Professional Documents
Culture Documents
English Reviewer
English Reviewer
CITATION STYLES
1.MLA
Modern Language Association
It is usually used in Humanities like English, History, or Drama.
2.APA
American Psychological Association
It is used in Social Sciences like Psychology, Education, Sociology and other disciplines.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
It is taken from the Greek word “biblion” which means ‘book’ and “graphia” which means ‘to
write’.
It is a list of all the sources or references which you use in writing your paper or project.
The sources are arranged in an alphabetical order.
APA Formats
The bibliography entry using the APA format consist of the following:
Author’s Surname, First Name Initials. (Date of Publication).Title of the Book. Place of Publication:
Publishing House.
BOOK WITH ON AUTHOR:
EX: EHRENREICH, B. (2001). NICKEL AND DIMED: ON (NOT) GETTING BY IN AMERICA. NEW
YORK : HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY.
BOOK WITH MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR:
EX: HUTCHENS, D.L., AND ROSS, L. (2007). PEARL, THE MAN AND THE PLACE: THE ORIGIN
OF MOUNT PEARL. ST. JOHN’S, NL:
BOOK WITH MORE THAN 6 AUTHORS:
LIST ONLY THE FIRST ONE (AUTHOR) AND USE ET AL FOR THE REST.
EX: EHRENREIH, B. ET AL. 92001). NICKEL AND DIMED: ON (NOT) GETTING BY IN AMERICA.
NEW YORK: HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY.
MLA Format
Surname of the author, First name. Title of Work. Place of Publication: Name of Publishing House, Date
of Publication
Examples: Book with one author:
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: New American Library, 1959
More than one author:
Warriner, John C., Mary Evelyn Whitten, and Francis Griffith. English Grammar and Composition.
Chicago: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., 1958
Periodical:
Tevlin, Michael. “Board Split on Higher Standards”. Valley Times. June 17, 1982, p.1.
PERSUASION
WHAT IS PERSUASION?
AN ATTEMPT TO INFLUENCE
TRANSMISSION OF A MESSEAGE
SYMBOLIC PROCESS
FREE CHOICE
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
They are visual and graphic displays that show the relationships between knowledge, concepts, thoughts,
or ideas within a learning task.
Sometimes they are referred to as knowledge map, concept map, mind map, cognitive organizer, or ideas,
in seeing relationships, and retaining information.
Chain diagrams, also called sequence of events diagrams, are a type of graphic organizer that describe the
stages or steps in a process.
Problem and solution graphic organizer is defined as a graphical representation of a problem-solving
process. The diagram involves writing the essence of the problem in the beginning, then suggesting steps
for resolving it, and finally coming up with a solution.
Compare/Contrast Matrix Graphic Organizers allow to compare and contrast multiple objects, characters,
or concepts from a given text.
Instructional Writing Frame consists of a skeleton outline given to learners to scaffold their writing.
Persuasion Map is an interactive graph that helps people connect their arguments for a persuasive essay,
speeches, debates, etc., which means makers of persuasion maps need to identify their reasons and clarify
their examples or factors to support their argument.
REPRESENTATIONAL DIAGRAMS
Definitions: They enable us to think, calculate, analyze, predict, and understand the information.
They are effective and economic device for the presentation, understanding and interpretation of the
collected information.
Types of Graphical Representations
Table- is a representation display of data or information in rows and columns.
Chart - is an illustrative presentation of information. It is used to explain the relationship between a large
quantity of data and its parts.
Line chart- constitutes a series of factual information or data points connected with a straight line.
Pie Chart- represents data concerning the proportion of a whole (pie) which is divided into segments or
“slices” to illustrate a portion of the whole.
Graph is a visual display of appraisals over grids (horizontal and vertical lines) that provide an easy way
to view interpretation of all the values.
Bar Graph is a chart that uses either horizontal orvertical bars to show comparisons between categories.
Line Graph uses a line to connect the data points or information. It shows trends and identifies whether
two variables relate to or correlate with one another.
Pictograph is also known as a pictogram, is the pictorial representation of data using images, icons, or
symbols.
Information Maps
Information Mapping is a method of identifying, categorizing, and interrelating information for learning
and referencing.