The Six Philosophical Thoughts on Education

A. John Locke (1632-1704): The Empiricist Educator

For John Locke Education is not acquisition of knowledge Contained in the Great Books, But
learners do interact with concrete experiences, Comparing and reflecting on the same concrete
experience.
B. Herbert Spencer (1820-1903): Utilitarian education
Spencer's educational theories called “Social Darwism”. His concept Of Survival of the fittest,
That human development had gone through an evolutionary series of stages from.

The simple To complex

 From the uniform to the more specialized activity.

 Through evolutionary process.
 Curriculum aspect related to human survival.
 Not inclined to rote learning.
 Schooling be related to life activities, indeed to earn a living.
 Individual competition leads to social progress. He who is fittest survives.
C. John Dewey (1859-1952) : According to him, schools are for the people and by the people.
D. George counts ( 1889-1974): Building a new social order
For any societal change, Instrument for this is the schools and teachers whose tasks for the
implementation for school improvement. Teachers are called to make choices in areas of
economics, Politics and morality to avoid failure. Furthermore, Schools ought to provide
education that afford equal learning opportunities to all students.
E. Theodore Brameld (1904-1987) : Social reconstruction
Like John, Dewey and George counts, Social Reconstructionist are convinced that education is
not a privilege but a right to be enjoyed by all.
F. Paulo Freire, Believed that school systems must be changed:
 To overcome expression and improve human conditions
 Democratic relationship between the teachers and students
 That educational and literacy, a vehicle for social changes
 Dialogue is most concerned and critical pedagogy
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