˖ࠄ߿ƃƃɢʧɽơ
- 7ǫŔ˖ơȟࠀ߿ȟnjzĪ
- Fenitoin
- Fenobarbital
- FȥʋʠŹơơʋ
- eơȥơȍȥơɽʋơ˖ǫ
¡ˊȶȇȍȶȥǫȇFɢǫȍơɢɽǫ
- ‘ǬɽŔɽʧɭơȍǫȇŔɽȇŔɽǬȍȟŔɽǬ࡫ȟˊȶȇȍȶȥʠɽ
- ¥ơɽȥơȍơɭǫȥljǬɭȍŔʋǬȍȟŔɽǬ
- ʠʽơȥǫȍʋǫɢǫɽǬȇȍǬȇȍŔɽŔŹŔǠʠˊŔȥǬɭȇơȥȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔɭࡲ

ơȥơɭŔȍǫ˖ơþȶȥǫȇ– ‘ȍȶȥǫȇFɢǫȍơɢɽǫࢎeɭŔȥƎ¡Ŕȍ࢏
- ȥǫŹǫȍǫȥƇȇŔˊŹǬऋơɢǫȍơɢʋǫȇƇǬǐȍǬȇ
- þȶȥǫȇȇŔɽǬȍȟŔȍŔɭࢎʽʧƃʠʋʋŔʽơơȇɽʋɭơȟǫʋơȍơɭƎơ
ekstansiyon)
- 1ơȥơȇǫʋȍơȥȟơɽǫ࡫ɽǫˊŔȥȶ˖࡫ŔǐǬ˖ƎŔȇɃɢʧɭȟơ࡫
inkontinans

- ‘ȍȶȥǫȇljŔ˖ƎŔơȇɽʋɭơȟǫʋơȍơɭƎơnjơʽʂơȟơʽơljȍơȇɽɃɭ
ƇǬɭɢǬȥȟŔऋ
- ¡ơȥɽʋʠɭŔɽˊȶȥƎɃȥơȟǫȥƎơɽǬȇȍŔʂŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
(Katamenial)
- ơȥơɭŔȍǫ˖ơʋȶȥǫȇ-ȇȍȶȥǫȇȥɃŹơʋȍơɭࢎeɭŔȥƎ¡Ŕl) bơŹɭǫȍ‘ȶȥʽʠȍɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭ
ȟơʋŔŹȶȍǫȇŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭŔŹŔǐȍǬơȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥ - 6 ay – ࠅˊŔʂŔɭŔɽǬ
ȥɃŹơʋȍơɭƎǫɭࡲ - òòòơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠ ƎǬʂǬȥƎŔˊʧȇɽơȇŔʋơʂȍǫǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇ
- òǬȇȍǬȇȍŔʽǫɭŔȍĔòĵF࡫ɭȶɽơȶȍŔ࡫¶ʋǫʋǫɽȟơƎǫŔɽȶȥɭŔɽǬ
- 1ȶƃʠȇʋŔơȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥȇȶȥʽʠȍɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ

135
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%ŔɽǫʋbơŹɭǫȍ‘ȶȥʽʧȍɽǫˊȶȥ
Soru
- eơȥơʋǫȇˊŔʋȇǬȥȍǬȇࢎŔǫȍơƎơb‘ǠǫȇŔˊơɽǫऋ࢏
- ʋơʂऑࠂࠇࢫ %ǫɭƎơȥƇȶȇȥɃŹơʋ ʋǫɢǫȥǫȥŹǫɭŔɭŔƎŔnjɃɭʧȍƎʧǐʧ
- ơȥơɭŔȍǫ˖ơʋȶȥǫȇȇȍȶȥǫȇȇȶȥʽʧȍɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭƎǬɭࡲ ȟơȥʋŔȍɭơʋŔɭƎŔɽˊȶȥŔǠǫɢơɭŔȇʋǫʽǫʋơnjǫŹǫ
- KǬɽŔɽʧɭơɭࢎऒࠀࠄƎŔȇǫȇŔ࢏ ƎŔʽɭŔȥǬʂŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭǬȥǬȥƎŔɽǬȇȍǬȇȍŔơʂȍǫȇơʋʋǫǐǫ
- ࠁࠃɽŔŔʋǫƇǫȥƎơʋơȇɭŔɭȍŔȟŔ˖ࡲ ơɢǫȍơɢɽǫŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫƎǫɭࡳ
࢏ĭơɽʋòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
%࢏•ơȥȥȶˉ– eơɽʋŔʠʋɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
‘ȶȟɢȍǫȇơbơŹɭǫȍ‘ȶȥʽʧȍɽǫˊȶȥ -࢏ŹɽŔȥɽFɢǫȍơɢɽǫ
- qŔljǫljˊʧȇɽơȇŔʋơʂʋơƎơȶɭʋŔˊŔƇǬȇŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ 7࢏%ŔɽǫʋɢŔɭɽǫˊơȍFɢǫȍơɢɽǫ
- č˖ʠȥɽʧɭơȍǫƎǫɭࡲࢎऑࠀࠄƎŔȇǫȇŔ࢏ E) MyoklonǫȇFɢǫȍơɢɽǫ
- ࠁࠃɽŔŔʋǫƇǫȥƎơʋơȇɭŔɭȍŔˊŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
- bȶȇŔȍȥɃŹơʋ
- ¥ɃɭȶȍȶǿǫȇƎơljǫɽǫʋnjɃɭʧȍơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
ࠂࡲ¥þƒFვFáþƒ‘ƒ•1•è

þơƎŔʽǫ
ࡧʋơʂǫƎʧʂʧɭࢎɢŔɭŔɽơʋŔȟȶȍ࢏ bơȥǫʋȶǫȥ
ࡧʋơʂɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔɭơȇʋŔȍƎǫŔ˖ơȟ - áŔɭɽǫˊơȍʽơeɭŔȥƎȟŔȍơɢǫȍơɢɽǫˊơȇŔɭʂǬơʋȇǫȍǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧbơȥȶŹŔɭŹǫʋŔȍࢎɢɭȶȍŔȇɽǫ࢏ - ŹɽŔȥɽȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍȟŔ˖࡫ƎʠɭʠȟʠƎŔǠŔƎŔȇɃʋʧȍơʂǫɭࡲ
ࡧþơȇljơŹɭǫȍȇȶȥʽʧȍ˖ˊȶȥƎŔɢɭȶljȍŔȇʋǫȇʋƎʽʽơɭǫȍȟơ˖ࡲ
ĵŔȥơʋȇǫȍơɭ
- ¥ǫɽʋŔnjȟʠɽ࡫ŔʋŔȇɽǫ
- eǫȥnjǫʽŔǠǫɢơɭɢȍŔ˖ǫ
ĭơɽʋòơȥƎɭȶȟʠࢎƒȥljŔȥʋǫȍɽɢŔɽȟ࢏ - þơɭŔʋȶǿơȥǫȇࢎbơʋŔȍǠǫƎŔȥʋȶǫȥɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ࢏ࡪzčeè࡫
- 3 – ࠆŔˊȍŔɭƎŔơɭȇơȇȍơɭƎơƎŔǠŔɽǬȇʋǬɭࡲ ¡è࡫¡ǫȇɭȶɽơljŔȍǫ࡫ljŔȍŔȥȇɽǠǫɢȶɢȍŔ˖ǫ
- þʠŹơɭȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖ƎŔǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲࢎƎơȥŹȶȟŔɽơŹŔɽơʠȟ࡫
ȟˊȶȇȍȶȥǫȇȥɃŹơʋȍơɭ࡫ȟơȥʋŔȍɭơʋŔɭƎŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ȇŔɭƎǫŔȇ
ɭŔŹƎȶȟˊȶȟ࡫ɭơȥŔȍŔȥǿǫȶȟˊȶȍǫɢȶȟ࢏
bơȥȶŹŔɭʋǫʋŔȍ
- áơɭǫȥŔʋŔȍŔɽljǫȇɽǫ࡫òòòǫȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
- bơȥǫʋȶǫȥǫȥȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍƎǬǐǬơɢǫȍơɢɽǫʋʧɭȍơɭǫȥƎơ
%ȶˊʠȥnjɃʽƎơʽơơȇɽʋɭơȟǫʋơȍơɭƎơȶȍʠʂŔȥɽǫȟơʋɭǫȇ ƇȶƃʠȇʋŔǫȍȇʋơɭƃǫǠʋǫɭࡲ
ȟŔɽɽǫljȟǫˊȶȇȍȶȥǫȍơɭƎǫɭࡲ - bơŹɭǫȍȇȶȥʽʠȍɽǫˊȶȥɢɭȶljȍŔȇɽǫɽǫȥƎơǫȍȇʋơɭƃǫǠʋǫɭࡲ

FFeࡪ qǫɢɽŔɭǫʋȟǫ FʋȶɽʧȇɽǫȟǫƎ

þơƎŔʽǫࡪ ‘ȶɭʋǫ˖ȶȥ࡫-þq࡫ĪǫnjŔŹŔʋɭǫȥ - ŹɽŔȥɽȥɃŹơʋȍơɭǫȥǫȥɢɭǫȟơɭǫȍŔƃǬƎǬɭࡲ

ĪŔȍɢɭȶǫȇɽǫʋ
- e%ʋɭŔȥɽŔȟǫȥŔ˖ǬǫȥǠǫŹơơƎơɭࡲ
- FȥnjơȥǫʂɽɢơȇʋɭʠȟȍʠŔȥʋǫơɢǫȍơɢʋǫȇʋǫɭࡲࢎǠơȟnjɭŔȥƎ
ȟŔȍ࡫ǠơȟŔŹɽŔȥɽ࢏

ĵŔȥơʋȇǫȍơɭǫ
ࡧqơɢŔʋȶʋȶȇɽǫɽǫʋơ࡫ɢŔȥȇɭơŔʋǫʋ
ࡧþơɭŔʋȶǿơȥǫȇơʋȇǫࡪɽɢǫȥŔŹǫljǫƎŔ

•Ŕȟȶʋɭǫǿǫȥ
- eȍʠʋŔȟŔʋ࡫ŔɽɢŔɭʋŔʋɽŔȍǬȥǬȟǬȥǬŔ˖ŔȍʋǬɭࡲ
- qơɭǫȇǫʋǫɢơɢǫȍơɢɽǫƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
- eơŹơƎơǫȍȇʋơɭƃǫǠʋǫɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇˊŔȥơʋȇǫɽǫƃǫȍʋƎɃȇʧȥʋʧȍơɭǫƎǫɭࡲࢎòò࢏

þȶɢǫɭŔȟŔʋࡪ %ɃŹɭơȇþŔʂǬ࡫eȍȶȇȶȟ࡫qǫɢȶǠǫƎɭȶɽǫɽ

ŁȶȥǫɽŔȟǫƎࡪ%ɃŹɭơȇþŔʂǬ

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ƒȍȇþơɭƃǫǠȍơɭ eơɭǫȍǫȟþǫɢǫ%ŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬ
- FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥŹŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬƎǬɭࡲ
%ŔɽǫʋáŔɭɽǫˊơȍࡪ‘ŔɭŹŔȟŔ˖ơɢǫȥ - 7ǫljljʧ˖࡫ȇʧȥʋ࡫ɽǬ˖ȍŔˊǬƃǬ࡫ŹŔȥƎʂơȇȍǫȥƎơƎǫɭࡲ
‘ȶȟɢȍơȇɽáŔɭɽǫˊơȍࡪ ‘ŔɭŹŔȟŔ˖ơɢǫȥ - áɽǫȇȶǿơȥǫȇƎʠɭʠȟ࡫ɽʋɭơɽ
ŹɽŔȥɽࡪFʋȶɽʠȇɽǫȟǫƎ
¡ˊȶȇȍȶȥǫȇࡪ‘ȍȶȥŔ˖ơɢŔȟ࡫ʽŔȍɢɭȶǫȇŔɽǫʋ þơƎŔʽǫࡪ ȥŔȍǿơ˖ǫȇ
ʋȶȥǫȇࡪ‘ȍŔȥŔ˖ơɢŔȟ
Tonik – ‘ȍȶȥǫȇࢎeɭŔȥƎ¡Ŕȍ࢏ࡪ bơȥǫʋȶǫȥ࡫
ȇŔɭŹŔȟơ˖Ŕɢǫȥ

eơŹơȍǫǐǫȥFɢǫȍơɢɽǫˊơFʋȇǫɽǫ

हࠀ߿ȥɃŹơʋȍơɭƎơŔɭʋȟŔ
हࠄȥɃŹơʋȍơɭƎơŔ˖ŔȍȟŔ
हࠇࠄƎơǐǫʂǫȇȍǫȇˊȶȇ

%÷hèzòz

%ŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬʋơȟŔȍȟơȇŔȥǫ˖ȟŔȍŔɭǬ
- 7ʠɭŔȥǬȥʋɭŔȇɽǫˊȶȥʠʽơŔǐɭǬˊŔǠŔɽɽŔɽˊŔɢǬȍŔɭǬȥ
ʠˊŔɭǬȍȟŔɽǬ ¡ƒeèF¥
- ƒȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫˊơȍŔɭʋơɭȍơɭǫȥƎŔɭŔȍȟŔɽǬʽơnjơȥǫʂȍơȟơɽǫ
- áʠȍɽŔʋǫȍ࡫˖ȶȥȇȍŔˊǬƃǬ࡫ljȶȥȶljȶŹǫ࡫ljȶʋȶljȶŹǫ࡫ŹʠȍŔȥʋǬ
- ‘ŔljŔƎŔȇǫŔǐɭǬˊŔǠŔɽɽŔɽˊŔɢǬȍŔɭǬȥʽơˊŔƇơʽɭơɽǫȥǫȥ
ȇʠɽȟŔࡲࡲ
ǫȥljȍŔȟŔɽˊȶȥʠ
- ǫȍơqǫȇŔˊơɽǫऋȇŔƎǬȥǠŔɽʋŔ
- %¶òŔȇǬȟˊȶȍʠȥʠȥȶŹɽʋɭʠȇɽˊȶȥʠǫȍơ
ǫȥʋɭŔʽơȥʋɭǫȇʠȍŔɭŹŔɽǬȥƃǬȥŔɭʋȟŔɽǬ
- ƒȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫˊŔȍȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬȥȇɭŔȥǫˊŔȍʽơɽơɭʽǫȇŔȍ
ɽǫȥǫɭȍơɭơŹŔɽǬˊŔɢȟŔɽǬࡲ PATOGENEZ

