Professional Documents
Culture Documents
419 D 111 - dr1 Service Manual
419 D 111 - dr1 Service Manual
DR-1
www.bplmedicaltechnologies.com
1
DR-1
Caution
Use of accessories other than those recommended by BPL may compromise
product performance
Notice
The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
2
DR-1
Operating Manual
BPL DR-1
419-D-111
REV 1.0
This service manual has been compiled to the users of BPL DR-1 in installation, operation
and routine maintenance. Specifications and Operating Characteristics are subject to
change without notice for improvements.
Copyright:
11th KM,
Bannerghatta
Road, Arekere,
Bangalore - 560 076
3
DR-1
CONTENTS
Contents
CHAPTER 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 6
INTRODUCTION & SAFETY ............................................................................................................... 6
1.1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 SYMBOLS AND CONVENTIONS USED IN THE MANUAL ............................................. 7
1.3 SYMBOLS AND MARKINGS............................................................................................. 7
1.4 SAFETY HAZARDS............................................................................................................ 8
1.5 DEVICE IDENTIFICATION .............................................................................................. 11
CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 13
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................ 13
2.1 INTENDED USE .............................................................................................................. 13
2.2 USER QUALIFICATION AND USER’S RESPONSIBILITY ............................................... 13
2.3 INDICATIONS FOR USE ................................................................................................. 13
2.4 PRESCRIBED USES ........................................................................................................ 13
2.5 SYSTEM COMPONENTS & DESCRIPTION ................................................................... 14
CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 16
PRE-INSTALLATION ......................................................................................................................... 16
3.1 INFORMATION ON ROOM PLANNING......................................................................... 16
3.2 PACKAGING.................................................................................................................... 16
3.3 UNLOADING................................................................................................................... 16
3.4 UNPACKING THE UNIT .................................................................................................. 17
3.5 DEVICE STORAGE .......................................................................................................... 17
3.6 DISPOSAL ....................................................................................................................... 17
INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................................. 19
4.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................ 19
4.2 INSTALLTION PROCEDURE........................................................................................... 19
4.3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR DR ............................................................................... 46
4.4 DIGITAL DETECTOR ....................................................................................................... 46
4.5 SAFETY INFROMATION ................................................................................................. 72
CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................................... 75
INSPECTION PROCEDURES ............................................................................................................ 75
5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................... 75
5.2 VISUAL INSPECTION ..................................................................................................... 75
5.3 MECHANICAL INSPECTION .......................................................................................... 76
5.4 PERFORMANCE INSPECTION ....................................................................................... 76
4
DR-1
5.5 PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONAL TESTS ................................................................. 76
5.6 SAFETY TEST .................................................................................................................. 76
CHAPTER 6 ........................................................................................................................................ 78
SYSTEM OPERATION ....................................................................................................................... 78
6.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 78
6.2 PROGRAM START-UP .................................................................................................... 79
6.3 MAIN SCREEN PROGRAM ............................................................................................. 80
6.4 LIST ................................................................................................................................. 82
6.5 STUDYLIST...................................................................................................................... 90
6.6 EXAM............................................................................................................................. 102
6.7 TOOLBAR ...................................................................................................................... 104
6.8 PROJECTION LIST & IMAGE PROCESSING TAB ........................................................ 104
6.9 CONFIGURATION......................................................................................................... 105
CHAPTER 7 ......................................................................................................................................... 106
ROOM LAYOUT .............................................................................................................................. 106
7.1 ROOM LAYOUT FOR AN X-RAY INSTALLATION ....................................................... 106
7.2 SUGGESTED X-RAY ROOM LAYOUT .......................................................................... 107
7.3 RADIATION PROTECTION ACCESSORIES .................................................................. 107
CHAPTER 8 ......................................................................................................................................... 108
SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS .............................................................................................................. 108
8.1 PRECAUTIONS.............................................................................................................. 108
8.2 SERVICING ................................................................................................................... 109
8.3 MECHANICAL CHECKS AND ADUSTMENTS ............................................................. 112
8.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) ............................................................. 112
8.5 PROTECTION AGAINST IONIZING RADIATION ......................................................... 113
8.6 PRODUCT DISPOSAL INFORMATION ........................................................................ 113
CHAPTER 9 ......................................................................................................................................... 116
SPARE PARTS LIST ......................................................................................................................... 116
ONTE
5
DR-1
CHAPTER 1
This manual contain instructions necessary to operate the DR-1 safely and effectively, in
accordance with its intended use. Read this manual thoroughly before using for any clinical
applications. Retain the manual for future reference.
Observe all CAUTIONS and WARNINGS provided on the equipment, accessories and those
provided in this manual.
1.1 OVERVIEW
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Temperature: 10o to 40o C
Humidity: 30 to 75 %
Operating Conditions
Atmospheric pressure range: 500 to 1060 hPa
(375 to 795 mm Hg)
6
DR-1
ACCESSORIES
Lead Apron (Optional)
Accessories
Thyroid Collars (Optional)
This section describes labels and symbols that are located on your DR-1 and that are not
described elsewhere. Two types of labels are described: warning labels and regulatory
certification labels. Warning labels define potential hazards and advise against misuse that
might result in personal injury. Familiarize yourself with these labels and their meanings in
order to ensure a safe environment for both the patient and yourself. Regulatory labels
indicate that the system meets the requirements of specific governmental, medical and
industrial organizations.
Symbols are provided to visually represent concepts such as locked and unlocked brake.
Recyclable
Fragile
This way up
7
DR-1
Serial number
Please read and follow all WARNINGS, CAUTIONS and NOTES provided in this manual. To
avoid the possibility of injury, damage to the product or loss of data, observe these safety
precautions while operating the system.
System nameplate/rating label indicates manufacturer information and input power requirements.
Potential hazards exist in the use of medical electronic devices and X-Ray Systems. Operators
using the equipment should understand the safety issues and the operating instructions
provided.
The following pages describe hazardous and potentially hazardous conditions, and how to
adequately protect yourself and other from possible injuries.
1.4.1 BURNS
Continuous Radio exposure may cause the X-Ray Tube housing to reach temperatures
capable of inflicting burns. Do not touch the housing or place the X-Ray Tube housing near
Patients.
CAUTION : Placing a hot X-Ray Tube housing in close proximity to human anatomy could result in
serious burns.
