Lesson 1:

Matter
Use properties of matter to
identify substances and the
process how to separate them.
Matter
(STEM_GC11MPIa-b-5) And
Measurement
Introduction
to Chemistry :
An Overview Matter
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CHEMISTRY:
The study of MATTER
(Structures & Properties)
and the CHANGES
(Transformations & Energy)
it undergoes.
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SOME USES OF CHEMISTRY:
Everything is made up
of chemicals. Many
changes we observe
in our surroundings
are caused by
chemical reactions.
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SOME USES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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SUB-BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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SUB-BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY:

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Mathematics
in Chemistry:
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Mathem
atics
Chemis
try: Matter
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 Matter
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Rules in significant figures:
1. All non-zero digits are significant.
123456789
2. Zeros before a number are not significant.
0.0003 = 1 SF ; 0.0111 = 3 SF
3. Zeros after a number are significant.
20.00 = 4 SF ; 200 = 1 SF ; 200. = 3 SF
4. Zeros between numbers are significant.
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20.0010 = 6 SF ; 0.0020076 = 5 SF And
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 Give the significant figures of the
following series of numbers.
1. 205.00 6. 03.1416
2. 0.00360 7. 257,000
3. 78,541,200 8. 0.0009
4. 2,045,000. 9. 14.012
5. 0.0075 10. 0.1480
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Rounding Off
Numbers:
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Round Off the following Numbers:

1. 8394 - nearest thousand

2. 360 – nearest hundred
3. 14 – nearest ten
4. 5,745,000 – nearest million
5. 0.75 – nearest tenths
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Rules in Rounding Off Numbers
based on the given problem.
If the operation used in the problem is:
1. Addition and Subtraction – Round of
your Final answer based on the Least
number of decimal places.
2. Multiplication and Division – Round of
your Final answer based on the Least
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And
number of significant figure. Measurement
Rounding Off
Numbers using
Scientific
Notation Matter
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 Matter
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 The General Equation is:

N x 10
(Base) (Power)
n (Exponent)

1. The Base must not be less one or more than 10.

2. If the original number is more than 1, the exponent
is positive; if the original number is less than 1,
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the exponent is negative. And

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 Write the following numbers to
Scientific Notation:
1. 5,670,000 - 5.67 x 106

2. 0.003260 – 3.620 x 10-3

3. 0.000067890 - 6.7890 x 10-5

4. 45,000 - 4.5 x 104

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SI Units:
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 Matter
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 Matter
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 Matter
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Converting
Units using
Dimensional
Analysis Matter
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ERRORS IN
MEASUREMENT:
PRECISION VS
ACCURACY Matter
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Precision - refers to how close measurements
of the same item are to each other.
Accuracy - refers to how close a measurement
is to the true or accepted value.

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Mathematical way of
finding the accuracy
and precision of
measurements. Matter
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MATTER

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 Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up
space (volume).

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PARTICULATE NATURE OF
MATTER
ATOMS IONS MOLECULES

2 or more
Basic Charged atoms
units species combined Matter
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Matter
Atoms are
the building
blocks of
matter.
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Matter
Each
element is
made of the
same kind of
atom. Matter
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Matter
A compound is
made of two or
more different
kinds of
elements.
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STATES OF MATTER

Natural states
State = Phase Matter
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MODERN STATES

Bose-Einstein
Plasma Condensate Matter
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MODERN STATES

Fermionic Quark-Gluon
Condensate Plasma
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Classification of Matter
ELEMENT
MATTER
MIXTURE
COLLOID
PURE SUSBSTANCE
SUSPENSION
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE
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2 minutes
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CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
MATTER

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

HOMOGENEOUS/
SOLUTION
HETEROGENEOUS COMPOUND ELEMENT
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SUSPENSION COLLOID And
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 PURE SUBSTANCES
Are substances that cannot be broken down/ separated
using physical means. It is a form of matter that has a
definite (constant) composition and distinct properties.

