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FePt and Fe Nano Composite by Intermediate Annealing Temperature
FePt and Fe Nano Composite by Intermediate Annealing Temperature
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6736 J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 95, No. 11, Part 2, 1 June 2004 Lu et al.
Downloaded 07 Sep 2004 to 152.1.149.160. Redistribution subject to AIP license or copyright, see http://jap.aip.org/jap/copyright.jsp
J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 95, No. 11, Part 2, 1 June 2004 Lu et al. 6737
loops are two phaselike with a kink at low field 关Fig. 3共B兲兴,
revealing that the films consist of one magnetically hard
phase and one magnetically soft phase. The in-plane coeciv-
ity is more than 8000 Oe and out-of-plane coecivity is
around 7500 Oe 关Fig. 3共B兲兴. Combined with the XRD re-
sults, it is believed that the magnetically hard phase is fct-
FePt and the magnetically soft phase is bcc-Fe 共Fe-rich FePt
alloy兲, indicating that Fe can be segregated from FePt by
proper annealing and FePt and Fe nanocomposite are
formed. Increasing the annealing temperature to 700 °C, the
hysteresis loops become single phaselike with in-plane and
out-of-plane coercivity of 8676 Oe and 8813 Oe, respec-
tively 关Fig. 3共C兲兴, which agrees well with the XRD results.
The observed results could be explained as follows.
When the films were annealed in a vacuum using rapid ther-
mal processes, the phase transition for fcc to fct takes place.
There possibly exists one intermediate phase, which is an
Fe-rich bcc Fe phase, at a special annealing temperature.
Once cooled down very fast at this temperature, this inter-
mediate phase could be maintained. When increasing the an-
nealing temperature, the intermediate phase may not appear,
therefore, only one phase is observed.
In summary, a simple method in the fabrication of fct-
FePt and Fe 共Pt兲 nanocomposite was presented. It is found
that the annealing temperature plays a key role in determin-
ing the final products using a rapid thermal process. When
annealed at 550 °C, the particles consist of a single phase
partially chemically ordered fct FePt. When annealed at
580 °C, two phases appear, which are magnetically hard fct-
FIG. 3. Hysteresis loops of FePt nanoparticles annealed at different tem- FePt and magnetically soft Fe-rich bcc iron. By increasing
peratures: 共A兲 550 °C, 共B兲 580 °C, and 共C兲 700 °C. the temperature to 700 °C, the particles are composed of a
chemically ordered fct-FePt single phase.
phases: One is fct FePt and the other is bcc Fe 共Fe-rich FePt 1
D. Weller, A. Moser, L. Folks, M. E. Best, W. Lee, M. F. Toney, M.
alloy兲 关Fig. 2共C兲兴. Further increasing the annealing tempera- Schwickert, J.-U. Thiele, and M. F. Doerner, IEEE Trans. Magn. 36, 10
共2000兲.
ture to 700 °C, no peaks of bcc Fe are found and all peaks 2
B. M. Berkovsky, V. F. Medvedev, and M. S. Krakov, Magnetic Fluids:
can be fully indexed by using the structure of fct FePt, indi- Engineering Applications 共Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993兲.
cating that the films become single fct-FePt phase. 3
H. Zeng, J. Li, J. P. Liu, Z. L. Wang, and S. H. Sun, Nature 共London兲 420,
The in-plane and out-of-plane hysteresis loops of an- 395 共2002兲.
4
M. Watanabe, T. Masumoto, D. H. Ping, and K. Hono, Appl. Phys. Lett.
nealed films are shown in Figs. 3共A兲–3共C兲. For films an- 76, 3971 共2000兲.
nealed at 550 °C, the in-plane and out-of-plane coercivity are 5
A. Cebolleda, D. Weller, J. Sticht, G. R. Harp, R. F. C. Farrow, R. F.
954.6 Oe and 1021 Oe, respectively 关Fig. 3共A兲兴, further con- Marks, R. Savoy, and J. C. Scott, Phys. Rev. B 50, 3419 共1994兲.
6
R. F. C. Farrow, D. Weller, R. F. Marks, M. F. Toney, A. Cebollada, and G.
firming that the particles are partially chemically ordered due
R. Harp, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 5967 共1996兲.
to a relatively low annealing temperature. For the films an- 7
S. H. Sun, C. B. Murray, D. Weller, L. Folks, and A. Moser, Science 287,
nealed at 580 °C, the in-plane and out-of-plane hysteresis 1989 共2000兲.
Downloaded 07 Sep 2004 to 152.1.149.160. Redistribution subject to AIP license or copyright, see http://jap.aip.org/jap/copyright.jsp