Electronics Fundamentals A Systems

Approach 1st Edition Floyd Solutions

Manual
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Electronics Fundamentals A Systems Approach 1st Edition Floyd Solutions Manual

CHAPTER 3
OHM’S LAW, ENERGY, AND POWER

BASIC PROBLEMS

SECTION 3-1 Ohm’s Law

1. I is directly proportional to V and will change the same percentage as V.

(a) I = 3(1 A) = 3 A
(b) I = 1 A  (0.8)(1 A) = 1 A  0.8 A = 0.2 A
(c) I = 1 A + (0.5)(1 A) = 1 A + 0.5 A = 1.5 A

2. (a) When the resistance doubles, the current is halved from 100 mA to 50 mA.
(b) When the resistance is reduced by 30%, the current increases from 100 mA to
I = V/0.7R = 1.429(V/R) = (1.429)(100 mA)  143 mA
(c) When the resistance is quadrupled, the current decreases from 100 mA to 25 mA.

3. Tripling the voltage triples the current from 10 mA to 30 mA, but doubling the resistance
halves the current to 15 mA.

SECTION 3-2 Application of Ohm’s Law

V 5V V 15 V
4. (a) I=  =5A (b) I=  = 1.5 A
R 1 R 10 

V 50 V V 30 V
(c) I=  = 0.5 A (d) I=  = 2 mA
R 100  R 15 k

V 250 V
(e) I=  = 53.2 A
R 4.7 M

V 9V V 5.5 V
5. (a) I=  = 3.33 mA (b) I=  = 550 A
R 2.7 k R 10 k

V 40 V V 1 kV
(c) I=  = 588 A (d) I=  = 500 mA
R 68 k R 2 k

V 66 kV
(e) I=  = 6.60 mA
R 10 M
V 12 V
6. I=  = 1.2 A
R 10 

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 V 25 V V 5V
7. (a) I=  = 2.50 mA (b) I=  = 2.27 A
R 10 k R 2.2 M

V 15 V
(c) I=  = 8.33 mA
R 1.8 k

8. Orange, violet, yellow, gold, brown  37.4  ± 1%

VS 12 V
I= = = 0.321 A
R 37.4 Ω

24 V
9. I= = 0.642 A
37.4 Ω
0.642 A is greater than 0.5 A, so the fuse will blow.

10. (a) V = IR = (2 A)(18 ) = 36 V (b) V = IR = (5 A)(47 ) = 235 V

(c) V = IR = (2.5 A)(620 ) = 1550 V (d) V = IR = (0.6 A)(47 ) = 28.2 V
(e) V = IR = (0.1 A)(470 ) = 47 V

11. (a) V = IR = (1 mA)(10 ) = 10 mV (b) V = IR = (50 mA)(33 ) = 1.65 V

(c) V = IR = (3 A)(4.7 k) = 14.1 kV (d) V = IR = (1.6 mA)(2.2 k) = 3.52 V
(e) V = IR = (250 A)(1 k) = 250 mV (f) V = IR = (500 mA)(1.5 M) = 750 kV
(g) V = IR = (850 A)(10 M) = 8.5 kV (h) V = IR = (75 A)(47 ) = 3.53 mV

12. V = IR = (3 A)(20 m) = 60 mV

13. (a) V = IR = (3 mA)(27 k) = 81 V (b) V = IR = (5 A)(100 M) = 500 V

(c) V = IR = (2.5 A)(47 ) = 117.5 V

V 10 V V 90 V
14. (a) R=  =5 (b) R=  =2
I 2A I 45 A
V 50 V V 5.5 V
(c) R=  = 10  (d) R=  = 0.55 
I 5A I 10 A
V 150 V
(e) R=  = 300 
I 0.5 A

V 10 kV V 7V
15. (a) R=  = 2 k (b) R=  = 3.5 k
I 5A I 2 mA
V 500 V V 50 V
(c) R=  = 2 k (d) R=  = 100 k
I 250 mA I 500 A

V 1 kV
(e) R=  = 1 M
I 1 mA

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 V 6V
16. R=  = 3 k
I 2 mA

V 8V V 12 V
17. (a) R=  =4 (b) R=  = 3 k
I 2A I 4 mA

V 30 V
(c) R=  = 0.2 M = 200 k
I 150 A

V 3.2 V
18. I= = = 0.82 A
R 3.9 

SECTION 3-3 Energy and Power

W 26 J
19. P= = = 2.6 W
t 10 s

20. Since 1 watt = 1 joule, P = 350 J/s = 350 W

W 7500 J
21. P= 
t 5h
 7500 J  1 h  7500 J
   = 0.417 J/s = 417 mW
 5 h  3600s  18,000s

