Characteristic of Research
(Review Related Literature) claiming it as his
1. Empirical- based on our observation
it uses our 5 senses.
2. Logical- research is logical because it
can
be validated,
- “valid” it measures what it intends
to measure.
3. Cyclical- it starts with a problem and
ends with a problem
4. Analytical- if it uses proven analytical
procedure.
- “analyze/analysis” break down
something into its part
5. Critical- if it exhibit careful and
precise judgement.
- Avoid being subjective- not letting
your emotions affect your
performance as a
researcher / non-bias.
- “objective” using facts or evidences
to support your claims.
6. Methodical- if it follows systematic
procedure.
7. Replicability- if the research design
maybe repeated but it’s still arrived
valid reason.
Principle of Ethics
Ethics- acceptable and unacceptable
behaviour.
- the wrongness and rightness of human act
 A particular research exposed participants
to harm because he/she fabricated the
data in a clinical trial.
 A group of researchers did not receive
proper credits. Their ideas were stolen and
the findings of their studies were disclosed
prematurely.
 A teacher researcher who is funded by
government by public money falsified the
findings to one’s advantage making the result
favorable to her.
 A college student used another RRL
own.
The Importance of Ethics in Research
1. Ensure and maintain research
integrity to prevent research
misconduct.
2. Not placing the research subject and
participants in harm/danger.
3. Assure to provide maximum benefits
to the participants.
– token of appreciation such as
money, food, etc.
4. Promotes the values that are
essential to collaborative work such
as trust, accountability, respect, and
fairness.
Different Ethical Principles in Research
1. Honesty- do not falsify, fabricate,
misrepresent data/result.
- do not deceive your participants.
2. Integrity- keeping the agreements
acting with sincerity with your
thoughts and actions.
– as a researcher avoid bias and
deception.
3. Confidentiality- protect confidential
data, communication, records and
other documents.
4. Transparency and openness-
transparent and ready for criticism.
5. Respect Intellectual Property-
acknowledge copyrights,
patents(permit), and similar forms of
intellectual property.
Other Forms of Research Ethics
6. Competence
7. Social Responsibility
8. Legality
9. Responsible Publication
10. Maturity
11. Accountability
12. Respect
13. Non- Discrimination
14. Human subject protection
15. Animal Care

Model Thesis- similar to your research

project.

Data privacy law or Act of 2012,

Republic act of 10173