ELEMENT
substance that cannot be separated into simpler
substances by chemical means.
There are 118 natural and synthetic elements that
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have been discovered as of this day. And
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MODERN PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS(118)

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METALS

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NONMETALS

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METALLOIDS

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 PURE SUBSTANCES
COMPOUNDS Compounds
can be broken
down into
elements by
chemical
means. Matter
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 COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC INORGANIC
Compounds Compounds without
carbon (exceptions:
containing carbonates, CO2, CO,
Carbon cyanides, carbides,
bicarbonates ) Matter
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 COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC INORGANIC
ACIDS SALTS BASES
HCl NaCl NaOH
CH3COOH CH3COO -
CH3COONa
HF LiF LiOH
H2SO4 BaSO4 HSO4- Matter
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 MIXTURES
a combination of two or more substances in which the
substances retain their distinct identities.

We can
separate
them using
physical
means. Matter
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 HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES/
SOLUTIONS
the composition of the
mixture is the same
throughout (one phase).
NaCl in water Brass
Bronze
Sugar in water
Air Matter
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 HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
the composition of the mixture is NOT
uniform (2 or more phases).
Smog Blood
Mud Pizza
Sand Mayonnaise
Milk Salad Matter
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 SEPARATION OF MIXTURES
Mixtures, either homogeneous and
heterogeneous can be separated
physically depending on their
composition. They are separated
using several separation
techniques. Matter
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 SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

FILTRATION –
used to separate
insoluble solids
from the solvents
Ex. Sand in water Matter
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SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
1. Stirring rod
2. Iron stand
3. Mixture
4. Filter paper
5. Funnel
6. Beaker (collection flask)
7. Filtrate Matter
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 SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

EVAPORATION –
used to separate
soluble solids
from the solvents
Ex. NaCl in water Matter
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SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
DISTILLATION – used
to separate miscible
liquids with significant
boiling point difference
Ex. Benzene and
toluene Matter
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 Matter
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 SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
SOLVENT
SEPARATION –
used to separate two
immiscible liquids
using a separatory
funnel.
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Ex. Water and oil And

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 SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
DECANTATION–
used to separate
residues from
solvents in
suspensions
Ex. Water and mud
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 SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
CENTRIFUGATION
– is a technique used for
the separation of particles
from a solution according
to their size, shape,
density, viscosity of the
medium and rotor speed.
Ex. Separation of blood
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 SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
MAGNETISM - is a
technique used to
separate magnetic
from nonmagnetic
materials.
Ex. Separation of Iron Fillings
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 SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
CHROMATOGRAPHY -
is a technique
used to
components of a
mixture
Ex. Separation of colors in ink
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Properties and
Changes of
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 Properties of Matter
• Physical Properties:
Must be observed without changing a
substance into another substance. NO
CHANGE IN COMPOSITION
• Chemical Properties:
Can only be observed when a substance is
changed into another substance. CHANGE IN
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Physical Properties
• Density
• Thermal conductivity
• Solubility
• Magnetic properties

Chemical Properties
• Flammability
• Combustibility
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Physical Properties
DENSITY - is the amount of mass in a given volume. It
measures how compact the molecules are in a given
space of substance (unit: g/ml).
Less dense More dense

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mL = cm3

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Example 1:
An ice cube has a volume of 36 cm3. If the
ice cube has a mass of 33.2 g, what is the
density of the ice cube?

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Example 2:
Convert the density = 0.92 g/cm3 in lb/m3
using the following conversion data:
1 kg = 2.205 lb ; 1 kg = 1000 g ; 1m = 100 cm

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Rules in significant figures:
1. All non-zero digits are significant.
123456789
2. Zeros before a number are not significant.
0.0003 = 1 SF ; 0.0111 = 3 SF
3. Zeros after a number are significant.
20.00 = 4 SF ; 200 = 1 SF
4. Zeros between numbers are significant.
Matter
20.0010 = 6 SF ; 0.0020076 = 5 SF And
Measurement
 Give the significant figures of
the following series of numbers.