NOTE : When X-Ray Tube housing is draped, heat will not dissipate efficiently
8
DR-1
1.4.2 ELECTRICAL SHOCK
Observe the following safety procedures to avoid electric shock or serious injury to operators
and patients and to avoid system malfunction:
Make all electrical connections with equipment while outside the patient
environment. Do not touch a connector and the patient at the same time.
Do not remove any of the assembly covers. Only trained service representatives
should perform repairs.
Do not place food or beverage containers on any part of the equipment. They can tip
over and introduce conductive substances into the electrical circuitry.
Always remove power to the X-Ray before cleaning. Use a slightly damp cloth or
sponge for cleaning.
WARNING: The X-Ray generator, PC and Detector are not waterproof. Water, soap or
other liquids, if allowed to drip into the equipment, can cause electrical short circuits
leading to electric shock and fire hazards. If liquids accidentally spill in to the system,
DO NOT apply power or turns the system on until the liquids have dried or evaporated
completely.
WARNING: Electrical circuits inside the equipment use voltages which are capable of
causing serious injury or death from electric shock. To avoid this hazard, never remove
any of the cabinet covers.
NOTE: Certain components within the system produce high voltages which can be
potentially hazardous. To avoid this hazard, only qualified service engineers are
allowed.
1. SWITCH OFF:
If this is not possible, PROTECT YOURSELF with dry insulating material and pull the victim
clear off the conductor. DO NOT TOUCH THE VICTIM WITH YOUR BARE HANDS until he is clear
off the conductor, but DO NOT WASTE TIME.
3. If the jaw is rigid, try to force the mouth open by pressure on the gum behind the last molar
tooth of the lower jaw. When the upper air passages are cleared, tilt the head backward and
force the jaw forwards from the angles of the jaw in front of the ears.
This would prevent mechanical obstructions to the upper air passages.
4.(a) Then hold the chin up and forward with one hand and pinch the nostrils of the victim
9
DR-1
with the other.
(b) Take a very deep breath and apply your mouth to that of the victim and blow into his
mouth, until the chest of the victim moves up indicating filling of the lungs (NEVER ALLOW
THE CHIN TO SAG).When the chest has moved up, withdraw your mouth and allow the chest
to sink back
REPEAT this process every three to four seconds until the victim begins to breathe again or
until he is taken over by a medical attendant. This method can be continued in an ambulance
during transit of the patient from the site of accident to the nearest medical centre.
General Protection
WARNING: This equipment produces ionizing radiation for medical imaging purposes.
Observe proper safety practices during operation.
The owner must designate areas suitable for safe operation and service of the system and
ensure that it is used only in these designated areas. It is the responsibility of the owner to
ensure that all personnel wear protective clothing and radiation protection devices while
using this system.
NOTE: Refer to Alarm Section for information about the frequency(pitch) of the alarm
indication.
It is assumed by the manufacturer and distributors of this equipment that all persons
responsible for the operation of this equipment are aware of danger of excessive exposure
to X-Radiation and this equipment is sold with the understanding that BPLMTPL -their agents
and representatives have no responsibility for injury of damage which may result from
exposure to X-Radiation.
X-Ray equipment, if not properly used, may cause injury. Accordingly, the instructions herein
contained should be thoroughly read and understood before you attempt to place the
equipment in operation. The BPLMTPL X - Ray Division will be glad to assist and co-operate in
placing this equipment to use.
Although this apparatus incorporates a high degree of protection against X-Radiation other
than the useful beam, no practical design of equipment can provide complete protection, nor
can any practical design compel the operator or his assistant to take adequate precautions or
prevent the possibility of authorized or un-authorized person carelessly, unwisely, or
unknowingly, exposing themselves or others to director secondary radiation.
It is important that everyone having anything to do with X-Radiation be fully acquainted with
the recommendation of the Director of Radiation Protection of BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH
10
DR-1
CENTRE(B.A.R.C) and of the International Commission on Radiation Protection and takes
adequate steps to ensure protection. Reference may please be made to AERB Safety Code:
AERB/SC/MED-2(REV-1) for Radiation Protection.
It is not possible to quantify the radiation received by hands which are 50 times less sensitive
than rest of the body. Undue fear of radiation should not hold back medical care.
Use equipment certified safe by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)
Maintain equipment in optimal working condition
Use good quality radiation protection devices certified by the AERB
Use radiation only when required
Use it as sparingly as possible
Stand as far away from the primary beam as possible.
Do not attempt to operate the equipment until it has been checked by a qualified service
engineer.
If any of the controls fail to respond as indicated in this manual, the operator should:
Remove power by unplugging the power cord from the AC receptacle.
Notify a qualified service engineer.
Do not operate the system until the service technician advises that it is operating.
Every device has a unique serial number for identification. The serial number appears on the
device label. The year and month of manufacture can be identified from the serial number
11
DR-1
information as depicted below:
Example Serial Number: LNMA0F1024
LN M A 0 F 1 0 24
A B c D
b: Year manufactured
1 – 2011 2 – 2012 3 – 2013
c: Month manufactured
A- January E- May I- September
B- February F- June J- October
C- March G- July K- November
D- April H- August L- December
d: Serial Number
12
CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
This equipment is to be used in radiography applications for the diagnostic purpose and to be
performed by authorized medical professionals. This equipment is to be used only by Authorized
personnel. Its unauthorized use can cause injury to patient or damage to both patient and machine.
Good judgment should be used when operating the system. It is not intended to be used by challenged
(mentally/physically) people.
It must be operated exclusively by qualified, trained personnel who are aware of the risks linked to the
use of ionizing radiation.
The system does not belong to the category of equipment designed for continuous operation.
The system is not used in contact with the patient; however, accidental contact of some unit
parts with the patient and the operator is possible.
Contact with the operator is strictly for reasons linked to the use of the equipment (normal
operation).
The unit is suitable to be used in Medical labs, Nursing Homes, Hospitals etc.
It provides ease of operation with simple controls. In all procedures, a proper sequence of operation is
required. The user will become familiar with these controls by studying this Service Manual. It is
recommended to study this service manual before operating the equipment and operating directions
be followed carefully.
This equipment fulfils the requirements of Radiologists & Physicians, Surgeons & Technologists with
quality X- Rays.
