 To hold maxillary & mandibular casts in

determined fixed relationship

 To simulate the jaw movements

 To produce border movements

 To diagnose the state of occlusion in both the
natural & artificial dentitions

 To plan dental procedures based on the

relationship between opposing natural & artificial
teeth

 To aid in the fabrication of temporary

restorations and prosthodontic replacements
 To correct and modify completed restorations

 To arrange artificial teeth

 For patient education

 Better visualization of the casts and restorations

in occlusion specially from lingual side
 Occlusion can be viewed from facial and lingual
sides

 Patient appointment time is reduced

 Patient cooperation is not required

 Tongue and cheek hindrances are eliminated

 More procedures can be completed in lab

 Most accurate and widely accepted classification

 Class I :
 Simple holding instrument capable of
accepting a single static record
 Permits horizontal as well as vertical
mo t i o n b u t d o e s n o t r e c o r d t h e
orientation relation
 (A) Permits eccentric movements
based on average or arbitrary values
 E.g. Grittman articulator, Alfred Gysi
simplex articulator
 Class II (B)
 Permits eccentric movements
based on arbitrary theories of
motion
 E.g. monson articulator based
upon spherical theory of occlusion
 Class II (c) :
 Permits eccentric motion based
u po n t h e e n g r a v e d r e c o r d s
obtained from the patient
e.g. House articulator
 Instrument that accepts horizontal and
vertical relations and also accepts the
face-bow transfer

 (A) Accepts face-bow transfer and

protrusive inter-occlusal record
 E.g. Hanau model H, Dentatus,
Bergstorm’s arcon articulator
 Class III (b)

 Accepts protrusive inter-occlusal

records

 E.g. Gysi’s trubyte articulator,

Hanau kinoscope, stansberry
tripod type, Ney articulator
 Instrument accepts 3 dimensional dynamic
registration and also uses facebow
transfer

 (A) The condylar pathways are formed by

the registrations engraved by the patient
 TMJ instrument by Kenneth Swanson
 Class IV (B)
 The condylar paths can be angled
and customized

 Denar D4A and D5A fully

adjustable
 The basic minimum requirement for
prosthodontic work
 Has adjustable condylar and incisal guides
 Also capable of accepting face-bow
transfer
 Upper arm represents the maxilla
The lower arm represents the
mandible

 Casts are attached on the both arms

 Connect the cast to the articulator
 Cast can be attached by plaster,
screws or magnets
 Represent the condyles
 Spherical in shape
 Represents the slope of the articular
eminence in skull which guides the
movement of condyle
 The condylar element moves along the
inclines of the condylar guidance and
together determines the protrusive and
lateral movements of the articulator
 A protrusive record is used to adjust the
inclination of the condylar guidance

 Horizontal guidance

 Lateral guidance
 Represents the vertical dimension of
occlusion
 Rests on the incisal table and can be
moved along its surface
 Can be raised or lowered to increase
or decrease the vertical dimension
 Represents the lingual slopes of the maxillary
anterior teeth along which the lower incisors
move, thus it serves as the the anterior guidance
for mandibular movement

 2 components :
 Horizontal guidance… represents
the lingual slopes of anterior
teeth

 Lateral guidance… represents the

lingual slope of maxillary canine
or lingual slopes of buccal cusps
 Before tooth setup, the articulator must be
programmed or customized to the individual
patient

 A programmed articulator simulates the

mandibular movements of the individual patient

 So teeth can be arranged in harmony with the

mandibular movements of the individuals
 The programmable parts of the articulator are ;
 The condylar guidance
 Horizontal guidance
 Lateral guidance
 The incisal guidance
 HORIZONTAL CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
 Programming done by using inter occlusal
check records

 Patient is asked to protrude the mandible

(6mm) and the relation is recorded using a
suitable bite registration material
 Condylar locknuts are loosened and are free to
move
 The occlusal rims in protrusive record are
placed on articulator, and the condylar
inclinations are adjusted
 The degree of inclination is noted and recorded
 LATERAL CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
 By using lateral inter-occlusal check records

 The lateral guidance is programmed by lateral inter-

occlusal check records
 Lateral records are made separate for right and left
side
 L = H/8 + 12

 Only protrusive record is taken

 Lateral record is calculated by this
formula
 Incisal guidance represents the lingual slopes of
the upper anterior teeth

 Influences the horizontal and vertical overlaps of

teeth thus has significant effect on the esthetics
of the anterior teeth

 The incisal guidance should be as shallow as

possible in order to minimize the interferences

 Shallow incisal guide improves the stability of

denture
 Incisal guidance table has two components;
 Horizontal ……controls the antero-
posterior movement of lower jaw
(Central and lateral incisors)
 Lateral … Controls the lateral
movement of the lower jaw (canine
teeth)
 Boucher’s Complete Denture Prosthodontics 13th
edition

 Management of TMJ disorders by Okason 8 th

edition

 Manapallil Complete Denture Prosthodontics

 Winkler’s Management of edentulous patients

 Google images