Higher Nationals

Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)

INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS

Programme title Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assessor Internal Verifier

Unit(s)

Assignment title

Student’s name

List which assessment criteria Pass Merit Distinction

the Assessor has awarded.

INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST

Do the assessment criteria awarded match

those shown in the assignment brief? Y/N

Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded

justified by the assessor’s comments on the Y/N

student work?

Has the work been assessed

Y/N
accurately?

Is the feedback to the student:

Give details:
• Constructive?
• Linked to relevant assessment criteria? Y/N
• Identifying opportunities for Y/N
improved performance? Y/N
• Agreeing actions? Y/N

Does the assessment decision need

Y/N
amending?
Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature (if required)

Date
 Confirm action completed

Remedial action taken

Give details:

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier
Date
signature

Programme Leader
Date
signature (if required)
 Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form
Student Name/ID

Unit Title

Assignment Number Assessor

Date Received 1st

Submission Date
submission

Date Received 2nd

Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:

LO1. Define basic algorithms to carry out an operation and outline the process of programming an application.

Pass, Merit & Distinction Descripts P1 M1 D1

LO2. Explain the characteristics of procedural, object-orientated and event-driven programming, conduct an analysi
Integrated Development Environment (IDE).

Pass, Merit & Distinction Descripts P2 M2 D2

LO3. Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE.

Pass, Merit & Distinction Descripts P3 M3 D3

LO4. Determine the debugging process and explain the importance of a coding standard.

Pass, Merit & Distinction Descripts P4 P5 M4 D4

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place and
grades decisions have been agreed at the assessment board.
Assignment Feedback
Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student

Action Plan

Summative feedback

Feedback: Student to Assessor

Assessor Date
signature

Student Date
signature
Pearson Higher Nationals in

Computing

Unit 01: Programming

Assignment 01
General Guidelines

1. A Cover page or title page – You should always attach a title page to your assignment.
Use previous page as your cover sheet and make sure all the details are accurately filled.
2. Attach this brief as the first section of your assignment.

3. All the assignments should be prepared using a word processing software.

4. All the assignments should be printed on A4 sized papers. Use single side printing.

5. Allow 1” for top, bottom , right margins and 1.25” for the left margin of each page.

Word Processing Rules

1. The font size should be 12 point, and should be in the style of Time New Roman.

2. Use 1.5 line spacing. Left justify all paragraphs.

3. Ensure that all the headings are consistent in terms of the font size and font style.

4. Use footer function in the word processor to insert Your Name, Subject, Assignment No,
and Page Number on each page. This is useful if individual sheets become detached for any
reason.
5. Use word processing application spell check and grammar check function to help editing
your assignment.

Important Points:

1. It is strictly prohibited to use textboxes to add texts in the assignments, except for

the compulsory information. eg: Figures, tables of comparison etc. Adding text boxes in the
 body except for the before mentioned compulsory information will result in rejection of your
work.

2. Carefully check the hand in date and the instructions given in the assignment. Late

submissions will not be accepted.

3. Ensure that you give yourself enough time to complete the assignment by the due date.

4. Excuses of any nature will not be accepted for failure to hand in the work on time.

5. You must take responsibility for managing your own time effectively.

6. If you are unable to hand in your assignment on time and have valid reasons such as

illness, you may apply (in writing) for an extension.

7. Failure to achieve at least PASS criteria will result in a REFERRAL grade .

8. Non-submission of work without valid reasons will lead to an automatic RE FERRAL.

You will then be asked to complete an alternative assignment.

 9. If you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, reference them properly using
HARVARD referencing system to avoid plagiarism. You have to provide both in-text citation
and a reference list.
10. If you are proven to be guilty of plagiarism or any academic misconduct, your grade could be
reduced to A REFERRAL or at worst you could be expelled from the course

Student Declaration

I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present
it as my own without attributing the sources in the correct way. I further understand what it means
to copy another’s work.

1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of the Edexcel UK.
3. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in any of the
assignments for this program.
4. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspects of my program, will be
my own, and where I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source in the
correct way.
5. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a binding
agreement between myself and Edexcel UK.
6. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document is not
attached to the attached.
Student’s Signature: Date:
(Provide E-mail ID) (Provide Submission Date)
 Higher National Diploma in Computing
Assignment Brief

Student Name /ID Number

Unit Number and Title Unit 01: Programming

Academic Year 2021/22

Unit Tutor

Assignment Title Design &Implement a GUI based system using a suitable

Integrated Development Environment

Issue Date

Submission Date

IV Name & Date

Submission Format

This submission will have 3 components

1. Written Report

This submission is in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a concise, formal
business style using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs
and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and referenced using the
Harvard referencing system. Please also provide a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system. ( The
recommended word count is 1,500–2,000 words for the report excluding annexures)

2. Implemented System (Software)

The student should submit a GUI based system developed using an IDE. The system should connect with a
backend database and should have at least 5 different forms and suitable functionality including insert,
edit and delete of main entities and transaction processing.
3. Presentation
With the submitted system student should do a presentation to demonstrate the system that was
developed. Time allocated is 10 to 15 min. Student may use 5 to 10 PowerPoint slides while doing the
presentation, but live demonstration of the system is required. Evaluator will also check the ability to
modify and debug the system using the IDE.
Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1. Define basic algorithms to carry out an operation and outline the process of
programming an application.

LO2. Explain the characteristics of procedural, object-orientated and event-driven

programming, conduct an analysis of a suitable Integrated Development
Environment (IDE).

LO3. Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE.

LO4. Determine the debugging process and explain the importance of a coding
standard
Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Activity 1

A. The Fibonacci numbers are the numbers in the following integer sequence.
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, ……..

In mathematical terms, the sequence Fn of Fibonacci numbers is defined by the recurrence

relation.

Fn = F n-1 + F n-2

B. Factorial of a non-negative integer, is multiplication of all integers smaller than or equal

to n. For example, factorial of 6 is 6*5*4*3*2*1 which is 720.

n! = n * (n - 1) *............1

Define what an algorithm is and outline the characteristics of a good algorithm. Write the
algorithms to display the Fibonacci series and the factorial value for a given number using
Pseudo code. Determine the steps involved in the process of writing and executing a
program.