¡ǫnjɭơȥŔǐɭǬɽǬ࡫ȥȶɭŔƎɭơȥơɭǿǫȇʽơɽơɭȶʋȶȥơɭǿǫȇ
ȍǫljȍơɭǫȥʠˊŔɭǬȍȟŔɽǬ࡫ǫȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫˊŔȍƎŔȟŔɭȍƎŔ
ʽŔ˖ȶƎǫȍŔʋŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ʋɭǫnjơȟǫȥŔȍɽǫȥǫɭǫȥŔljljơɭơȥʋȍǫljȍơɭǫȥ
ŔȇʋǫʽŔɽˊȶȥʠ࡫ǫȥljȍŔȟȟŔʋʠŔɭȥɃɭȶɢơɢʋǫƎȍơɭǫȥ
ɽŔȍǬȥȟŔɽǬʽơɽʋɭơǫȍȥɃɭȶǿơȥǫȇǫȥljȍŔȟŔɽˊȶȥǫȍơ
ȟơˊƎŔȥŔnjơȍǫɭࡲ

हࠇ߿ʠɭŔɽǬ˖¡ǫnjɭơȥ
हࠁ߿ʠɭŔȍǬ¡ǫnjɭơȥ

ʠɭŔȍǬ¡ǫnjɭơȥࢎ‘ȍŔɽǫȇ¡ǫnjɭơȥ࢏
- FȥɽǬȇʽǫɽʠŔȍŔʠɭŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲࢎòȇȶʋȶȟ࢏
- áɭȶƎɭȶȟŔȍɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭࢎŔȥȇɽǫˊơʋơ࡫ŔȍǬȥnjŔȥȍǬȇ࡫
sinirlilik)
- ŁȶȥȇȍŔˊǬƃǬǠơȟǫȇɭŔȥǫŔȍŹŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬʋǫɢǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
ࢎ%ǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍƎơȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ࢏

eơɭǫȍǫȟʋǫɢǫࡪ %70
¡ǫnjɭơȥࡪ %16
ƇȍǬȇࡪ %19
òǫȥʧ˖ǫʋࡪ %16
þʧȟɃɭࡪ ह߿ࡲࠀ

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ʠɭŔɽǬ˖¡ǫnjɭơȥࢎeơȥơȍ¡ǫnjɭơȥ࢏
Soru
- áɭȶƎɭȶȟŔȍɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭˊȶȇ࡫ŔʠɭŔˊȶȇࡲ
- áơɭǫȶɭŹǫʋŔȍ࡫ŹǫȍŔʋɭŔȍ࡫˖ȶȥȇȍŔˊǬƃǬƎǬɭࡲ òŔȥǫˊơȍơɭǫƇǫȥƎơȟŔȇɽǫȟʠȟŔƇǬȇǬɢŹǫɭȇŔƇ
- FȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥȟǫnjɭơȥʋǫɢǫƎǫɭࡲࢎहࠆ߿࢏ ƎŔȇǫȇŔǫƇǫȥƎơɽȶȥȍŔȥŔȥࢨƎɭȶɢŔʋʋŔƃȇࢩʋǫɢǫ
ŹŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬǠŔȥnjǫɽǫȥƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡳ
A) Migren
%࢏‘ʧȟơʋǫɢǫŔǐɭǬ
-࢏þɭǫnjơȟǫȥŔȍȥơʽɭŔȍǿǫ
7࢏ƒȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫŔȍȇǫʋȍơʠˊŔɭǬɽǬ
F࢏òʠŹŔɭŔȇȥȶǫƎȇŔȥŔȟŔ

‘Ĕ¡F%÷hèzòzࢎqǫɽʋŔȟǫȥơɭǿǫȇŹŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬ࢏

- čȥǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍ࡫ɢơɭǫȶɭŹǫʋŔȍŹŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬ
- •ŔȇɭǫȟŔɽˊȶȥऋɭǫȥȶɭơ
- हࠀ߿߿¶ࠁŔǐɭǬɭŔǠŔʋȍŔɭࡲ
- Proflakside ʽơɭŔɢŔȟǫȍ࡫•ǫʋˊʠȟʽơȇȶɭʋǫȇȶɽʋơɭȶǫƎ
- ¶ɢǫŔʋȍŔɭȇȶȥʋɭŔơȥƎǫȇơ࡮

áŔʋȶljǫ˖ˊȶȍȶǿǫ
- òơɭŔʋȶȥǫȥŔɭʋǬʂǬ

þơʋǫȇȍơˊơȥbŔȇʋɃɭȍơɭ
%ơˊŔ˖ɢơˊȥǫɭ࡫ŔƇȍǬȇ࡫ɽʋɭơɽ࡫ʠˊȇʠɽʠ˖ȍʠȇ࡫ˊȶɭnjʠȥȍʠȇ࡫
ȟơȥɽʋʠɭŔɽˊȶȥ࡫ƇǫȇȶȍŔʋŔʽɽࡲ

þơƎŔʽǫ
ȇʠʋʋŔȇ
- Ergotamin
- 5-qþࢎɽơɭȶʋȶȥǫȥ࢏ŔnjȶȥǫɽʋȍơɭǫþɭǫɢʋŔȥȍŔɭ
ࢎɽʠȟŔʋɭǫɢʋŔȥ࡫ȥŔɭŔʋɭǫɢʋŔȥ࢏

ࡧáŔɭŔɽơʋŔȟȶȍ࡫ò࡫¥òƒ7
ࡧȥʋǫơȟơʋǫȇࢎȟơʋȶȇȍȶɢɭŔɢŔȟǫƎ࢏

áɭȶljȍŔȇɽǫࢎऑࠁŔʋŔȇࡸǠŔljʋŔ࢏
- Beta bloker (ilk tercih) ‘ɭȶȥǫȇáŔɭŔȇɽǫɽȟŔȍqơȟǫȇɭŔȥǫŔ
- áɭȶljǫȍŔȇɽǫƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍŔȥȟơʋǫ˖ơɭǿǫƎʽơɢǫ˖ȶʋǫljơȥ
ŔȇʠʋŔʋŔȇʋơƎŔʽǫɽǫȥƎơȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭɽŔŔǐɭǬˊǬŔɭʋǬɭǬɭȍŔɭࡲ - ‘ʧȟơʋǫɢǫŹŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬȥŔŹơȥ˖ơɭ
ȇʠʋŔʋŔȇʋŔȇȶȥʋɭơȥƎǫȇơƎǫɭࡲ - ʋŔȇȍŔɭƎŔǠŔȇǬɽŔʽơɽǬȇ
- ƒȥƎȶȟơʋŔɽǫȥơƇȶȇǫˊǫƃơʽŔɢ

áè¶bƒ•‘þƒ‘
þèƒeF¡ƒ¥•¥FĪ蕍ƒ
- %ơʋŔŹȍȶȇɃɭȍơɭࢎáɭȶɢȥŔȍȶȍ࡫¡ơʋȶɢɭȶȍȶȍ࢏
- Anti ƎơɢɭơɽŔȥȍŔɭࢎȟǫʋɭǫɢʋǫȍǫȥ࡫òòèz࢏ - þɭǫnjơȟǫȥŔȍɽǫȥǫɭǫȥơɭʽŔɽˊȶȥŹɃȍnjơɽǫȥƎơʂǫƎƎơʋȍǫ
- ȥʋǫơɢǫȍơɢʋǫȇǫȍŔƇȍŔɭࢎĪŔȍɢɭȶǫȇŔɽǫʋ࡫ʋȶɢǫɭŔȟŔʋ࡫ ŔǐɭǬऋ
njŔŹŔɢơȥʋǫȥ࢏ - ‘ŔƎǬȥƎŔɽǬȇ
- ‘ŔȍɽǫˊʠȟȇŔȥŔȍŹȍȶȇɃɭȍơɭǫࢎbȍʠȥŔɭǫ˖ǫȥ࡫ʽơɭŔɢŔȟǫȍ࢏ - ǐɭǬƎȶȇʠȥȟŔȇȍŔŔɭʋŔɭࡲ
- ¡ʠŔˊơȥơnjơȥơȍƎơȥȶɭȟŔȍƎǫɭ

þơƎŔʽǫࡪ ‘ŔɭŹŔȟŔ˖ơɢǫȥ࡮

138
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eȍȶɽɽȶljŔɭơȥnjơŔȍ¥ơʽɭŔȍǿǫ ࠀࡲ%ơˊȥǫȥ7ŔȟŔɭȍŔɭǬʽơ•ơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ

- ¶ɭȶljŔɭơȥȇɽ࡫ʋȶȥɽǫȍɢȍǫȇŔȍŔɭǬʽơƎǫȍȇɃȇʧȥƎơŔǐɭǬ Anterior Serebral Arter (ASA)

ǫȍơȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ - %ơˊǫȥˊŔɭǬȟȇʧɭơȍơɭǫŔɭŔɽǬȥǬŹơɽȍơɭࡲ
- ƒȍȇʋơƎŔʽǫɽơƇơȥơǐǫȇŔɭŹŔȟŔ˖ơɢǫȥƎǫɭࡲ - qŔɽŔɭǬȥƎŔȇȶȥʋɭŔȍŔʋơɭŔȍŔȍʋơȇɽʋɭơȟǫʋơƎơ
njʧƇɽʧ˖ȍʧȇऋɽljǫȥȇʋơɭȇʠɽʠɭʠnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ

òFèF%è¶Īò‘Ĕ•Fèqòþ•z‘•R

- ࠂࡲơȥɽǬȇɃȍʧȟȥơƎơȥǫƎǫɭࡲ

ɭʋơɭǫŔòơɭơŹɭǫ¡ơƎǫŔࢎ¡-࢏
- %ơˊǫȥȍŔʋơɭŔȍˊʧ˖ʧȥʧŹơɽȍơɭࡲ
- qŔɽŔɭǬȥƎŔŔljŔ˖ǫऋࢎȇȶȥʠʂȟŔŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ–
ƎȶȟǫȥŔȥʋǠơȟǫɽljơɭơʋȇǫȍơȥȟǫʂǫɽơ࢏
- ‘ȶȥʋɭŔȍŔʋơɭŔȍȟȶʋȶɭʽơƎʠˊɽŔȍȇŔˊǬɢࢎʧɽʋ
ơȇɽʋɭơȟǫʋơƎơŹŔɽȇǬȥ)

ɭʋơɭǫŔòơɭơŹɭǫáȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭࢎáò࢏
- ¶ȇɽǫɢǫʋŔȍȍȶŹŹơɽȍơɭ
- qŔɽŔɭǬȥƎŔȇȶȥʋɭŔȍŔʋơɭŔȍǠȶȟȶȥǫȟǠơȟǫŔȥȶɢɽǫ

139
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þơƎŔʽǫ
- t-PA (ilk 3 saatte)
- ò࡫ȇȍȶɢǫƎȶnjɭơȍ࡫ǠơɢŔɭǫȥ
- ‘ƒ%òʋƎࢎȟŔȥȥǫʋȶȍ࡫ljʠɭȶɽơȟǫƎ࡫ȟơȇŔȥǫȇ
ʽơȥʋǫȍŔʋɃɭ࢏

F¡%¶•ƒ‘òĪ¶
- òĪ¶ࢫȥʠȥहࠂࠄ– ࠃ߿ɽơŹơŹǫƎǫɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇ‘ŔɭȶʋǫɽŹǫljʠɭȇŔɽˊȶȥʠȥƎŔȥȇȶɢŔɭࡲ
- Emboli habercisi klinik TIAࢫƎǬɭࡲ

þŔȥǬ
ȥʋࡲòǫɭȇʧȍŔɽˊȶȥࢎ‘Ŕɭȶʋǫɽɽǫɽʋơȟǫ࢏ - ‘ŔɭȶʋǫɽƎȶɢȍơɭčòeࢎǫȍȇ࢏
- ¡ȶʋȶɭ࡫ƎʠˊɽŔȍȇŔˊǬɢऋŔljŔ˖ǫ - Karotis anjiografi (kesin)
áȶɽʋࡲòǫɭȇʧȍŔɽˊȶȥࢎʽơɭʋơŹɭŔŹŔɽǫȍȍơɭ࢏
- ‘ɭŔȥǫŔȍɽǫȥǫɭljơȍƇȍơɭǫऋɽơɭơŹơȍȍŔɭŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭ

þơƎŔʽǫ
- ASA
- ‘ȍȶɢǫƎȶnjɭơȍ
- qơɢŔɭǫȥ
þFè¶ò‘•Fè¶þƒ‘þ趡%¶þƒ‘òĪ¶ - Karotis balon-stent
- Karotis endarterektomi (%70 - 99)
- FȥɽǬȇ¡-ʋǬȇŔȥǬɭࡲ

þŔȥǬ
- %þࢎǫȍȇࠁࠃɽŔࡲ%ʠȍnjʠʽơɭȟơˊơŹǫȍǫɭࡲ࢏ ƒ¥þèòFèF%è•‘¥¡
- 7ǫljljʠ˖ˊȶȥ¡è
- FȥɽǬȇɽơŹơŹǫǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇɢʠʋŔȟơȥơȇŔȥŔɭࡲ

140
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

•Ŕȇʠȥơɭ ƒȥljŔȇʋ - •-7ȶɢŔ-7ȶɢŔȟǫȥơɭǿǫȇnjȶȥǫɽʋȍơɭ– ¡¶ƒ¥q

ࢎòơȍơǿǫǫȥ࡫ɭŔɽŔǿǫȍǫȥ࢏– -ȶȟʋƒȥǠǫŹǫʋɃɭȍơɭǫ
7ơɭǫȥɢơȥơʋɭŔȥŔɭʋơɭȍơɭǫȥȶȇȍʧ˖ˊȶȥʠǫȍơȶɭʋŔˊŔ ࢎFȥʋŔȇŔɢȶȥ࢏
ƇǬȇŔɭࡲ

ࡧqǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ࡫7¡
ࡧ¡ơȥʋŔȍˊǬȇǬȟ࡫ƎơȥnjơŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ࡫ɢɽɃƎȶŹʠȍŹơɭ
ɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫࢎ¡ʠȍʋǫǫȥljŔɭȇʋƎơȟŔȥɽ࢏

þŔȥǬࡪBT

òƒ¥ƒèòƒòþF¡ƒ7FF¥Fèþƒbqòþ•z‘•èz

ȍ˖ǠơǫȟơɭqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
- ĵŔʂȍǬȍŔɭƎŔơȥɽǬȇƎơȟŔȥɽ ɽơŹơŹǫƎǫɭࡲࢎࠁࡲ
¡ʠȍʋǫǫȥljŔɭȇʋƎơȟŔȥɽ࢏
- ¥ɃɭȶȥȟơȟŹɭŔȥǬȥƎŔŹơʋŔŹǫɭǫȇǫɭࡲࢎŹơʋŔࡸnjŔȟŔ
ɽơȇɭơʋŔ˖࢏– ࢎɽơȥǫȍɢȍŔȇ࢏ - ¥ǫnjɭȶɽʋɭǫŔʋŔȍyalaktaki ƎȶɢŔȟǫȥơɭǿǫȇ ȥɃɭȶȥ
ȇŔˊŹǬऋ
- e%ॷƃǠŔɭʋŔɭࡲ
ࡧʋɭȶljǫơȥŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥȶȍŔɭŔȇǠǫɢȶȇŔȟɢʠɽ࡫ɢŔɭǫˊơʋŔȍ࡫
þơƎŔʽǫ
ʋơȟɢȶɭŔȍ࡫ljɭȶȥʋŔȍȇȶɭʋơȇɽƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
- •ࡲƎȶɢŔࢎȇŔɭŹǫƎȶɢŔ࡫ŹơȥɽơɭŔ˖ǫƎǫȍơ࢏
ࡧ7ȶˁȥɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠȥƎŔƎŔǠŔɽǬȇࡲ
- ȥʋǫȇȶȍǫȥơɭǿǫȇȍơɭ࡫ŔȟŔȥʋŔƎǫȥ࡫ƎȶɢŔȟǫȥ
ࡧ¡ǫȇɭȶɽȇȶɢǫȇŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬɽơȥǫȍɢȍŔȇȍŔɭ࡫ȥɃɭȶljǫŹɭǫȇȍơɭ
agonistleri
ˊʠȟŔȇȍŔɭǠǫɭȶȥȶƃǫɽǫȟƃǫȇȍơɭǫʽơŔȟǫȇȶǫƎ
- Selejilin (MAO-B inh)
ŔȥǿǫȶɢŔʋǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧĵŔȇǬȥŹơȍȍơȇʋơŔ˖ŔȍȟŔʽơʠȥʠʋȇŔȥȍǬȇʋǫɢǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇ
ǫȍȇŹơȍǫɭʋǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧɃȥƃơȍǫȇȍơɭƃơɭǿǫȇȥɃɭȶȥȍȶɭơʋȇǫȍơȥǫɭࡲ
á葃¥ò¶¥á•čòòF¥7趡č

þơƎŔʽǫ
- þŔƃɭǫȥơ࡫Ǝȶȥơ˖ơɢǫȍ࡫ɭǫʽŔɽʋǫnjȟǫȥ࡫njȍŔȥʋŔȟǫȥ
ࠀ࢏¡ʠȍʋǫɽǫɽʋơȟŔʋɭȶljǫࢎ¡ò࢏ࡪ òơɭơŹơȍȍŔɭʽơ
ࢎɭơʽơɽǫŹȍơ‘F ǫȥǠࡲ࢏
ȶʋȶȥȶȟǫȇŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬȥơȇȍơȥǫɭࡲ
- ¡ơȟŔȥʋǫȥࢎ¥¡7ɭơɽɢʋɃɭŹȍȶȇơɭǫ࢏
Ŕࡲ¶ȍǫʽȶɢȶȥʋȶɽơɭơŹơȍȍŔɭʋɭȶljǫࢎ¡ò--࢏ࡪ serebellar
áƒ-‘7F¡¥òz
ʽơɢȶȥɽŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬࡲ
- bɭȶȥʋȶʋơȟɢȶɭŔȍȍȶŹŔʋɭȶljǫɽǫ ŹࡲòʋɭǫŔʋȶȥǫnjɭŔȍ7ơǿơȥơɭŔɽˊȶȥࢎ¡ò-á࢏ࡪ ʋǫɢǫȇ
- áǫƃȇƃǫɽǫȟƃǫǐǫࢎʋŔʠɢɭȶʋơǫȥǫ࢏ ȶȍŔɭŔȇƎȶɢŔȟǫȥơƃơʽŔɢˊȶȇ࡫ŹŔʂǬȥɃȥơơǐǫȍȟơɽǫ
ʽŔɭࡲ
ƃࡲòǠˊ-ƎɭŔnjơɭòơȥƎɭȶȟʠࡪ ¶ʋȶȥȶȟǫȇŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭ
belirgin (hipotansiyon vs.)
á葃¥ò¶¥qòþ•zhz
ࠁ࢏áɭȶnjɭơɽɽǫljòʠɢɭŔȥʧȇȍơơɭáŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫࡪ7ơȟŔȥɽ࡫
- FȥɽǬȇǫƎǫȶɢŔʋǫȇɢŔɭȇǫȥɽȶȥǫ˖ȟऋ
ƎơȥnjơŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ࡫ŹʠȍŹơɭʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʽơơȇɽʋɭŔȶȇʧȍơɭ
- òơȇȶȥƎơɭࡪǫȍŔƇȍŔɭ࡫ǫȥʋȶȇɽǫȇŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ
ȇŔɽɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫɽǫȥơŹŔǐȍǬƎǫɢȍȶɢǫʽơɽǫȟơʋɭǫ
- þɭơȟȶɭ࡫ɭǫǿǫƎǫʋơ࡫ŹɭŔƎǫȇǫȥơ˖ǫ࡫ȟŔɽȇơˊʧ˖࡫ɢȶɽʋʠɭ
Ǝơǐǫʂǫȇȍǫȇȍơɭǫ ࠂ࢏‘ŔɭʋǫȇȶŹŔ˖Ŕȍ7ơǿơȥơɭŔɽˊȶȥࡪ K Rijidite
ȟơʽƃʠʋʋʠɭࡲɽǫȟơʋɭǫȇơȇɽʋɭơȟǫʋơŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬˊŔȥǬȥƎŔ
ơȇɽʋɭŔɢǫɭŔȟǫƎŔȍŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭࡲ
%ƒ•ƒ¥¡FòƒeFèF‘F¥•Fè
ࠃ࢏•ơˁˊƃǫɽǫȟƃǫȇȍơɭǫƎơȟŔȥɽࡪơȇɽʋɭŔɢǫɭŔȟǫƎŔȍ
- FȥɽǬȇǫƎǫˊȶɢŔʋǫȇ ŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭʽơnjɃɭɽơȍǠŔȍʧɽǫȥŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ
- •ơˁˊƃǫɽǫȟƃǫǐǫ
ࠄ࢏eʠŔȟࢫǬȥáŔɭȇǫȥɽȶȥ– 7ơȟŔȥɽ•òȇȶȟɢȍơȇɽǫ
- áŔɭȇǫȥɽȶȥʋɭơȟȶɭʠǫȍȇɽơȟɢʋȶȟ
- èǫǿǫƎǫʋơ࡫ɭŔƎǫȇǫȥơ˖ǫ࡫ɢȶɽʋʧɭƎơǐǫʂǫȇȍǫȇȍơɭǫ

141
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

qč¥þƒ¥eþ¶¥qòþ•zhz þơƎŔʽǫ

qŔɭơȇơʋŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠȇȍŔɭǬ࡫ɢɽǫȇǫˊŔʋɭǫȇɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭʽơ èǫȍʠ˖ȶȍࡪ ȟǫˊȶʋɭȶljǫȇ•ŔʋơɭŔȍòȇȍơɭȶ˖ȍʠǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔ

ƎơȟŔȥɽȍŔȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơȶʋȶ˖ȶȟŔȍƎȶȟǫȥŔȥʋ ȥɃɭȶȥǠŔɭŔŹǫˊơʋǫȥǫˊŔʽŔʂȍŔʋǬɭࡲ%ǫɭ¥¡7ࢎ¥-metin
dejeȥơɭŔʋǫljŹǫɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇʋǬɭࡲ D-ŔɽɢȶɭʋŔʋ࢏ɭơɽơɢʋɃɭŔȥʋȶnjȶȥǫɽʋƎǫɭࡲ

40 – ࠄ߿ˊŔʂȍŔɭƎŔŹŔʂȍŔɭࡲ7ɃɭƎʧȥƃʧȇɭȶȟȶ˖ȶȟƎŔ ÄȍʧȟŔɽɢǫɭŔɽˊȶȥɢȥɃȟȶȥǫɽǫʽơɽȶȍʠȥʠȟ
ʋɭǫȥʧȇȍơȶʋǫƎʋơȇɭŔɭȍŔɭࢎ-e࢏ʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ ˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫࡲ

‘ȶɭơʽơɢɽǫȇǫˊŔʋɭǫȇɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭƎŔȥɽȶȥɭŔƎơȟŔȥɽ
njơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ
áòÄ7¶%č•%Fèá•òƒ
ÄȥƃơȍǫȇȍǫǠŔɽŔɭŹŔ˖ŔȍnjŔȥnjȍǫˊȶȥȍŔɭƎŔƎǬɭࡲ
‘ȶɭʋǫȇȶŹʠȍŹơɭȟȶʋȶɭȥɃɭȶȥȍŔɭǬȥ
ƎơǿơȥơɭŔɽˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲࠄ࡫ࠆ࡫ࠈ࡫ࠀ߿࡫ࠀࠀ࡫ࠀࠁ࡫‘ࡲ
òǫȥǫɭȍơɭɽʠɢɭŔȥʧȇȍơơɭࢎĔ¡¥࢏ǠŔɽŔɭȍŔȥȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ
ʋŔȇɽǫȍơɭ þɭŔƃʋʠɽƃȶɭʋǫƃȶɽɢǫȥŔȍǫɽࢫǫȥŔȥŔȍȶǐʠƎʠɭࡲ
bɭơǫơƎɭơǫƃǠʋŔȇɽǫɽǫ ĵʠʋȟŔ࡫ȇȶȥʠʂȟŔnjʧƇȍʧǐʧऋ
- ¶ʋȶ˖ȶȟŔʋ ɭơɽơɽǫljnjơƇǫʂȍǫʋɭǫȥʧȇȍơȶʋǫƎʋơȇɭŔɭ FȟȶɽˊȶȥơȍȍŔŹǫȍǫʋơ࡫ŔǐȍŔȟŔ-njʧȍȟơȇɭǫ˖ȍơɭǫऋ
ɽơȥƎɭȶȟȍŔɭǬȥƎŔƎǬɭࡲ
- ࠁ߿ˊŔʂǬȥƎŔȥɃȥƃơˊʧɭʧȟơƎơƎơȥnjơɽǫ˖ȍǫȇǫȍơ
ŹŔʂȍŔɭࡲqŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔŔʋŔȇɽǫȥǫȥˊŔȥǬɽǬɭŔŹŔʂ
ƎɃȥȟơɽǫ࡫ɽȇȶȍˊȶ˖࡫ȇŔɭƎǫŔȇŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
- áȶɽʋࡲɽɢǫȥŔȍȇȶɭƎ࡫ȇȶɭʋǫȇȶɽɢǫȥŔȍʋɭȶȇʋʠɽ࡫
ɽɢǫȥȟȶɽơɭơŹȍȍơɭʋɭŔȇʋʠɽȥɃɭȶȥȍŔɭǬƎơǿơȥơɭơȶȍʠɭࡲ
- ƒȍơɭȍơˊơȥƎɃȥơȟƎơǫʂǫʋȟơȇŔˊŹǬ࡫njɃɭȟơȇŔˊŹǬ
ࢎɭơʋǫȥǫʋǫɽɢǫnjȟơȥʋȶ˖Ŕ࢏࡫ɽljǫȥȇʋơɭŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

