5. The Abolitionist Movement. The Civil War.

Abraham Lincoln – The Great

Emancipator.
The history of the Abolitionist Movement. “The Liberator”, Nat Turner’s revolt,
the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman.
The abolitionist movement was an organized effort to end the practice of slavery
(ОТМЕНА РАБСТВА) in the United States. The division and enmity encouraged by
this movement, among other factors, led to the Civil War and eventually the end
of slavery in America.
An abolitionist, as the name implies, is a person who wanted to abolish slavery
during the 19th century. More specifically, these individuals sought the
immediate and full emancipation of all enslaved people.
Most early abolitionists were white, religious Americans, but some of the most
prominent leaders of the movement were also Black men and women who had
escaped from bondage.
They sent petitions to Congress, ran for political office and spread anti-slavery
literature.
. The Civil War in the USA, its causes and major results.
American Civil War, also called War Between the States, four-year war (1861–65)
between the United States and 11 Southern states that separate from the Union
and formed the Confederate States of America.

Causes
Prior to the war, the North and the South had been divided for decades over the
issue of slavery.
o The Southern economy was based largely on plantation agriculture, and
African American slaves did most of the work on the plantations. The Northern
economy, on the other hand, relied more on manufacturing. By the 1850s
abolitionism was growing in the North, causing the Southern states to fear that
the federal government would attempt to end slavery.

In the wake of Lincoln’s election, 11 Southern states separated from the Union
to protect what they saw as their right to keep slaves. These states organized as
the Confederate States of America.
Effects
Battle of Gettysburg -- With the decisive (дисАйсив) defeat of the Confederate
army at Gettysburg, the war turned in favor of a Union victory.
- In September 1862 Lincoln called on the separated states to return to the
Union or have their slaves declared free. When no state returned, he issued the
Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863.
-Despite a string of early Confederate victories, the Union forces ultimately
prevailed in the war
- 2 percent of the 1860 population of the United States died in the war. The war
remains the bloodiest conflict in American history.
- After the war the defeated states were gradually allowed back into the United
States.
Abraham Lincoln – the Great Emancipator.
In 1856 he joined the Republican Party. In the 1860 presidential election, he ran
against Douglas again and won by a large margin in the electoral college. The
South opposed his position on slavery in the territories, and before his
inauguration seven Southern states had separated from the Union. The
consequent American Civil War completely consumed Lincoln’s administration.
He excelled as a wartime leader, creating a high command for directing all the
country’s.
To unite the North and influence foreign opinion, he issued the Emancipation
Proclamation (1863); his Gettysburg Address (1863) further ennobled the war’s
purpose. The continuing war affected some Northerners’ resolve and his
reelection was not assured, but strategic battle victories turned the tide, and he
easily defeated George B. McClellan in 1864. His platform included passage of
the 13th Amendment outlawing slavery (ratified 1865). A
Abraham Lincoln was a member of the Whig Party and later a Republican. He
believed that the government’s job was to do what a community of people
could not do for themselves.
Abraham Lincoln’s chief goal in the American Civil War was to preserve the
Union. At the outset of the war, he would have done so at any cost, including by
allowing slavery to continue. By winning the war, he achieved both these
objectives—reunion and abolition.
The Reconstruction era was the period after the American Civil War from 1865
to 1877, during which the United States faced with the challenges of
reintegrating into the Union the states that had separate and determining the
legal status of African Americans. during it attempts were made to implement full
freedom and constitutional rights for African Americans following emancipation.