ĐỀ QUẢNG NAM 19-20

Listening

Lexico and Grammar

Multiple choice

highly-strung ~ nervous and easily upset

if you say that you can’t afford to do something, you mean that you should not do it
because it will cause problems for you if you do

Key: C

Key: A

level of fitness

set aside: tiết kiệm

below/ under par: ill

lethargic: having little energy; feeling unwilling and unable to do anything

overstep the mark: to behave in a completely unacceptable way

plumb the depths: reach the lowest point 

keep sb posted: thông báo kịp thời

at stake: that can be won or lost, depending on the success of a particular action 

have a bearing on sth ~ have an influence on sth

be exempt from sth: if somebody/something is exempt from something, they are not
affected by it, do not have to do it, pay it, etc.

boost something: to make something increase, or become better or more successful

Key: B

Key: B

back somebody/something up: to support somebody/something; to say that what

somebody says, etc. is true (xác nhận là chính xác)

in sequence: the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or should happen in (theo
thứ tự)

so be it: đành chịu vậy

Key: D

change hands: to pass to a different owner (thay tên đổi chủ)

have your hands full ~ busy
live (from) hand to mouth: to have just enough money to live on and nothing extra (đủ
sống qua ngày)
If you have/ gain the upper hand, you have more power than anyone else and so have
control
(nắm quyền)
Word Formation
0. worrying   21. unfounded 22. widespread 23. childhood 24.
comparatively

25. passing 26. guidance

27. categorized 28. disorders 29. unwillingness 30. handful

Reading Skills
Open Cloze Test

(1) out
(2) place
hyperinflation: sự lạm phát tăng rất nhanh

(3) by

(4) same

(5) become
(6) on
get/lay/put your hands on sth: to find sth
(7) before
(8) of
the order of the day: something that is very common or important
(9) name
to name but a few: used after mentioning a small number of people or things as
examples of a larger group
(10) or
or so ~ approximately
Guided Cloze Test

Key: B
rival somebody/something (for/in something): to be as good, impressive, etc. as
somebody /something else (~ compared to)
surpass (v): to do or be better than somebody/something
 Its success has surpassed all expectations.
 Her cooking was always good, but this time she had surpassed herself (= done better
than her own high standards).

Key: A
virtually impossible: hầu như không thể
envision (v): to imagine what will happen in the future (mường tượng về tương lai)
devoid of something: completely without something

Key: B

intrepid: not afraid of danger or difficulties (gan dạ, dũng cảm)

ultimate: nền tảng, cơ bản (+result/aim …: cuối cùng)
inherent (in somebody/something): that is a basic or permanent part of
somebody/something and that cannot be removed (cố hữu, thâm căn cổ đế)
unbridled /ʌnˈbraɪdld/ (a) lacking control and therefore extreme (buông thả, mất kiềm
chế)
Key: C
to make/achieve a breakthrough

gain/lay/have the hands upper on: nắm quyền (trên cơ …)

Key: C

beaver away at sth: to work very hard at something (tích cực, chăm chỉ làm gì đó)