Take a sample number and dry run the above two algorithms. Show the outputs at the end
of each iteration and the final output. Examine what Big-O notation is and explain its role in
evaluating efficiencies of algorithms. Write the Python program code for the above two
algorithms and critically evaluate their efficiencies using Big-O notation.
Activity 2

2.1 Explain what is meant by a Programming Paradigm and the main

characteristics of Procedural, Object oriented and Event-driven paradigms and the
relationships among them. Write small snippets of code as example for the above
three programming paradigms using a suitable programming language(s). you also
need to
critically evaluate the code samples that you have given above in relation to their
 structure and the unique characteristics.

Activity 3 and Activity 4 are based on the following Scenario.

Ayubo Drive is the transport arm of Ayubo Leisure (Pvt) Ltd, an emerging travel & tour
company in Sri Lanka. It owns a fleet of vehicles ranging from cars, SUVs to vans.

The vehicles that it owns are hired or rented with or without a driver. The tariffs are based on
the vehicle type. Some of the vehicle types that it operates are, small car, sedan car, SVUs, Jeep
(WD), 7-seater van and Commuter van. New vehicle types are to be added in the future.

Vehicle rent and hire options are described below.

1. Rent (With or without driver) – For each type of vehicle rates are given per day, per week
and per month. Rate for a driver also given per day. Depending on the rent period the
total rent amount needs to be calculated. For example: if a vehicle is rented for 10 days
with a driver, total amount to be calculated as follows:

Total rent = weeklyRent x 1 + dailyRent x 3 + dailyDriverCost x 10

2. Hire (with driver only) – These are based on packages such as airport drop, airport pickup,
100km per day package, 200km per day package etc. Standard rates are defined for a
package type of a vehicle typeif that is applicable for that type of vehicle.For each package
maximum km limit and maximum number of hours arealso defined. Extra km rate is also
defined which is applicable if they run beyond the allocated km limit for the tour. For day
 tours if they exceed max hour limit,a waiting charge is applicable for extra hours. Driver
overnight rate and vehicle night park rate also defined which is applicable for each night
when the vehicle is hired for 2 or more days.

Activity 3

Function 1: Rent calculation.

Return the total rent_value when vehicle_no, rented_date, return_date, with_driver
parameters are sent in. with_driver parameter is set to true or false depending whether the
vehicle is rented with or without driver.

Function 2: Day tour - hire calculation.

Calculate total hire_value when vehicle_no, package_type, start_time, end_time,
start_km_reading, end_km_reading parameters are sent in. Should return base_hire_charge,
waiting_charge and extra_km_charge as output parameters.

Function 3: Long tour - hire calculation.

Calculate total hire_value when vehicle_no, package_type, start_date, end_date,
start_km_reading, end_km_reading parameters are sent in. Should return base_hire_charge,
overnight_stay_charge and extra_km_charge as output parameters.

Write suable algorithms for vehicle tariff calculation for rents and hires. Ideally 3
functions should be developed for this purpose as above. Use the visual studio IDE
(using C#.net) to Implement the above algorithms and design the suitable database
structure for keeping the tariffs for vehicle types and different packages which must be
used for implementing the above functions.

Analyze the features of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and explain how
those features help in application development. Evaluate the use of the Visual
StudioIDE for your application development contrasted with not using an IDE.

Activity 4

4.1 Design and build a small system to calculate vehicle hire amounts and record them in a
database for customer billing and management reporting forAyubo drive. This includes the
completing the database design started in 3.2 and implementing one or more GUIs for
vehicle, vehicle type, and package add/edit/delete functions. It essentially requires an
 interface for hire calculation and recording function described above. Generating customer
reports and customer invoices are not required for this course work.

4.2 Explain debugging process and the features available in Visual studio IDE for debugging
your code more easily. Evaluate how you used the debugging process to develop more
secure, robust application with examples.

4.3 Outline the coding standards you have used in your application development. Critically
evaluate why a coding standard is necessary for the team as well as for the individual.
Grading Rubric

Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback

LO1 Define basic algorithms to carry out an operation

and outline the process of programming an
application.

P1Provide a definition of what an algorithm is and outline

the process in building an application.

M1Determine the steps taken from writing code to

execution.

D1 Evaluate the implementation of an algorithm in a suitable

language. Evaluate the relationship between the written
algorithm and the code variant
LO2 Explain the characteristics of procedural,
objectorientated and event-driven programming,
conduct an analysis of a suitable Integrated
Development Environment (IDE)

P2Give explanations of what procedural, objectorientated,

and eventdriven paradigms are; their characteristics and the
relationship between them.

M2 Compare and contrast the procedural, object

orientated and event driven paradigms used in given
source code of an application

D2Critically evaluate the source code of an application which

implements the programming paradigms, in terms of the
code structure and characteristics.
LO3Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE.
P3Write a program that implements an algorithm using an
IDE.

M3Use the IDE to manage the development process of the

program.

D3Evaluate the use of an IDE for development of

applications contrasted with not using an IDE.

LO4 Determine the debugging process and explain

the importance of a coding standard

P4Explain the debugging process and explain the debugging

facilities available in the IDE.

P5Outline the coding standard you have used in your code.

M4Evaluate how the debugging process can be used to
help develop more secure, robust applications.

D4 Critically evaluate why a coding standard is necessary in

a team as well as for the individual.
Algorithm

Algorithm is a well-defined sequential computational approach that accepts a value or a set of values as input
and outputs the value or output required to solve a problem.
Example: to add two numbers and display the result.
Step 1 − Start
Step 2 − Declare three integers A, B and C
Step 3 − Define values of A, B
Step 4 − Add values of A and B
Step 5 − Store output of step 4 to C
Step 6 − Print C
Step 7 − End

Characteristics of a good algorithm

• Self-contained - An algorithm should have step-by-step instructions that are self-contained and independent
of any programming code.

• Unambiguous - Algorithms should be simple and straightforward. Each of its steps (or phases), as well as
their inputs and outputs, should be obvious and lead to only one conclusion.

• Feasibility - The project should be feasible given the resources available.

• Input - A well-defined algorithm should contain 0 or more inputs.

