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    Belts, Ropes, and Chains - Elements of Mechanism

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    Brylle John Muego

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    Belts, Ropes, and Chains - Elements of Mechanism

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    Brylle John Muego
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    Belts, Ropes, and Chains - Elements of Mechanism

    Uploaded by

    Brylle John Muego

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PITCH SURFACE AND LINE OF CONNECTION 310 ty run economically at speeds as high as 4500 fpm. Belts are also Jade with V-shaped cross section to be used on grooved pulleys. +helts are usually used for connecting shafts which are less than 1 {t apart. Speed ratios up to 7 to 1 and belt speeds up to 5000 fpm nay be used. 2. Ropes made of manila, hemp, cotton, or wire are nearly cireular Jp seetion and run on either grooved pulleys or drums with flanges. ope may be used for connecting shafts up to 100 ft apart and should perate at a speed of less than 600 fpm. 3. Chains are composed of metallic links jointed together, and run 1 either sprockets or drums either grooved, notched, or toothed, to Mit the links of the chain. Chaine are usually used for connecting shafts that are less than 15 ft apart. ‘The speed of the chain will ilopend upon the type of chain, Roller and silent chains may operate At speeds up to 2500 fpm. 10-2, Pitch Surface and Line of Connection. Figure 10-2 rep- events the edge view of a piece of a belt before being wrapped around he pulley, If it is assumed that there are no irregularities in the make-up of the belt the upper surface o is parallel to and equal in Chapter 10 BELTS, ROPES, AND CHAINS 10-1. Flexible Connectors. When the distance between the ing shaft and the driven shaft is too great to be connected by. a flexible connector is used. If the pulley 2 (Fig. 10-1) ie turning certain angular speed about the axis A, its outer surface will ha inear speed dependent upon the angular speed and the diameter ul S Fie. 102 Fro. 103, Fie, 104. length to the surface i When this same belt is stretched around a pulley, a8 in Fig. 10-8, the surféce i is drawn firmly against the sur- {nce of the pulley while the surface 0 bends over a circle whose radius ‘s greater than that of the surface of the pulley by an amount equal fo the belt thickness 2p, The outer part of the belt must therefore stretch somewhat and the inner part compress, There will be some section between i and o which is neither stretched nor compressed, find the name neutral section may be given to this part of the belt. In a flat belt the neutral section may be assumed to be halfway between the outer and inner surfaces. An imaginary cylindrical sur- {nce around the pulley, to which the neutral section of the belt is If a flexible band 1s stretched over 2, connecting it pulley 4, and if there is sufficient friction between the band and surfaces of the pulleys to prevent appreciable slipping, then the bi ‘will move with a linear speed approximately equal to the surf speed of 2 and will impart approximately the same linear speed: the surface of 4, thus causing 4 to turn, The pulleys may be on which are parallel, intersecting, or neither parallel nor interset Flexible conneetors may be divided into three general classes: 1. Belts made of leather, rubber, or woven fabries are flat and ‘and run on pulleys nearly cylindrical with smooth surfaces. Delts are used to connect shafts as much as 30 ft apart. Belts 38 seo ‘BELTS, ROPES, AND CHAINS tangent, is the pitch surface of the pulley, the radius of this effective radius of the pulley. A line in the neutral section of the at the center of its width is the line of connection between ty ‘and is tangent to the pitch surfaces, and coincides with a line in pitch surface known as the piteh line. 103. Speed Ratio and Directional Relation of Shafts nected by a Belt. In Fig. 10-1, let the diameter of the pulley Ds inches, the diameter of 4 be Ds inches, and the half-thicl belt = p. Also, let Nz = speed in rpm of 2, and Ny = speed in of. ‘Then, from equation 2 in Chapter 2, Linear speed of pitch surface of 2 = #N3(Ds + 2) and ‘Linear speed of pitch surface of 4 = xN4(Ds + 29) If the belt speed is supposed to be equal to the speed of the surfaces of the pulleys 2N4(Da + 26) = xNa(Ds + 2) Ne _Dit% WN, Dit 2 ‘That is, the angular speeds of the shafts are in the inverse ratio the effective diameters of the pulleys, and this ratio ia constant circular pulleys. Since the thickness of belts generally is small compared with the diameters of the pulleys, it may be neglected. ‘The speed ratio will then become N4/Na = Ds/Ds which is the equation almost always used in practical calculati Example 1. A pulley 2, 4 in. in diameter and keyed to a shaft A 360 rpm, is belt connected to a pulley 4, 36 in. in diameter, on another Find the speed of pulley 4 Solution. From equation 2, Ds Mamxea mx? Example 2. A shaft B, turing 140 rpm, has » pulley 4, 90 in. in dis keyed to it. Pulley 4ia belted to a pulley 2.0m shaft A whose speed is 210 Find the size of pulley 2. Solution, Using equation 2, “ 300 x F = 240 rpm LENGTH OF BELT CONNECTING PARALLEL AXES Me 0 = 90 35 = 20. ser Dim Dix ‘The relative directions in which the pulleys turn depend upon the wanner in which the belt is put on the pulleys. The belt shown im i. 10-1 is known as an open belt and the pulleys turn in the same Fa 104, ilirection as suggested by the arrows. ‘Tho belt shown in Fig. 10-4 is known a8 a crossed belé and the pulleys turn in opposite directions indicated. 10-4, Length of Belt Connecting Parallel Axes. Open Belts. In Fig. 10-5, let D and d be the diameters of the connected pulleys: © the distanee between their axes; and L the length of the belt. Angle is expressed in radians. ‘Then L = 2(mn + no + op) = (540) 2ceme+(=-e)a = FO 49 +0D- a) + 20 0008 @ see BELTS, ROPES, AND CHAINS none _ Daa o-# where sin @ = = C08 8 = oa o, = ag end ecee = ft 4 is generally small, so that @ = approximately sin @. Then IAC MATER °

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