Utilising ~ Make use of

Key: D
Reading passage
Passage 1
THE HISTORY OF A COOL IMAGE
A  The history of sunglasses can be Heading: v. The origins and early history
traced back to ancient Rome around the of sunglasses
year AD 60, where the Emperor Nero is
said to have watched gladiator fights whilst
holding up polished emerald-green gems to 26. YES The earliest reference to
his eyes, thus reducing the effect of the sunglasses can be found in early Roman
sun's glare. The very first actual recorded times.
evidence of the use of sunglasses can be
found from a painting by Tommaso da
Modena in Italy, 1352, showing a person 27. NO Early Chinese sunglasses were
wearing sunglasses. worn to correct the wearer's eyesight.
Earlier, around the twelfth century in China,
sunglasses were worn by court judges, not
to protect their eyes from the sun, but in
order to conceal any expressions in their
eyes as it was important to keep their
thoughts and opinions secret until the end
of each trial. These were flat panes of
quartz that had been polished smooth and
then smoked to give their tint. It was not
until 1430 that prescription glasses were Heading: iii How the physical shape of
first developed in Italy to correct vision, and early sunglasses developed
these early rudimentary spectacles soon
found their way to China, where they were
again tinted by smoke to be used by the 28. NOT GIVEN. The work of James
judges. The frames were carved out of Ayscough had a profound effect on the
either ivory or tortoiseshell, and some were development of modern lenses.
quite ornate. During the 17th century,
prescription glasses were being used in
England to help elderly long-sighted people 29. NO Prior to 1730, sidepieces on
to see better. The Spectacle Makers glasses were made of many different
Company was founded in England, which materials.
started manufacturing prescription glasses
for the public and whose motto was "A
Blessing to the Aged".
---------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------
tint: to add a small amount of colour to
something
spectacles = glasses
B The development of sunglasses,
however, remained static until the work of
James Ayscough, who was known for his
work on microscopes in London around
1750. He experimented with blue and
green tinted lenses, believing they could
help with certain vision problems. These
were not sunglasses, however, as he was
not concerned with protecting the eyes
from the sun's rays.
Prescription spectacles continued to be
developed over the next few decades,
especially regarding the design of the
spectacle frames and how to get them to
sit comfortably on the nose. The frames
were made from leather, bone, ivory,
tortoiseshell and metal, and were simply
propped or balanced on the nose. The
early arms or sidepieces of the frames first
appeared as strips of ribbon that looped
around the backs of the ears. Rather than
loops, the Chinese added ceramic weights
to the ends of the ribbons which dangled
down behind the tops of the ears. Solid
sidepieces finally arrived in 1730, invented
by Edward Scarlett.
sidepiece: gọng kính

C  Sunglasses, as we know them Heading: vii. The arrival of modern

today, were first introduced by Sam Foster sunglasses
in America, 1929. These were the first 30. YES Sam Foster's sunglasses were
sunglasses designed specifically to protect the first to be made for a mass market.
people's eyes from the harmful sun's rays.
He founded the Foster Grant Company,
and sold the first pair of Foster Grant
sunglasses on the boardwalk by the
beaches in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
These were the first mass-produced
sunglasses, and from this year onwards,
sunglasses really began to take off.

D  In 1936, Edwin H Land patented the Heading: i New developments in

Polaroid filter for making polarized sunglasses lenses
sunglasses. This type of tint reduces glare
reflected from surfaces, such as water.
Later in that same year, Ray-Ban took the
design of pilots' sunglasses further by
producing the aviator style sunglasses that
we know today, using this recently invented
polarized lens technology. The edge of
the frame characteristically drooped away
at the edges by the cheeks in a sort of tear
drop shape, to give a full all-round
protection to the pilots' eyes, who regularly
had to glance down towards the aircraft's
instrument panel. The polarized lens
reduced the glare from light reflected off
the instrument panel. Pilots were given
these sunglasses free of charge, but in
1937 the general public were allowed to
purchase this aviator-style model that
"banned" the sun's rays as Ray-Ban
sunglasses.

E  In 1960, Foster Grant started a big Heading: vi Ways in which sunglasses

advertising campaign to promote have become trendy
sunglasses, and pretty soon famous film
stars and pop stars started wearing
sunglasses as part of their image. The
public began to adopt this new fashion of
wearing sunglasses, not just to protect their
eyes from bright light, but also as a way of
looking good. Today, sunglasses are
continuing to be improved with efficient UV
blocking tints, cutting out all the harmful
ultra-violet light. Various coloured tints are
now available and, of course, the frame
styles are very varied and exciting. Now
you can really make a statement with your
fashion sunglasses, transforming your
image or creating a new one. Designer
sunglasses have certainly come a long way
in just a few years, and now not only
protect our eyes from the harmful sun's
rays, but are also an important fashion
accessory - and it all started nearly 2,000
years ago with the Roman Emperor Nero!