ʋŔȇȍɽǫþơȍŔȥǿǫơȇʋŔ˖ǫ

- qŔˊŔʋǬȥǬȥǫȍȇˊǬȍǬȥƎŔɢȶɽʋʠɭŔȍǫȥɽʋŔŹǫȍǫʋơʽơ
ŔʋŔȇɽǫǫȍơŹŔʂȍŔɭࡲ¶ȇʠȍȶȇʠʋŔȥɃ˖ʋơȍŔȥǿǫơȇʋŔ˖ǫȍơɭ 3 –
ࠅˊŔʂǬȥƎŔŹŔʂȍŔɭʽʧƃʠƎŔˊŔˊǬȍǬɭࡲ
- qơȟŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȇȟŔȍǫnjȥǫʋơɭǫɽȇǫŔɭʋȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ

òქ•¡čò‘č•Fèþè¶bƒ

- ¡ࡲòɢǫȥŔȍǫɽɃȥŹȶˊȥʠ˖ȟȶʋȶɭ ȥɃɭȶȥ
ƎơǿơȥơɭŔɽˊȶȥʠऋ
- ¶è࡫ò¡¥njơȥȟʠʋŔɽˊȶȥʠ
- bȍŔɽȇɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫऋljŔɽȇʠȍŔɽˊȶȥऋ
- F¡eࢫƎơƎŔǐǬȥǬȇȇŔɽnjɭʠɢȍŔɭǬȥƎŔƎơȥơɭʽŔɽˊȶȥ࡫
fibrilasyon

¡ĵ¶þè¶bƒ‘•þFè•ò‘•Fè¶Łࢎ•ò࢏ ĭFè7¥ƒeq¶bb¡¥qòþ•zhz
- qơȟࠀࡲqơȟࠁࡲ¡ȶʋȶɭȥɃɭȶȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬƎǬɭࡲ - bơʋŔȍǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭƎơŔ˖ŔȍȟŔ
- FȇɽʋɭŔȶȇʠȍơɭȇŔɽȍŔɭʋʠʋʠȍȟŔ˖ࡲ - 7ȶǐʠȟƎŔǠǫɢȶʋȶȥǫ
- 1ǫǐȥơȟơ࡫ˊʠʋȟŔ࡫ȇȶȥʠʂȟŔŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ - ‘ȶȍʽơŹŔƃŔȇȍŔɭƎŔŔŹƎʠȇɽǫˊȶȥʽơƎǬʂɭȶʋŔɽˊȶn
- FȇɽʋɭơȟǫʋơȍơɭƎơɽɢŔɽʋǫȇɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫऋ - ‘ȶȥʋɭŔȇʋʧɭȍơɭ࡫ŔʋɭȶljǫʽơljŔɽǫȇʠȍŔɽˊȶȥ
ljŔɽǫȇʠȍŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭऋ - हࠈࠄǫȍȇࠀࠇŔˊƎŔɃȍʧȟ

142
 Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar

‘čeF•%FèeĭFq•¥7Fèqòþ•zhz

- 1ȶƃʠȇȍʠȇŔƎȶȍơɽŔȥƎɃȥơȟƎơŹŔʂȍŔɭࡲ
- áɭȶȇɽǫȟŔȍȇŔɽȍŔɭƎŔȇʠʽʽơʋɽǫ˖ȍǫȇʽơŔʋɭȶljǫ
- ĵŔʽŔʂǫȍơɭȍơɭ
- -ǫƎƎǫɽơȇơȍȶȍȟŔƎŔȥʠ˖ʠȥˊǬȍȍŔɭˊŔʂŔˊŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ

þèƒ¥č‘•F¶þƒ7þF‘èèòF¥7趡•èz

• Myotonik distrofi
ࡧqʠȥʋǫȥnjʋȶȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
ࡧbɭŔǿǫȍĴɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
ࡧbɭǫơƎɭǫƃǠǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
ࡧ‘ơȥȥơƎˊǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ

7FF¥FèþƒbF¥bF‘òƒĵÄŁqòþ•z‘•è
- ĵŔʽŔʂʽǫɭʧɽǫȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
- áɭǫȶȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇȍŔɭǬ
ĵĪ÷ĪƒèĔòF¥bF‘òƒĵ¶¥•èz
Progresif ¡ʠȍʋǫljȶȇŔȍ•ɃȇȶơȥɽơljŔȍȶɢŔʋǫ
- Fʋȇơȥ-ʽǫɭʧɽ
- ƒȟȟʠȥɽʠɢɭơɽơǠŔɽʋŔȍŔɭƎŔnjɃɭʧȍʧɭ
- ¶ȍǫnjȶƎơȥʋɭȶɽǫʋȍơɭǫʋʠʋŔɭࡲ
SSPE
- ‘Ǭ˖ŔȟǬȇˊŔʽŔʂʽǫɭʧɽơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ
- 7ơȟˊơȍǫȥǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥˊŔɢŔɭࡲ
- %¶òࢫʋŔˊʧȇɽơȇȇǬ˖ŔȟǬȇŔȥʋǫȇȶɭȍŔɭǬŹʠȍʠȥʠɭࡲ
òƒ¥ƒèòƒòþF¡ƒ¥ƒ¥7F¡ĵF•ƒ¥ƒŁ¥qòþ•z‘•èz
¡č•þƒá•Fò‘•Fè¶Ł
ࡧFȥɽǬȇƎơȟˊơȍǫȥǫ˖ŔȥǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇʋǬɭࡲ
• 20-ࠃ߿ˊŔʂȇŔƎǬȥ
ࡧ¶ɢʋǫȇȥɃɭǫʋǫȥơȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥǫ¡òࡶʋǬɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥʋǫɢǫहࠇࠄǫȍơŔɭŔƎɃȥơȟȍơɭǫȥ
ǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇɽǬ˖ȶȍƎʠǐʠɭơȍŔɢɽ-ɭơȟǫʋʋǫȥnjljȶɭȟƎʠɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥɽơȟɢʋȶȟǠŔȍɽǫ˖ȍǫȇʋǫɭʽơ
ɢŔɭơɽʋơ˖ǫƎǫɭ
ࡧáơɭǫʽơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍơɭŹơˊŔ˖ƃơʽǠơɭࢀơȥɽǬȇ࢏ʋʠʋʠȍŔȥ
ŔȍŔȥƎǬɭࡲ
• Major Basic Protein- èơŔȇʋǫljþȍơȥljȶɽǫʋȍơɭऋ
ࡧ¡òɢơɭǫljơɭǫȇɽǫȥǫɭɽǫɽʋơȟǫȥǫʋʠʋȟŔ˖࡮

á胶¥qòþ•z‘•èz
- -ɭơʠʋ˖ljơȍƎ-ŔȇȶŹǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
- ‘ʠɭʠ
- eơɭɽʋȟŔȥ-òʋɭŔʠɽȍơɭ
- Fatal familial insomnia
- Deli dana

-ɭơʠʋ˖ljơȍƎ-ŔȇȶŹǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ
ࡧ7ơȟŔȥɽऋ¡ˊȶȇȍȶȥʠɽ
ࡧòɢȶȥnjǫȶljȶɭȟࢎʽŔǿˊǬȇơɭ࢏ƎơǿơȥơɭŔɽˊȶȥऋ
• PrP
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• MR
ࡧ¡èࢫƎŔȟʠȍʋǫɢȍơɽȇȍơɭȶ˖ɢȍŔȇȍŔɭǬ
ࡧ%¶òǫȥƃơȍơȟơɽǫȥƎơ¶ȍǫnjȶȇȍȶȥȟŔȍŹŔȥƎहࠈࠄࢫǫȥƎơ
ɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljʋǫɭࡲ

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%ǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍǫȥʋơɭȥʠȇȍơơɭȶljʋŔȍȟȶɢȍơǿǫʋơɽɢǫʋ
ơƎǫȍơȥǠŔɽʋŔƎŔǫȍȇŔȇȍŔnjơȍơƃơȇǠŔɽʋŔȍǬȇ
ŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫƎǫɭࡳ
࢏‘ȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍȥǫɽʋŔnjȟʠɽ
%࢏òɢǫȥȶɽơɭơŹơȍȍŔɭƎơǿơȥơɭŔɽˊȶȥ
-࢏¡ʠȍʋǫɢȍɽȇȍơɭȶ˖
D) Kronik menenjit
F࢏áɭȶnjɭơɽǫljɽʠɢɭŔȥʠȇȍơơɭɢŔȍɽˊࢎáòá࢏

ƒĵƒ KÖTÜ
¡è‘ɭǫʋơɭȍơɭǫ
ࡧ¡èࡵƎŔƎɃɭʋˊŔƎŔ ƎŔǠŔljŔ˖ȍŔŹơˊŔ˖ƃơʽǠơɭ
-ƒ¥òƒĵFþ ‘ŔƎǬȥ Erkek
ŹʠȍʠȥȟŔɽǬ
ࡧ1ŔɢǬऑࠅȟȟȶȍŔȥŹơˊŔ˖ƃơʽǠơɭȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭǬ
%÷•¡ĵ÷z eF¥1ࢎऒࠁࠄˊŔʂ࢏ eơƇࢎऑࠃ߿ˊŔʂ࢏
ࡧ•ŔʋơɭŔȍʽơȥʋɭǫȇʠȍȍơɭơƎǫȇȍơ˖ˊȶȥȍŔɭ
ࡧ•ŔʋơɭŔȍʽơȥʋɭǫȇʠȍơȇȶȟʂʠ࡫ɢơɭǫʽơȥʋɭǫȇʠȍơɭŔȍŔȥ࡫ %÷•¥ez1
Sensorial Motor
ȇȶɭɢʠɽȇŔȍȍȶ˖ʠȟˊŔƎŔǫȥljɭŔʋơȥʋȶɭˊŔȍˊơɭȍơʂǫȟȍǫơȥ òF¡áþ¶¡č
Ŕ˖Źǫɭȍơ˖ˊȶȥʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ Kronik
‘•ƒ¥ƒ‘eƒ7ƒ÷ èơȍŔɢɽȍŔɭȍŔ
ɢɭȶnjɭơɽǫlj
ƒ•‘ࠁĵz•7
7ʧʂʧȇ ĵʧȇɽơȇ
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¶áþƒ‘¥Äèƒþ áŔɢǫȍȍǫʋ èơʋɭȶŹʠȍŹŔɭ
¶•¡č÷ò (Anterior) (Posterior)

þơƎŔʽǫ
ࡧȇʠʋŔʋŔȇʋŔɢʠȍɽơɽʋơɭȶǫƎ
ࡧèơȟǫɽˊȶȥɽʧɭƎʧɭʧȍȟơɽǫȥƎơzb¥-B
ࡧeȍŔʋǫɭŔȟơɭŔɽơʋŔʋ

¡ƒþ¶Ĵ¥þ趥F
z¥¶ࢎǫȥʋơɭȥʠȇȍơơɭȶljʋŔȍȟȶɢȍơǿǫ࢏ qʧƃɭơ7¥ࢫɽǬȥƎŔŹŔǐȍŔȥŔɭŔȇơʋȇǫơƎơɭʽơˊǬȇǬƃǬ
ࡧ¡•bȍơ˖ˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲࢎ¡ơƎǫŔȍ•ȶȥnjǫʋʠƎǫȥŔȍljŔɽǫȇʠȍʠɽࡪ njɃɭơʽȍơɭʧɽʋȍơȥơŹǫȍơƃơȇŔȇʋǫʽơþʽơ%Ǡʧƃɭơȍơɭǫȥǫ
ࢎ¡•b࢏zzzࡲʽơzĪࡲɽǫȥǫɭȥʧȇȍơʠɽȍŔɭǬǫȍơŹŔǐȍŔȥʋǬɽǬȶȍŔȥ ȶɭʋŔƎŔȥȇŔȍƎǬɭǬɭࡲ
ŔȥŔʋȶȟǫȇŹǫɭˊȶȍƎʠɭࡲ࢏
ࡧeơȥƇȍơɭƎơȟʠȍʋǫɢȍơɽȇȍơɭȶ˖࡫ˊŔʂȍǬȍŔɭॷ ȇʠʋƎǫɽɽơȟǫȥơơȥɽơljŔȍȶȟˊơȍǫʋࢎ7F¡࢏
ɽơɭơŹɭȶʽŔɽȇʧȍơɭȶȍŔˊ ࡧĪǫɭŔȍơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥʽơŔʂǬȍŔȥȟŔɽȶȥɭŔɽǬ
ࡧ‘ȶȥǿʠnjơŹŔȇǬʂŹȶ˖ʠȍʠɭࡲ ࡧ7ơȟˊơȍǫȥǫ˖ŔɽˊȶȥࢎȟȶȥȶljŔ˖ǫȇ࢏
ࡧ1ȶƃʠȇǠŔɽʋŔ