These machines are best suited for chest, extremities, skull, and abdomen and pelvic for all routine &
special radiographic.
X-Ray generator with floor to ceiling stand, Digital Bucky Stand and Mobilio table makes an ideal
combination for all possible radiographic applications offering ease of patient positioning specially in
trauma cases.
13
2.5 SYSTEM COMPONENTS & DESCRIPTION
The brief description of various Assemblies is mentioned below:
Regulation: ±1%
The wiring Electrician must ensure that at the power socket, the right pin socket is
connected to phase (line) & left pin socket to neutral. With a multi meter, the following
should also be checked.
- Voltage between Phase& Neutral =230 VAC
EARTHING: It is strongly recommended that independent Earthing(at zero potential) is available in the power socket
in the O.T. where the machine is to be installed. Proper Earthing not only enhances the performance & reliability
of the equipment, it is safe for the operating staff as well.
14
Figure: Overall System Image
15
CHAPTER 3
PRE-INSTALLATION
This section guides the user through the Pre Installation requirements for the DR-1.
During Transport and storage of the product the ambient temperature should not be below -15° C or
rise above +45°C. Storage is permissible in rooms with minimum amount of dust and Humidity in
range of 30% to 95% RH provided no condensation occurs.
3.2 PACKAGING
The DR-1 unit is delivered as follows
Generator with console, hand switch and console to generator cable in one box.
The Service Manual is packed along with the unit. The device should be safely transported post
packaging.
3.3 UNLOADING
The unloading of the unit from the truck can be carried out using any of the following ways depending
on the site conditions:
Using a forklift.
Using an overhead travelling crane.
Using a chain pulley block and tripod.
Using conventional ways i.e. Using wedges, wooden planks, pipes or rods and labour etc.
16
Do not roll the box.
Do not drop the box from a height of more than 20cms.
Observe the stickers (This side up) and (handle with care)on the Packing for proper handling.
Once the unit is removed from the transport vehicle, place it on the ground on the base.
The HRAD 32 consists of fragile components like X-ray Tube, Generator, etc. Sufficient care must be
taken while unloading/unpacking the unit.
Remove the restraining strips by cutting it. Use a cuttingplier for this purpose.
Start removing the wooden planks. For this purpose the service engineer should use a claw
hammer or nail pulling plier and preferably a crowbar.
First of all remove the top planks. Upon opening this plank you will be able to see the unit
inside. Ensure that there are no transit damages.
Unpack the unit carefully and bring out from the base of the box.
Move the unit to X – Ray room
Periodic maintenance and testing of DR-1 will help in detecting and preventing possible electrical and
mechanical failures.
3.6 DISPOSAL
BPLMTPL produces radiological systems that are advanced in terms of safety and environmental
protection. Assuming that the unit is properly used, there is no risk to people or the environment.
For this reason, the unit may not be disposed of along with industrial or domestic
waste and must be regarded as hazardous waste.
17
This symbol indicates that the waste of electrical and electronic equipment must not be
disposed as unsorted municipal waste and must be collected separately.
The abusive disposal of the product from the user implies the application of
administrative sanctions according to the Standards in force of the unit installation
country.
For information concerning the dismantling modes of the units out of use, stick to the
local provisions or contact a representative authorized by the manufacturer.
18
CHAPTER 4
INSTALLATION
4.1 GENERAL
It shall be the duty of the installation personnel and the user to ensure that all the safety measures
concerning the unit operation and installation are adhered to.
The unit must be checked for the status of its safety measures at least every year or anytime desired by
the user, not exceeding one year.
If there are any special regulations of the hospital/institute, to be followed over and above the general
safety regulations pertaining to the installation, the same must be ensured.
Before commencing the operation, the user must convince him/her regarding all safety aspects and their
proper functioning. He should also as certain that all displays and indicators are functioning as described.
Any change/or replacement in the unit must be carried out by the manufacturer or a person authorized
by manufacturer ONLY.
2. Remove all the wrapped bubble sheet and stretch film from the unit
3. Place the floor rail assembly on the floor as shown Fig 4.2.1.2
19
Fig 4.2.1.1
Fig 4.2.1.2
4.0 Remove and keep M8x20 Allen SOKT HD SS screw (8 Nos) and M8 Washer SS (8 Nos) as shown in
Fig 4.2.1.3
Fig 4.2.1.3
5. Shake the Carriage assembly by hand. Check the unit whether it is shaking or not. If shaking follow
item # 6. Else skip this.
20
Fig 4.2.1.4
6. If Shaking, Adjust the cam shaft using M6 Nut driver and 17” Size spanner and tighen the nut
where the gap is presented. Move the carriage on the rail for free movement. If needed loose and
tight again. (Maintain center for eyesight as shown in the Fig 4.2.1.6)
Fig 4.2.1.5
Fig 4.2.1.6
8. Remove all the wrapped bubble sheet and stretch film from the unit
21
Fig 4.2.1.7
Fig 4.2.1.8
10. Shake the Carriage assembly by hand. Check the unit whether it is shaking or not. If shaking follow
item # 11. Else skip this.
Fig 4.2.1.9
11. If Shaking, Adjust the cam shaft using M6 Nut driver and 17” Size spanner and tighten the nut
where the gap is presented. Move the carriage on the rail for free movement. If needed loose and
tight again. (Maintain center for eyesight as shown in the Fig 4.2.1.11)