22. (a) 1000 W = 1  103 W = 1 kW (b) 3750 W = 3.750  103 W = 3.75 kW

(c) 160 W = 0.160  103 W = 0.160 kW (d) 50,000 W = 50  103 W = 50 kW

23. (a) 1,000,000 W = 1  106 W = 1 MW (b) 3  106 W = 3 MW

(c) 15  107 W = 150  106 W = 150 MW (d) 8700 kW = 8.7  106 W = 8.7 MW

24. (a) 1 W = 1000  103 W = 1000 mW (b) 0.4 W = 400  103 W = 400 mW
(c) 0.002 W = 2  103 W = 2 mW (d) 0.0125 W = 12.5  103 W = 12.5 mW

25. (a) 2 W = 2,000,000 W (b) 0.0005 W = 500 W

(c) 0.25 mW = 250 W (d) 0.00667 mW = 6.67 W

26. (a) 1.5 kW = 1.5  103 W = 1500 W (b) 0.5 MW = 0.5  106 W = 500,000 W
(c) 350 mW = 350  103 W = 0.350 W (d) 9000 W = 9000  106 W = 0.009 W

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 W
27. P in watts
t
W
V
Q
Q
I
t
W
P  VI 
t
So, (1 V)(1 A) = 1 W

W 1J
28. P  =1W
t 1s
1000 J
1 kW = 1000 W =
1s
1 kW-second = 1000 J
1 kWh = 3600  1000 J
1 kWh = 3.6  106 J

SECTION 3-4 Power in an Electric Circuit

29. P = VI = (5.5 V)(3 mA) = 16.5 mW

30. P = VI = (115 V)(3 A) = 345 W

31. P = I2R = (500 mA)2(4.7 k) = 1.18 kW

32. P = I2R = (5.0 A)2(20  10-3 ) = 500 mW

V 2 (60 V)2
33. P=  = 5.81 W
R 620 

V 2 (1.5 V)2
34. P=  = 0.0402 W = 40.2 mW
R 56 

35. P = I2R
P 100 W
R= 2  = 25 
I (2 A)2

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36. 5  106 watts for 1 minute = 5  103 kWmin

5  103 kWmin
= 83.3 kWh
60 min/1 hr

6700 W/s
37. = 0.00186 kWh
(1000 W/kW)(3600 s/h)

38. (50 W)(12 h) = 600 Wh

50 W = 0.05 kW
(0.05 kW)(12 h) = 0.6 kWh

V 1.25 V
39. I  = 0.125 A
RL 10 

P = VI = (1.25 V)(0.125 A) = 0.156 W = 156 mW

W
40. P=
t
156 mJ
156 mW =
1s
Wtot  (156 mJ/s)(90 h)(3600 s/h) = 50,544 J

SECTION 3-5 The Power Rating of Resistors

41. P = I2R = (10 mA)2(6.8 k) = 0.68 W

Use the next highest standard power rating of 1 W.

42. If the 8 W resistor is used, it will be operating in a marginal condition.

To allow for a safety margin of 20%, use a 12 W resistor.

SECTION 3-6 Energy Conversion and Voltage Drop in a Resistance

43. (a) + at top,  at bottom of resistor (b) + at bottom,  at top of resistor

(c) + on right,  on left of resistor

SECTION 3-7 Power Supplies and Batteries

44. VOUT = PL RL  (1 W)(50 ) = 7.07 V

45. Ampere-hour rating = (1.5 A)(24 h) = 36 Ah

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 80 Ah
46. I= =8A
10 h

650 mAh
47. I= = 13.5 mA
48 h

48. PLOST = PIN  POUT = 500 mW  400 mW = 100 mW

P   400 mW 
% efficiency =  OUT 100%   100% = 80%
 PIN   500 mW 

49. POUT = (efficiency)PIN = (0.85)(5 W) = 4.25 W

SECTION 3-8 Introduction to Troubleshooting

Troubleshootinhg
50. The 4th bulb from the left is open.