• Output - An algorithm should have one or more well-defined outputs that correspond to the desired outcome.

• Finiteness - Algorithms must come to an end after a certain number of steps.

Pseudocode of display Fibonacci series
Step 1: Start

Step 2: Declare variable A,B,C,N,i

Step 3: Initialize variable A=0 , B = 1, C = 0 and i=2

Step 4: Read N from user

Step 5: Print A and B

Step 6: Repeat until i < = N

Step 6.1: C = A+ B

Step 6.2: print C

Step 6.3: A = B, B = C

Step 6.4: i=i+1

Step 7: End

Pseudocode of display factorial value of a given number

Step 1: Start
 Step 2: Declare N and F as integer variable.  

Step 3: Initialize F=1.

Step 4: Enter the value of N.  

Step 5: Check whether N>0, if not then F=1.  

Step 6: If yes then, F=F*N  

Step 7: Decrease the value of N by 1 .  

Step 8: Repeat step 4 and 5 until N=0.

Step 9: Now print the value of F.  

Step 10: End

The value of F will be the factorial of N(number).

Outputs at the end of each iteration and the final output of Fibonacci series

N=3

A B C i

Iteration 1 0 1 0 2

Iteration 2 1 2 1 3

Output: 0 1 1
 Outputs of Factorial value of a given number

N=5

N * F(N-1)

Iteration 1 2 * f(1) 2*1=2

Iteration 2 3 * f(2) 3*2=6

Iteration 3 4 * f(3) 4 * 6 = 24

Iteration 4 5 * f(4) 5 * 24 = 120

Output: 120

Big O Notation

Big-O notation is the language we use to express how long it takes an algorithm to run (time complexity) or
how much memory it consumes (space complexity). Big-O notation can be used to express an algorithm's best,
worst, and average-case execution times.

Importance and role of Big O notation.

It used to figure out the algorithm to apply when we're trying to solve an issue, allowing us to improve our own
code. The number of inputs is referred to as n in Big O Notation, which defines how much run time an
algorithm takes.
Fibonacci series pseudocode in python

Factorial value of a given number pseudocode in python

Efficiency of Fibonacci series using Big-O notation.

F(n) = F (n - 1) + F (n – 2)

F(n) = ((1 + √ 5) / 2)n +((1 - √ 5) / 2)n

F(n) = O(2^n)

F(n) = T (n)

T(n) = O (((1 + √ 5) / 2)n +((1 - √ 5) / 2)n )

T(n) = O (((1 + √ 5) / 2)n)

T(n) = O ((1.6180)n)

1.6180 => golden ratio

 Efficiency of Factorial value of a given number using Big-O notation.

T(n) = T(n-1) + 3
= T(n-2) + 6
= T(n-3) + 9
=...
= T(n-k) + 3k
Since T(0) = 1
we must determine the value of k for which n - k = 0, k = n
T(n) = T(0) + 3n, k = n
= 1 + 3n
T(n) = O (n)
Activity 2

Programming Paradigm

Programming paradigm is a means of solving a problem utilizing tools and techniques that are available to
us while adhering to a specific approach.

Examples for Programming Paradigms

Procedural Object Oriented Event Driven

C : developed by Dennis Simula : first OOP JavaScript :

Ritchie and Ken Thompson language developed by
Brendan Eich
 C++ : developed by Bjarne Visual Basic .NET : Scala : developed by
Stroustrup developed by Microsoft Martin Odersky

Java : developed by James Python : developed by Haskell : developed

Gosling at Sun Guido van Rossum by Lennart
Microsystems Augustsson, Dave
Barton

ColdFusion : developed by Ruby : developed by Lisp : developed by

J J Allaire Yukihiro Matsumoto John Mccarthy

Pascal : developed by Smalltalk : developed by ML : developed by

Niklaus Wirth Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Robin Milner
Adele Goldberg

Main Programing Paradigms

1. Procedural
Introduction
 Procedural programming is a programming paradigm based on the premise that programs are made up of a
series of instructions that must be followed in order to be performed.

Characteristics

 A top-down method is used in procedural programming.

 The program is organized into functions, which are blocks of code that each execute a specified
purpose.
 Real-world processes are modeled as 'procedures' that operate on 'data' in procedural systems.
 Data and functions are separate from one another.
 In a software, data is free to move about.
 It's simple to follow a program's logic.
 By invoking another function, a function can have access to its data.
Advantages

 The programmed simplicity, as well as the ease of implementation of compilers and interpreters,
make procedural programming ideal for general-purpose programming.
 A wide range of books and online course materials on tested algorithms are available, making it
easy to study as you go.
 Because the source code is portable, it can also be used to target a different CPU.
 It is not necessary to replicate the code because it can be reused in different portions of the program.
 The memory need is also reduced using the Procedural Programming approach.
 The program's flow can be simply followed.
Disadvantages

 When Procedural Programming is used, the computer code is more difficult to write.
 Because procedural code is frequently not reusable, it may be necessary to rebuild it if it is required
for usage in another application.
 Relationships with real-world objects are difficult.
  The procedure is prioritized over the data, which may cause problems in data-sensitive situations.
 Because the data is visible to the entire program, it is not very secure.

2. Object-Oriented
Introduction

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses classes and objects. It's utilized to
break down a software program into reusable code blueprints (called classes) that may be used to build specific
instances of things.

Characteristics

 Class
 Objects
 Data Abstraction
 Data Encapsulation
 Inheritance
 Polymorphism

Advantages

 Scalable
 Flexible
 Reusable
 Open Source
 Cross-Platform
 Easy Debugging
Disadvantages

 Complexity
  Lack of modularization
 Code bloat
 Difficulties in unit testing
 Difficulty in parallelizing
 Inheritance problems

3. Event Driven
Introduction

Event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the program's control flow is dictated by the
occurrence of events. An event listener is a piece of code that keeps track of these occurrences. It runs an event
handler (a callback function or procedure that is called when an assigned event happens) if it detects that the
event has occurred.

