Chester John Zuñiga

BSIE 3-1

FINAL EXAMINATION IN LEAN SIX SIGMA

1. The effect of temperature on the seal strength of a certain packaging material is
being investigated. The temperature is varied at five different fixed levels and
observations are given below. (15 points)

a. Test the normality of the data and choose the appropriate statistical treatment.
b. Is there evidence to indicate that temperature level affects seal strength? Use alpha
= 0.05.
c. If it is appropriate to do so, make comparisons between the pairs of means using
Tukey’s test. What conclusions can you draw?
d. Analyze the residuals from this experiment and comment on model adequacy.

INTERPRETATION:

I can state that the model performs an excellent job of capturing the
data given that the residuals have a constant spread, a roughly
normal distribution, and an acceptable level of independence.
Since the p-value from the Anderson-Darling test exceeds the
chosen significance level (typically 0.05), the null hypothesis can
be rejected. This suggests that it is reasonable to assume the data
have a normal distribution.

INTERPRETATION IN P-VALUE:
Since the p-value from the Anderson-Darling test exceeds the
chosen significance level (typically 0.05), the null hypothesis can
be rejected. This suggests that it is reasonable to assume the data
have a normal distribution.
B)
 a.

c.
d.
2. In an experiment conducted in the Civil Engineering Department at Virginia Tech, growth
of a certain type of algae in water was observed as a function of time and the dosage of
copper added to the water. The data are as follows. Response is in units of algae. (15
points)

a. Do an analysis of variance and show the analysis of- variance table.

b. Comment concerning whether the data are sufficient to show a time effect on
algae concentration.
c. Do the same for copper content. Does the level of copper impact
algae concentration?
d. Comment on the results of the test for interaction. How is the effect of
copper content influenced by time?
e. Show the residual plots and interpret the results.

INTERPRETATION:

The influence of copper content on algae concentration

depends on the time period, and the relationship is not the same
throughout all time periods, as indicated by the small p-value (less
than 0.05), which suggests that there is a significant interaction
effect between "Time" and "Copper."
Overall, it appears that both "Time" and "Copper" have
substantial effects on the growth of algae based on the ANOVA
results and residual analysis. Furthermore, there is a sizable
interaction effect between "Time" and "Copper," demonstrating that
the influence of copper level on algae concentration fluctuates with
time.
3. A TiW layer is deposited on a substrate using a sputtering tool. Table 6E.13 contains
layer thickness measurements (in Angstroms) on 20 subgroups of four substrates.
(a) X and S chart on this process. Is the process in control? Revise the control limits as
necessary.
INTERPRETATION:
All points being inside the control boundaries shows that the process is under control
and the process variation is consistent. Points outside of the control boundaries
indicate that the process's variation is more than anticipated. This might be caused by
unique causes of variation that need to be looked into
4. The count of surface nonconformities in 1000 m2 of 20-kg kraft paper is given in the
following table. Determine the trial central line and control limits and the revised central
line and control limits, assuming that out-of-control points have assignable causes.
INTERPRETATION:

All points fall within the control limits, it suggests that the process is
in control and
variations in the count of nonconformities are due to common
causes of variation
5. The performance of the first shift is reflected in the inspection results of electric carving
knives. Determine the trial central line and control limits for each subgroup. Assume
that any out-of-control points have assignable causes and determine the standard value

for the fraction nonconforming for the next production period.

INTERPRETATION: The fact that some points
surpass the established control limits raises the
possibility that
Reasons for variation that are attributable
(special) and have an effect on the process
6.
INTERPRETATION of p
value :

The predictors x1, x3, and x4 all have

P-values that are higher than the 0.05
level of significance. These findings
suggest that these determinants do
not have a statistically significant
impact on the elements that require
hospital personnel. Because x2 (width)
has a p-value less than 0.05, it is
statistically significant that it influences
the requirement for staff at a hospital.
It's important to keep in mind that x2
may not have much of an impact on a
hospital's staffing needs compared to
other variables. More research is
required to determine the magnitude
and direction of this influence. It is also
encouraged to look into additional
potential factors that could statistically
significantly affect how much staff a
hospital needs.