3.

2 Research Method

A research methodology is a means to describe how a researcher plans to conduct their

investigation. It is a rational, methodical approach to a study issue. A methodology explains
how a researcher will conduct the study in order to produce accurate, legitimate data that
meet their goals and objectives. It comprises what data they're going to acquire and where
from, as well as how it's being collected and analysed. A research approach offers the study
credibility and yields reliable scientific results. Additionally, it offers a thorough plan that
aids in keeping researchers on course, facilitating a simple, efficient, and manageable
approach. The reader can comprehend the strategy and procedures utilised to arrive at results
by understanding the researcher's methodology. (indeed, 2022)

A systematic framework known as research methodology is used to solve research problems

by selecting the best and most practical ways to carry out the study while staying true to the
study's purpose and goals. Answering the what, why, and how of your research is part of the
approach such as what is your research methodology, what instruments will you use to gather
and evaluate the data, what is the size of your sample, etc.? Why are you making the decision
that you have planned to make? How do you intend to make use of the methods and tools to
address the research challenge and carry out the research? (Pamplona, 2022)

When creating a research methodology, a researcher has various decisions to choose. One of
the most crucial decisions is whether to employ qualitative, quantitative, or a combination of
the two data methodologies. Regardless of the sort of research, the data acquired will be as
numbers or descriptions, and researchers can choose to focus on gathering words, figures or
both. (indeed, 2022)

3.2.1 Quantitative Research Method

Numerous participants' numerical data are gathered, measured, and analyzed using the
quantitative method. Mostly, facts and statistics are used to confirm something with this
method. Surveys, questionnaires, tests, databases, and records are used to gather it.
(Pamplona, 2022)

When the goal of the study is to establish a fact, researchers typically employ a quantitative
approach. It focuses on gathering, evaluating, and evaluating numerical data, typically from a
large number of participants. Then, they use statistical comparisons and analysis of the data.
Surveys, questionnaires, tests, databases, and organizational records are common ways to
collect quantitative data.

Because researchers use software programs to analyze the data, this research methodology is
both objective and frequently expedient. An illustration of how specialists could utilize a
quantitative strategy is to quantify the connection between two factors or test a bunch of
speculations. (indeed, 2022)

3.2.2 Qualitative Research Method

In qualitative research, textual data and spoken or written words are gathered and analyzed. It
can help to construct a thorough account of a researcher's observations and may also
concentrate on body language or visual components. Typically, focus groups, interviews, and
observational studies with a small number of carefully chosen individuals are how
researchers collect qualitative data. (Pamplona, 2022)

This study process is subjective and more time-consuming than using quantitative data.
Researchers generally utilise a qualitative methodology when the aims and objectives of the
research are exploratory. For example, when they undertake study to understand human
perspectives surrounding an event, person or product. (indeed, 2022)

Compared to using quantitative data, this research approach takes more time and is
subjective. When the research's goals are exploratory, researchers frequently employ a
qualitative methodology. For instance, when they carry out groundwork to comprehend
human discernments with respect to an occasion, individual or item.

Qualitative
Through extensive narrative
data collection, the goal is to
generate a testable, inductive
hypothesis to explain and
comprehend phenomena.
subjective, holistic, process-
oriented
Tentative, evolving, based
on particular study
Quantitative
Purpose Through the focused
collection of numerical data,
the objective is to explain,
predict, or control
phenomena. Deductively
test hypotheses.
Approach to Inquiry Objective, focused,
outcome- oriented
Hypotheses Specific, testable, stated
prior to particular study
Controlled setting not as
important
Purposive: Intention to
select a "small," but not
necessarily representative,
sample for greater
comprehension
Non-standardized, narrative
(written word), ongoing
Flexible, specified only in
general terms in advance of
study Nonintervention,
minimal disturbance All
Descriptive— History,
Biography, Ethnography,
Phenomenology, Grounded
Theory, Case Study,
(hybrids of these) Consider
many variable, small group
Document and artifact
(something observed) that is
collection (participant, non-
participant).
Interviews/Focus Groups
(un-/structured, in-/formal).
Administration of
questionnaires (open ended).
Taking of extensive, detailed
field notes.
Crude information are
converted in the form of
words. Essentially ongoing,
Research Setting Controlled to the degree
possible
Sampling Random: intention to select
a "large, representative"
sample so that results can be
applied to a population
Measurement Standardized, numerical
(measurements, numbers), at
the end
Design and Method Structured, inflexible,
specified in detail in
advance of study
Intervention, manipulation,
and control Descriptive
Correlation Causal-
Comparative Experimental
Consider few variables,
large group
Data Collection Strategies Observations (non-
participant). Interviews and
Focus Groups (semi-
structured, formal).
Administration of tests and
questionnaires (close
ended).
Data Analysis Statistics (using numbers to
draw conclusions) is
involved in the processing of
 it involves drawing a
conclusion from the
comments and observations.
Conclusions are
generalizations that are
reviewed on an ongoing
basis and are tentative
(conclusions can change).
The validity of the
inferences and
generalizations is the
responsibility of the reader.
Table 3.2.1 Comparison chart of Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research (Diffen,
2023)
Data Interpretation
raw data at the conclusion of
the study.
Formulated at the
conclusion of the study, with
a predetermined level of
certainty, as generalizations
and conclusions. The
researcher is responsible for
making inferences and
generalizations. Never
completely confident in our
findings.

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

It comprehends human way of behaving to
find the manner in which individuals think
and dissect their encounters.
When there is no predetermined set of
questions and the discussion is useful for
examining issues, these research methods
are ideal.
When compared to the analysis phase,
planning takes less time.
Table 3.2.2 Qualitative Vs. Quantitative Research (Sirisilla, 2023)
It aims to calculate numbers and analyze
statistics.
Utilizing statistical, logical, and
mathematical methods, it aids in the
production of numerical data and hard facts.
When compared to the analysis phase,
planning takes up more time.

3.3 Justification of Selection

Before selecting an acceptable research method, it is important to understand both

quantitative and qualitative research from the prior talks. In light of the prior discussion, a
quantitative research method was selected for this study for a number of reasons.
Questionnaire surveys were used to get the quantitative data.
Data that can be expressed numerically is the focus of quantitative research. It is frequently
utilized by researchers to correlate demographic data. Surveys or web analytics are typically
used for quantitative research, and large numbers of people are often included to ensure that
trends are statistically representative. (Pollfish, 2021) There are two types of data that we
gathered which are via questionnaire surveys and online literature review. These ways could
help us to gathered information and feedback from the respondents and those researchers.
The aim of this research is to identify the implementation of active learning for quantity
surveying students while there are two objectives of this research which are to examine the
preference learning style for quantity surveying students and to propose the solutions to
improve the active learning among quantity surveying students. Large amount of seniors’
experiences can be get through the questionnaire surveys to be able to obtain more
information for this research. Therefore, quantitative research method has been chosen.

When data were collected from a large number of diverse respondents, quantitative research
is helpful. When the audience is more open to facts, graphs, charts, and statistics, this is also a
good strategy to use. (Williams, 2021) Large amount of information and views given by the
respondent through questionnaire surveys is easier and more convenient then interviewing the
interviewee. Thus, qualitative research method is more suitable for this research.
References
Diffen, 2023. Qualitative vs. Quantitative. [Online]
Available at: https://www.diffen.com/difference/Qualitative_vs_Quantitative
[Accessed 15 March 2023].

indeed, 2022. What Is Research Methodology? (Why It's Important and Types). [Online]
Available at: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/research-methodology
[Accessed 15 March 2023].

Pamplona, F., 2022. What is Methodology in Research and How Can We Write It?. [Online]
Available at: https://mindthegraph.com/blog/what-is-methodology-in-research/
[Accessed 15 March 2023].

Pollfish, 2021. Quantitative vs Qualitative survey questions. [Online]

Available at: https://resources.pollfish.com/market-research/the-difference-between-quantitative-
and-qualitative-research/
[Accessed 16 March 2023].

Sirisilla, S., 2023. Qualitative Vs. Quantitative Research - A step-wise guide to conduct research.
[Online]
Available at: https://www.enago.com/academy/qualitative-vs-quantitative-research/
[Accessed 15 March 2023].

Williams, T., 2021. Why Is Quantitative Research Important?. [Online]

Available at: https://www.gcu.edu/blog/doctoral-journey/why-quantitative-research-important
[Accessed 16 March 2023].