Characteristics

 Service orientated:
 Time driven:
 Event handlers:
 Trigger functions:
 Events (Mouse, keyboard and user interface):
 Pre-defined functions:
 Local variables:
 Parameter passing:
Advantages

 Flexibility

 Suitability for Graphical Interfaces

 Simplicity of Programming

 Easy to Find Natural Dividing Lines

 Highly Compostable

 Simple and Understandable

 Purely Procedural and Purely Imperative

Disadvantages

 Complex
 Less Logical and Obvious
 Difficult to find Error
 Slower
 Confusing
 Tight Coupling
 Blocking

Procedural vs Object Oriented vs Event Driven Paradigms

Procedural Object Oriented Event Driven

Employs a set of Modeling classes and The program's

instructions to inform the objects for real-world sequencing is
computer what to items. determined by event
perform each step along triggering and event
the way handling.

quicker to implement faster coding User control sequence

 Click event
 Double click
event
 Change event

simpler code but get’s Simple coding Simple coding and easy
increasingly complex to program

difficult to manage as the managing on larger -

program get’s larger. projects

re-use code enabling easy re-use code -

enabling

Cobol, Fortran and Basic VB 6.0 and previous are VB. NET are examples
are examples examples
Code sample for each programming paradigm

Procedural Paradigm  C

Output:

Object Oriented Paradigm  Java

Output:
Event Driven Paradigm  Python

Output:
Activity 3

Pseudocodes for each function

Rent Calculation Function Pseudocode

Function 1 rent calculation (rented_date, return_date, is driver)

Begin

Total rent = 0

Total days = return days-started date

If is driver=true

Driver amount = total day * per driver day

While total day = 0

If total day > = 30

Total rent + = monthly rent

Total days - = 30

Else total day > = 7

Total rent + = weekly rent

Total day - = 7

Else

Total rent + = (day rent*total days)

Total days = 0

End while

Total amount + = total driver amount

Return total amount

End

Day Tour-Hire Calculation Function Pseudocode

Function 2 day tour hire calculation (start_time, end_time, start_km, end_km,):

Begin

Basic hire charge: calculation based on vehicle type and package type

Tot_hours=end_time-start_time

Total_kms=end_km-start_km

If tot_hours>allocated_hours then

Waiting_charge=(total_kms_allocated_hours) *extra 1 hour’s charge

End if

If total_kms>allocated kms then

Extra_km_charge=(total_kms_allocated_kms) *extra_1km_charge

End if

End
 Long Tour-Hire Calculation Function Pseudocode

Function 3 long_tour_hire (start_date, end_date, start_km, end_km): base_hire_charge, over_night_charge

Begin

Basic hire charge = calculation based on vehicle type and package

Tot_days=end_date-start_date

Tot_kms=end_km - start_km

If tot_kms>allocated_kms

Extra km charge=(tot_kms_allocated_kms) *extra_1hour_charge

If tot_days>=2 than

Total_driver_charge=(tot_days-1) *1_day_driver_over night_charge

Total_overnight_park_charge=(tot_days-1) *1_day_overnight_park_charge

Overnight charge=total_driver_charge+total_overnight_park_charge

End if

Rent Calculation Form

Hire Calculation Form
ER Diagram

Tables
Car Table
Packages Table

IDE
An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software package application that provides complete tools for
software package development to computer programmers. A source code editor, build automation tools, and a
computer software are commonly included in an IDE. Some IDEs, like NetBeans and Eclipse, come with the
required compiler, interpreter, or both; others, like Sharp Develop and Lazarus, don't. The line between an IDE and
the rest of the software development environment isn't always clear; some IDEs include a version control system
or other tools to make building a graphical user interface (GUI) easier. Many modern-day object-oriented software
packages development even have a category browser, associate object browser, and a category hierarchy diagram.

Main component of an IDE

 Compiler
This tool translates a programming language created by humans into one that computers can understand.
A compiler is a program that translates code into an executable format. In simple terms, a compiler's job
is to convert a program written in one language into an identical program written in another. Errors in
code are also detected by compilers. The source language is usually a human-readable high-level
programming language, whereas the target language is usually a machine or assembly language
(computers can understand). C and C++ are two programming languages that use it.
 Interpreter
The function of an interpreter is nearly identical to that of a compiler, with the exception of the manner it
works. One statement at a time is converted by the interpreter. It examines source codes quickly, but the
 total process takes time to complete. Python and Ruby are examples of programming languages that use
it.

 Code Editor
It's important not to mix up text editors and code editors. A text editor is any software that allows you to
create and edit plain text; however, a code editor is a text editor that is especially built to write and edit
code for computer programs. To put it another way, it's a text editor that allows you to write and edit
software codes. It includes features like syntax highlighting with visual hints, auto-completion, and bug
checking as you write code. Some code editors provide a preview option that lets writers see how their
webpage will look with the code they've written. Code editors often provide powerful search features as
well as the ability to zoom in on text. External plug-ins can be used to add extra capabilities to some code
editors. The functionality of today's code editors may be adjusted to meet the needs of the developer.

 Class Browser
A class-browser is a piece of software that allows users to look at and reference an object-oriented
language. By guaranteeing that all links are maintained, a refactoring browser makes it easy to shift
procedures. Smalltalk was the first language to use a class browser and is well-known for its extensive
browsing features. An integrated development environment includes a class browser (IDE). It aids in
browsing, navigating, and visualizing the object-oriented programming code's structure.

 Debugger
Debugging is a difficult procedure, and a debugger's job is to look for faults in the code by checking the
program, subsystems, and modules. It's a tool for checking for defects in applications. It locates the
problems in the source code graphically. Debuggers find and fix problems or faults in software code that
might cause it to malfunction or crash.
  Object Browser
The coders may use this tool to view the attributes of numerous objects in their projects. The components
of the software package are referred to as objects in this situation. It shows the object characteristics in a
hierarchical order.

 Build Automation Tools

Packaging binary code testing, for example, can be automated to save time and human effort for the
developer. The build automation tools are the tools and plug-ins that a developer employs to implement
this capability. These are built-in tools that assist programmers in automating frequent and recurrent
programming activities.

Visual Studio IDE and its features.

The Visual Studio integrated development environment is a powerful tool for editing, debugging, and building
code, as well as publishing apps. An integrated development environment (IDE) is a feature-rich software
development environment that may be used for a variety of tasks.

