Anatomy & Physiology – Lecture (Nursing)

Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: THE HUMAN ORGANISM

Learning Targets:
At the end of the module, students will be able to:
1. Identify the classroom rules and regulations; Materials: Book, pen and notebook
2. Define anatomy and physiology with the significance of
structural and functional organization of human body;
3. Enumerate the eleven organ systems and define their vital
role in human body;
4. List and define characteristics of life;
5. Explain homeostasis and the mechanisms involved in the
human body;
6. Describe the organ systems of the body;
7. Identify the anatomical and common names of some body
parts, anteriorly and posteriorly; References:
8. Describe the anatomical position of the human body and VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A.
directional terms in able to locate specific body parts; (2019). Seeley’s essentials of anatomy &
9. Name the human body’s major planes and trunk cavities with physiology (10th ed.). New York, NY:
their divisions; and, McGraw-Hill Education.
10. Define the serous membranes with their parts and functions.

A. SUBJECT ORIENTATION

Your classroom instructor for this subject, Anatomy and Physiology, is

____________________________.
(You write in this area the vital policies, rules & regulations to be noted in this class. You may also refer to
the Course Outline to be distributed by your instructor.)

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 Anatomy & Physiology – Lecture (Nursing)
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

B. MAIN LESSON
You must read & study the concepts and refer to figures/tables in Chapter 1 of the book.

Anatomy – the study of the structures of the body

Physiology – the study of the processes and functions of the body.

6 Levels of Organization for Human Body

1. Chemical – involves how atoms interact and combine into molecules

2. Cell – basic structural and functional units of organisms
3. Tissue – a group of similar cells and the material surrounding them
4. Organ – composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common
functions
5. Organ System – a group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of
functions
6. Organism – a complex of organ systems that are mutually dependent upon one another
11 Organ Systems of Human Body

System Function Some Organs

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands,
1. Integumentary
water loss, helps produce vitamin D sweat glands
Provides protection and support, allows body
bones, associated cartilages,
2. Skeletal movements, produces blood cells, stores mineral and
ligaments, joints
adipose tissue
Produces body movements, maintains posture, produces muscles attached to the skeleton by
3. Muscular
body heat tendons
Major regulatory system that detects sensations and
brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory
4. Nervous controls movements, physiological processes,
receptors
intellectual functions
Major regulatory system that influences metabolism, endocrine glands, such as pituitary,
5. Endocrine
growth, reproduction that secrete hormones
Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and
6. Cardiovascular hormones throughout the body, plays a role in the heart, blood vessels, and blood
immune response and regulation of body temperature
Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph,
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and
7. Lymphatic combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, absorbs
other lymphatic organs
dietary fats from digestive tract
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
8. Respiratory lungs and respiratory passages
blood and air, regulates blood pH
Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of mouth, esophagus, stomach,
9. Digestive
digestion, absorption of nutrients, elimination of wastes intestines, and accessory organs
Removes waste products from the blood and regulates
10. Urinary kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters
blood pH, ion balance, water balance
Produces oocytes for females and sperm cells for males
female (ovaries, uterus, vagina)
11. Reproductive for reproduction and hormones that influence sexual
male (testes, ducts, penis)
functions and behaviors

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 Anatomy & Physiology – Lecture (Nursing)
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

6 Essential Characteristics of Life

1. Organization – refers to a specific relationship of the many individual parts of an organism.

2. Metabolism – the ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement, and
reproduction.
3. Responsiveness – the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the
adjustments that help maintain its life.
4. Growth – refers to an increase in size of all or part of the organism
5. Development – includes the changes an organism undergoes through time
6. Reproduction – the formation of new cells or new organisms.

Homeostasis – the condition in which body functions, body fluids, and other factors of the internal
environment are maintained within a range of values suitable to support life.

● Negative Feedback Mechanism – regulates most systems of the body; occurs when any deviation
from the set point is made smaller or is resisted
● Positive Feedback Mechanism – occurs when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response
You must read & study the concepts and refer to figures/tables in Chapter 1 of the book.

Organ Systems of the Body (Refer to Figure 1.3 of the book, pages 6-7)
Body Parts: Anterior and Posterior View (Refer to Figure 1.9 of the book, pages 13-14)

Anatomical Position – refers to a person standing upright with the face directed forward, the upper limbs
hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward.

Directional terms always refer to the anatomical position, regardless of the body’s actual position.

