In our surroundings, we see a large variety of things

with different shapes, sizes and textures.

The air we breathe, the food we eat, stones, clouds,
stars, plants and animals, even a small drop of
water or a particle of sand, everything is matter.
Water , we drink
Air, we breathe
 Food, we eat

Matter

Have Mass and Occupies Space.

Are emotions
considered as
‘Matter’?
The perception of joy, love, hate, thought, cold, hot, pain is not
considered as matter.

Confused Crying

Happy Angry
It is believed that entire universe consists of two
components-matter and non-matter. Different forms of
energies are regarded as non-matter.

Heat, light and other forms of energy do not have

measurable mass and can’t be contained in a volume. Hence
they are classified as non-matter.
Heat energy
Light energy
Sound energy
Electrical energy
Early Indian philosophers classified matter in the form of five
basic elements "Panch Tatva" – air, earth, fire, sky and water.

Earth
Fire

Air Panch Tatva

Sky

Water
Science says…

“Anything which
occupies space and
has mass” - Matter.
Properties of Matter

The matter has mass.

The matter occupies space

The matter cannot be destroyed

The matter is affected by the gravity

Physical Nature of Matter

Continuous Nature

Particulate Nature
 Particulate Nature

All matter in this universe is

made up of small particles.

Atoms Molecules
If sample of carbon of size almost equal to the full stop(.)
is taken, it will contain atoms more than the no. of stars
in our galaxy, Milky Way.
Drop of water contains around 1022 molecules of water.
 Characteristics of Particles of Matter

Particles of matter have space between them.

Salt solution
Particles of matter are continuously moving.
When the incense stick is lighted
the heat energy makes the
particles of perfume move
rapidly.
Particles of matter attract each other

Force of
attraction
between
particles of
matter

Cohesion Adhesion
force
Force Force
 Cohesion Adhesion
Force Force

Force that exerts Force that exerts

between particles between between
of same kind of particles of
substances. different kind of
substances.
 Cohesion Adhesion
Force Force

For example For example

water – water water molecules
molecules and leaf
 Honey sticking to a
spoon or on your fingers.
 Homework
Question 1
The force that binds the particles of matter together
is known as
(1) intermolecular space
(2) bond
(3) intermolecular force
(4) nuclear force
Question 2
Based on the statements given here choose the
correct answer.
P. Some sugar can be added to a full glass of water
without causing overflow.
Q. A liquid seems to be continuous even though
space is present between the molecules

(1) P and Q are true and Q explains P

(2) P and Q are true but Q does not explain P
(3) Only P is true
(4) Only Q is true