Features:
 Code editor – For variables, functions, methods, loops, and LINQ queries, Visual Studio (like any other
IDE) features a code editor that enables syntax highlighting and code completion using IntelliSense.

 Debugger - Visual Studio comes with a debugger that may be used as a source-level and machine-level
debugger. It supports both managed and native code and may be used to debug programs developed in any
Visual Studio supported language.

 Designer – Visual Studio comes with a number of visual designers to help with application development.
These are some of the tools:
 Windows Forms Designer
 WPF Designer
  Web designer/development
 Class designer
 Data designer
 Mapping designer

 Other tools - Includes following tools:

 Open Tabs Browser
 Properties Editor
 Object Browser
 Solution Explorer
 Team Explorer
 Data Explorer
 Server Explorer
 Dotfuscator Community Edition
 Text Generation Framework
 ASP.NET Web Site Administration Tool
 Visual Studio Tools for Office

 Extensibility - Developers can enhance the functionality of Visual Studio by writing extensions for it.
These add-ons "link into" Visual Studio and enhance its capabilities. Macros, add-ins, and packages are
examples of extensions. Macros are programmatically recorded, replayable, and distributable activities and
actions that developers may save, replay, and distribute. Macros, on the other hand, are unable to create
new commands or tool windows. Add-Ins can interact with the IDE tools and offer access to the Visual
Studio object model. The Visual Studio SDK is used to construct packages, which give the maximum level
of extensibility. They have the ability to construct designers and other tools, as well as incorporate other
programming languages.
 Development process with using and without using an IDE.

An integrated development environment (IDE) is a collection of software tools that work together to make
programming and development easier (graphical user interface). They enable programmers and developers to write
and modify code, construct databases, and do a variety of other technical activities. IDEs offer a far greater range
of capabilities than code editors, despite some obvious resemblance. Furthermore, when IDEs and code editors
have similar use cases, the two types of tools provide significantly different approaches to completing the task. By
removing the need for programmers to utilize different tools while developing, testing, and debugging code, using
an IDE streamlines the software development process. A quick peek at an IDE's feature list demonstrates its
increased adaptability. A code editor is one of the most fundamental features of an IDE. The fact that an IDE
includes a code editor emphasizes the idea that an IDE is more than the sum of its parts. However, there are
legitimate reasons to utilize a code editor rather than an IDE in certain cases. Some of the benefits of utilizing an
IDE are listed below.

Activity 4
Debugging

Debugging is the act of finding and fixing current and prospective flaws (often known as "bugs") in software
code that might cause it to behave abnormally or crash. Debugging is used to detect and fix bugs or problems in
software or systems to prevent them from malfunctioning. Debugging becomes more difficult when several
subsystems or modules are tightly connected, as each modification in one module may cause more defects to
arise in another. Debugging a program can take longer than programming it.

Importance of debugging

Debugging is crucial because it allows software engineers and developers to resolve mistakes before releasing a
product to the general audience. It's an add-on to testing, which is determining how an error impacts a program as
a whole. You can figure out which variables and functions to alter consistently by looking at each piece of code.
Debugging may also enhance a product's quality, perhaps increasing the number of favorable evaluations a
business receives.

Features available in Visual studio for debugging

 Step Out of the Current Function

You'll be transported back to the original breakpoint after you exit the current function. However, you can now
re-enter to proceed to the next function. Repeat until you've found the function you're looking for.

 Use the Auto Window to See Result of Functions

When you have a function call whose result isn't saved somewhere and you really want to know what it returned,
it's one of the most annoying parts of debugging.
  Run to Cursor

Run to cursor is a fantastic approach to avoid the step-step-step-step-step-oh-no-I-stepped-over-it dilemma, where

you know where you want to go but have to walk many times to get there, and you become frustrated.

 Modify Any Variable

This technique is effective, and it's especially useful when you've discovered one error but still need to verify that
the remainder of your code works. This is especially useful if your debugging session involves a lot of setups—
for example, if you need to do a lot of UI to acquire the appropriate inputs or if your code takes a long time to
develop.

 Set Next Statement

The Set Next Statement is an extremely useful feature. You can occasionally "unwind" execution if you're
debugging, and you've mistakenly (or not so unwittingly) stepped past the point when anything interesting
happens. What this truly implies is that you may tell Visual Studio to go back and start executing from a prior
command while keeping the current state of the environment.

Debugging Features in Visual studio IDE to develop secure and robust

Because Visual Studio is a full-fledged integrated development environment (IDE), it comes with a rich range of
debugging tools. Many of these tools are visual components that are part of the Visual Studio user interface and
may be found by selecting Debug > Windows from the Debug menu.

Breakpoints: Shows a list of all current breakpoints, together with their position, hit count, and what action is
conducted when the breakpoint is reached, among other things. In a single window, it provides an easy method to
change breakpoint behavior.
Exception Settings: While Visual Studio includes a number of sophisticated default debugging behaviors, the
Exception Settings panel provides direct access to a complete list of Exceptions that may be raised during
execution. This window lets you specify what should happen when a certain exception type is raised, such as
whether or not to halt execution at that line. You may optionally provide additional criteria that will cause actions
to be triggered based on the exception type.

Show Diagnostic Tools: This tab contains the basic built-in diagnostic tools like the CPU and memory profilers.
Autos: Variables used around the current line of execution are automatically supplied.
As you walk through the code, the locals are automatically supplied with currently scoped variables.

Locals: As you walk through the code, it will automatically populate with variables that are presently scoped.
Parallel Stacks: The Parallel Stacks window gives a diagrammed view of all current threads (or tasks) for multi-
threaded programs, including call stacks for each thread to make it easier to track what's going on here.
Parallel Watch: Similar to the regular Watch window, the Parallel Watch window allows you to watch variables
and expressions in many threads at the same time.

Memory: A tabular representation of your application's memory use. This can be helpful for analyzing bigger or
more complicated data sets that don't fit well in standard watch windows, or for evaluating particular memory
locations during execution.
Coding Standards
Coding standards are a set of rules, guidelines, and best practices for coding.
Importance of coding standards
 A coding standard offers the programs created by various engineers a consistent look.
 It increases the code's readability and maintainability while simultaneously reducing its complexity.
 It aids in the reuse of code and the detection of errors.
 It encourages good programming habits and boosts programmers' productivity.
Common coding standards.
 Limited use of globals - These guidelines specify which types of data can be declared global and which
cannot.