þơƎŔʽǫࡪ áȍŔɽȟŔljơɭơ˖

7FĪz-qòþ•zhzࢎ¥¶è¶¡ĵF•ƒþƒò¶áþƒ‘࢏
ࡧ¶ɢʋǫȇɽǫȥǫɭʽơɽɢǫȥŔȍȇȶɭƎʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠŹǫɭŔɭŔƎŔ
ȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࡧ%ŔʂȍŔȥnjǬƇŹʠȍnjʠɽʠʋơȇʽơˊŔǫȇǫʋŔɭŔljȍǬŔȥǫnjɃɭȟơ
ȇŔˊŹǬ
ࡧqŔɽʋŔȍǬǐŔɃ˖njʧ¥¡¶ࢎȥʋǫŔɩʠŔɢȶɭǫȥࠃ࢏
ŔȥʋǫȇȶɭȍŔɭǬȥǬȥŹʠȍʠȥȟŔɽǬˊȍŔ¡òʽŔȇŔȍŔɭǫȥƎŔȥŔˊǬɭʋ
edilirࡲ

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Guillain-%ŔɭɭơòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ Klinik
ࡧĪǫɭŔȍࡸŹŔȇʋơɭǫơȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥɽȶȥɭŔɽǬࢎĔòĵFࡸezò࢏ ࡧ‘ʠʽʽơʋŔ˖ȍǬǐǬࢎɢɭȶȇɽǫȟŔȍ࡫ȥŔƎǫɭơȥƎǫɽʋŔȍ࢏
ࡧáơɭǫljơɭǫȇɽǫȥǫɭȍơɭơȇŔɭʂǬŔȥʋǫȇȶɭnjơȍǫʂǫɭࡲ • Atrofi
ࡧ7ǫɽʋŔȍƎơȥŹŔʂȍŔˊŔȥŔɽơƎŔȥɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫʋǫɢǫȇʋǫɭࡲ ࡧáɽɃƎȶǠǫɢơɭʋɭȶljǫ
ࡧ‘ŔɭƎǫˊȶȟˊȶɢŔʋǫ
Äȍʧȟࡪòȶȍʠȥʠȟˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫ ࡧƒȍơʋǫƎơljơȇʋȍơɭǫ
ࡧ-ŔȟɢˊȍȶŹŔʽʋơɭǿơǿʠȥǫ
ࡧòǫȥǫɭǫȍơʋǫȟƇŔȍǬʂȟŔȍŔɭǬǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬȥơɭȇơȥ
ƎɃȥơȟǫȥƎơȥȶɭȟŔȍࡲ7ŔǠŔɽȶȥɭŔǫȍơʋǫȟǠǬ˖Ǭ •ŔŹȶɭŔʋʠʽŔɭþơʋȇǫȇȍơɭǫ
ˊŔʽŔʂȍŔɭࡲ ࡧ-‘࡫•7q࡫ȍƎȶȍȶ˖ˊʧȇɽơȇȍǫǐǫ
ࡧF¡eࢫƎơȟˊȶɢŔʋǫȇɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭ
þŔȥǬ ࡧ‘ŔɽŹǫˊȶɢɽǫɽǫ
- %ȶɽࢫʋŔŔȍŹʠȟǫȥȶɽǫʋȶȍȶǿǫȇƎǫɽɽȶɽǫŔɽˊȶȥ ࡧeơȥơʋǫȇǫȥƃơȍơȟơ
þơƎŔʽǫ
- áȍŔ˖ȟŔljơɭơ˖ࢎǫȍȇʋơɭƃǫǠ࢏
- zĪze 7ʠƃǠơȥȥơ¡ʠɽȇʠȍơɭ7ǫɽʋɭȶljǫ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥʋǫɢʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧĴࢫơŹŔǐȍǬɭơɽơɽǫljnjơƇǫʂࡲ
¡ǫȍȍơɭ-bǫɽǠơɭòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ ࡧáɭȶȇɽǫȟŔȍȇŔɽȍŔɭʋʠʋʠȍʠɭࡲࢎeȶˁơɭࢫɽɽǫȥnj࢏
ࡧáɽơʠƎȶǠǫɢơɭʋɭȶljǫࢎहࠇ߿࢏
eʠȍȍŔǫȥ-ŹŔɭɭơɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠȥʠȥȶljʋŔȍȟȶɢȍơǿǫ࡫
Ŕɭơljȍơȇɽǫ࡫ŔʋŔȇɽǫơʂȍǫȇȍơƎơȥljȶɭȟʠƎʠɭࡲ

7ƒ%Fþƒ‘¥Äè¶áþƒ

7ǫŔŹơʋǫȇɢȶȍǫȥɃɭȶɢŔʋǫࡪ 7ʠˊʠɽơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭǬ
ŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥƎǫɭࡲ
¶ʋȶȥȶȟǫȇȥɃɭȶɢŔʋǫࡪƒȟɢȶʋŔȥɽ࡫ȥȶȇʋʠɭȥŔȍƎǫŔɭŔ࡫
ɢȶɽʋʠɭŔȍǠǫɢȶʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥʽơʋơɭȍơȟơljŔ˖ȍŔȍǬǐǬ
7ǫŔŹơʋǫȇȟȶȥȶȥɃɭȶɢŔʋǫࡪ7ǫŔŹơʋǫȥɽơˊɭǫȥƎơơȥɽǬȇ
ࠂࡲòǫȥǫɭʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠɽɃ˖ȇȶȥʠɽʠƎʠɭࡲFȥɽǬȇɢơɭǫljơɭǫȇ
ʋʠʋʠȍʠȟ¥ࡲbơȟȶɭŔȍǫɽࢫƎǫɭࡲ
- Distrofin ɢɭȶʋơǫȥˊȶȇࡲ
- ‘ŔȍɢȇŔɽǬʋʠʋʠȍʠȟʠऋɽȶȍʠȥʠȟˊơʋȟơ˖ȍǫǐǫऋ

þŔȥǬ
¥čþèƒòĵ¶¥F•¥Äè¶áþƒ•Fè ࡧ-á‘ࢎ‘ɭơŔʋǫȥljȶɽljȶȇǫȥŔ˖࢏ˊʧȇɽơȇ
ࡧF¡e
%ࠀࠁơȇɽǫȇȍǫǐǫ ࡧ‘ŔɽŹǫȶɢɽǫɽǫࢎȇơɽǫȥʋŔȥǬ࢏
ࡧáȶȍǫȥɃɭȶɢŔʋǫ
• Demans þơƎŔʽǫࡪòơȟɢʋȶȟŔʋǫȇ
ࡧáȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭȇȶȍȶȥɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠࢎèȶȟŹơɭnjऋ࢏
ࡧòɢŔɽʋǫɽǫʋơ࡫ɢŔɭŔɢŔɭơ˖ǫ
%ơƃȇơɭþǫɢǫ¡ʠɽȇʠȍơɭ7ǫɽʋɭȶljǫ
ࡧĴࢫơŹŔǐȍǬɭơɽơɽǫlj
bȶȍǫȇɽǫʋFȇɽǫȇȍǫǐǫ ࡧ7ǫɽʋɭȶljǫȥʽŔɭŔȟŔƎơljơȇʋǫlj
ࡧ7ʠƃǠơȥȥơnjɃɭơƎŔǠŔˊŔʽŔʂseyirli
- ‘ȍǫȥǫȇʋŔŹȍȶ%ࠀࠁơȇɽǫȇȍǫǐǫȥơŹơȥ˖ơɭࡲ
- 7ơȟŔȥɽơȥŹơȍǫɭnjǫȥɽơȟɢʋȶȟࡲ

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DɧǨɻȄǨȢ˃ŔɻNJɧʙŸʙȢʙȢƟȢɷǩȄǝƟɧƟƌǨʄƟɧȄŔɷ
ǝŔɷʄŔȊǩǍǩࡲ

ࡧ¶ʋȶ˖ȶȟŔȍƎȶȟǫȥŔȥʋ
ࡧ‘ŔɽǬȍŔȥȇŔɽnjơʽʂơˊơȟơ˖ࢎȟˊȶʋȶȥǫ࢏
ࡧþǫɢǫȇȟˊȶɢŔʋǫȇˊʧ˖njɃɭʧȥʧȟʧऋࢎljɭȶȥʋŔȍȇơȍȍǫȇ࡫
ɢǫʋȶ˖࡫ƇɃȇʧȇˊŔȥŔȇȍŔɭ࢏
ࡧ‘ŔʋŔɭŔȇʋ࡫ʋơɽʋǫȇʧȍơɭŔʋɭȶljǫ࡫ǿǫȥơȇȶȟŔɽʋǫ࡫7¡࡫
ȇŔɭƎǫŔȇŔɭǫʋȟǫȍơɭऋ
þɭǫȥʠȇȍơȶʋǫƎʋơȇɭŔɭɽơȥƎɭȶȟȍŔɭǬȥƎŔȥࡲ

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¡ĵòþF¥ƒeèĪƒò
• 20-ࠃ߿ˊŔʂ࡫ȇŔƎǬȥࡵ
ࡧ¶ʋȶǫȟȟʠȥࢎɢȶɽʋɽǫȥŔɢʋǫȇƃǠ-R)
ࡧ‘ŔɽnjʧƇɽʧ˖ȍʧǐʧऋ
• Timoma (%10)
ࡧáʋȶ˖ǫɽࢎǫȍȇʽơơȥɽǬȇŹʠȍnjʠ࢏࡫Ǝǫɢȍȶɢǫࢎȶȇʠȍơɭ¡e࢏ࡵ
ࡧ‘ȶȥʠʂȟŔ࡫ˊʠʋȟŔ࡫ƇǫǐȥơȟơࡲɽȶȍʠȥʠȟnjʧƇȍʧǐʧࡵ

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ࡧFƎɭȶljȶȥǫʠȟȇȍȶɭǫƎࡪ
þŔȥǬƎŔŔȥʋǫȇȶȍǫȥơɽʋơɭŔ˖
ǫȍŔƇȍŔɭƎŔȥˊŔɭŔɭȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
FƎɭȶljljȶȥˊʠȟȇȍȶɭǫƎ
ࢎþơȥɽǫȍȶȥ࢏ơȥǿơȇʋơơƎǫȍǫɭࡲ
eɃ˖ȍơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭǫˊǫȍơʂȟơ
ࢎɢǫʋȶ˖ƎŔƎʧ˖ơȍȟơ࢏ʽŔɭɽŔ
ʋơɽʋɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljʋǫɭࡲ
• Tek-ȍǫljơȍơȇʋɭȶȟǫˊȶnjɭŔljǫơȥɽơȥɽǫʋǫljࡲ

þơƎŔʽǫ
ࡧɽơʋǫȍȇȶȍǫȥơɽʋơɭŔ˖ǫȥǠࡲࢎɢɭǫƎȶɽʋǫnjȟǫȥ࢏
ࡧáȍŔɽȟŔljơɭơ˖࡫ǫȟʠɽʠɢɽơɽǫljȍơɭ
bŔɽǫȶɽȇŔɢʠȍȶǠʠȟȶɭŔȍ7ǫɽʋɭȶljǫ • Timektomi
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ࡧĵʧ˖ȇŔɽȍŔɭǬ࡫ɽȇŔɢʠȍŔˊǬljǫɽȇơơƎơȥȇŔɽȍŔɭ࡫ǠʠȟơɭŔȍ
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ࡧáɭơɽǫȥŔɢʋǫȇ-ŔऋऋȇŔȥŔȍǬȥŔȇŔɭʂǬŔȥʋǫȇȶɭࡲ
• Sabah njʧƇɽʧ˖ȍʧǐʧʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲFnj˖ơɭɽǫ˖njʧƃʧ ŔɭʋǬɭǬɭࡲ
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FȇɽʋŔȶȇʠȍơɭȇŔɽȍŔɭʋʠʋʠȍȟŔ˖ࡲ
• TeȥɽǫȍȶȥʋơɽʋǫȥơˊŔȥǬʋˊȶȇʋʠɭࡲ
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ࡧ¥Ŕɭȇȶȍơɢɽǫࡪ Herhangi bir saatte ortaya ƇǬȇŔȥ

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ŔʋŔȇȍŔɭǬˊȍŔȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲčˊŔȥǬȇȍǬȇʋŔȥ ǠǬ˖ȍŔèF¡
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ࡧčˊȇʠɢŔɭŔȍǫ˖ǫɽǫ
• qǫɢȥȶnjŔǿǫȇǠŔȍʠɽǫȍŔɽˊȶȥȍŔɭ (uykuya dalmadan
önce)

Hypocretin ve orexin nörotransmitter

ƟȄɷǨȄȊǨǍǨȢƟŸŔǍȊǩȲȊʙɻʙɧࡲ

þơƎŔʽǫƎơòòòɽʋǫȟʠȍŔȥȍŔɭǬ࡫ʋɭǫɽǫȇȍǫȇ
ŔȥʋǫƎơɢɭơɽŔȥȍŔɭʽơȟȶƎŔljǫȥǫȍȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ

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Ǡǫɽɽǫࡲ
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Nöroşirurji

