is a very common type of

infection in your urinary system.

Urinary tract
A UTI can involve any part of
infection (UTI)
your urinary system, including
the urethra, ureters, bladder and
kidneys

TYPES OF INFECTION IN
URINARY SYSTEM
Female anatomy. A
woman has a shorter
urethra than a man does,
which shortens the
Urethritis Pyelonephritis Cystitis
distance that bacteria
must travel to reach the
bladder.

Urethritis is
inflammation of the
urethra and is a lower
urinary tract infection.
Common in
Women
Urethritis is
Generally, begins in
inflammation of the
your urethra or bladder
urethra and is a lower
and travels to one or
urinary tract infection.
both of your kidneys.

 Chills, fever, pain in your back, side, or groin.

 Nausea, vomiting.
 cloudy, dark, bloody, or foul-smelling urine.
Who is prone  frequent, painful urination.
to UTI?
 burning sensation while urinating.
 Itching or burning near the opening of the
penis
 presence of blood in the semen or urine.
 discharge from the penis.

Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli (UPEC) is
a leading cause of urinary
tract infections (UTIs).
Human body temperature
(37°C) has been shown to be
an important cue for
pathogenic bacteria, allowing
them to sense their entry into
the human host and respond
accordingly.

Infection elicits changes in the

thermoregulatory strategies of In hospitals UTIs are often
a host that occurs through the associated with catheters,
integration of signals from the as bacteria can form
immune, metabolic and neural biofilms in catheters and
systems to change the thermal more easily access the
regulatory set point and urinary tract.
change body temperature
(Kluger 1980).

END

REFERENCES
Mochrie, R., Louise, G. (2015) "Temperature regulation of biofilm formation in uropathogenic
Escherichia coli". Honors Project, Smith College, Northampton, MA.
https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/1582.
Palaferri Schieber, A.M., Ayres, J. A. (2016) Thermoregulation as a disease tolerance defense
strategy. 74(9): ftw106. doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftw106