SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

The study was conducted to investigate the potential application of Vermicompost

via Vermiwash derived from different substrate culture media against leaf miner (Tuta

absoluta) on tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). Specifically it aimed to: (a)

identify the isolated bacteria present on varied waste materials namely: woody debris,

rotten vegetables, rotten fruits, combination (woody debris, rotten vegetables and rotten

fruits) and controlled which is the cattle manure only; (b) find out any the significant

difference on growth performance of tomato plant when exposed to different

concentration of Vermiwash from different substrate culture media in terms of plant

height and plant colour.; (c) investigate the potential effect of different vermicast

substrate on leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) present in tomato plant and (d) determine the

effects of different concentrations of Vermiwash on the growth performance of tomato

plant.

In Biochemical Test Results shows that in Treatment 0 (6kg of Cattle manure),

there is a presence of Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter agglomerans, Providencia

alcalifaceans, and Salmonella sp. In woody debris (T1), there is Citrobacter freundii,

Proteus rettgeri, Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter agglomerans and Providencia

alcalifaceans. In rotten vegetable (T2), it shows that Escherichia coli, Enterobacter

agglomerans and Providencia alcalifaceans are present. Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter

agglomerans, Citrobacter diversus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. are present in
Rotten fruits (T3). And the combination of cattle manure, rotten fruits and rotten

vegetables (T4), it reveals that Proteus rettgeri, Salmonella arizonae, Enterobacter

agglomerans and Citrobacter diversus are present.

Analysis of data revealed that there is a significant difference on the growth

performance of tomato plant when exposed to different concentration of Vermiwash from

different substrate specifically in 750ml concentration of cattle manure and rotten

vegetable (T2) with F value of 9.919 and p-value of .000 significant at 0.05 level.

On the other hand, the results of the Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test

for the growth performance of tomato in terms of Leaf Color revealed that in 250ml

concentration of the combination of all substrates with t-statistics of 19.908 and p-value

of .000 significant at 0.05 level.

The result in relationship of concentration of different treatments in terms of plant

height shows that the highest significant value on 1000 ml concentration is in treatment

1(T1) with a p-value of .001 followed by treatment 3(T 3) with a significant value of .004

then by treatment 4 (T4) with a p-value of .011 followed by treatment 1 (T 1) with a p-

value of .014 and the lowest significant value on the growth of tomato in treatment 2 (T 2)

with a p-value of .019. As shown on the table, there is a significant effect on the plant

growth of tomato in 250 ml, 500 ml, 750 ml and 1000 ml in treatment 0 (T 0), treatment 1

(T1), treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4) except for the 250ml

concentration in treatment 4 (T4).

 In terms of leaf color, 1000 ml concentration, two treatment shows that there is a

significant effect on the growth performance of tomato in terms of plant colour, treatment

1(T1) and treatment 4 (T4) with a p-value of .002 while treatment 0 (T 0), treatment 2 (T2),

treatment 3 (T3) shows that there is no significant effect on the growth on tomato with a

p-value of .515, .368, .821 respectively. As shown on the table, there is a significant

effect on the plant growth of tomato in 500 ml concentration on treatment 1(T 1) and

treatment 3(T3) and in 1000 ml concentration in treatment 1 (T1) and treatment 4 (T4).

The results in the potential effect of different concentrations of Vermiwash on leaf

miner (Tuta absoluta) present in tomato as gleaned in Table 14 and 1, it shows that leaf

miner attacks the most in tomato plants is in Treatment 0: Cattle manure (236g +750 ml)

with a 39% no leaf miner attack while the leaf miner attacks the least is in Treatment 0:

Cattle Manure (236g+ 250ml) and Treatment 1: Cattle manure and debris (236g+ 250ml)

with a 100% no leaf miner attack. It indicates that Treatment 0: Cattle manure (236g

+750 ml) is not an effective concentration of Vermiwash and is not capable of fighting

against tomato leaf miner while Treatment 0: Cattle Manure (236g+ 250ml) and

Treatment 1: Cattle manure and debris (236g+ 250ml) shows that these are the

concentrations that are needed to eradicate the existence of leaf miner on tomato crops.
 Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, these following conclusions have been drawn:

1. Results of bacterial isolation from different substrate shows that Citrobacter

freundii were on cattle manure (T0) and debris (T1). Enterobacter agglomerans is

present on cattle manure (T0), woody debris (T1), rotten vegetables (T2) and

combination of the substrates (T4). Presence of Providencia alcalifaceans were

found on cattle manure (T0), woody debris (T1) and rotten vegetables (T2).

Citrobacter diversus were found on rotten fruits (T3) and combination of the

substrates (T4). Proteus rettgeri is present on the combination of treatments (T4)

and woody debris (T1). Presence of Salmonella sp. is found on cattle manure (T1)

and rotten fruits (T3). In debris (T1) and rotten fruits (T3) presence of Pseudomonas

sp. was found. Escherichia coli is present on rotten fruits (T3) and vegetables (T2).

Salmonella arizonae was found present on combination of the substrate (T4).

2. A. Treatment 2 consists of 3kg cattle manure and 3kg of rotten fruits with a

concentration between 750ml has more beneficial effect on the growth

performance of tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) in terms of its plant

height compared to other treatments.

B. Treatment 4 consists of 1.5kg cattle manure, 1.5kg woody debris, 1.5kg rotten

vegetable, and 1.5kg rotten fruits with a concentration between 250ml has more

potential effect on the growth performance of tomato plant (Lycopersicum

esculentum Mill.) in terms of its leaf color compared to other treatments.

3. The growth quality of tomato plant in terms of plant height shows that cattle

manure which is the control group (T0) is significant to most of the concentration

of Vermiwash.

On the other hand, the growth quality of tomato plant in terms of leaf color shows

that cattle manure and woody debris (T 1) is significant to most of the

concentration of Vermiwash

4. Treatment 0: Cattle Manure (236g+ 250ml) and Treatment 1: Cattle manure and

Woody debris (236g+ 250ml) are the concentrations that are needed to eradicate

the existence of leaf miner on tomato crops.

Recommendation

Based on the results of this study, these following recommendations have been

drawn:

1. Include lactose fermenting bacteria in isolation and identification.

2. Add the number of yield on tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) for

additional observation on the effect of different concentration of Vermiwash from

different substrate culture media on growth performance of tomato plant

(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)

3. Include the thickness of the stem using Caliper.

4. Increase the number of days in applying Vermiwash to further examined the

effects of different concentrations on the presence of leaf miner that inhibits the tomato plants.