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ࠀࠁࡲ¥Äè¶÷ƒèč荃
Subfalksian herniasyon
• Cingulate gyrus
• Anterior serebral artere basar
Transtentorial Herniasyon
ࡧFȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥǠơɭȥǫŔɽˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲ
ࡧþơȟɢȶɭŔȍȍȶŹʠȥʠȥƃʠɽʠǠơɭȥǫơȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࡧࠂࡲ‘ɭŔȥǫŔȍɽǫȥǫɭࢎŔȥǫ˖ȶȇȶɭǫ࢏
• Posterior serebral ŔɭʋơɭơŹŔɽŔɭࡲ
149
Küçük Stajlar • Sihirli Dokunuşlar
Tonsiller Herniasyon
• Serebellar tonsiller
ࡧ¡ơƎʠȍȍŔȶŹȍȶȥnjŔʋŔࢎɽȶȍʠȥʠȟȟơɭȇơ˖ǫ࢏
Soru
ʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫƎʠɭʠȟȍŔɭƎŔȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫȥƎơˊŔʂŔȟŔȍ
ljȶȥȇɽǫˊȶȥȍŔɭȶȍŔȥɽȶȍʠȥʠȟʽơƎȶȍŔʂǬȟƃǫƎƎǫ
ʋơǠȍǫȇơŔȍʋǬȥƎŔƎǬɭࡳ
࢏òʠŹljȍŔȇɽǫŔȥǠơɭȥǫŔɽˊȶȥ
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7࢏•ʠȟŹơɭƎǫɽȇǠơɭȥǫŔɽˊȶȥʠ
F࢏òơɭʽǫȇŔȍƎǫɽȇǠơɭȥǫŔɽˊȶȥʠ
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ࡧȥǫ࡫ƇȶȇʂǫƎƎơʋȍǫŹŔʂŔǐɭǬɽǬऋ
ࡧ¡ơȥǫȥȇɽǫɭɭǫʋŔɽˊȶȥŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬऋ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥŹơɭɭˊŔȥơɭǫ˖ȟŔɽǬɭʧɢʋʧɭʧ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇȥʋơɭǫȶɭȇȶȟʠȥǫȇŔȥŔɭʋơɭऋ-
ȇơɽǫʂǫȟǫȥƎơ
ࡧĪ¡ŔȍljȶɭȟŔɽˊȶȥƇȶƃʠȇʋŔơȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥƎǫɭࡲ
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òʠŹƎʠɭŔȍqơȟȶɭŔǿǫ
ࡧ‘ɃɢɭʧʽơȥȍơɭǫˊǬɭʋǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧĵŔʂȍǬ
ࡧȥǫȇŔȟƇǬǠŔɭơȇơtleri
ࡧहࠁ߿ȇɭࡲɽʠŹƎʠɭŔȍơljʧ˖ˊȶȥऋ
ࡧ¥ɃɭȶȍȶǿǫȇȇŔˊǬɢऋƎơȟŔȥɽ

þŔȥǬࡪ %þࢎqǫɢơɭƎơȥɽŔȍŔȥ࢏
þơƎŔʽǫࡪ qơȟŔʋȶȟŹȶʂŔȍʋǬȍǬɭࡲ

FɢǫƎʠɭŔȍqơȟȶɭŔǿǫ
ࡧ‘ŔljŔȇơȟǫȇȇǬɭǬȇȍŔɭǬ
ࡧࡲȟơȥǫȥnjơŔȟơƎǫŔɭʧɢʋʧɭऋ
ࡧ•ʠɽǫƎǫȥʋơɭʽŔȍࢎहࠁ߿࢏

þơƎŔʽǫ

ࡧȥơʽɭǫ˖ȟŔȥǬȥƃơɭɭŔǠǫࡸơȥƎȶʽŔɽȇʧȍơɭȇŔɢŔʋǬȍȟŔɽǬ
ࡧò‘ɽȶȥɭŔɽǬŔɭʋơɭˊŔȍɽɢŔɽȟǫƇǫȥȥǫȟȶƎǫɢǫȥࡲ
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ʂʠʠɭȇŔˊŹǬȥơƎơȥǫˊȍơȟʠŔˊơȥơơƎǫȍơȥࠂ߿ ࡧ‘ȶȟȟʠȥǫȥơ (nonobstrüktif)
ˊŔʂǬȥƎŔȇǫŹǫɭǠŔɽʋŔˊŔȍȥǬ˖ƃŔȟơȥȥǫȇɽǫɭɭǫʋŔɽˊȶȥ • Non-ȇȶȟȟʠȥǫȇơ(obstrüktif)
ŹʠȍnjʠȍŔɭǬɽŔɢʋŔȥȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲࢎ¥ǫɽŔȥࠁ߿߿ࠆ࢏
%ʠǠŔɽʋŔƎŔɃȥƃơȍǫȇȍǫŔʂŔǐǬƎŔȇǫȍơɭƎơȥǠŔȥnjǫɽǫ
ƎʧʂʧȥʧȍȟơȍǫƎǫɭࡳ
࢏òʠŹŔɭŔȇȥȶǫƎȇŔȥŔȟŔ
B࢏%ơˊǫȥŔɢɽơɽǫ
-࢏¡ơȥơȥǿǫʋ
7࢏FɢǫƎʠɭŔȍȇŔȥŔȟŔ
F࢏òʠŹƎʠɭŔȍȇŔȥŔȟŔ

ȟǫȍȶǫƎȥǿǫȶɢŔʋǫ

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ࡧ%ơˊǫȥʽơȟơȥǫȥnjơŔȍŔɭʋơɭǫȶɭȍȍơɭƎơŔȟǫȍȶǫƎ
Źǫɭǫȇǫȟǫ
ࡧòơɭơŹɭŔȍȍȶŹơɭȇȶɭʋǫȇŔȍȇŔȥŔȟŔऋ

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‘ȶȟȟʠȥǫȥơࢎ¥ȶȥȶŹɽʋɭʧȇʋǫlj࢏qǫƎɭȶɽơljŔȍǫ áòÄ7¶þĔ¡ÄèòFèF%èƒ
• BOS emilim Ŕ˖ʽơˊŔˊŔɢǬȟljŔ˖ȍŔ
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ࡧƒƎǫȶɢŔʋǫȇ࡫ǫȥʋɭŔȇɭŔȥǫŔȍǠǫɢơɭʋŔȥɽǫˊȶȥ
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Non-‘ȶȟȟʠȥǫȇơࢎȶŹɽʋɭʧȇʋǫlj࢏qǫƎɭȶɽơljŔȍǫ
ࡧĪơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍơɭ ɽǫɽʋơȟǫƇơɭǫɽǫȥƎơʋǬȇŔȥǬȇȍǬȇऋ
þŔȥǬ
ࡧȇʠŔƎʠȇʋʠɽɽʋơȥȶ˖ʠ
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TaȥǬ ࡧƒƎǫȶɢŔʋǫȇ
ࡧȥŔȟȥơ˖࡫ȇȍǫȥǫȇȟʠŔˊơȥơ࡫ƎǫɭơȇʋȇŔljŔnjɭŔƎǫljǫȍơɭǫ࡫ ࡧĵʧɭʧȟơŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ
ʋɭŔȥɽȍʧȟǫȥŔɽˊȶȥ • Demans
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ࡧ%þࢎʽơȥʋɭǫȇʠȍȶȟơnjŔȍǫ࡫ɢơɭǫʽơȥʋɭǫȇʠȍơɭɃƎơȟ࢏
ࡧ•áࢎȇȍǫȥǫȇʂǫȇŔˊơʋȍơɭƎơɭŔǠŔʋȍŔȟऋ࢏

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þơƎŔʽǫ ࡧ÷ŔȥʋʋŔȇǬȍȟŔȍǬƎǬɭࡲ

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‘ȶɭʋǫȇŔȍŔʋɭȶljǫȶȍȟŔƎŔȥʽơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍȍơɭƎơnjơȥǫʂȍơȟơ
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ࡧ‘ȶɭȶǫƎɢȍơȇɽơȇʋȶȟǫࡪɭʋǬȇȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍȟǬˊȶɭࡲ
ࡧĔƇʧȥƃʧʽơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍȶɽʋȶȟǫ

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÷ŔȥʋɢɭȶɽơƎʧɭȍơɭǫ ¥ɃɭȶljǫŹɭȶȟŔʋȶ˖ǫɽ
ࡧĪơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍȶɢơɭǫʋȶȥơŔȍ÷ŔȥʋࢎơȥƇȶȇȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭ࢏ ࡧ¥bnjơȥǫȥŔȇʋǫʽŔɽˊȶȥʠ
ࡧĪơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍȶŔʋɭǫŔȍʂŔȥʋ ࡧ¥b-ࠀơȥɽǬȇnjɃɭʧȍơȥʋǫɢʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧ•ʠȟŹȶɢơɭǫʋȶȥơŔȍʂŔȥʋ ࡧ-Ŕljơ-au-ȍŔǫʋȍơȇơȍơɭǫ
• ĪơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍȶɢȍơʽɭŔȍʂŔȥʋ ࡧȇɽǫȍȍơɭ-inguial çillenme
ࡧĪơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍȶʧɭơʋɭŔȍʂŔȥɽ ࡧ•ǫɽƃǠȥȶƎʧȍʧ
Fȥljơȇɽǫˊȶȥࢎʽơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍǫʋ࢏ࢎơȥɽǬȇȇȶȟɢȍǫȇŔɽˊȶȥ࢏

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ࡧòɢȶɭŔƎǫȇʋǫɭࡲ
ࡧࠄࡲȇɭŔȥǫŔȍɽǫȥǫɭǫȥǫȥơɭʽơơʋʋǫǐǫˊʧ˖ɽŔǠŔɽǬȥƎŔ
ȇʠʋŔȥɃ˖ŔȥǿǫȶȟȍŔɭ
ࡧbŔɽǫŔȍȥơʽʠɽࢎɢȶɭʋȶʂŔɭŔŹǬɭơȥnjǫȥƎơ࢏
• Menengial angǫȶȟŔʋȶ˖ǫɽ
ࡧeȍȶȇȶȟ
ࡧòơɭơŹɭŔȍȇŔȍɽǫljǫȇŔɽˊȶȥ
ࡧFɢǫȍơɢʋǫȇȥɃŹơʋȍơɭ
ࡧŁơȇŔnjơɭǫȍǫǐǫ

ࡧ¥ɃɭȶljǫŹɭȶȟȍŔɭ
ࡧ¶ɢʋǫȇnjȍǫȶȟŔ
ࡧbơȶȇɭȶȟŔɽǫʋȶȟŔ ɽǬȇȍǬǐǬŔɭʋȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲ

¥ɃɭȶljǫŹɭȶȟŔʋȶ˖ǫɽ– 2
ࡧ%ǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍࠇࡲɽǫȥǫɭɽƃǠˁŔȥȥȶȟŔࢎŔȇʠɽʋǫɽȥɃɭǫȥȶȟ࢏
ࡧ¥b-ࠁŔǫȍơǠǫȇŔˊơɽǫʽơʋơȇʋŔɭŔljȍǬŔȇʠɽʋǫȥȥɃɭǫȥȶȟ
• ¡ơȥơȥnjǫȶȟȍŔɭ࡫njȍǫȶȟ࡫ɽƃǠˁŔȥȥȶȟ࡫ȥɃɭȶljǫŹɭȶȟ࡫
ǿʠʽơȥǫȍɢȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭɽʠŹȇŔɢɽʧȍơɭȍơȥʋǫȇʠȍŔɭ
ȶɢŔɽǫʋơȍơɭࡲ

ĪŔȥqǫɢɢơȍ•ǫȥƎŔʠòơȥƎɭȶȟʠࢎĪq•࢏
þʠŹơɭȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖ǫɽ • OD
• OD ࡧòơɭơŹơȍȍŔɭǠơȟŔȥǿȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ
• òʠŹơɢơȥƎǫȟŔȍ࡫ɭơʋǫȥŔȍʋʠŹơɭȍơɭࢎǠŔȟŔɭʋȶȟȍŔɭ࢏ ࡧbơȶȇɭȶȟŔɽǫʋȶȟŔ
ࡧèơȥŔȍǠʧƃɭơȍǫȇŔɭɽǫȥȶȟ

‘ȍǫȥǫȇ
ࡧƎơȥȶȟŔɽơŹŔɽơʠȟ
ࡧFɢǫȍơɢɽǫࢎˁơɽʋ࢏ ò¥þè•òƒ¥ƒèòƒòþF¡ƒþĔ¡Äè•Fèƒ
ࡧ¡è
ࡧ‘ŔɭƎǫŔȇɭŔŹƎȶȟˊȶȟ ࡧ1ȶƃʠȇȍʠȇƇŔǐǬʋʧȟɃɭȍơɭǫǫȥljɭatentorial
ࡧèơȥŔȍŔȥǿǫȶȟˊȶȍǫɢȶȟŔ ࢎɽơɭơŹơȍȍŔɭ࢏ࠀࡲáǫȍȶɽǫʋǫȇŔɽʋɭȶɽǫʋȶȟ
ࡧFɭǫʂȇǫȥƎơɽʠɢɭŔʋơȥʋȶɭǫŔȍࢎǠơȟǫɽljơɭǫȇ࢏ࠀࡲe%¡
ࡧFɢŔȥƎǫȟȶȟ࡫ȟơƎʠȍȍȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ˊŔɢŔŹǫȍǫɭࡲ
Cafe-au-lait lekeleri
ࡧ¥lj
ࡧʋŔȇɽǫʋơȍơȥǿǫơȇʋŔ˖ǫ
ࡧþʠŹơɭȶɽȇȍơɭȶ˖
òþè¶òƒþ¶¡•è
ࡧ%ȍȶȶȟɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
ࡧ¡ƃ-ʠȥơȍŹɭǫnjǠʋòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ áǫȍȶɽʋǫȇࢎ‘ǫɽʋǫȇ࢏ɽʋɭȶɽǫʋȶȟ
ࡧeŔʠƃǠơɭǠŔɽʋŔȍǬǐǬ ࡧ1ȶƃʠȇȍŔɭʽơnjơȥƇȍơɭƎơơȥɽǬȇʽơơȥǫˊǫ
ࡧbŔȥȇȶȥǫɢȍŔɽʋǫȇȥơȟǫɽǫ ࡧFȥɽǬȇɽơɭơŹơȍȍʠȟƎŔ
ࡧèʠɽɽǫŔȥòǫȍʽơɭɽơȥɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ ¡ǫȇɭȶɽȇȶɢǫࡪèȶ˖ơȥʋǠŔȍljǫŹɭǫȍȍơɭ
ࡧFɢǫƎơɭȟŔȍȥơʽʠɽɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
þơƎŔʽǫࡪ-ơɭɭŔǠǫऋ‘èþ