1. 205.00 6. 03.1416
2. 0.00360 7. 257,000
3. 78,541,200 8. 0.0009
4. 2,045,000. 9. 14.012
5. 0.0075 10. 0.1480 Matter
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Example 3:
If the density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789g/mL.
What is its mass if you fill exactly a 200. mL
container?

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Physical Properties
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY - is the ability of matter to
transfer energy (HEAT) from one to another.
CONDUCTORS – Have high thermal conductivities
(metals: Cu, Al, Au, Ag, Co, W, etc.)
SEMI-CONDUCTORS – moderate-low thermal
conductivities (Metalloids: Si, Ge, etc.)
INSULATORS – have a very poor thermal conductivities
(non metals: O, N, C, wood, wires, etc.) Matter
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Activity 2
Tell whether the materials are conductors or insulators (/)

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1 minute
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Activity 2
Tell whether the materials are conductors or insulators (/)

/
/
/
/
/
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Physical Properties
SOLUBILITY - the measure of how much of a substance
dissolves in a given volume of liquid. For example, sugar and
sand, have a different solubilities in water.

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LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE And
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Physical Properties
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES - pertains to how substances
are attracted to magnet.

FERROMAGNETIC –
attracted to magnet (Fe,
steel, Co, Ni)
NONFERROMAGNETIC –
not attracted to magnet (Cu, Matter

Al, Zn) And

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Physical Property of
Matter is Classified
as:
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 Properties of Matter
• Intensive Properties:
Independent of the amount of the
matter that is present.
• Extensive Properties:
dependent of the amount of the matter
that is present. Matter
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 Properties of Matter
• Intensive Properties:
Density Malleability
Boiling Point Ductility
Color Hardness
Taste Luster
Odor Potential
Melting point/Freezing point
Solubility Matter
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 Properties of Matter
• Extensive Properties:
Mass Length
Volume Size
Internal Energy Shape
Entropy
Heat Capacity
Enthalpy
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Chemical Properties
describe the substance’s ability to change
into new form with different properties. It
involves chemical reaction, the conversion of
matter to other type of matter.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Total mass of finished products = Total mass
of Starting materials Matter
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Chemical Reactions
In the course
of a chemical
reaction, the
reacting
substances
are converted
to new
substances. Matter
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Chemical Properties
FLAMMABILITY - is the ease on with which material is
ignited. Materials produces different flame colors
depending on their chemical composition.

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Flame Colors of Selected
Elements

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Chemical Properties
COMBUSTIBILITY – ability to react with Oxygen gas
in air to produce flame or explosion
Note: not all combustion reactions produces flame or explosion

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Chemical Properties
REACTIVITY – ability to react with other elements to
form new compound

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Activity 3

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3 minutes
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Activity 3
FLAMMABILITY
REACTIVITY
REACTIVITY
COMBUSTIBILITY
FLAMMABILITY
COMBUSTIBILITY
REACTIVITY
REACTIVITY
FLAMMABILITY Matter
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FLAMMABILITY Measurement
 Changes in Matter
• Physical Change:
Changes in matter that do not change
the composition of a substance.

• Chemical Change:
Changes in matter that change the
composition of a substance. Matter
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 Changes in Matter
• Physical Change:
Melting, Evaporation, Cutting,
Deposition, Freezing, etc.
• Chemical Change:
Spoiling of food, Digestion, Ripening of
fruits, Rusting of iron, etc.
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 Changes in Matter
• Physical Change:

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 Changes in Matter
• Physical Change:
Heat Processes Phase 1 Phase 2 Process
Endothermic Solid Liquid Melting
Processes – heat Liquid Gas Evaporation
absorbing
Solid Gas Sublimation
Exothermic Liquid Solid Freezing
Processes – heat Gas Liquid Condensation
releasing
Gas Solid Deposition
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 Changes in Matter
• Chemical Change:

formation of
precipitate
(insoluble solid)
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 Changes in Matter
• Chemical Change:

formation of
light (eg.
flame)
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 Changes in Matter
• Chemical Change:

formation of
gas
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 Changes in Matter
• Chemical Change:

formation of
heat
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Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition
Matter
Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten And
Measurement