Saya dengan biodata dibawah ini :

Nama : Iyomi Hasti, S.IP

NIM : 20201040022
No Hp : 081392636166
Menyatakan bahwa saya setuju menjadi penulis pertama dalam paper ini yang
berkolaborasi dengan penulis kedua yaitu Dr. Ulung Pribadi, M.Si sebagai dosen pengampu
Mata Kuliah Research Workshop in Applied Government sekaligus sebagai koresponden
author dan penulis ketiga yaitu Muhammad Iqbal. Oleh karena itu segala keperluan APC
(Article Processing Charge) dalam keberlanjutan paper ini saya serahkan seutuhnya kepada penulis
kedua dan ketiga. Demikian pertanyaan ini dibuat. Saya ucapkan terimakasih.

Yogyakarta, Selasa 11 Januari 2022

Mengetahui,
Iyomi Hasti, S.IP
 Citizen Perception of Local Government Website in Belitung Timur
Iyomi Hasti1 , Ulung Pribadi 2
Masters Government Affairs Administration, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Abtract

This study seeks to see and analyze how the public's perception of the government website of the
East Belitung Regency is. This study uses primary data sources in the form of questionnaires
distributed to 80 respondents who are people of Belitung Timur who actively use the internet.
The data source is then processed using the SmartPLS device to generate data in the form of
tables and images to see the reliability, validity and P values. then these results will be tested
with 4 related variables, namely data quality, service quality, behavioral, and trust. The results
showed that the 4 variables directly affect public perception so that the better the value of the
variable, the more positive the public perception. The shortcoming of this research is the number
of respondents who are only 80 so that in future research it can be added to the diversity of data
results.
Keywords: ICT, E-Government, Website, Citizen Perception

1. Introduction

The very rapid advancement of Information Communication Technology (ICT) has made
many aspects of human life change. ICT users believe that ICT is more flexible, easy to
understand and easy to operate (compactable) as characteristics of ease of use[1]. This opinion
makes vital areas of life rely heavily on ICT as their innovation such as health, education, trade
or government pieces. The use of IT in the world of government we often call as e-government.
E-Government is a form of implementation of public services based on information and
communication technology, as a medium of information and an interactive means of
communication between the Government and other parties, both community groups, businesses
and among government agencies. E-Government implementation in its application starts from a
simple form of service, namely the provision of computer-based data and information on the
implementation of government administration and development as a form of transparency in the
implementation of public services[2].
E-government has been implemented in almost all countries in the world from developed to
developing countries such as Indonesia. In Indonesia, the word "e-government" was first used in
the public sector with Presidential Instruction No. 6 / 2001 on information and communication
technology. The Indonesian government should use information and communication
technologies to promote good governance, according to the Decree [3][4]. One of the
implementations of e-government is the creation of a local government website that is used to
contain information related to the area. The web is a system related to documents used as a
medium for displaying text, images, multimedia, and others on the internet network[5]. In
approx, a website is defined as a collection of static and dynamic pages that display text
information, still or moving pictures, animations, sounds, and/or a combination of all of these,
form a network of interconnected buildings, each connected by a series of courtyards[6].

One of the areas with a low level of internet usage in Indonesia is the archipelagic province
of Bangka Belitung. in 2019 internet users only reached 45.85% of the total population [7]. With
a fairly low number of internet usage, we need to look again at how the use of local government
websites in the realization of e-government is needed. The Bangka Belitung Islands in 2020 have
an population of 1.455.678 and the district with the least population is East Belitung Regency
with a total of 127.018 in 2020[8]. Having the district with the least population in the province of
the Bangka Belitung Islands, whose ICT literacy rate is still low, makes East Belitung the right
area to see a small picture of the face of e-government implementation in Indonesia.

Several studies related to government websites describe how general evaluations such as a
study that resulted in the field, the Government website Jombang has been useful as a conduit of
information to the public media, but the media has not been as efficient in delivering electronic
public services (e-services) such as downloading blank forms [9]. Besides that, the focus of other
researchers is the role of mediation and moderation of transparency and trust in e-government
services. The quality of information and channel features both affect people' intents to use e-
government, according to the findings. Furthermore, the impacts of information quality and
channel characteristics on intentions are mediated and moderated by transparency and trust.
Citizens' intentions predict utilization and, ultimately, citizens' happiness, according to a follow-
up study [10]. The striking difference from the research that has been done with this research is
the object of the research. In this research, the main object is the Belitung community as the user
side of the government website. Community perspective is the main focus of this research.