22
Fig 4.2.1.10
Fig 4.2.1.11
12. Remove the CAP by removing M5x8 Allen SOKT DOME HD SS screw (4 Nos)
23
Fig 4.2.1.12
Fig 4.2.1.13
Fig 4.2.1.14
24
16. Move the carriage to end position
17. Insert and Assemble the Rope as shown. For Tighten Rope fasteners use 24” Size Spanner.
Fig 4.2.1.15
Fig 4.2.1.16
19. Assemble the Pulley collar (2 Nos) and M8x35 Allen CSK HD SS (6 Nos) as shown.
25
Fig 4.2.1.17
20. Rotate the vertical column as shown direction to move the counter weight inside
Fig 4.2.1.18
21. Make sure vertical carriage touches the stopper as shown before lifting the item.
Fig 4.2.1.19
26
22. Assemble the CAP as shown
Fig 4.2.1.20
23. Place the vertical column on floor rail assembly as shown direction (Fig 4.2.1.21; Fig 4.2.1.22; Fig
4.2.1.23)
Fig 4.2.1.21
27
Fig 4.2.1.22 & Fig 4.2.1.23
24. Assemble the Vertical column post and floor rail assembly by M8x20 Allen SOKT HD SS (8 Nos)
and M8 SS Washer (8 Nos)
Fig 4.2.1.24
26. Remove all the wrapped bubble sheet and stretch film from the unit.
28
27. Open the Top cover by removing M5x8 Allen SOKT DOME HD SS (6 Nos)
Fig 4.2.1.25
28. Slide and remove the grid tray from the Bucky
Fig 4.2.1.26
29. Assemble the Grid (10:1 JPI Grid) to grid tray as shown.
Fig 4.2.1.27
30. Remove the Detector holder bracket by removing M5x8 Allen SOKT DOME HD SS screw (6 Nos)
29
Fig 4.2.1.28
31. Remove the cable management bracket by removing M5x16 Allen SOKT DOME HD SS (2 Nos)
Fig 4.2.1.29
Fig 4.2.1.30
33. Pull the cable and assemble the cable management bracket.
30
Fig 4.2.1.31
Fig 4.2.1.32
35. Check the Detector LED status by connecting to the workstation. 3 LED’s glowing green color; then
go-ahead for next assembly.
31
Fig 4.2.1.33
Fig 4.2.1.34
32
Fig 4.2.1.35
39. Remove the Bucky stopper (2Nos) and M5x20 Allen SOKT HD SS (2 Nos)
Fig 4.2.1.36
40. Remove the Detector lock cover and M5x8 Allen SOKT HD SS (2 Nos)
33
Fig 4.2.1.37
41. Pulldown the carriage and slide the Detector Bucky as shown.
Fig 4.2.1.38
34
Fig 4.2.1.39
Fig 4.2.1.40
35
Fig 4.2.1.41
44. Inert the detector cable into PG21 conduit grey (5 Meter) and route the cable as shown.
Fig 4.2.1.42
36
Fig 4.2.1.43
1. 1 Move and place the Bucky stand unit (center to center ~400 mm)
Fig 4.2.2.1
1.2. Move and check the Digital Floor to ceiling stand tube center to detector stand center
alignment
1.3. Grout the Bucky stand using M8x50 Sleeve type (12 Nos)
37
Fig 4.2.2.2
2.1 In digital Floor to ceiling stand – Remove M4 Screw and washer from carriage as shown
(Fig 4.2.2.3)
Fig 4.2.2.3
38
Fig 4.2.2.4
2.3 Fix the cable routing block base on wall as shown direction –Fig 4.2.2.5 (Location-Choose per
room layout back side of the Digital Floor to Ceiling Stand Fig 4.2.2.6)
Fig 4.2.2.5
2.4 Assemble Cable routing top (4 Nos) with M5x35 Allen SOKT HD SS Screw (4 Nos)
2.5 Follow below steps for cable routing (Fig 4.2.2.7 & Fig 4.2.28)
39
Fig 4.2.2.6
Fig 4.2.2.7
40
Fig 4.2.2.8
3.1 Position and stack the Serial # label of Digital Floor to ceiling stand at appropriate location (Fig
4.2.2.9)
Fig 4.2.2.9
41
3.2 Position and stack the lock label
Fig 4.2.2.10
Fig 4.2.2.11
42
Fig 4.2.2.12
1. Assemble LHS frame Assy, RHS frame Assy and Mid frame weld Assy M8*25 Allen CSK as shown
below.
2. Assemble the Top frame Assy. on to it using M8*65 Allen CSK screws.
43
3. Assemble Mobile Laminate sheet and Side cover on this assembly with M5*16 Allen CSK.
4. Fix the Mobile Extruded Channel on both sides of the Sheet as shown below and put M5*16 Allen
CSK & M5*16 Allen Dome screws.
44
5. Fix the LABEL CHANNEL WELDMENT ASSY with M5x25 Allen socket head screw and M5 spring
washer. Also assemble 21 SERIES-4"-PU-NO BRAKE WHEEL and 21 SERIES-4"-PU-SIDE LOCK
BRAKE WHEEL.
45
SL No, label
The table provides the minimum recommended specifications for the operating system that runs
Econsole1. All specifications are subject to change without notice.
*Optimal performance is not guaranteed for PC that does not comply with the recommended
specifications.
4.4 DIGITAL DETECTOR
Econsole1 is a complete digital image processing console software specialized for the digital X-ray
detector. EConsole1 provides the best image processing solution for fine-tuned quality images by
integrating with the X-ray generator and the digital detector. EConsole1 not only processes the acquired
images but also complies with DICOM standards which allow the user to transmit and receive data with
the PACS system and print images through the DICOM printer.
46
Econsole1 Image processing workflow (Wireless Detector)
4.4.1 Econsole1 Configuration
Configure the user settings of EConsole1.
Administrator privileges are required for configuration.
Contents of configurations are saved and applied immediately following any changes made.
Categories of Configuration are as noted in the Table.
Configuration Category
Category Description
47
4.4.2 Display
Display Configuration
Option Description
1 Monitor
Dual Monitors
Unstable option
Caution!
4.4.3 System
Perform configurations affecting the overall EConsole1.
Subcategory Description
Language Select system language
Date Select date notation
Institution Enter the information of the institution using the EConsole1
48
4.4.4 Language
Language Configuration
DICOM character set is defined separately from system language. It is set by the language Note
that was chosen when installing the program.
4.4.6 Institution
Institution configuration
Input the hospital/institution information using the EConsole1.
50
Hospital
Hospital Name
Department
Department name of the hospital.
4.4.7 Options
Option configuration
Auto Start
If checked, EConsole1 will automatically start when Windows starts.
Not available on Win8.
Virtual Keyboard
If checked, virtual keyboard will be available for use.
Auto Update
Internet connection is required.
If checked, EConsole1 will be automatically updated when a new version is released.
4.4.8 Workflow
4.4.9 Image
Allow configuration relevant to examined images.
51
Subcategories Description
Image Folder Set the location to save the images.
Delete Option Set delete options for image files.
Overlay Set overlay on the images.
Import Import images to the Studylist.
Truview ART Enable or disable the Truview ART feature
4.4.10 Image Folder
Use Password
If checked, deletion of image requires a password.
