Resins and Resin

Combinations
• Amorphous products
with complex chemical
nature.
• Complex mixtures of
resin acid, resin alcohol,
resinotannols, esters and
resenes.
 PROPERTIES OF RESINS
• Soluble in organic solvent, insoluble in
water
• Hard, transparent/translucent
• Soften or melt at moderate heat
• Gravity range from 0.900 to 1.250
• Burn with a smoky flame
• Oxidized terpenes of volatile oil
• Evaporation: varnish-like film
Classification according to
Composition

OLEORESINS

Resin that occur in more or less

homogenous mixture with volatile oils

Natural: Turpentine & Capsicum

Pharmaceutic: Copaiba & Ginger
Classification according to
Composition

OLEOGUMRESIN

Oleoresins that occur with gums

Myrrh & Asafetida

Classification according to
Composition

BALSAMS

Mixture that contain cinnamic acid,

benzoic acid, or both

Benzoin, Peru Balsam, Tolu Balsam,

Storax
 Classification according to
Composition

GLUCORESIN/GLYCORESIN

Glycosidic in nature

Jalap, podophyllum
Classification according to Use

• Natural
• Prepared
• Synthetic
 Methods of Obtaining
Pharmaceutic Resin

Extraction with 95% alcohol and solidify

with water (jalap, podophyllum)

Distillation of oleoresin (rosin from

turpentine and copaivic acid from
copaiba)

Exudation (Mastic)
Drugs Containing Resins
Rosin / Colophony
Amber (finest), solid resin from Pinus palustris
Family Name: Pinaceae
Constituent/s: 80-90%
anhydrides abietic acid,
sylvic acid, sapinic acid,
primaric acid, etc.

Pharmaceutical Use:
Stiffening agent
Veterinary use: Diuretic
Podophyllum/
May apple or Mandrake

SN: Podophyllum peltatum

Family Name:
Berberidaceae

Constituent/s and uses:

• 3.5-6% are lignans
• 20% podophyllotoxin: anti-mitotic
• alpha-peltatin and beta-peltatin: purgative
• Podophyllin aka podophyllum resin
Eriodictyon/ Yerba
Santa
SN: Eriodictyon californicum

Family Name:
Hydrophyllaceae

Constituent/s:
Eriodictyol

Use/s:
Flavorant, stimulating
expectorant
 Jalap/ Jalap root

SN: Exogonium purga

Family Name:
Convolvulaceae
Constituents:
ipurganol, jalapin
Use: Purgative
Jalap resin: yellowish brown, prepared by extracting
using alcohol-water using percolator
Mastic/Mastiche concrete
resinous exudate from
Pistacia lentiscus
Family Name:
Anacardiaceae
Constituent/s:
(α-resin) Mastichic acid, (β-
resin) Masticin
Use/s:
Dental varnish to seal cavities;
component of Compound
Mastic Paint
Kava from the dried rhizome
and roots of
Piper methysticum
Family Name: Piperaceae
Constituent/s:
Methylsticin,
dihydromethylsticin
yangonin,
desmethoxyyangonin,
kawain, dihydrokawain
Use:
Antipyretic, local anesthetic centrally acting
skeletal muscle relaxant
Cannabis/Indian Hemp

SN: Cannabis sativa

FN: Moraceae
Resin: Hashish
Constituent/s: THC, cannabidiol, cannabidiolic
acid, cannabinol, cannabichromene, cannabigerol

Use:
Control nausea in chemotherapy
Oleoresin
 Turpentine/Gum thus concrete
oleoresin, yellowish, opaque masses obtained
from Pinus palustris
Family Name: Pinaceae
Constituent: Pinene
Use: Counterirritant
Capsicum/Cayenne
Pepper
Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum anuum
Constituent/s:
Capsaicin
Use:
Carminative
Irritant
Rubefacient
Condiment
Ginger/Luya from dried rhizome of
Zingiber officinale

Family Name:
Zingiberaceae

Constituent/s:
Zingiberol, bisabolene
zingiberene, bisabolene; shogaol

Use:
Flavor, aromatic stimulant, carminative
White Pine
• SN: Pinus strobus
• FN: Pinaceae
• Constituent: tannic
acid, oleoresin
• Use: Expectorant
Copaiba
• SN: Copaifera spp.
• FN: Fabaceae

• Use: GUT disinfectant, diuretic,

expectorant, laxative
Oleo gum resin
Myrrh is a yellow or
yellowish green resin
obtained from
Commiphora molmol
Family Name:
Burseraceae

Uses:
• Protective, stimulant,
astringent, stomachic
• Use on MW as
astringent
Balsams
Storax balsam obtained from the trunk of
Liquidambar orientalis
Family Name: Hamamelidaceae
Levant Storax: viscid, grayish brown, opaque semi-
solid mass (50% resin alcohols)
American Storax: nearly clear (28% cinnamic acid)

Constituent/s:
Alpha and beta storesin

Use: Expectorant, Antiseptic, Stimulant

Pharmaceutical aid: compound benzoin tincture
Peruvian Balsam dark brown, viscid liquid
Myroxylon pereirae

Family Name: Fabaceae

Constituent:

Use/s:
Local protectant, antiseptic, astringent, tx for
hemorrhoids rubefacient, parasiticide
Tolu Balsam
Myroxylon balsamum
Family Name: Fabaceae
Constituents:
toluresinotannol
cinnamate
Use: Expectorant,
flavoring in medicinal
syrup confectionary,
chewing gum, perfume.
Benzoin/Sumatra
Benzoin balsamic resin
obtained from Styrax benzoin or
Siam Benzoin from S.
tonkinensis
Family Name: Styraceae
Constituents: Sumatra
Benzoin: balsamic acids; Siam
benzoin: coniferyl benzoate,
benzoic acid
Use: Antiseptic, Stimulant,
Expectorant, and Diuretic