QUIZ (Group 6)

IDENTIFICATION
_ 1.A calculation device which receives a sequence of digital values at its input.
Answer: Digital Filter
_ 2. A typical FFT analyzer has a transform size of .
Answer: 1024 data samples
_ 3. Is a signal that changes abruptly over a short period of time and then returns
to its original state.
Answer: Transient Signal
_ 4. It is caused by sampling of the time signal and meaning that high frequencies
after sampling can appear as lower ones.
Answer: Aliasing
_ 5. An analyzer that produce results in a very much shorter time.
Answer: Real-Time Analyzer
_ 6. PSD stands for .
Answer: Power Spectral Density
_ 7. An extremely efficient way of calculating the so-called Discrete Fourier
Transform (DFT) which is a discrete, finite approximation to Fourier transform.
Answer: FFT Algorithm
_ 8. Is used to measure the mean power in the filter output and consists of a
squaring section to obtain the instantaneous power.
Answer: Detector
_ 9. Is a signal that has statistical properties that do not change over time.
Answer: Stationary Signal
_ 10. Is primarily application to non-stationary signals because it is designed to
give more weight to recent data points while gradually decreasing the weight of older data points.
Answer: Exponential Averaging
TRUE OR FALSE
_ 1.The analyzer Type 2131 does have a “constant confidence” mode.
Answer: True
_ 2.Using zoom it is not possible to obtain the complete 4000-line spectrum of the
10K transient in 10 passes, each time calculating 400 lines.
Answer: False
_ 3.If the analyzer has a 10 K memory length the best way to solve the problem is to
record the full 10 K and perform “scan” analysis.
Answer: True
_ 4. When the analyzer is operating within its real-time frequency range, there is no
problem, as the entire incoming signals is analyzed.
Answer: True
_ 5. Choosing the “half amplitude length” of the window would not give virtually
uncorrelated results and reduce the amount of data to a minimum, but could give an error of up to
6 db for extremely localized transients between two window position.
Answer: False

ENUMERATION
1-2. Give the two (2) normally alternatives in response properties of filters, detectors and recorders
Answer: Linear Averaging, Running exponential Averaging
3-5. Give the three (3) "pitfalls" introduce by the finite in FFT analysis.
Answer: Aliasing, Time window effect, Picket fence effect
6-8. The speed at which the filter can be swept through the analysis range is limited by one of the
3 factors.
Answer: Filter response time, Averaging time, Recorder writing speed
9-10. Give the two (2) ways in which the analysis can still be made with an analyzer with 10 K
memory length, provided the transient can be contained in this 10 times longer memory.
Answer: Zoom FFT, Moving Windows
 Group 8: Acoustic Emission

Identification (2 points each)

Lüders bands 1. A type of slip bands in metals which are formed due to the localized bands of
plastic deformation in metals experiencing tensile stresses.

Homogenous deformation 2. It is a type of deformation where two lines remain straight in the
deformed configuration, remains parallel and stretched at the same amount.

RMS voltmeter 3. An instrument used for continuous emission of signal.

(Oscilloscope) 4.An instrument used for immediate impression of Acoustic Emission activity.

Hyperbola 5.The time difference between the arrival time of the signal at two transducers
determines a ____ in a plane.

Dislocation movements 6. Enables atoms in metals to slide readily by one another, facilitating
the plastic deformation that blunts the advance of cracks.

Crack formation and extension 7. Results in the creation of new surfaces, strain energy is
released and this is partly transformed into AE signals. ANS.

Friction mechanisms 8. This also occurs in cracks, and the sudden sliding mechanism
releases burst type signals. Crack formation and friction burst signals are very useful for
detecting and localizing cracks.

Kaiser Effect 9. Refers to the idea that a material will only emit acoustic waves when it is
subjected to a level of stress that is higher than any previous level it has experienced.

Yield Point 10. Is a term used to describe the point at which a material begins to deform
plastically under the influence of an external force.
Enumeration (1 point each)

Two types of plastic deformation

1. Homogenous Deformation

2. Lüders deformation

Name 3 source ocation techniques used with AE testing for pressure vessels.

1.LINEAR LOCATION

2. PLANAR LOCATION

3. 3D LOCATION

ICYMI (In Case You Missed It): Additional terms to ponder

Peizoelectric Transducer - it is an active transducer that converts physical quantity into an

electric potential.

Three - To achieve absolute calibration, how many transducers are used? Three

Acoustic Emission - is a testing and analysis technique used by industry to evaluate the
properties of a material, component, structure or system for characteristic differences or welding
defects and discontinuities without causing damage to the original part.

Radiographic Testing - is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method which uses either x-rays or
gamma rays to examine the internal structure of manufactured components identifying any flaws
or defects.

Eddy Currents - is one of many electromagnetic testing methods used in nondestructive testing
(NDT) making use of electromagnetic induction to detect and characterize surface and sub-
surface flaws in conductive materials.

Signal amplification - This increases or amplifies the signal generated from the probe molecule
hybridized to the target nucleic acid sequence.
Group 9 (quiz)

1. What is vibration testing? (5 points)

2. Give the 3 most common types of Vibration Testing

2 points each

Wideband Random Testing

-The drive signal has characteristics that approximate closer to the statistical characteristics of
common vibration environments in Service than a pure sine signal; all specimen resonances are Excited
simultaneously, so important interaction effects are accounted for.

• Any vibration test system requires an activated device to subject the test object to the Mechanical
motion required. This transducer is the (____) (ans. Exciter)

Structural Vibration

-it occurs when dynamic forces generated by Compressors, pumps, and engines cause the deck beams
to vibrate

Ans. Forced vibration

- is a type of vibration in which a force is repeatedly Applied to a mechanical system. The vibration
of a moving vehicle is forced vibration, because the vehicle’s engine, springs, the road, etc., Continue to
make it vibrate

Shock testing

- The (____) of the equipment is a method of qualification testing to ensure that delicate
equipment will operate satisfactorily in the practical shock equipment.

Random Vibration Testing

- Sometimes components or subassemblies exhibit failure mechanisms which can be initiated by

random vibration but not by sinusoidal vibration owning to nonlinear interaction between different
frequency components

Vibration

the (___) may influence the durability and reliability of Mechanical systems or Structures and cause
problems such as damage, abnormal stopping, and disaster.
Service testing

The transport medium or packaging method has to be specified for a piece of vulnerable equipment so
that it will not be damaged by shocks occurring during shipping or handling
Group 10 Quiz
 Rivera, Christian Paulo
 Salazar, Julius S.
 Allyson Palara
 Samia, Adrian

I. Identification
1. Are devices used to balance rotating parts, such as wheels, rotors, and fans, to ensure their smooth
operation and reduce wear and tear. Answer: Balancing Machines
2. Is a process of dynamically balancing a rotating machine while it is in operation, in its intended
operating environment. Answer: Field Balancing
3. Refers to the process of adjusting or optimizing in machine to improve the accuracy and
performance. Answer: Fine Balancing
4. Refer to rotating machinery components that are designed to have some degree of flexibility or
elasticity, in contrast to rigid rotors which are solid and do not deform under load. Answer: Flexible
Rotors
5. Refers to the process of evenly distributing the weight of the crankshaft and its components so
that it rotates smoothly and without vibration. Answer: Crankshaft Balancing
6. Refer to a type of shaft configuration that consists of multiple shafts connected in series. Answer:
Multiple Span Shafts

II. Enumeration
Two main types of Balancing Machines:
 Dynamic
 Static

Two main types of Field Balancing:

 Single-plane balancing
 Two-plane balancing