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Pilositik (Kistik) Astrositom ¡ơȥơȥǿǫȶȟ

ࡧɭŔȇȥȶǫƎơȇǫȟơȥǫȥnjȶʋơȍˊŔȍǠʧƃɭơȍơɭƎơȥȇɃȇơȥ
ȇŔɢɽʧȍȍʧ࡫ŹơȥǫnjȥʋȟࢫƎʧɭࡲ
ࡧ7ŔǠŔƇȶȇˊơʋǫʂȇǫȥˊŔʂȍŔɭƎŔʽơȇŔƎǬȥȍŔɭƎŔ
ȶȍʠʂʠɭȍŔɭࡲ
ࡧáɭȶnjơɽʋơɭȶȥɭơɽơɢʋɃɭʧࢎऋ࢏
ࡧáɽŔȟȟȶȟƃǫɽȟǫࢎऋ࢏
ࡧ¥ɃɭȶljǫŹɭȶȟŔʋȶ˖ǫɽƎơƇȶȇɽŔˊǬƎŔȶȍŔŹǫȍǫɭȍơɭࡲ

ȥŔɢȍŔɽʋǫȇŔɽʋɭȶɽǫʋȶȟ
ࡧeɭŔƎơࠂ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇɽơɭơŹɭŔȍǠơȟǫɽljơɭ
ࡧòǫʋȶȍȶǿǫȇŔȥŔɢȍŔ˖ǫ

eȍǫȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟŔ¡ʠȍʋǫljȶɭȟơ ¡ơƎʠȍȍȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ
ࡧFɭǫʂȇǫȥƎơơȥɽǬȇʽơơȥȇɃʋʧɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ȍʠŹơˊǫȥʋȟ ࡧáɭǫȟǫʋǫlj¥ɃɭȶFȇʋȶƎơɭȟŔȍþʧȟɃɭȍơɭࢎá¥Fþ࢏ȶȍŔɭŔȇ
ࡧࠅࡲ– ࠆࡲ7ơȇŔʋ ŔƎȍŔȥƎǬɭǬȍŔȥnjɭʠɢʋŔˊơɭŔȍǬɭࡲࢎȇʧƇʧȇȟŔʽǫˊʠʽŔɭȍŔȇ
ࡧòơɭơŹɭŔȍǠơȟǫɽljơɭȍơɭ Ǡʧƃɭơȍǫ࢏
ࡧĪŔɽȇʧȍơɭFȥƎȶʋơȍáɭȶȍǫljơɭŔɽˊȶȥʠऋࢎ¥ơȇɭȶ˖࢏ ࡧ•ȶȇŔȍǫ˖Ŕɽˊȶȥࡪ FȥɽǬȇɽơɭơŹơȍʠȟƎŔࢎɢȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭ
ࡧáŔȍǫ˖ŔʋǫȇƎǫ˖ǫȍǫȟȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫɽʋǫȇʋǫɭࡲ ljȶɽɽŔ࢏ȶȍʠʂʠɭȍŔɭࡲ
ࡧƒȍȇǫȇǫƎơȇŔʋɽơɭơŹơȍȍŔɭʽơɭȟǫʂ– ǫȍơɭǫˊŔʂʋŔ
þơƎŔʽǫࡪ-ơɭɭŔǠǫ
ɽơɭơŹơȍȍŔɭǠơȟǫɽljơɭȍơɭƎơȥǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
ࡧqǫƎɭȶɽơljŔȍǫࡲ%¶òǫȍơˊŔˊǬȍǬȟࡲ
ࡧ‘Ƀʋʧɢɭȶnjȥȶ˖ȍʠɭŔƎˊȶɽơȥɽǫʋǫlj
¶ȍǫnjȶƎơȥƎɭȶnjȍǫȶȟŔ ࡧqȶȟơɭ-ĭɭǫnjǠʋɭȶ˖ơʋȍơɭǫࢎऋ࢏
ࡧ¶ɭʋŔˊŔʂ
ࡧĵŔʽŔʂŹʧˊʧɭ
ࡧòǬȇȍǬȇȍŔljɭȶȥʋŔȍȍȶŹ
ࡧFɢǫȍơɢɽǫऋ
ࡧहࠈ߿‘ŔȍɽǫljǫȇŔɽˊȶȥऋ

qơȟơȥǿǫȶŹȍŔɽʋȶȟ
ࡧòơɭơŹơȍȍʠȟƎŔǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
ࡧĪŔȥǠǫɢɢơȍȍǫȥƎŔʠƎŔǫ˖ȍơȥǫɭࡲ
• Polistemi

FɢǫƎǫȟȶȟ
ࡧFɢǫƎǫȟŔȍǠʧƃɭơȍơɭƎơȥnjơȍǫʂǫɭȍơɭࡲ áǫȥơŔȍ%ơ˖þʧȟɃɭȍơɭǫ
ࡧ1ȶƃʠȇȍŔɭƎŔࠃࡲĪơȥʋɭǫȇʧȍƎơˊơʋǫʂȇǫȥȍơɭƎơƎŔǠŔƇȶȇ ࡧeơɭȟǠʧƃɭơȍǫʋȟࢇƟȢɷǩȄटࠈࠂ࢈
ȟơƎʠȍȍŔɽɢǫȥŔȍǫɽʋơˊơɭȍơʂǫɭȍơɭࡲ ࡧFȥɽǬȇnjơɭȟǫȥȶȟ(disgerminom, seminom,
ࡧqǫƎɭȶɽơljŔȍǫ ƟɻƌƟǍƟɧǨ࢈
ࡧ%¶òǫȍơˊŔˊǬȍǬȟࡲ

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¡ơʋŔɽʋǫɽþʧȟɃɭȍơɭ

ȇƃǫǐơɭƃŔ ࢎơɭȇơȇʋơơȥɽǬȇ࢏
¡ơȟơƃŔ ࢎȇŔƎǬȥƎŔơȥɽǬȇ࢏
¡ŔȍǫnjȥȟơȍŔȥȶȟࢎˊʧȇɽơȇȶɭŔȥƎŔȟơʋŔɽʋŔ˖ˊŔɢŔȥ
tm - हࠅࠅ࢏
èơȥŔȍǠʧƃɭơȍǫƃŔࢎʋơȇȶƎŔȇ࢏

Karyokarsinom metastaz potansiyeli çok yüksek

7ƒò‘qF襃òƒ

ࡧȥʠȍʠɽljǫŹɭȶ˖ʠɽˊǬɭʋǬȍǬ࡫ȥʠȇȍơʠɽɢʠȍɢȶɽʠɽ ljǬʋȇȍŔʂǬɭࡲ
ࡧ¶ɭʋŔˊŔʂࢎࠃ߿-ࠄ߿࢏
ࡧFȥɽǬȇ•ࠄ-S1, C6-ࠆŔɭŔɽǬnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇɢȶɽʋơɭȶȍȶʋơɭŔȍƎơȥ Ǡơɭȥǫơȶȍʠɭࡲ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇȥơƎơȥnjơȥƇȍơɭƎơ ʋɭŔʽȟŔ ˊŔʂȍǬȍŔɭƎŔ
ƎơǿơȥơɭŔɽˊȶȥƎʠɭࡲ

‘ŔʠƎŔFɩʠǫȥŔòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ

ࡧòljǫȥȇʋơɭ%ȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠࡪǫƎɭŔɭ– njŔˊʋŔǫȥȇȶȥʋǫȥŔȥɽǬ
ࡧFˊơɭʂơȇȍǫȥƎơŔȥơɽʋơ˖ǫ
ࡧÄȥơȟȍǫȟȶʋȶɭȇʠʽʽơʋơɽǫ˖ȍǫȇࢎƇȶǐʠȥȍʠȇȍŔ
•ȶȟŹơɭ7ǫɽȇqơɭȥǫɽǫòơȟɢʋȶȟȍŔɭ ŹǫȍŔʋơɭŔȍ࢏

• Bel – ŹŔƃŔȇŔǐɭǬɽǬࢎǫȍȇɽơȟɢʋȶȟ ȍȶȇŔȍǫ˖ơŹơȍ þơƎŔʽǫࡪƃǫȍ-ơɭɭŔǠǫ

ŔǐɭǬɽǬƎǬɭ࡫ɽȶȥɭŔɽǫȥǫɭʋɭŔɽơɽǫŹȶˊʠȥƃŔƎǬɭࡲ࢏
ࡧĪŔȍɽŔȍʽŔǫȍơŔǐɭǬʂǫƎƎơʋȍơȥǫɭࡲ
òơɭʽǫȇŔȍ7ǫɽȇqơɭȥǫɽǫ

¡ȶʋȶɭ࡫7ʠˊʠ࡫èơljȍơȇɽƎơǐǫʂǫȇȍǫȇȍơɭǫ
ࡧ•ȶȟŹơɭɽơʽǫˊơƎơȇǫƎǫɽȇǠơɭȥǫŔɽˊȶȥɢŔʋȶȍȶǿǫȍơɭǫ
ŹǫɭŔȍʋɽơʽǫˊơƎơȇǫɽǫȥǫɭơŹŔɽŔɭࡲࢎ•ࠄ-òࠀƎǫɽȇǠơɭȥǫɽǫ
òࠀࢫơŹŔɽŔɭ࢏
ࡧFȥɽǬȇ-ࠅ-ࠆ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇɽơȟɢʋȶȟŹɭŔȇǫŔȍǿǫࢎŹȶˊʠȥƎŔȥȇȶȍŔʽʠɭŔȥ
ŔǐɭǬ࢏ŹȶˊʠȥǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭǫǫȍơŔɭʋŔɭࡲ
ࡧòơɭʽǫȇŔȍƎǫɽȇǠơɭȥǫɽǫ࡫ǠơɭȥǫŔɽˊȶȥɽơʽǫˊơɽǫȥƎơȥ
ƇǬȇŔȥɽǫȥǫɭǫɽǬȇǬʂʋǬɭǬɭࡲࢎ-ࠅ-ࠆƎǫɽȇǠơɭȥǫɽǫ-ࠆࢫˊơŹŔɽŔɭ࢏

•ࠃ४áŔʋơȍȍŔɭơljȍơȇɽǫ
•ࠄ४ 7ȶɭɽǫljȍơȇɽǫˊȶȥ
òࠀ४áȍŔȥʋŔɭljȍơȇɽǫˊȶȥ

þŔȥǬࡪ¡è

þơƎŔʽǫ
ࡧbþè
ࡧ-ơɭɭŔǠǫࢎŔȇʠʋ࡫ɢɭȶnjɭơɽǫljnjʧƇȇŔˊŹǬʽŔɭɽŔ࢏

154
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‘•ƒááFƒ•-bFƒ•òF¥7趡č

ࡧòơɭʽǫȇŔȍʽơɭʋơŹɭŔljʧ˖ˊȶȥʠǫȍơ
ȶȍʠʂʠɭࡲ
ࡧ%ŔʂȍǬƃŔȇȍǫȥǫȇɃ˖ơȍȍǫȇȍơɭǫȇǬɽŔ
Źȶˊʠȥ࡫ơȥɽơɽŔƇƇǫ˖njǫɽǫȥǫȥ
ŔʂŔǐǬƎŔˊơɭŔȍȟŔɽǬ࡫Źȶˊʠȥ
ǠŔɭơȇơʋȍơɭǫȥǫȥȇǬɽǬʋȍǬȶȍȟŔɽǬƎǬɭࡲ

‘ŔɭɢŔȍþʧȥơȍòơȥƎɭȶȟࢎ‘þò࢏

ࡧFȥɽǬȇʋʠ˖ŔȇȥɃɭȶɢŔʋǫɽǫƎǫɭࡲࢎहࠀ࢏
ࡧࠃ߿– ࠅ߿ˊŔʂȇŔƎǬȥ
ࡧ¡ơƎǫŔȥɽǫȥǫɭɽǬȇǬʂǬɭࡲ
ࡧFȍǫȥǫȍȇʧƇɢŔɭȟŔǐǬȥƎŔŔǐɭǬ࡫ȇŔɭǬȥƃŔȍŔȥȟŔ
ࡧáǠŔȍơȥ࡫ʋơɭɽɢǠŔȍȍơȥʋơɽʋǫ
ࡧþǫȥȥơȍŹơȍǫɭʋǫɽǫऋ