This study aims to see the perspective of the people of East Belitung on the website of the
local government of East Belitung Regency. This research uses quantitative research, which is a
research method that is inductive, objective and scientific in which the data obtained are in the
form of numbers (scores, values) or statements that are assessed, and analyzed by statistical
analysis[11]. In this study, researchers will distribute questionnaires to 100 people of East
Belitung randomly. The data will then be processed with the SPSS application, which is a
statistical analysis and data management system in a graphical environment with descriptive
menus and simple dialog boxes that make it simple to operate[12].

2. Theoretical Framework

2.1 Citizen Perception

Perception is an experience about an object, or a relationship obtained by inferring

information and interpreting it, besides that perception shows an activity that is integrated within
the individual, then what is in the individual will be actively involved in perception [21].
Through perception, individuals can realize, can understand the state of the individual concerned.
Perception is an integrated activity, then all what is in the individual such as feelings,
experiences, thinking skills, frames of reference and other aspects that exist in the individual
community will play a role in this perception. [22]. With regard to perception, the culture that is
owned by a society are cognitive models that are embodied in a series of rules, strategies, and
instructions used by humans to deal with their environment [23]. A person's perception of
something will affect his behavior (behavior), one of which is in the form of decision making
[24].

Perception is a process that gives awareness to individuals about an object or event outside
themselves through the five senses [25]. The strategies used to shape public perceptions are
message strategies, communicator strategies, and message checking strategies [26]. As a point of
view, perception arises because of a response to a stimulus. The stimulus received by a person is
very complex, the stimulus enters the brain, then it is interpreted, interpreted and given meaning
through a complicated process and then a perception is generated [27]. Previous research looked
into whether people's information processing preferences (particularly, preferences for verbal or
visual types of information) moderated their perceptions of information overload depending on
how the information was given[28].

2.2 Data Quality

 Data quality is usually concerned with technical data properties, whereas information quality
is concerned with non-technical issues [13]. Many open data studies have indicated that poor
data quality is a repeating obstacle, which can lead to a loss of faith in the open data and the data
provider, i.e. the government [14]. We make no distinction between data quality and information
quality in this investigation. To express both technical and non-technical qualities of data, we
choose the term data quality over information quality. "Data that are fit for use by data
consumers" is a definition of data quality [15]. Components of data quality In terms of area,
time, and theme, data quality can be distinguished. Several quality components (such as
accuracy, precision, consistency, and completeness) can be recognized for each of these
dimensions [16].

2.3 Service Quality

Residents' evaluations of the quality of the OGD system and service quality were found to
predict trust in OGD. Furthermore, residents' perceptions of service quality have a favorable
impact on their perceptions of data and system quality, while citizens' perceptions of system
quality have a positive impact on data quality. This is one of the first studies to look at the impact
of data quality, service quality, and system quality on citizens' trust in the government [17].
System quality refers to the metrics of a system's information processing performance derived
from a combination of engineering-oriented and user-oriented perspectives. The measures of the
system's information processing performance from a combination of engineering-oriented
evaluation and user-oriented views are referred to as system quality [17].

2.4 Behavioral

Behavioral intention (BI) is the individual's motive, or effort, to do a behavior, which

determines whether or not the behavior is carried out. The degree to which a person has a
favorable or unfavorable opinion or appraisal of the action in issue is referred to as attitude (AT).
The perceived social pressure to perform or not perform a behavior is known as the subjective
norm (SN) [18]. Policymakers and regulators, as behavioral actors, are susceptible to the same
psychological biases and limitations as everyone else. Many, but by no means all, behavioral
papers focus on ordinary people's biases and heuristics, seemingly neglecting the fact that
regulators are humans, too, and hence vulnerable to the same psychological influences [19].
 2.5 Trust

The confidence a person has in his or her favorable expectations of what other people will
do, based, in many cases, on previous interactions can be defined as "the confidence a person has
in his or her favorable expectations of what other people will do, based, in many cases, on
previous interactions." One of the anticipated benefits of releasing government data is the
development of trust [17]. Being transparent to the public and not hiding the truth can save lives
and, as a result, save the country. Transparency allows for greater preventative actions and
foresight in the development of a stronger defensive strategy in the fight against the unseen
opponent [20].