52
Use Reject Code
If checked, a reject code (reason for deletion) is required whenever attempting to delete an
image file.
② Reject Code
Overlay configuration
Edit types of overlay to be displayed on the top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right of
the images.
The editing method is the same while the displaying locations differ.
Edit Overlay
② Edit Icon
Overlay Option
The selected overlay is added after entering the size and clicking [OK].
The Texts that have already been registered will be displayed in black.
54
4.4.13 Import
Details Description
Delete configuration
① Storage Delete
The [Delete] Icon deletes all images stored in the Local Storage.
Only one of the two auto-deleting methods, “Disk Size” and “Period”, may be selected at a
time.
Warning!
4.4.17 Back up
Compress and back-up the images stored in Local Storage
56
Backup configuration
① Database Backup Configuration
② Automatic Backup
57
User account configuration
58
Dataset configuration
① DICOM Header Item Configuration
Delete the unnecessary entries defined in the existing DICOM Header Format (Full List).
CR and DR are separately applied.
Delete
Delete the selected entry.
Reset
Initialize the entry list back to Full List.
② Image format
59
4.4.22 Local
Configure the network information of the PC (or Work Station) currently operating EConsole1.
② Option
Time-out
Response standby time with the server.
It is regarded as connection failure if the server is unresponsive for the set period of time.
Query
Decide whether you want to perform the refresh automatically or manually.
Interval
Refresh is performed automatically every input interval.
③ Query
Decide which item to use for the condition to load the Worklist
Type
Modality Query Base: Invokes the Worklist only in terms of duration and modality.
Patient Query Base: The Worklist is loaded in addition to the items set as Base in the Period
and Modality types.
Base
Perform a Patient Query Base with the set items.
④ Modality
Specify the format of the date to be used for the condition in which the Work list is to be
loaded.
4.4.24 PACS
Configure the Storage Server (PACS).
61
Storage configuration
1) Storage
More than one PACS server can be selected at a time.
Test
Verify the connection with the selected server.
Delete
Delete the selected server from the list.
Add
Add an access server.
Edit
Edit the selected server information.
2) Option
Time-out
Response standby time with the server.
It is regarded as connection failure if the server is unresponsive for the set period of time.
4.4.25 Printer
Printer configuration
62
Add a printer.
Edit
Edit the selected printer information.
Delete
Delete the selected printer from the list.
Test
Verify the connection with the selected printer.
② Option
Restrict the response time by the Printer.
③ Medium Type
Select the type of film. (Clear Film / Blue Film)
④ Border
Set the color of the border line. (Black / White).
⑤ Smoothing
Apply a ‘Smoothing’ effect. (Medium / Sharp / Smooth)
⑥ Magnification
Set the Magnification.
⑦ Density
Adjust the Gary-Level Scale.
⑧ Printer DPI
Select the resolution of the printer.
⑨ Overlay information
Select the additional annotation information added on the film.
The following pop-up window in Figure appears when clicking the [Edit] icon.
Instructions for use are identical with the overlay configuration of the image.
Refer to section Overlay for more details
63
4.4.26 MPPS
Modality Performed Procedure Step
② Option
Station AE Title
Inner Name of MPPS Server
Time-out
Response standby time with the server.
It is regarded as connection failure if the server is unresponsive for the set period of time.
4.4.27 Detector
Detector related configurations.
Run Calibration Tool and Terminal Console programs.
Subcategory Description
General Register and edit the model of panel (detector) being used. Execute detector
software, ECali1 (or Caliview) and Terminal Emulator.
64
4.4.28 General
Register and edit the panel (detector) to be used.
Execute calibration software, ECali1 (or Caliview) and Terminal Emulator.
General configuration
② ECali1
Press [Run] icon to execute the ECali1 (or Caliview) program.
4.4.29 Detailed configuration by Panel
Perform detailed configuration for each panel (detector).
A menu such as ‘Panel A’ and ‘Panel B’ are generated in accordance with the number
of panels registered in ‘General’.
65
Detector detailed configuration screen
① Receptor
Set which Receptor type the detector will utilize.
Stand, Table and Wireless mode are available. Wireless Mode is only available for wireless
detectors.
② Model
Model types of the detector.
Automatically set by the value registered in ‘General’ tab.
③ Serial Number
Enter the serial number of the Detector.
④ Grid Configuration
Grid Type: Select type of grid.
Line / Inch: Enter the line/inch value of the grid.
Angle: Enter the angle value of the grid.
The information about the Grid that has been set in Ecali (Grid sensitivity, Offset, etc.) can be
checked.
4.4.30 RIS code
RIS (Radiology Information System) Code is a collection of projections.
It regulates contents in areas. For example, “A, B, C regions are to be imaged for RIS Codes for
certain cancers.”
It allows the rearrangement of sequence of projections.
66
RIS code configuration
RIS Coode Import from Excel
Add the RIS Code value from an Excel file.
Duplicate code values are overwritten with contents of the Excel file.
(It overwrites the existing data).
Note
Delete
Delete the selected RIS Code.
Deletion of information part of the Code is executed by using the [Edit] icon.
Edit
Manage the information, such as detailed projection information and imaging
environment, of the RIS Code.
Refer to section Edit RIS Code for more details.
Edit RIS Code window
67
RIS code list management icon
Icon Description
Edit the code and description of the RIS Code selected from the list with
the information entered in the text box below the icon.
[Editing Sequence]
1) Select the code to be edited from the list.
Edit 2) Enter in new information in the textbox below the icon.
3) Click the [Edit] icon.
Add the RIS Code with the information entered into the textbox below
the icon.
[Adding Sequence]
Add 1) Enter new information in the textbox below the icon.
2) Click
Delete theCode
the RIS [Add]selected
icon. from the list.
[Deleting Sequence]
1) Select the code to be deleted from the list.
Delete 2) Click the [Delete] icon.
Move up
Move down
68
Set the density.
SID
Set the distance between the Detector and X-ray Tube.
kVp, mA, mAs (mSec)
Set the Generator condition.
Parameter
Locate the parameter file of the image processing which will be applied after talking
image.
Rotation
Set the rotation rate of the image.
Flip H, Flip V
Select whether to flip the image horizontally or vertically.
Shutter
Select the ROI Size.
Marker
Set and manage the marker, which will be automatically inserted in the image.
