Analog IC Design : 2022-23

Lecture 13
Gain Boosting and Output Amplifiers

By Dr. Sanjay Vidhyadharan

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 Gain Boosting

𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛= −𝑔𝑚 ∗ (𝑅𝐷 ||𝑟0) 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛= −𝑔𝑚 ∗ (𝑟01 ||𝑟02)

𝑔𝑚𝑅𝐷
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛~ −
1 + 𝑔𝑚𝑅𝑠
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 Gain Boosting

The idea behind gain boosting is to further increase the output impedance without adding
more cascode devices.

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 Gain Boosting

𝑉𝑑 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑅𝑠
𝑉𝐺 = (𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑅𝑠 )𝐴1
𝑉𝐺𝑆 = (𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑅𝑠 )𝐴1 − 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑅𝑠
𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑔𝑚 [(𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑅𝑠 )𝐴1 − 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑅𝑠 ]
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑣 ≈ 𝐴1 𝑔𝑚 𝑟0

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 Gain Boosting
The Regulated Cascode

𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑟𝑜2 + (𝐴1 +1)𝑔𝑚2 𝑟𝑜2 𝑟𝑜1 + 𝑟𝑜1

|𝐴𝑣 | = (1 + 𝐴1 ) 𝑔𝑚1 [(𝑟𝑜2 + (𝐴1 +1)𝑔𝑚2 𝑟𝑜2 𝑟𝑜1 + 𝑟𝑜1 )]

𝑉𝑝 ≈ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 (𝑔𝑚1 ≈ 𝑔𝑚2) |𝐴𝑣 | = (1 + 𝐴1 )2 𝑔𝑚1 𝑔𝑚2 𝑟𝑜2 𝑟𝑜1

𝐺𝑚 ≈ (1 + 𝐴1 ) 𝑔𝑚1

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 Gain Boosting
Circuit Implementation

NMOS CS stage

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 Gain Boosting
Circuit Implementation

PMOS CS stage

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 Gain Boosting
Circuit Implementation

Folded-cascode stage

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 Gain Boosting

Folded-cascode Differential circuit

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 Gain Boosting

Gain boosting applied to both signal path and load devices.

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 BiCMOS

Advantages of BJT
Higher switching speed
Higher current drive per unit area, higher gain

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 Output Amplifiers

Classification of Output Stages

Collector current
waveforms for transistors
operating in
(a) class A,
(b) class B,
(c) class AB, and
(d) class C amplifier
stages.

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 Output Amplifiers
CS Amplifier with High IQ.

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 Output Amplifiers
CLASS A AMPLIFIERS

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 Output Amplifiers
CLASS A AMPLIFIERS 𝐼𝐿𝑚𝑖𝑛 −𝑉𝑠𝑠
=
2 𝑅𝐿
𝐼𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑉𝐷𝐷
=
2 𝑅𝐿

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 Example-1
Design of CLASS A AMPLIFIERS

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 Output Amplifiers
CS Amplfier with High IQ.
Separation of the Amplifier Bias from the Load Resistance

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 Output Amplifiers
Push–pull inverting CMOS amplifier.

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 Thankyou

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