 Standard headers for different modules - The headers of distinct modules should follow a common structure
and information for easier understanding and maintenance of the code.

 Naming conventions for local variables, global variables, constants and functions:
o The use of variables with meaningful and intelligible names makes it easier for everyone to
understand why they are being used.
o Local variables should be named in camel case, with a tiny letter at the beginning, but global
variables should be named with a capital letter. Only capital letters should be used to construct
constant names
o It's preferable to avoid using digits in variable names.
o The function names should begin with tiny letters and be written in camel case.
o The function's name must clearly and succinctly convey why the function is being used.

 Indentation - To improve the readability of the code, proper indentation is critical. White spaces should be
used appropriately by programmers to make their code understandable.
  Error return values and exception handling conventions - To make debugging easier, any methods that meet
an error situation should return a 0 or 1.

 Avoid using a coding style that is too difficult to understand – The code should be simple to comprehend.
Maintenance and debugging are tough and expensive due to the sophisticated code.

 Avoid using an identifier for multiple purposes - Each variable should have a descriptive and meaningful
name that explains why it is being used. When one identifier is used for several reasons, this is not feasible,
and the reader may become confused. Furthermore, it makes future upgrades more difficult.

 Length of functions should not be very large - long functions are quite tough to comprehend. As a result,
functions should be small enough to perform little tasks, and larger functions should be split down into
smaller ones to complete minor tasks.

Coding standards with examples

1. Commenting & Documentation

Commenting your code has never been more useful. When you use particular standards in your comments, IDEs
and other tools can use them in a variety of ways.
When I use that function, even from different files, the comments I put to the function declaration may be seen.
 2. Consistent Indentation

Code should be indented It's also worth mentioning that keeping your indentation style constant is a good
practice.
 3. Code Grouping

Certain operations almost always need a few lines of code. It's a good idea to maintain these activities in distinct
code blocks with some breathing room between them. The visual distinction is further enhanced by including a
comment at the start of each block of code.

4. Consistent Naming Scheme

There should be word limits in the names. There are two common choices. :
o camelCase: Except for the first word, each word's initial letter is capitalized.
o Underscores: Between words, there are underscores.

Having a variety of alternatives presents a similar scenario to the indent styles I outlined previously. If an existing
project adheres to a given standard, you should follow it. Furthermore, several language systems have a specific
name convention.

5. Use Meaningful Names for Variables and Functions

Using descriptive names for variables and functions will help you save a lot of time. When you're first starting
out and your programs are only a few dozen lines long, this may not seem like a significant concern. However,
for code with hundreds or thousands of lines, things may rapidly get quite complicated.
Trying to save time by giving variables and functions relatively short names is counterproductive in the long run,
especially when there are so many capable code editors and IDEs to assist you create code.

6. Limit Line Length

When reading tall and narrow columns of text, our eyes are more at ease. Avoiding writing horizontally lengthy
lines of code is a good habit. It's also a good idea to keep the line length to roughly 80 characters if someone
expects to read the code from a terminal window, such as Vim users.

Importance of the coding standards for both a team and a developer

Coding standards assist in the construction of less complicated software systems, which reduces mistakes. The
code is consistent and easy to maintain if the coding rules are followed. This is due to the fact that anyone may
comprehend it and change it at any moment. Why is it vital to have a coding standard in a team in this case? A
coding standard assures that all programmers producing code in a specific language follow the same set of rules.
This makes the code easier to comprehend and maintains consistency. The uniformity of the coding standard is
one of the most important aspects of a software system. What are coding rules, on the other hand? Coding
conventions are a collection of recommendations for programming style, techniques, and methodologies for each
part of a program developed in a given programming language. These are standards for the structural quality of
software. As a result, coding standards are crucial for both a team and an individual developer.
Task 3: Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE .

Design suable algorithms for vehicle tariff calculation for rents and hires .

1 Vehicle Therif
Implement the above algorithms using visual studio IDE (using C#.net) and
design the suitable database structure for keeping the tariffs for vehicle types and different packages which
must be used for implementing the above functions.

Rent Calculation

2 Rent Calculation Interface

C# Code for above rent calculation
namespace Ayubo_Drive_Sl
{
public partial class Rent : Form
{
public Rent()
{
InitializeComponent();

}
public int dayfee, weekfee, monthfee, dkm, wkm, mkm;
private void Rent_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Class1 objconnection = new Class1();
string getstring = objconnection.conMethod();
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(getstring);

tr{ con.Open();
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("SELECT plate_num FROM [Car_rates]", con);
SqlDataReader reader;
reader = command.ExecuteReader();
ArrayList carrent = new ArrayList();

while (reader.Read())
{
carrent.Add(reader[0].ToString());
}
comboBox1.Items.AddRange(carrent.ToArray());
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
}
finally
{
con.Close();
}
 ////////////

private void dateTimePicker1_ValueChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
string stdate = dateTimePicker1.Value.ToShortDateString();
sdate.Text = stdate.ToString();
}

private void dateTimePicker2_ValueChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
string enddate = dateTimePicker2.Value.ToShortDateString();
edate.Text = enddate.ToString();
}
string driver;
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (yes.Checked == true) { driver = "true";

string startday = sdate.Text;

string endday = edate.Text;

rent t1 = new rent();

string result = rent_calculate(driver, startday, endday);

txttotalrent.Text = result;

}
public double count1, count2;
public string rent_calculate(string dri, string st, string en)
{

DateTime sday = Convert.ToDateTime(st);

DateTime eday = Convert.ToDateTime(en);

TimeSpan difference = eday - sday;

int days = Convert.ToInt32(difference.TotalDays);

double totalrent;

if (days <= 30)

{
if (days >= 7)
{
count1 = days / 7;
count2 = days % 7;

count1 = count1 * weekfee;

count2 = count2 * dayfee;