Descriptions regarding the Marker Icon are as noted in table.
Marker icon
Icon Description
69
Add marker window
Location
Select the location for the marker to appear on the image
Text
Select the type of Marker
In addition to the texts provided by default, random texts can be used as a marker
User registered markers can be selected from the list
The Marker list window can be edited by using the [Add] Icon and [Delete] Icon
4.4.32 Projection editor
Manage the Projection type
70
4.4.33 Projection editor window
Projection configuration
Manage the Projection list
Refer to Table for instructions of each icon
Move up
③ Position
Position configuration
Manage the Projection list
Refer to table for instructions concerning each icon.
④ Imaging Environment
Set the appropriate imaging environment for the selected projection
Detailed information concerning the Imaging Environment Configuration is identical to the
Imaging Environment Configuration of the ‘RIS Code Edit Window’.
Refer to ③Imaging Environment Configuration. Edit RIS Code Window.
The unit must be checked for the status of its safety measures at least every year or any time desired
72
by the user, not exceeding one year.
However, we recommend in the interest of the safety of the patient, the user, and other personnel
to have a yearly drill on operational safety.
If there are any special regulations of the hospital/institute, to be followed over and above the
general safety regulations pertaining to the installation, the same must be ensured.
Before commencing the operation, the user must convince him/her regarding all safety aspects and
their proper functioning. He should also ascertain that all displays and indicators are functioning as
described.
Any change/or replacement in the unit must be carried out by the manufacturer or a person
authorized by manufacturer ONLY. The record of such work must be maintained clearly at the site.
Before opening/closing the covers ensure that the mains is switched off and the
plug is removed from the socket.
Ensure that the protective earth connections of the sub-assemblies are properly
Warning!
connected.
73
4.5.2.4 Radiation Protection:
Do not put any part of your body in the direct line of radiation.
Collimate the X-ray beam.
WARNING Keep the objects being radiographed in the maximum possible
distance, for this make the best use of metre of recoilable exposure
release switch.
In the room, wear protective clothing(lead Apron).Monitor radiation
received using the personal TLD – badges.
74
CHAPTER 5
INSPECTION PROCEDURES
5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
X-ray equipment shall be so formed and assembled that it shall have the strength and rigidity necessary
to resist the abuses to which it is liable to be subjected without increasing its fire hazard due to total
or partial collapse with resulting reduction of spacing, loosening or displacement of parts or other
series defects.
All the parts of DR-1 are fabricated by using MS sheets with appropriate thickness. This ensures that
the strength of all the parts are strong and rigid enough to resist the abuses and will not increase the
risk of hazards.
b. All the Surfaces of the Digital Bucky stand and mobile table should be scratch free and mark
free.
c. In the packed units, ensure whether all the accessories as listed in the user’s manual are
available.
75
5.3 MECHANICAL INSPECTION
a. Check the balancing of the Digital Bucky Stand by placing detector and grid in the Bucky.
b. Also check verify the Vertical and Horizontal travel distance.
a. Refer to the document “Unit Alignment and Test Procedure” (Doc. No. 419-D-004 Rev 1.0) and
perform all the tests as detailed therein.
5.6 SAFETY TEST
76
a. Do the safety tests as given in the document “Unit Alignment and Test Procedure” (Doc. No. 419-D-
004 Rev 1.0) and confirm whether the unit meets the given specifications.
The machine is ready for packing and shipping after completing all the above mentioned inspections.
SHIPPING CONDITION
Dismantle and pack the Column and Table as per the packing instructions and keep the accessories
inside the box if any.
77
CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM OPERATION
The operating procedure for the X–Ray generators are explained in the respective User manual.
Appropriate section of the User Manual may be referred depending upon the requirement. Before
attempting to make an exposure, it is assumed that the following steps have already been completed:
Switch ON the power supply for the PC and SSU (System Synchronizing Unit).
Open the EConsole1 Application software from the PC.
Verify the communication between PC and Detector.
Align the Detector Bucky to the Patient part to be taken the X-Ray by moving the Digital Bucky
Stand horizontally and vertically.
Adjust the X-ray exposure area by aligning the Collimator.
Give the exposure.
The captured image will be transferred from Detector to PC and can be processed as required.
6.1 OVERVIEW
The DR-1 has configured with only one detector, hence the name DR-1. The software used to control
and monitor the Detector is EConsole1. EConsole1 is a complete digital image processing console
software specialized for the digital X-ray detector. EConsole1 provides the best image processing
solution for fine-tuned quality images by integrating with the X-ray generator and the digital detector.
EConsole1 not only processes the acquired images but also complies with DICOM standards which
allow the user to transmit and receive data with the PACS system and print images through the DICOM
printer.
The detectors can be either Wired or Wireless. Figures below show the work flow diagrams of Detector
and Image processing systems.
78
Econsole1 Image Processing Workflow (Wireless Detector)
Login Window
79
Enter the ID and Password, and click the [Login] icon.
80
6.3.2 Status Display
Status display bar can be found on the bottom in the main screen.
Display the status of hardware and the connection status between equipment.
Display the connection status and the available space left on the currently connected
HDD.
The displayed number indicates the remaining HDD capacity
Display the connection status with the Storage Server. Display the connection status
with the Storage Server
81
Display the connection status with the DICOM Printer.
Display the connection status with the Modality Work list Server.
EVS3643
Display the signal strength of the wirelessly connected detector.
6.4 LIST
The List tab displays the lists of patients and studies, which can be divided into two categories as
described below:
Worklist Screen
① List of Patients
83
DR-1
Search Bar
Search the entered value such as Patient, ID, Name, and Access Number in the Worklist
(when ‘Modality Query Base’ is selected in Configuration options)
Search the entered value in the Worklist server that has selected the entered value as
Base. (when ‘Patient Query Base’ is selected in Configuration options)
If you click the [Search] icon after entering the value to be
84
DR-1
④Exam
Switch to the Exam tab for examination of the selected patient
85
DR-1
An ‘Add Examination Window’ appears when clicking the icon as shown in figure below
① Patient Information
Patient information is entered according to the category described in the below table;
② Emergency
When clicking this icon, the default values are automatically entered as ID and Accession
Number and it switches to the Exam tab.