Hypotheses :

H1. Data Quality (X1) influences (Y) citizen perception positively and significantly.
H2. Service Quality (X2) affects citizen perception (Y) positively and significantly.
H3. Behavioral (X3) affects citizen perception (Y) positively and significantly.
H4. Trust (X4) affects citizen perception (Y) positively and significantly.

3. Method

3.1 Selected case study

The goal of a survey technique is to collect primary data on citizens who utilize e-
government. As a research approach, this study used a questionnaire to collect primary data.
Residents who use the East Belitung Regency Government's local government website are the
topic of this study. The website of the local government is an e-government service that citizens
require in order to obtain a Family Card, an Identity Card, and other crucial documents. East
Belitung Regency was chosen for this study because it has a low degree of technical literacy. The
official website of the East Belitung Regency is part of e-government, which includes emergency
services, information and complaints, public services, statistics and information, and city
government partners.

3.2 Sampling technique

Simple random sampling, a sort of non-probability sampling, is used in this investigation.

The population is the total community of East Belitung Regency Government website users. A
sampling method is a sampling methodology. The sample size in this study was 80 people,
calculated using the Slovin formula.

3.3. Data collecting technique

This study uses a questionnaire to obtain data. Questionnaire is a data collection technique
which is done by giving a set of written questions to respondents to answer. The questionnaire
was made in the form of a google form. Researchers spread the google form to residents who use
the application randomly up to 80 people.

3.4 Measurement and analysis technique

This study collects data using quantitative survey questions. This study uses a Likert scale to
provide a measure of the answers to the questionnaire. The Likert scale has a range of
respondents' answers with number 1 indicating "not at all true in fact", number 2 indicating "not
true in fact", number 3 indicating "somewhat true in fact", number 4 indicating "true in fact", and
number 5 indicating "very real". ". SEM-PLS tested the data to determine reliability and validity,
as well as regression and hypothesis testing.

4. Result

4.1 Demographic profile of respondents (n = 80)

The demographic profile of the responders is shown in Table 1. The majority of those who
responded was young adult with a bachelor's degree. The majority of respondents were between
1 to 3 years of technology experience.

Table 1. Respondents’ demographic profile

East Belitung City

Characteristic
Freq %
Age
14- 19 years 11 3
20-35 years 42 42
36-51 23 23
> 52 Years 4 4
Education Level
Yunior/senior High 19 19
School
Bachelor 56 56
Diploma 2 2
 Magister 3 3
Experience Using Technology
< 1 Year 19 12
1 – 3 Years 40 36
> 3 Years 21 32

4.2. Validated research model

Internal consistency model measures are supported by Cronbach's Alpha. In the

development and use of tests, there are two issues with alpha that persist. The first issue is a two-
fold one. Alpha is a lower constraint on the reliability, and in many circumstances, a major
underestimation, and alpha cannot have a value that might equal the dependability based on
standard measurement error assumptions. There are better alternatives to alpha, but they aren't
widely understood, let alone used to evaluate reliability [29]. It begins by outlining how
Cronbach's alpha is used in published research in scientific education to examine current practice
in science education. Studies detailing the development and/or usage of instruments meant to
measure affective components or parts of cognition provide some instructive instances that
highlight specific concerns relating to practice in reporting the alpha statistic (such as student
knowledge) [30]. Except for the perceived usefulness variable, all variables in this study are
reliable, as shown in Table 2.

