𝗭𝗲𝗿𝗼 𝗟𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗱 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲: 𝗔 𝗦𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝘁𝗼 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is an advanced water treatment process designed to minimize or
completely eliminate the discharge of wastewater or liquid effluent from industrial processes. The
primary goal of ZLD systems is to recover and recycle as much water as possible, while also
concentrating the remaining waste into solid materials that can be properly disposed of or reused.
The Zero Liquid Discharge Systems size is projected to reach USD 9.9 billion by 2027 from USD 6.7
billion in 2022, at a CAGR of 8.2%.

𝘋𝘪𝘴𝘤𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘔𝘰𝘳𝘦; 𝘋𝘰𝘸𝘯𝘭𝘰𝘢𝘥 𝘗𝘋𝘍 𝘉𝘳𝘰𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘦: https://bit.ly/47LXWmv

The ZLD process generally involves the following steps:

● Pretreatment: The incoming wastewater undergoes pretreatment to remove large solids, oils, and
other contaminants that could interfere with subsequent processes.

● Evaporation: The pretreated wastewater is then subjected to evaporation processes, where heat is
applied to vaporize the water. This leads to the separation of water from dissolved solids and
contaminants. Various methods such as multiple-effect evaporators or mechanical vapor
compression may be used to achieve this step.

● Crystallization: The concentrated liquid from the evaporation step is further processed through
crystallization. By controlling the temperature and pressure conditions, the dissolved salts and
minerals in the concentrated liquid form solid crystals that can be separated from the remaining
liquid.

● Solid-Liquid Separation: The solid crystals are separated from the liquid portion. The solid
byproduct is typically a mixture of salts and minerals that can be disposed of in an environmentally
responsible manner or potentially reused in certain industries.
● Condensation and Recovery: The water vapor generated during the evaporation process is
condensed back into liquid water, which can be reused within the industrial process. This step helps
to maximize water recovery and minimize overall water consumption.

● Overall Recycle: The treated water from the condensation and recovery step, along with any
additional treatment if required, can be recycled back into the industrial process, reducing the need
for fresh water intake.