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Indications

Monitoring CVP
Delivery of medications
Emergency resuscitation
Hemodialysis
Pulmonary artery catheterization

Contraindications
Infections over target vein area
Thrombosis of the target vein
Coagulopathy

Land marks
Apex of clavicular head and sternal head of SCM
Lateral to carotid artery

Equipment
Sterile gown, gloves, cap, mask, and face shield
Skin prepare and drape or towels
Lidocaine, sterile gauze
Syringe (non-Luer-lock)
Scalpel
Saline flush
Catheter, dilator, needle and wire
Suture and needle holder

Preparation
頭低 10~15 度
頭往左轉
找到 SCM 兩頭和鎖骨形成的三角
摸到頸動脈博動,外側通常為頸靜脈
入針方向為兩頭夾角至同側乳頭
可用超音波找,動脈圓形,靜脈可被探頭壓扁
Chlorhexidine 刷皮膚 60 秒
鋪單
NS 或 heparin 沖洗 catheter lumen,guide wire 試穿進 catheter needle
清醒病患 lidocaine 麻醉皮膚
Needle 45 度靠外側 SCM 頭,1.3 公分深
針筒有血後拔針筒留針,流出沒博動深色血,固定針
放入 introducer 和 wire
注意 arrythmia,代表已進入心臟,將 wire 稍微後拉
移出針和 introducer,抓緊 wire
用刀把口切大一點,讓 dilator 順著 wire 旋轉進去 1~2cm 開皮膚,抓緊 wire 別折
到 wire,注意出血
順著 wire 放入 catheter,直到另一頭 wire 露出,固定 wire 推入 catheter 到 SVC
和右心房交界
移除 wire,確定個通道回血,用 NS 沖洗,蓋上蓋子,縫線固定,蓋上防水敷料
CXR 確定位置和血胸氣胸

Troubleshooting
懷疑打到動脈,鮮紅血有博動,接 transducer 偵測>30mmHg,要在放入 wire 以
前,加壓 10min
注意氣泡和呼吸,可能有氣胸
Wire 進不去,可能針打穿靜脈,回拉並確定回血
沒回血,可能有血塊在針,用 NS 沖洗

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