86
DR-1
③ Projection Information
④ Edit
⑤ OK
Save the patient with the entered information and close the window
⑥ Exam
Save the patient with the entered information and directly switch to the Exam tab
for examination.
⑦ Cancel
Cancel the work and close the window.
① Anatomy Information
87
DR-1
③ Add
RegisterthecurrentlysetProjection,Position,andReceptorTypeinformation.
The currently set Projection, Position and Receptor Type are also registered when
clicking the selected Position.
UP DOWN
⑥ Delete
⑦ OK
⑧ Cancel
88
DR-1
① Study Information
Edit the information of the radiographer(s) and the patient(s).
The study information described in [Table 5] below is entered.
Category DETAILS
ID Patient ID
Name Patient Name
Accession Number Registered Identification Number
Operator Radiographer Name
Study Description Study Description
Sex Sex of the Patient
Birth Date Date of Birth of the Patient
Age Age of the Patient (Year/Month Selection Available)
② OK
③ Cancel
89
DR-1
② Limitation
You can select the patient’s sex among the 'M', 'F', and 'U'.
The format of Birth Date and Study Date is 'MM/DD/YYYY'. Any other format is not
provided.
The format of Birth Time and Study Time is 'HH:MM:SS'. Any other format is not
provided.
③ Excel import
6.5 STUDYLIST
Display the examined study list. When clicking the [Study List] icon on the upper side
of the screen, the study list will be activated.
6.5.1 Main Screen of the Studylist
The main screen of the Studylist is displayed as shown below.
90
DR-1
multiple studies.
The column of the list can be changed by dragging the names of the
categories (e.g. ID, Name, and etc.).
Height of the list is adjustable using [Ctrl key] + Mouse wheel or using [Ctrl key] +
[Arrow key].
Types of information are as noted in the below table
Information Types of Patient
Category Description
Name Patient name
ID Patient ID
Sex Sex of the patient
D.O.B. Date of Birth
Date/Time Date / time for recent examined study
Patient Selection
Patient can be selected by left-clicking..
The selected patient is highlighted in blue. In the ‘① Examined Patient List’ and ‘②
Examined Study List per Patient’, an activated study is highlighted in darker color, while an
inactivated study is highlighted in lighter color.
The selected patients can be edited or deleted.
Display detailed study information of the selected patient on ‘① List of the Examined
Types of information are as noted in table below;
Items Description
Accession Number
Acc. No.
91
DR-1
③ Thumbnail
Search Bar
Search the values of Patient ID, Name, and Access Number within the Studylist.
If you click the search icon after entering the value to be searched, only the
relevant works will be displayed on the list.
Refresh Icon
Renew the list to show the latest results.
⑤ Tool Icons
Open Study
Repeat Exam
Merge
92
DR-1
Stores images on a USB, CD, or DVD, and print through the DICOM
Printer.
Export
Edit
Report
Statistics
⑥ Send
93
DR-1
94
DR-1
① Print Setting
Printer Selection
Select a DICOM Printer.
Register the Printer using 'Config'-'Network'-'Printer' menu.
Film Orientation
Select a film orientation between portrait/landscape.
Film Size
Select the size of the film.
Layout
Set the print layout.
The [Divide] icon must be clicked in order to apply any changes made in the layout
Zoom
Perform zoom in/out of the image.
② Preview
Thumbnail
The image to be printed appears in the thumbnail list on the right.
Preview
If an image is selected in the thumbnail, a large image appears in the center as a
preview screen.
Merge
Merge the divided screen which has been separated by the ‘Divide‘ function.
Only adjacent screens of the same sizes can be merged
The merged shape must be a square.
Divide
Divide the screen by the value set in ‘Layout’.
Rotation
Rotate the screen 90 degrees clock-wise.
Flip
Reverse the up and downsides.
Print
Print out using general printer.
100%
Perform paper printing in the actual object size.
Fit to Screen
Perform paper printing according to the screen size
③ DICOM Print
95
DR-1
6.5.2.3 CD / DVD
Export - CD / DVD
③ Export Process
Estimated Time
Present the expected time needed for Export.
Time Left
Display the estimated time left to the completion of Export.
④ Task Icons
Burn
Perform the Export task.
96
DR-1
Cancel
Cancel the Export task
OK
Save and close the window.
Cancel
Cancel and close the window.
6.5.3.1 Edit Study Information
97
DR-1
② Attached image
③ Write opinion
98
DR-1
Select an image
OK button
Attach the selected image to the report
Cancel button
Cancel to attach images
Imageload
You can select the image when clocking "Image load“ button.
Search button
Search the patient using input information.
Patient/Series/Imagelist
Select an image.
OK button
Load the selected image.
Cancel button
Cancel to load the image
99
DR-1
100
DR-1
6.5.4.5 Print
Click the [Save PDF]button to save the path and file name as a PDF file.
6.5.4.7 Analysis
You can check the shooting statistics (number of captured patients, number of shots,
number of PACS transmissions, number of prints, etc.) during the set period.
For more details about Analysis please refer User manual of DR Detector.
101
DR-1
6.6 EXAM
The Exam tab processes the exam and edits images.
① Patient Information
Display ID, patient name, and study description.
④ Toolbar
Collection of image editing icons
The width of the column can be adjusted.
102
DR-1
Patient Size
Select the volume of the patient‘s body.
The values of the tube current, tube voltage and tube current amount are renewed
subsequent to the patient’s volume.
AEC
Set the AEC to be used.
Density
Configure the imaging density.
Focus
Configure the Focal Size
Indicator Icon
103
DR-1
6.7 TOOLBAR
② Tools List
Display the currently configured list of icons.
The icons can be edited in the ‘Edit Toolbar Window’.
③ Edit
Open the ‘Edit Toolbar Window’ to edit the icons.
Note: For more details about Tools in Edit menu please refer User manual of DR Detector .
104
DR-1
For more about Image Processing and Projections refer DR Detector User Manual.
6.9 CONFIGURATION
105
DR-1
CHAPTER 7
ROOM LAYOUT
This Chapter describes about the following,
Room Layout for an X – Ray Installation
Suggested X-Ray Room Layout
Radiation Protection Accessories
Suggested Dark Room Layout
Dark Room Accessories
Room for diagnostic X-Ray unit and related equipment shall be located as far away as feasible
from areas of high occupancy and general traffic, such as maternity and paediatric wards and
other departments of the hospital that are not directly related to the radiation and its use.