Table 2.
Research variable reliability

Indicators Cronbach's Alpha rho_A Composite

Reliability
Data Quality 0,859 0,874 0,905

Service 0,944 0,944 0,954

Quality

Behavioral
0,860 0,881 0,906
Trust 0,817 0,823 0,916
citizen 0,926 0,927 0,953
perception
of local
government
website

Figure 2 depicts the validity of the indicators that have been established as questionnaires.
An indicator was regarded as valid if its value was more than 0.5. All of the numbers in Figure 2
were larger than 0.5, suggesting that all indications were correct.
 Figure 2.
Validated research model

Figure 2 shows the results of hypothesis testing. The hypothesis is accepted when the p value
is less than 0.05. Hypothesis H1, which states that Data Quality (X1) influences (Y) public
perception positively and significantly, is accepted. It can be interpreted that the quality of the
data on the East Belitung Regency government website, residents still believe in its usefulness.
Users' impressions of data quality would be much improved if documentation such as metadata
described the structure of data and a guide explained how users can use the datasets [17].
Hypothesis H2, which states that Service Quality (X2) affects public perception (Y) positively
and significantly, is supported. This shows that the better the service provided by the admin on
the website of the East Belitung Regency Government, the more trust citizens will be in using
the technology provided by the government. Based on previous research, the government is
expected to improve health services such as reliability, responsiveness, assurance, attention and
physical evidence in order to get the value of service quality [31]. Hypothesis H3, which states
Behavioral (X3) affects people's perception (Y) positively and significantly, is supported. The
more residents believe that the better the government's attitude, the more confident citizens will
have to use the website. The government's attitude is related to how to solve problems and
community needs on the East Belitung government website. Hypothesis H4, which states that the
perception of Trust (X4) affects public perception (Y) positively and significantly, is supported.
It can be read that the more citizens believe in the ease of using the technology introduced by the
government, the more citizens have the confidence to use it immediately. Transparency and trust,
we argue, can both mediate and moderate the relationship between the quality of information and
channel features and individuals' inclinations to use e-government. According to the mediation
viewpoint, information quality and channel characteristics will improve people' perceptions of e-
government transparency and trust, which will influence their intents to utilize e-government
[10].

5. Discussion
This study uses external factors, data quality, service quality, behavioral, and trust
variables when using and predicting actual usage variables. The study found that there is a
negative link between external factors and the benefit. The results of the study show that the very
rapid advancement of Information Communication Technology (ICT) has made many aspects of
human life change, especially ICT users believe that ICT is more flexible, easy to understand and
easy to operate (compactable) as characteristics of ease of use. true and indicated by the
following description[1]. Several internal and external factors are very influential in determining
public perception. unexpectedly, external factors such as data quality and service quality greatly
affect the results of this study. This study supports the statement of experts who state that the
Components of data quality In terms of area, time, and theme into several quality components
(such as accuracy, precision, consistency, and completeness) can be recognized for each of these
dimensions which are the benchmarks. community satisfaction [16]. Directly the quality of the
data makes the public's perception of the government website very important. The next result is
that the expert opinion which says that the measures of the system's information processing
performance from a combination of engineering-oriented evaluation and user-oriented views are
referred to as system quality has a direct effect on public perception [17]. Expert opinion says
Policymakers and regulators, as behavioral actors, are susceptible to the same psychological
biases and limitations as everyone else. Many, but by no means all, behavioral papers focus on
ordinary people's biases and heuristics, apparently neglecting the fact that regulators are humans,
too, and hence vulnerable to the same psychological influences [19]. In this study, the opinion of
the experts is directly proportional to its impact on public perception of government websites. the
better the personality shown by providing the service, the more positive the public's response
will be. the latter is the aspect of trust that experts mention as being transparent to the public and
not hiding the truth can save lives and, as a result, save the country. Transparency allows for
greater countermeasures and foresight in the development of stronger defensive strategies in the
fight against invisible foes [20] and this is also directly proportional to how the public perceives
a service in this case is a government website.

6. Conclusion
The theoretical benefit contributed by this study is that to examine public perceptions of
e-government services, especially websites, several test variables can be used, namely data
quality, service quality, behavioral, and trust variables when using and predicting actual usage
variables. The following are some of the practical implications of the study's findings. To
begin, local government authorities must enact legislation to encourage citizens to trust
government technology since it is guided by clear norms. Second, local governments should
undertake more public education about e-government so that people are more aware of the
benefits of ICT. The local administration needs to strengthen its digital infrastructure so that
residents feel more comfortable using it. The limitations of this study include the limited
number of respondents, which may not reflect the original situation of people, and the short
period of the study. The small number of research areas (just one city) makes it impossible to
apply the findings to all of Indonesia. For its novelty, further research can add new variables as
benchmarks for government websites such as the attractiveness of the website appearance and
ease of use

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