ANSC 107 1st Edition

Lecture
2
Outline of Last Lecture
I. Introductory to Animal Science

Outline of Current Lecture

II. General Terms

Current Lecture

Ad libitum- allowing animals to eat all they want at all times

Compensatory growth- increased growth rate in response to previous undernourishment

Calorie- the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 15 to
16 degrees C

Kilo calorie- equivalent to 1000 calories

Concentrate- A feed that is high in energy, low in fiber, content and highly digestible

TDN-Total digestible nutrients

-Includes total amounts of digestible protein, nitrogen-free extract, fiber, and fat
(multiplied by 2.25) all added together.

Roughage-feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy. Such as hay,
straw, silage, and pasture

Feeder-Animals that need no further feeding prior to slaughter

-Feeder pigs-very loud and smell bad

Fill-the contents of digestive tract

-Cannula-used to measure amount of fill in an animal

-In meat science industry-high fill=lower yield (less fill is best)

Carcass Merit-the value of a carcass for consumption

These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best
used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.
Dark Cutter-Color of the lean in the carcass. CAUSED BY LONGTERM STRESS

-Has a dark appearance usually caused by stress to the animal prior to slaughter

-High moisture content

Contemporary group- a set of animals of the same sex and breed that have been raised under
similar environmental and management conditions

Cull-to eliminate from the breeding population

-Due to sickness, genetic defect etc. * crucial to production

Fertility-The capacity to initiate, sustain and support reproduction

Libido-Sex drive of the male

Haploid-half the normal number of chromosomes found in sperm and ova

A.I.- Abbreviation for artificial insemination

E.T.- Abbreviation for embryo transfer

Clone-an individual grown from single somatic cell of its parent and genetically identical to it

-Reasons to clone-good animal, yield grade 2, high marbling

-Not practical-cost to high to clone

Estrus/ Heat- the period of mating activity in the female

Estrous- and adjective meaning “heat” that modifies such words as “cycle”. Estrous cycle is the
heat cycle or time from one hear period to the next

Estrus synchronization- controlling the estrous cycle so that a high percentage of the females in
the herd express estrus at the same time

-Used mostly in the dairy industry (Artificial insemination)

Gestation Period-Term of pregnancy****

Specie Gestation Period

Equine mare) 340 Days

Bovine (cow/heifer) 283 days

 Porcine (sow) 113 days

Ovine (sheep) 147 days

Caprine (goats) 147 days

Dystocia-difficult birth

Colostrum-the fist milk given by the female following delivery of her young. Contains high levels
of antibodies which are absorbed by the young for quick immunity

Lactation period- period that female produces milk

Dry-refers to a non-lactating female (mare, cow, ewe, sow)

Weaning-taking a young animal from is dam (mother)

Anestrous Period- the time when a female is not in estrus. The non-breading season

Open-refers to non-pregnant females

DHIA- Dairy Herd Improvement Association-dairy herds participate in keeping records

Scurs-small hornlike tissue attached to the skin of polled or dehorned animals

Castration-Removing the testicles

Spaying-The removal of the ovaries from the female reproductive tract

-Most often done in cats and dogs

Breed- animals having a common origin and characteristics that distinguish them from other
groups within the same species

Bovine-Refers to cattle

Equine-refers to horses

Porcine-refers to swine

Caprine-refers to goats

Ovine-refers to sheep
 Cattle Horses Swine Goats Sheep Cat Dogs Poultr
y

Male of Bull Stallion Boar Buck Ram Tom Dog Cock

Breeding
age

Mature Cow Mare Sow Doe Ewe Pussy Bitch Hen

female

Young Bullock Colt Shoat Buck Ram Kitten Puppy dog Chick
Male Kid Lamb

Young Heifer Filly Gilt Doe Ewe Gib Puppy Chick

Female Kid Lamb Bitch

Newborn Calf Foal Pig Kid Lamb Neuter Pup Chick

Unsexed Steer Gelding Barrow Wether Wether Bevy Castrate Capon

Male

Unsexed Spayed Spayed Spayed Spayed Spayed Neuter Spayed -------

Female

Groups Herd Herd Drove Band Flock --------- Pack Flock

Genus Bos Equus Sus Capra Ovis --------- Canis Gallus

Act of Servin Coverin Coupling Serving Tupping Mating Copulatin Mating

Breeding/ g g g

Mating

Act of Calving Fouling Farrowing Kidding Lambin Littering Whelping -------

Parturition g