In case the installation is located in the residential complex, it shall be ensured that the wall(s) of
the X-Ray room on which the primary beam falls is not less than 35 cm thick brick or the equivalent
walls of the X-Ray room on which the scattered X-Ray falls is not less than 23 cm thick brick or
equivalent, there is shielding of 1.7mm of lead in front of doors and windows of the X-ray room
to protect the adjacent areas.
LAY OUT
The lay out of the room in the X-Ray installation shall be such that the number of doors for the
entry to the X-Ray room shall be kept to the minimum. The unit shall be so located that it shall not
be possible to direct the primary X-Ray beam towards the dark room, door, windows, and control
panel or area of high occupancy.
ROOM SIZE
The room housing for an X-ray unit shall not be less than 18 sq. meter for general purpose
radiography and conventional; fluoroscopic equipment.
SHIELDING
Appropriate structural shielding shall be provided for walls, doors, ceiling and floor of the room
housing of the X-Ray unit so that doses received by workers and the members of public are kept
106
DR-1
to the minimum and shall not exceed the respective annual effective doses as prescribed by the
AERB. Appropriate shielding shall also be provided for the dark room to ensure that the stored X-
ray films are not exposed.
OPENINGS AND VENTILATION
Unshielded openings in the X-Ray room for ventilation or natural light shall be located above a
height of 2m from the finished floor level outside the x-ray room.
For the X-Ray equipment operating at 125kVp or above, the control panel shall be installed in the
separate room adjoining the Main X-Ray room and for the fluoroscopic equipment the adequate
darkness shall be achieved when required in the room.
WAITING AREAS
Patient waiting areas shall be provided outside the X-Ray room
7.2 SUGGESTED X-RAY ROOM LAYOUT
107
DR-1
CHAPTER 8
SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS
8.1 PRECAUTIONS
8.1.1 Handling Precautions
Strictly observe ESD precautions while handling PCBs and ESD sensitive devices.
The collimator flaps are made of lead. Hence, special precautions should be observed
during handling the parts to avoid lead poisoning and contamination.
8.1.3 MAINTENANACE
All parts, modules of this product must be tested, inspected, for performance and safety aspects
every 12 months to ensure that the product functions properly and is safe for patients, operating
personnel and other persons.
Every 12 months, trained technical personnel should inspect and if necessary replace system
components of the generator, which may result in hazard due to excessive wear and tear.
If more frequent inspections and maintenance are required by federal or local regulations,
ensure compliance with them.
108
DR-1
8.1.4.3 Plastics
Epoxy resin on PC boards & PVC of cables.
8.2 SERVICING
8.2.1 TOOLS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED
Usual service tools
Digital multi-meter
2 channel storage oscilloscope
Radiation detector
Mechanical tool kit containing set of spanners, screwdrivers, Allen keys etc.
Switch OFF the system prior to cleaning or disinfecting. Clean the stand with a damp cloth or
cotton pad.
Dampen the cloth or pad with water or lukewarm, diluted commercially available liquid cleaning
solution.
109
DR-1
Check that all safety related devices are functional and that the system is ready to operate.
Please check:
- The power cable. Do not use the unit if the power cable is damaged. The additional
conductive connection between the system and point of Potential equalization, e.g. the
patient table, must be established prior to the examination.
Check for:
- The radiation indicators for correct functioning.
- All the audio-visual indicators for correct functioning.
- All the modes of operation proper functioning.
- Proper positioning of the unit.
- The exposure indicator and audible signal during Radiography.
8.2.5.2 MONTHLY CHECKS
110
DR-1
3. Connect the probes of megger between earth and shorted line and neutral terminal.
4. Switch ON the megger and note down the value of insulation resistance when the
value(reading) stabilizes.
2. Exposure cord
3. Brake linings
4. X-ray tube
5. Wheels
111
DR-1
Note: Annual Maintenance must be performed as per the guidelines described in the Maintenance section.
112
DR-1
Before any x-ray exposure, ensure that all the necessary protective precautions
have been taken.
During the use of x-rays, personnel present in the room must comply with the following
rules concerning protection against ionizing radiation:
Alternatively, the device and/or its accessories must be handed over to specific organization
who deals with recycling of electrical and electronic devices.
By facilitating correct disposal of the product and its accessories, you are protecting the
environment and health of mankind. Recycling of material allow reduced usage of raw materials.
More information on product recycling can be obtained from your local authorities, from
community recycling agencies or the establishment from where you purchased the device.
113
DR-1
Check AERB regulations for any special steps you must take during the disposal process. These
may be posted on the AERB website. AERB requires that the machine be registered at a specific
address, and changing the location of the machine means re-registering it at the new address.
An x-ray machine that is not plugged into an electrical source cannot emit x-rays, so it is
important to unplug a machine that should not be used. Disable the x-ray unit inside the machine
by removing the Tube head. Be careful not to break the x-ray tube. This tube is under vacuum
and any breakage could make the glass splinter and cause injury to anyone nearby.
The procedure for decommissioning x-ray machines depends on the type of the generating
device and its construction. Some manufacturers, upon purchase, provide users with the option
to return the equipment for disposal at a cost. The cost varies among manufacturers. If the return
option is not available, the machine could be disassembled according to the manufacturer’s
specific procedures and its individual components disposed of accordingly.
X-ray machines do not present a radiation hazard when they are not in operation. Additionally,
activation of structural components is not likely due to the nature of the produced radiation and
its interaction with the structural materials. However, many structural components are built with
materials that may be considered hazardous (e.g., lead, tungsten) for disposal purposes. These
materials may be segregated and disposed of according to the Local regulatory agency & of AERB
regulations.
X-ray generating machines are to be registered with the regulatory agency (AERB) having
jurisdiction. It is recommended that users contact the regulatory agency and seek advice
114
DR-1
regarding specific requirements prior to dismantling and disposing of any x-ray generating
device. Additionally, a license is required for the use of x-ray machines; the user should seek
removal of the machine from its license upon decommissioning and disposal.
Do not dispose the device or its accessories along with domestic waste. Follow local
regulations for disposal.
Warning!
Do not dispose the device with battery connected. This presents a potential
shock and fire hazard.
115
DR-1
CHAPTER 9
116
DR-1
117
DR-1
118