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10 Simple Optical Instruments
10 Simple Optical Instruments
10 Simple Optical Instruments
The Projector
10. The projector contains a lamp and a concave mirror to
make the image brighter. The lamp is put at C of the mirror
so that the rays are reflected along its own path.
11. To give a brighter picture, a condenser is used. It is usually
made of two Plano-convex lenses. Now the light is
converging towards the film and the film is illuminated
both brightly and evenly.
12. The light is then scattered by the film and focused by a
convex projection lens on to the screen.
13. The Film is placed in F and 2F of the projection lens so that
the image is inverted, real and magnified as it forms
beyond 2F.
14. The film is put upside down in the projector so it can be
seen normally.
Magnifying Glass
15. The apparent size of an object depends on the actual size and its distance from the
eye.
16. An object close by seems larger than an object further away because it encloses a
larger angle at your eye than a distant object, as a result the image on the retina is
bigger making them appear bigger.
17. A convex lens acts as a magnifying glass if the object is placed between F and C. The
image is virtual, upright and magnified because the angle image the makes at your
eye is larger than the angle the object makes without the magnifying glass.
18. The thicker the convex lens, the shorter its focal length the more it magnifies.
19. However if too thick distorts the image.
Questions
1. A close object because if a object is brought nearer to the camera, the image is further
away. So it keep the image focused on the film, the lens is moved further out.
2. a. it would be larger, less bright and less clear.
b. It must be moved further in closer to the slide.
3. a. The lens with the focal length of 4cm
b. 8 cm from the lens, upright and virtual magnified by 2