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Eni Space 3
Eni Space 3
Albert Einstein
published his special theory of relativity, which led to the concept that space
and time can be viewed as a single construct known as spacetime. In this theory,
the speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers—which has the result
that two events that appear simultaneous to one particular observer will not be
simultaneous to another observer if the observers are moving with respect to one
another. Moreover, an observer will measure a moving clock to tick more slowly than
one that is stationary with respect to them; and objects are measured to be
shortened in the direction that they are moving with respect to the observer.
Fundamentals
AccelerationAngular momentumCoupleD'Alembert's principleEnergy
kineticpotentialForceFrame of referenceInertial frame of referenceImpulseInertia /
Moment of inertiaMass
Mechanical powerMechanical work
MomentMomentumSpaceSpeedTimeTorqueVelocityVirtual work
Formulations
Core topics
Rotation
Scientists
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Space is one of the few fundamental quantities in physics, meaning that it cannot
be defined via other quantities because nothing more fundamental is known at the
present. On the other hand, it can be related to other fundamental quantities.
Thus, similar to other fundamental quantities (like time and mass), space can be
explored via measurement and experiment.
Relativity
Main article: Theory of relativity
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Before Albert Einstein's work on relativistic physics, time and space were viewed
as independent dimensions. Einstein's discoveries showed that due to relativity of
motion our space and time can be mathematically combined into one object–spacetime.
It turns out that distances in space or in time separately are not invariant with
respect to Lorentz coordinate transformations, but distances in Minkowski space
along spacetime intervals are—which justifies the name.
In addition, time and space dimensions should not be viewed as exactly equivalent
in Minkowski space. One can freely move in space but not in time. Thus, time and
space coordinates are treated differently both in special relativity (where time is
sometimes considered an imaginary coordinate) and in general relativity (where
different signs are assigned to time and space components of spacetime metric).
One consequence of this postulate, which follows from the equations of general
relativity, is the prediction of moving ripples of spacetime, called gravitational
waves. While indirect evidence for these waves has been found (in the motions of
the Hulse–Taylor binary system, for example) experiments attempting to directly
measure these waves are ongoing at the LIGO and Virgo collaborations. LIGO
scientists reported the first such direct observation of gravitational waves on 14
September 2015.[26][27]