}
else
{
count2 = days * dayfee;
}

}
else
{
count1 = days / 30;
count2 = days % 30;
count1 = count1 * monthfee;
count2 = count2 * dayfee;
}

if (dri == "true")
{
totalrent = count1 + count2 + days * 1000;
}
else
{
totalrent = (count1 + count2);
 }

string torent = Convert.ToString(totalrent);

return (torent);

private void comboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
try
{
Class1 objconnection = new Class1();
string getstring = objconnection.conMethod();
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(getstring);

con.Open();
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand
("SELECT per_day,per_week,per_month,day_km,week_km,month_km FROM [Car_rates] where
plate_num = '" + comboBox1.Text + "'", con);
SqlDataReader reader;
reader = command.ExecuteReader();
ArrayList carrent = new ArrayList();

while (reader.Read())
{
dayfee = int.Parse(reader[0].ToString());
weekfee = int.Parse(reader[1].ToString());
monthfee = int.Parse(reader[2].ToString());
dkm = int.Parse(reader[3].ToString());

wkm = int.Parse(reader[4].ToString());
mkm = int.Parse(reader[5].ToString());
}

}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
}
 finally
{
//con1.Close();
}
try
{
Class1 objconnection = new Class1();
string getstring = objconnection.conMethod();
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(getstring);

con.Open();
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand
("SELECT brand,per_day,per_week,per_month FROM [Car_rates] where plate_num = '" +
comboBox1.Text + "'", con);
SqlDataReader reader;
reader = command.ExecuteReader();
ArrayList carrent = new ArrayList();

string type = "";

string day = "";
string week = "";
string month = "";
while (reader.Read())
{
type = reader[0].ToString();
day = reader[1].ToString();
week = reader[2].ToString();
month = reader[3].ToString();

txtvtype.Text = type.ToString();
txtday.Text = day.ToString();
txtweek.Text = week.ToString();
txtmonth.Text = month.ToString();

}
catch (Exception ex)
{
 MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
}
finally
{
con.Close();
}

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
this.Close();
}
}
}
C# Code for above Car rent and registration interface
namespace Ayubo_Drive_Sl
{
public partial class Car_rates : Form
{
public Car_rates()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void btnsubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Class1 objconnection = new Class1();
string getstring = objconnection.conMethod();
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(getstring);

try
{
string brand = txtbrand.Text;
string model =txtmodel.Text;
string plate = txtplate.Text;
string day = txtday.Text;
string kmday = txtkmday.Text;
string week = txtweek.Text;
string kmweek = txtkmweek.Text;
string month = txtmonth.Text;
string kmmonth = txtkmmonth.Text;
con.Open();

SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("INSERT INTO [car_rates]

(brand,model,per_day,day_km,per_week,week_km,per_month,month_km,plate_num) VALUES ('" + brand +
"','" + model + "','" + day + "','" + kmday + "','" + week + "','" + kmweek + "','" + month + "','" + kmmonth + "','"
+ plate + "')", con);
command.ExecuteNonQuery();

MessageBox.Show("Insert Successfully", "School_", MessageBoxButtons.OK,

MessageBoxIcon.Information);
txtbrand.Clear();
txtmodel.Clear();
 txtplate.Clear();
txtday.Clear();
txtkmday.Clear();
txtweek.Clear();
txtkmweek.Clear();
txtmonth.Clear();
txtkmmonth.Clear(); ;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
}
finally
{
con.Close();
}
}
update car infers

4 update cars

C# Code for above interface

using System.Collections;

namespace Ayubo_Drive_Sl
{
public partial class Update_Cars : Form
{
public Update_Cars()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void Update_Cars_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

 {
Class1 objconnection = new Class1();
string getstring = objconnection.conMethod();
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(getstring);

try
{
con.Open();
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("SELECT plate_num FROM [Car_rates]", con);
SqlDataReader reader;

reader = command.ExecuteReader();
ArrayList plate_num = new ArrayList();
while (reader.Read())
{
patientids.Add(reader[0].ToString());
}
cmbplate.Items.AddRange(patientids.ToArray());
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
}
finally
{
con.Close();
}
}
public string plate = "";
public string brand = "";
public string model = "";
public int day;
public int dkm;
public int week;
public int wkm;
public int month;
public int mkm;
private void cmbbrand_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

Class1 objconnection = new Class1();

 string getstring = objconnection.conMethod();
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(getstring);

try
{
con.Open();
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("SELECT
plate_num,brand,model,per_day,day_km,per_week,week_km,per_month,month_km FROM [Car_rates] WHERE
plate_num = '" + cmbplate.Text + "' ", con);

SqlDataReader reader;
reader = command.ExecuteReader();
ArrayList plate_num = new ArrayList();

while (reader.Read())
{
plate = reader[0].ToString();
brand = reader[1].ToString();
model = reader[2].ToString();

day = int.Parse(reader[3].ToString());
dkm = int.Parse(reader[4].ToString());
week = int.Parse(reader[5].ToString());
wkm = int.Parse(reader[6].ToString());
month = int.Parse(reader[7].ToString());
mkm = int.Parse(reader[8].ToString());

cmbplate.Text = plate.ToString();
txtbrand.Text = brand.ToString();
txtmodel.Text = model.ToString();
txtday.Text = day.ToString();
txtkmday.Text = dkm.ToString();
txtweek.Text = week.ToString();
txtkmweek.Text = wkm.ToString();
txtmonth.Text = month.ToString();
txtkmmonth.Text = mkm.ToString();
 }
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
}
finally
{
con.Close();
}
}

private void cmbmodel_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

private void btnsubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (txtday.Text == "" || txtkmday.Text == "" || txtweek.Text == "" || txtkmweek.Text == "")
{
MessageBox.Show("Please Fill the Values", "Ayubo_Drive_Sl", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}
else
{
Class1 objconnection = new Class1();
string getstring = objconnection.conMethod();
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(getstring);

try
{
string plate = cmbplate.Text;
string brand = cmbplate.Text;
string model = txtmodel.Text;
string day = txtday.Text;
string dkm = txtkmday.Text;
string week = txtweek.Text;
string wkm = txtkmweek.Text;
 string month = txtmonth.Text;
string mkm = txtkmmonth.Text;

con.Open();

SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("UPDATE [Car_rates] SET brand = '" +

txtbrand.Text + "', model = '" + txtmodel.Text + "',per_day = '" + txtday.Text + "', day_km ='" + txtkmday.Text +
"',per_week = '" + txtweek.Text + "',week_km = '" + txtkmweek.Text + "',per_month = '" + txtmonth.Text + "',
month_km = '" + txtkmmonth.Text + "' where plate_num='" + plate + "' ", con);

command.ExecuteNonQuery();

MessageBox.Show("Update Successfully", "Ayubo_Drive_Sl", MessageBoxButtons.OK,

MessageBoxIcon.Information);
cmbplate.SelectedIndex = 0;
txtbrand.Clear();
txtmodel.Clear();
txtday.Clear();
txtkmday.Clear();
txtweek.Clear();
txtkmweek.Clear();
txtmonth.Clear();
txtkmmonth.Clear();

}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
}
finally
{
con.Close();
}
}
}
}
}
What is the purpose of using an IDE in application development? Evaluate the use of the Visual
Studio IDE for your application development contrasted with not using an IDE.

Purpose of using IDE

An Integrated Development atmosphere (IDE) could be a code atmosphere wont to write alternative programs
victimization tools like Associate in Nursing editor and compiler. this may sway be an especially great tool once
secret writing uses numerous languages for several reasons. samples of totally different IDE’s embody Eclipse,
Visual Studios, and Net Beans. every IDE has its own niche strengths and weaknesses.

Advantages to IDEs:
1. Increased Efficiency – faster coding with less effort
2. Collaboration – A group of programmers can easily work together within an IDE
3. Project Management – Program resources are easily
Activity 04
 Determine the debugging process and explain the importance of a coding standard.
2
4 What is debugging an application? Explain the importance of the debugging facility in Visual studio
IDE. Debug your source code by putting few debugging points in your application.
Debugging process.

A mechanism that detects a problem, may be identified as testing, fixing and finding multiple alternatives
for solving the problems. Debugging includes mechanisms such as integrated debugging, flow control
analysis, device checking, application checking . The term "bugs" has been used to denote "errors" because
a dead moth was a issue on Harvard's first machine. The word is intensively used (Bernard, 2018).

5 An Error

6 Error handling

Error handling can be known as the debugging process another identification to the word debugging. The handling
of errors indicates how Express detects and processes errors that occur synchronously and asynchronously.
 7 Break point

Set the “Breakpoint” and run the program to that breakpoint of interruption, at which point the execution of the
program stops the debug component of the IDE generally grants the

programmer the ability to view memory, view variables, run the program to the next breakpoint and execute
only the following line of code and in some cases change the value of the variables or even change the contents
of the symbol line. (Rouse, 2006-2018)

8 Variable
25 Variabletracing
tracing
Variable tracing is used to trace variables to check whether they work accurately

9 Thread window

What is coding standards?

Coding standards are a set of guidelines for a specific programming language that recommends programming,
practices and methods for each aspect of the program written in that language.
11 Coding Standards of AyuboDrive
oding Standards of AyuboDrive

14 Proper indentation

15 Proper indentation
 16 Proper indentation

17 Proper indentation
important to using coding standards
1 it is impossible to build a complex system without unification
2 Share your industry experience and project
3 Make the code look and behave in a uniform way
4 Use only the safest subnet of the C++ language
 Why a coding standard is necessary in a team

1Without an individual idea when a group idea collected there will be more efficient ideas and new invention
ideas will helpful to build the complex system.

2 If any emergency if the software was made by the individual that person is if not there as other developer, he
can’t understand what are the coding standard tools that used to create the software. Same while if a team
combines to create the software if one absents on their another can proceed the software when occur problems.

3 When a team gathers to create the software there can be uniform way of coding standards to create the
software so there can be no any problems in the software
Why a coding standard is necessary in an individual

Whenever changing idea while creating the software there can be the problems occurred sharing the ideas.

Individual can’t expresses own ideas while creating the software so the indecency will reduce.

When a team working together to create one software there can be complicity of coding standard and there can be
many ideas insert in the coding so there can’t identified the software problem when executing the software.

If an individual want to give his maximum to develop his software if he working in a team he can’t share his
ideas if others agents to his ideas.
Conclusions
According to the assignment brief this software has its advantages and disadvantages but it can help surely
with the record storage system.
I have implemented this software by using programming knowledge and I have
completed all the necessary information according to the given scenario. I have covered
all criteria, and completed the system as required.
References

techopedia.com, 2019 . Debugging. [Online]

Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/16373/debugging
[Accessed nov 08 2021].
Bishop.com, 2018. Robust . [Online]
Available at: http://nob.cs.ucdavis.edu/bishop/secprog/robust.html
[Accessed nov 10 2021]
Wpshot.com, paradigm [Online] Available at:-https://wpshout.com/development-paradigms-procedural-object-
oriented-functional/
[Accessed 26 nov 2021]

Robbell.com, Big-O Notation [Online]

Available at:https://rob-bell.net/2009/06/a-beginners-guide-to-big-o-notation/
[Accessed 27 nov 2021]

Chegg.com, algorithms [Online]

Available at;- https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/characteristics-good-algorithm-
precision-steps-precisely-stated-defined--uniqueness-result-q603838
[Accessed 02 Dec 2021]

Quora.com, procedural programing,[Online]

Available at;https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-relationships-between-programming-procedural-object-
oriented-and-event-driven-paradigms
[Accessed 05 Dec 2021]
Vantage.com, integrated development,[Online]
Available at: https://vantageonesoftware.com/reasons-integrated-development-environment/
[Accessed 06 Dec 2021]

Programing Paradigm, [Online]

Available at: https://www.cs.lmu.edu/~ray/notes/paradigms/
Accessed on 07 Dec 2021

Veracode.com ,Integrated development Environment, [Online]

https://www.veracode.com/security/integrated-development-environments
[Accessed on 07 Dec 2021]

basis.com , features of IDE, [Online]

Available at :http://documentation.basis.com/BASISHelp/WebHelp/ide2/ide_features_basis.htm
[Accessed on 07 Dec 2021]
Sam Travarca, IDE, [Online]

Available at: https://vantageonesoftware.com/reasons-integrated-development-environment/

Accessed on 07 Dec 2021