51. If should take five (maximum) resistance measurements.

ADVANCED PROBLEMS
52. Assume that the total consumption of the power supply is the input power plus the power lost.
POUT = 2 W
P 
% efficiency =  OUT 100%
 PIN 
 POUT  2W
PIN =  100%   100% = 3.33 W
 % efficiency  60% 
The power supply itself uses
PIN  POUT = 3.33 W  2 W = 1.33 W
Energy = W = Pt = (1.33 W)(24 h) = 31.9 Wh  0.032 kWh

V 120 V
53. Rf =  = 150 
I 0.8 A

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54. Measure the current with an ammeter connected as shown in Figure 3-1. Then calculate the
unknown resistance with the formula, R = 12 V/I.

Figure 3-1

55. Calculate I for each value of V:

0V 10 V
I1 = =0A I2 = = 100 mA
100  100 
20 V 30 V
I3 = = 200 mA I4 = = 300 mA
100  100 
40 V 50 V
I5 = = 400 mA I6 = = 500 mA
100  100 
60 V 70 V
I7 = = 600 mA I8 = = 700 mA
100  100 
80 V 90 V
I9 = = 800 mA I10 = = 900 mA
100  100 
100 V
I11 = =1A
100 

The graph is a straight line as shown in

Figure 3-2. This indicates a linear
relationship between I and V.

Figure 3-2

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 VS 1V
56. R=  = 200 
I 5 mA

VS 1.5 V VS 2V
(a) I=  = 7.5 mA (b) I=  = 10 mA
R 200  R 200 

VS 3V VS 4V
(c) I=  = 15 mA (d) I=  = 20 mA
R 200  R 200 

VS 10 V
(e) I=  = 50 mA
R 200 

V 1V V 1V V 1V
57. R1 =  = 0.5  R2 =  =1 R3 =  =2
I 2A I 1A I 0.5 A

V2 10 V
58. 
30 mA 50 mA
(10 V)(30 mA)
V2 = = 6 V new value
50 mA
The voltage decreased by 4 V, from 10 V to 6 V.

59. The current increase is 50%, so the voltage increase must be the same; that is, the voltage must
be increased by (0.5)(20 V) = 10 V.

The new value of voltage is V2 = 20 V + (0.5)(20 V) = 20 V + 10 V = 30 V

(10.4CM  /ft)(24ft)
60. Wire resistance: RW = = 0.154 
1624.3CM
V 6V
(a) I  = 59.9 mA
R  RW 100.154 
(b) VR = (59.9 mA)(100 ) = 5.99 V
(c) VRW = 6 V  5.99 V = 0.01 V
0.01 V
For one length of wire, V = = 0.005 V
2

61. 300 W = 0.3 kW

30 days = (30 days)(24 h/day) = 720 h
Energy = (0.3 kW)(720 h) = 216 kWh

1500 kWh
62. = 48.39 kWh/day
31 days
48.39kWh/day
P = = 2.02 kW
24 h/day

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63. The minimum power rating you should use is 12 W so that the power dissipation does not
exceed the rating.

V 2 (12 V) 2
64. (a) P=  = 14.4 W
R 10 
(b) W = Pt = (14.4 W)(2 min)(1/60 h/min) = 0.48 Wh
(c) Neither, the power is the same because it is not time dependent.

65. VR(max) = 120 V  100 V = 20 V

VR (max) 20 V
Imax =  = 2.5 A
Rmin 8
A fuse with a rating of less than 2.5 A must be used. A 2 A fuse is recommended.
P 0.5 W
66. I   4.08 A
R 0.030 

67. Power will increase by four times.

66. The materials required for the Load Test Box are as follows:

Item Component Qty

1 Resistor: 5.0 , 10 W 1
2 Resistor: 16 , 5 W 1
3 Resistor: 100 , 2.0 W 1
4 Resistor: 150 , 3.0 W 1
5 1 pole, 4 position rotary switch 1
6 Knob 1
7 Enclosure (4” x 4”  2” Al) 1
8 Banana plug terminals 2
9 Fuse (1.5 A) and fuse holder 1
10 PC board (etched with pattern) 1
11 Screws, washers, nuts 4
12 Standoffs 4

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Electronics Fundamentals A Systems Approach 1st Edition Floyd Solutions Manual

69. See Figure 3-3.

Figure 3-3

Multisim Troubleshooting Problems

Troubleshootinhg
70. R is open.

71. No fault

72. R1 is shorted.

73. Lamp 4 is shorted.

74. Lamp 6 is open.

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