Passage 2

ADVERTISING SHIFTS FOCUS

The average citizen is bombarded with TV commercials, posters and newspaper
advertisements wherever he goes. Not only this, but promotional material is constantly
on view, with every available public space from shop to petrol station covered with
advertising of some kind. People who are foolish enough to drive with their windows
open are likely to have leaflets advertising everything and anything thrust in at them.
The amount of advertising to which we are exposed is phenomenal, yet advertisers are
being hurt by their industry's worst recession in a decade and a conviction that is in
many respects more frightening than the booms and busts of capitalism: the belief that
advertising can go no further. Despite the ingenuity of the advertisers, who, in their need
to make their advertisements as visually attractive as possible, often totally obscure the
message, the consumer has become increasingly cynical and simply blanks out all but
the subtlest messages. The advertising industry has therefore turned to a more
vulnerable target: the young.
31. What does the writer say about advertising in the first paragraph?
    A. Capitalism has led to the demise of advertising.
    B. We should have a cynical view of advertisers.
    C. Advertising is facing new challenges these days.
    D. The industry has run out of new ideas.
32. The bombardment of advertisements has led to ________.
    A. children taking more notice of them                
    B. greater difficulty in attracting consumers' attention
    C. more appealing advertisements
    D. people being less likely to spend money

The messages specifically aimed at children are for toys and games - whose
promotional budgets increased fivefold in the 1990s - and fast food, which dominates
the children's advertising market. Advertisers acknowledge that the commercial
pressures of the 1990s had an extraordinary effect on childhood: it is now generally
believed that the cut-off point for buying toys has been falling by one year every five
years. Research, suggests that while not so many years ago children were happy with
Lego or similar construction games at ten or eleven, most of today's children abandon
them at six or seven. In effect, the result is the premature ageing of children. 
33. How have children changed during the past decade?
    A. They have become consumers.
    B. They are growing up more quickly.
    C. They are becoming cleverer.
    D. They are not playing as much.
34. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C], or [D] best indicates where in
the paragraph the sentence “However, the main thrust of advertising in this area is
no longer towards traditional children's products.” can be inserted?
[A] The messages specifically aimed at children are for toys and games - whose
promotional budgets increased fivefold in the 1990s - and fast food, which
dominates the children's advertising market. [B] Advertisers acknowledge that the
commercial pressures of the 1990s had an extraordinary effect on childhood: it is
now generally believed that the cut-off point for buying toys has been falling by one
year every five years. [C] Research, suggests that while not so many years ago
children were happy with Lego or similar construction games at ten or eleven, most
of today's children abandon them at six or seven. In effect, the result is the
premature ageing of children. [D]
    A. [A]                          B. [B]                        C. [C]                       
D. [D]
There is nowhere where the advertising industry's latest preoccupation with the
young is so evident as in schools. Increasingly low budgets have left schools
vulnerable to corporate funding and sponsorship schemes in order to provide much
needed equipment, such as computers, or to enable them to run literacy schemes.
While on the face of it this would seem to be a purely philanthropic gesture on the part
of the companies concerned, the other side of the coin is a pervasive commercial
presence in the classroom, where textbooks and resource books are increasingly likely
to bear a company logo. 
35. Which of the following sentences best expresses the meaning of the underlined
sentence in paragraph 3?
    A. The advertising industry's latest obsession with young people is rather
obvious in schools.
    B. Nowhere else can we see the advertising industry's latest products for the
young as in schools.
    C. Schools are places where the advertising industry's latest concern with
youngsters is the least obvious.
    D. It is in schools that the advertising industry's latest concern with
youngsters is the most clearly seen.
36. What does the writer imply in the third paragraph?
    A. Advertising agencies need to preserve their reputations.
    B. Schools welcome aid from big business.
    C. There are restrictions on how financial aid may be used.
    D. Companies expect nothing in return for their help.