þ裑¥Äè¶áþƒ•Fè

ࡧáơɭǫljơɭǫȇɽǫȥǫɭȍơɭǫȥɽơˊɭǫɽǬɭŔɽǬȥƎŔŹŔɽǬŔȍʋǬȥƎŔ
ȇŔȍȟŔɽǬऋ

‘ơɽǫȥʋŔȥǬࡪ EMG

þȶɭŔɽǫȇ¶ʠʋȍơʋࢎ1ǬȇǬʂ࢏òơȥƎɭȶȟʠ

ࡧȥʋࡲòȇŔȍơȥȇŔɽ
• ¡ǫƎƎȍơɽȇŔȍơȥȇŔɽ
ࡧࠀࡲȇȶɽʋŔ
ࡧòơɭʽǫȇŔȍȇȶɽʋŔ࡫ljǫŹɭȶ˖ŹŔȥƎ
ࡧ%ɭŔȇǫŔȍɢȍơȇɽʠɽ࡫ɽʠŹȇȍŔʽǫŔȥŔࡲ%ŔɽǬŔȍʋǬȥƎŔȇŔȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧƎɽȶȥȟŔȥơʽɭŔɽǬȥƎŔɭŔƎǫŔȍȥŔŹǬ˖ƎŔŔ˖ŔȍȟŔʽơˊŔ
‘ʠŹǫʋŔȍþʧȥơȍòơȥƎɭȶȟ
ȇŔˊŹȶȍȟŔࡲ
ࡧ¡ơƎǫŔȍơɢǫȇȶȥƎǫȍŔɭȇŔɽǬȥƎŔȥnjơƇơȥʠȍȥŔɭɽǫȥǫɭ
ȇʧŹǫʋŔȍʋʧȥơȍƎơɽǬȇǬʂǬɭࡲ
ࡧࠃ– ࠄࡲáŔɭȟŔȇʋŔɢŔɭơɽʋơ˖ǫơȥɽǬȇɽơȟɢʋȶȟƎʠɭࡲ
ࡧ7ǫɭɽơȇljȍơȇɽǫˊȶȥʠʂǫȇŔˊơʋȍơɭǫŔɭʋʋǬɭǬɭࡲ

155
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eʠˊȶȥ‘ŔȥŔȍòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ

ࡧFȍŹǫȍơǐǫȥƎơnjʠˊȶȥȇŔȥŔȍǬȥƎŔʠȍȥŔɭɽǫȥǫɭɽǬȇǬʂǬɭࡲ
ࡧþɭŔʽȟŔʽơnjŔȥnjȍǫȶȥȇǫɽʋǫơȥɽǬȇɽơŹơɢʋǫɭࡲ

þŔȥǬࡪEMG

ࠀࡲòɢǫȥŔ%ǫljǫƎŔ¶ȇȇʧȍʋŔ
- FȥŹơȥǫȥnjljȶɭȟ࡫ŔɽơȟɢʋȶȟŔʋǫȇ
- ĪơɭʋơŹɭŔƎŔɢȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭȇŔɢŔȥȟŔƎơljơȇʋǫऋ

ࠁࡲ¡ơȥǫȥnjȶɽơȍ
- áȶɽʋơɭǫȶɭʽơɭʋơŹɭŔȍƎơljơȇʋơȥȟơȥǫȥȇɽljǬʋǬȇȍŔʂǬɭࡲ
¡ŔɭŔȍǿǫŔáŔɭơɽʋơʋǫȇŔ ࠂࡲ¡ơȥǫȥnjȶȟˊơȍȶɽơȍ
ࡧ¶ɭʋŔˊŔʂ࡫ȇǫȍȶȍʠơɭȇơȇ - ¡ơȥǫȥȇɽऋȟࡲɽɢǫȥŔȍǫɽljǬʋǬȇȍŔʂǬɭࡲ
ࡧƒȥnjʠǫȥŔȍȍǫnjࡲȍʋǬȥƎŔ ŔȍʋơɭŔȍljơȟȶɭŔȍȇʠʋŔȥɃ˖ɽǫȥǫɭ - bȶȍǫȇŔɽǫʋơȇɽǫȇȍǫǐǫȥƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
ʋʠ˖ŔȇȍŔȥǬɭࡲ - ĪŔȍɢɭȶǫȇŔɽǫʋ࡫Ǡǫɢơɭʋơɭȟǫ࡫ˊʧȇɽơȇʽǫʋŔȟǫȥ
ࡧčˊȍʠȇŔȥʋơɭȶȍŔʋơɭȍǫȥƎơƎʠˊʠȇŔˊŹǬऋɢŔɭŔɽʋơ˖ǫ࡫ - हࠆࠄȍʠȟŹȶɽŔȇɭŔȍŹɃȍnjơƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲ
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þơʂǠǫɽࡪ òƒòࢎòɢǫȥŔǫȍǫŔȇŔŔȥʋơɭǫȶɭɽʠɢࡲ࢏ ǫȍơŹǫɭȍǫȇʋơƎǫɭࡲ
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þơƎŔʽǫࡪ‘ǫȍȶʽơɭ࡫ɽǫȥǫɭǫȥȇơɽǫȍȟơɽǫʽơˊŔ
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- qǫƎɭȶɽơljŔȍǫơʂȍǫȇơʋȟơ˖ࡲ þơƎŔʽǫࡪ ¶ȟʠɭǫȍǫȇƃơɭɭŔǠǫɽơɭŹơɽȍơʂʋǫɭǫȍǫɭࡲ

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- þǫɢࠀऋȟơȥǫȥnjȶȟˊơȍȶɽơȍʽơǠǫƎɭȶɽơljŔȍǫ ɽʠŹȍʠˉŔɽˊȶȥʠƎʠɭࡲ
- FȥɽǬȇ•ࠃ-ࠄࢎहࠇ߿࢏ȟơɽŔljơɽǫȥƎơnjɃɭʧȍʧɭࡲþŔȥǬ
þŔȥǬࡪ-þࡸ¡è ƎǫɭơȇʋnjɭŔljǫǫȍơȇȶȥʠȍʠɭࡲþơƎŔʽǫɽǫƃơɭɭŔǠǫƎǫɭࡲ
þơƎŔʽǫࡪ -ơɭɭŔǠǫƎơȇȶȟɢɭơɽˊȶȥऋʂŔȥʋ

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ࢎ-ࠇ-þࠀ࢏ࡲ
ࡧ‘ȍǫȥǫǐǫȥƎơʋǫɢǫȇȶȍŔɭŔȇɢơȍơɭǫȥʋŔɭ˖ǬȥƎŔŔǐɭǬʽơǬɽǬ
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7ŔȥƎˊĭŔȍȇơɭ¡ŔȍljȶɭȟŔɽˊȶȥʠ

- bȶŔȟơȥȟŔnjơȥƎǫʽơȍʠɽƃǠȇŔȇȶȥǿơȥǫʋŔȍŔʋɭơʋǫȇ
- qǫƎɭȶɽơljŔȍǫ
- ࠃࡲĪơȥʋǫɭȇʧȍȇǫɽʋǫȇƎǫȍŔʋơ
- òơɭơŹơȍȍŔɭŔɢȍŔ˖ǫࡸǠǫɢȶɢȍŔ˖ǫ

ɭȥȶȍƎ-ǠǫŔɭǫþǫɢࠀࡪSiringomyeli

ɭȥȶȍƎ-ǠǫŔɭǫþǫɢࠁࡪMeningomyelosel

Beta 2 Transferrin
- êŔƌƟƂƟŸȲɻʶƟʶǨʄɧƟʙɷɷǩʶǩƌŔŸʙȊʙȢʙɧ.

þơʋǠơɭơƎ-ȶɭƎ
- bǫȍʠȟʋơɭȟǫȥŔȍơˊŔǐʽơljǫŹɭȶ˖Ǝȶȇʠǫȍơ
ȇŔɭǬʂȟǬʂʋǬɭࡲࢎȇǬɽŔʽơȇŔȍǬȥƎǬɭࡲ࢏
- ‘ŔɽnjʧƇɽʧ˖ȍʧǐʧ࡫ˊʧɭʧˊʧʂŹȶ˖ʠȇȍʠǐʠ

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ࡧèऋɽɢȍơȥȶȟơnjŔȍǫऋȥɃʋɭȶɢơȥǫࡪbơȍʋˊɽơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
• %ɃŹɭơȇʋơŔȟǫȍȶǫƎȶ˖

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ࡧèȶȟŔʋȶǫʋȥȶƎʧȍ
ࠀ࢏bǫŹɭȶȟǫˊŔȍǿǫ ࡧznjʋǫɢǫèb
ࡧ‘ɭȶȥǫȇˊŔˊnjǬȥŔǐɭǬʽơǠŔɽɽŔɽȥȶȇʋŔȍŔɭǫȍơ ࡧFȇɽʋɭơŔɭʋɭǫȇʧȍơɭʋʠʋʠȍʠȟ
ȇŔɭŔȇʋơɭǫ˖ơƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧ•ŔŹȶɭŔʋʠʽŔɭǫȥƃơȍơȟơɽǫȥȶɭȟŔȍƎǫɭࡲ
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ǫȍơǫȍǫʂȇǫȍǫƎǫɭࡲࢎqzĪ࡫•ˊȟơࢎ%ȶɭ-ơȍǫŔŹʠɭnjƎȶɭljơɭǫ࢏࢏
ࡧþˉࡪʋɭǫɽǫȇȍǫȇŔȥʋǫƎơɢɭơɽŔȥ

ࠁ࢏‘ɭȶȥǫȇĵȶɭnjʠȥȍʠȇòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
ࡧ¥ơƎơȥǫŹǫȍǫȥȟơˊơȥˊȶɭnjʠȥȍʠȇ

ࠂ࢏¡ǫˊȶljŔɽˊŔȍǐɭǬòơȥƎɭȶȟʠ
ࡧþơʋǫȇȥȶȇʋŔȍŔɭǬȥǬȥʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ
ࡧ•ȶȇŔȍǫ˖ơŹǫɭŔǐɭǬ

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ࡧáơɭǫŔɭʋɭǫȇʧȍơɭȶɽʋơȶɢȶɭȶ˖ऋ!
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ࡧ¡ơʋȶʋɭơȇɽŔʋ࡫ ɽǫȇȍȶɽɢȶɭǫȥ

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ࡧòǫȥȶʽǫŔƎŔȥŹŔʂȍŔɭ ࢎɢŔȥȥʠɽȶȍʠʂʠȟʠ࢏ ࡧ¥ȶȥƒȥljȍŔȟŔʋʠŔɭ
ࡧFȥɽǬȇáƒáʋʠʋʠȍʠɭ ࡧ‘ǬȇǬɭƎŔȇʋŔȥŹŔʂȍŔɭ
ࡧčȍȥŔɭƎơʽǫŔɽˊȶȥ ࡧqơŹơɭƎơȥ– ŹȶʠƃǠŔɭƎȥȶƎʧȍȍơɭǫ
ࡧ‘ʠǐʠŹȶˊȥʠƎơljȶɭȟǫʋơɽǫ
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ࡧþȶljʧɽơȥɽǬȇʠƇȍŔɭƎŔŹǫɭǫȇǫɭ ࢎȇʠȍŔȇ࢏
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ࡧࠁࡲ ɽǬȇŹɃŹɭơȇȍơɭǫʋʠʋŔɭ
ࡧȇʠʋŔʋŔȇʋŔȇȶȍʂǫɽǫȥ-ǫȥƎȶȟơʋŔɽǫȥȇʠȍȍŔȥǬȍǬɭࡲ
ࡧȍȍȶɢʧɭǫȥȶȍ࡫ ɢɭȶŹơȥơɽǫƎ࡫ sʧȍljǫȥɢǫɭŔ˖ȶȥǫƎŔȟơƎơ
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ࡧáɽȶɭǫŔʋǫȇŔɭʋɭǫʋ
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1- èȶȟŔʋȶǫƎljŔȇʋɃɭࢎ-࢏ʽơɭȶȟŔʋȶǫƎȥȶƎʧȍȍơɭ
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ࠃ- òɢȶȥƎǫȍǫʋȍǫˊŔ ƎŔspȶȥƎǫȍǫʋɽǫ˖ɽŔȇɭȶǫȍơǫʋǫɽ
Źʠȍʠȥʠɭࡲ
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ƇŔȇǬʂȟŔȍŔɭǬȥʽŔɭȍǬǐǬ

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6- ĵŔȇǬȥ-ʠ˖ŔȇƇơʂǫʋȍǫŔǫȍơŹǫɭơˊȍơɭǫŔɭŔɽǬȥƎŔƇơʂǫʋȍǫ áò¶èƒþƒ‘èþèƒþ
ɽɢȶȥƎǫȍȶŔɭʋɭǫʋȍơɭǫȥŹʠȍʠȥȟŔɽǬ
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8- q•-%ࠁࠆࡶȥǫȥɢȶ˖ǫʋǫljȶȍȟŔɽǬ ࡧFȥɽǬȇŔɽǫȟơʋɭǫȇȶȍǫnjȶŔɭʋɭǫȇʧȍơɭʋǫɢࡲ
ࡧFȥƃǫƎƎǫŔɭʋɭǫʋǫɽȟʠȍʋǫȍŔȥɽʋǫɢǫƎǫɭࡲ
ࡧòȶɽǫɽɢŔɭȟŔȇ-ɢơȥƃǫȍǫȥƃʠɢnjɃɭʧȥʧȟʧʽŔɭƎǬɭࡲ

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7ʠɢʠˊʋɭơȥ‘ȶȥʋɭŔȇʋʧɭʧ - 7ơǐǫʂơȥƎơɭơƃơȍơɭƎơȟȶʋȶɭʽơƎʠˊʠȇŔˊŹǬ
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