TERM DEFINITION
Right Toward the body’s right side
Left Toward the body’s left side
Inferior Below
Superior Above
Anterior Toward the front of the body
Posterior Toward the back of the body
Dorsal Toward the back (synonymous with posterior)
Ventral Toward the belly (synonymous with anterior)
Proximal Closer to a point of attachment
Distal Farther from a point of attachment
Lateral Away from the midline of the body
Medial Toward the middle or midline of the body
Superficial Toward or on the surface
Deep Away from the surface, internal

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 Anatomy & Physiology – Lecture (Nursing)
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Planes:
▪ Sagittal Plane – runs vertically through the body and separates it into right and left parts
▪ Median Plane – a sagittal plane that passes through the midline of body, dividing it into equal
right & left halves
▪ Transverse / Horizontal Plane – runs parallel to the surface of ground, dividing the body into
superior and inferior parts
▪ Frontal / Coronal Plane – runs vertically from right to left & divides the body into anterior and
posterior parts

Sections:
▪ Longitudinal – a cut along the length of the organ
▪ Transverse / Cross Section – cuts completely through an organ, similar to cutting a hot dog into
round pieces
▪ Oblique – a cut is made diagonally across the long axis

Trunk Cavities:
▪ Thoracic Cavity – surrounded by rib cage & is separated from the abdominal cavity by the
muscular diaphragm
▪ Abdominal Cavity – bounded primarily by abdominal muscles; contains stomach, intestines,
liver, spleen, pancreas & kidneys
▪ Pelvic Cavity – a small space enclosed by the bones of the pelvis; contains the urinary bladder,
part of the large intestine, and the internal reproductive organs.

Serous Membranes:
▪ Visceral – membranes that are in contact with the organ/s
▪ Parietal – membranes that are in contact with the walls of the cavity

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be
given to the correct answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in
your answer/ratio is not allowed. You are given 20 minutes for this activity.

Multiple Choice:

1. Which of the following activities does NOT represent an anatomical study:

a. making a section through the heart to observe its interior
b. examining the surface of a bone
c. viewing muscle tissue through a microscope
d. studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses
e. observing the parts of a reproducing cell
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

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 Anatomy & Physiology – Lecture (Nursing)
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

2. Which of the following components of the control system is responsible for detecting any change and
motor the value of variables?
a. Control Center c. Effector
b. Stimulus d. Receptor
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

3. All are considered negative feedback mechanism, except:

a. Body temperature regulation c. Increase in blood pressure
b. Uterine contractions during delivery d. Doing exercises
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

4. Which basic approach to study anatomy is taken in the vast majority of medical and dentals schools?
a. Regional Anatomy c. Surface Anatomy
b. Systemic Anatomy d. Anatomical Imaging
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

5. As a student, you understand that it is important to study how the human body works because:
a. it is fixed and unchanging.
b. it provides a way to understand how the body maintains external conditions.
c. it can predict the responses that the body can do in every stimulus.
d. it has a wide range of values to maintain homeostasis.
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

6. Differentiation in an organism depicts a change in cell structure and function from generalize to
specialized. This process is involved in:
a. Growth and development c. Growth
b. Metabolism d. Development
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
7. The mechanism of homeostasis is mainly governed by:
a. Cardiovascular and nervous system b. Nervous and endocrine system

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 Anatomy & Physiology – Lecture (Nursing)
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

c. Endocrine and urinary system d. Urinary and respiratory system

ANSWER: ________
RATIO:______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

8. During summer, Pepper and her friends would go on a trip and hike at noon. As a student, Pepper
knows that her body would compensate with the change in core temperature. All of the following are
expected, except:
a. The hypothalamus stimulates the blood vessels in the skin to constrict.
b. The sweat glands produce sweat.
c. The blood vessels send more blood to the body’s surface.
d. All the aforementioned statements are correct.
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

9. Disruption in normal functioning of cells may result in death. One possible cause of disruption is
occurrence of disease.
a. The first statement is correct. The second statement is wrong.
b. The first statement is wrong. The second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. Both of the statements are wrong.
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

10. There are four primary types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. To be able to
perform its function, each system is composed of only one specific type of tissue.
a. The first statement is correct. The second statement is wrong.
b. The first statement is wrong. The second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. Both of the statements are wrong.
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

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 Anatomy & Physiology – Lecture (Nursing)
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

AL Activity: CAT: MUDDIEST POINT

This technique will help you determine which key points were missed in the main lesson. You will respond
to only one question:

In today’s session, what was least clear to you?

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