This marked shift in advertising perceptions also means that a great deal of supposedly
adult advertising has an infantile appeal, inasmuch as adult products can be presented
within an anecdote or narrative, thus making the message more accessible to young
teenagers and smaller children. Children obviously cannot buy these things for
themselves; what is behind these advertisements is more subtle. Advertisers have
come to recognize that if children can successfully pester their parents to buy them the
latest line in trainers, then they can also influence their parent's choice of car or credit
card, and so children become an advertising tool in themselves.
37. How have children changed the face of advertising?
    A. Children are influencing the purchases of adult products.
    B. They are now the advertising industry's sole market.
    C. More products have to be sold to children.
    D. Children have become more selective in their choices.

There are many, on all sides of the ideological spectrum, who would argue that
advertising has little influence on children, who are exposed to such a huge variety of
visual images that advertisements simply become lost in the crowd. Rather, they would
argue that it is the indulgent parents, who do not wish their children to lack for anything,
who boost sales figures. While there may be a great deal of truth in this, it would seem
that to deny that advertising influences at all because there is so much of it, while
accepting that other aspects of life do have an effect, is a little disingenuous. In fact, the
advertising industry itself admits that since peer pressure plays such an important role
in children's lives, they are not difficult to persuade. And of course, their minds are not
yet subject to the advertising overload their parents suffer from. The question that arises
is whether indeed, we as a society can accept that children, far from being in some
sense protected from the myriad of pressures, decisions and choices which impinge on
an adult's life, should now be exposed to this influence in all aspects of their lives, in
ways that we as adults have no control over. Or do we take the attitude that, as with
everything else from crossing city streets to the intense competition of the modern
world, children will have to learn to cope, so the sooner they are exposed the better?
38. The word “who” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
    A. many people           B. the crowd             C. parents                  D. children
39. What does the writer suggest in the last paragraph?
    A. Adults feel increasingly threatened by advertising.
    B. Children are unlikely to be influenced by their friends.
    C. Parents avoid spending too much money on their children.
    D. Children have a less sheltered existence than they used to.
(Trẻ con ít được che chở hơn trước đây)
40. In the text as a whole, the writer's purpose is to ________.
    A. explain the inspiration for advertisements
    B. expose the exploitation (sự khai thác) of children
    C. deter parents from giving in to advertisers
    D. prevent advertisers from infiltrating schools

Passage 3
SEEKING SOCRATES 
It may be more than 2,400 years since his death, but the Greek philosopher can still
teach us a thing or two about leading ‘the good life’. Bettany Hughes digs deeper.
 
A   Sharing breakfast with an award-winning author in an Edinburgh hotel a few years
back, the conversation came round to what I was writing next. 'A book on Socrates,'
I mumbled through my muesli. 'Socrates!' he exclaimed. 'What a brilliant doughnut
subject. Really rich and succulent with a great hole in the middle where the central
character should be.' I felt my smile fade because, of course, he was right.
Socrates, the Greek philosopher, might be one of the most famous thinkers of all
time, but, as far as we know, he wrote not a single word down. Born in Athens in
469 BC, condemned to death by a democratic Athenian court in 399 BC, Socrates
philosophized freely for close on half a century. Then he was found guilty of
corrupting the young and of disrespecting the city's traditional gods. His
punishment? Lethal hemlock poison in a small prison cell. We don't have Socrates'
personal archive; and we don't even know where he was buried. So, for many, he
has come to seem aloof and nebulous – a daunting intellectual figure – always just
out of reach.

44.______why little is known about Socrates as a man

48.______the realization that finding out about Socrates was a difficult task

Written Test 
Essay
Drug addiction is becoming an increasing problem. In order to reduce this problem,
anyone caught using drugs should be automatically sentenced to time in prison.
Do you agree or disagree?
 Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge and experience.