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TLE-IA-SMAW
Quarter 0 – Module 4
Evaluate Hazards and Risks
TLE-IA-SMAW – Grade 7 & 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 0 – Module 4: Evaluate Hazards and Risks
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Razel B. Cabual
Editors: Howel Jay M. Caluyo, Clifford O. Ignacio
Reviewers: Dennis S. Calinao, Gemuel C. Ibero, Howel Jay M. Caluyo,
Alden B. Deguit, Clifford O. Ignacio
Typesetter: Razel B. Cabual
Layout Artist: Farrell D. Garcia
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Adolf P. Aguilar, Ed.D., TM Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita R. Ragay, Ed.D.
Antonio B. Baguio Jr., Ed.D.

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
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TLE-IA-SMAW
Quarter 0 – Module 4
Evaluate Hazards and Risks
 What I Need to Know

To promote lifelong skilled learners, this module covers one of the courses
offered in Industrial Arts- Metal Works with emphasis on Shielded Metal Arc Welding
(SMAW).

This module is an exploratory subject written and designed for Grade 7 and
Grade 8 learner. This will help you identify your prior knowledge, test your
understanding, and learn new concepts that may be used to do self-evaluation
afterwards. Aside from that, this module is made possible for your convenience where
the language being used is the same with the vocabulary level of the students. You,
as a learner, will be given the understanding on how to identify work hazards in the
workplace. To follow the standard sequence of the course, all lessons were properly
arranged.

The module is talking about this lesson:

• Lesson 1 – Evaluating Hazards and Risks

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify work hazards in the workplace;
2. create a poster in relation to the lessons; and
3. Appreciates the importance of knowing the work hazards
 What I Know

I. MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Match the descriptions in Column A with the terms in Column B. Write
the letter only of the correct answer in your notebook.

Column A Column B

1. The most common and painful a. Welding shields/helmet

injuries that occur in the
welding shop. b. environmental hazards
2. An immediate care given to a
person who has been injured c. Burn
or suddenly taken illness.
3. A symbol used to indicate a d. First aid
potentially hazardous situation
which, if not avoided, could e. Caution
result in death or serious injury.
4. It adversely affects people’s health f. bacteria
5. It is used to protect our face
and eyes from the arc rays and
heat and the spatter from the
molten metal.

II. TRUE OR FALSE

Direction: Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is true and F if
not.
1. Physical Hazards are due to the transfer of energy between an object and worker.
2. Symbols cannot be understood by both readers and non-readers.
3. Ergonomics is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the workers.
4. Biological Hazards are caused by living organisms.
5. Regulatory Signs are signs indicates a potentially hazardous situation.

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 Lesson
Evaluating Hazards and
1 Risks

An environmental hazard is a substance, a state or an event which has the

potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment / or adversely affect
people's health, and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes.

In every workplace, Safety Signs and Symbols must be present. Safety

symbols are pictures sometimes called safety pictographs, pictograms, or pictorials.
They are used in place of, or as a supplement to written words. These symbols
provide warnings or alerts about a possible hazard. Because pictures may convey
information better than words, graphic symbols are added to precautionary labels to
show major workplace dangers like welding or cutting hazards.

What’s In

As a review, define the following terms.

1. Measurement
2. Ratio
3. Proportion
4. Area
5. Volume

Notes to the Teacher

Always remind learners to observe safety precautions when doing
an actual task. And that they may asked assistance from their
parents/guardians while performing the tasks to observe safety
and/or to prevent accident. You may also provide your own
learning activity parallel to the lesson.

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 What’s New

A. Direction: Define the following terms. Write your answers in your notebook.

1. Physical Hazards
2. Chemical Hazards
3. Ergonomic Hazards
4. Biological Hazards
5. Environmental Hazards

B. Direction: Identify the following safety signs and symbols. Write your answers
in your notebook.
1. 4.

2.

3.

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 What is It

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

1. Physical Hazards. Hazards due to the transfer of energy between an object and
a worker.
✓ Excessive noise
✓ Inadequate illumination
✓ Extreme temperature
✓ Extreme pressure
✓ Vibration
✓ Radiation
✓ Inadequate ventilation
✓ Cluttered area
✓ Ignorance or carelessness of the worker

2. Chemical Hazards. These hazards arise from inhaling chemical agents in the
form of vapor gases, dust, fumes, mist, or by skin contact with these materials.

• Mist Fine particles of a liquid float in air

• Gases- substances in gaseous state but are always airborne at room
temperature.
• Vapor- results when substances that are liquid at room temperature
evaporate.
• Dust- solid harmful substances are ground, cut or crushed by mechanical
actions. Fumes- gas is condensed in air, chemically changed and becomes fine
solid particles which float in air.

Four Possible Routes of Entry of Chemical Hazards

1. Inhalation- breathing in toxics is the most common and dangerous route.
2. Ingestion- toxics enter through the gastrointestinal tract.
3. Absorption- toxics pass through skin into the bloodstream.
4. Injection- toxics may be injected into the body (needles, etc.)- the least common,
yet most direct route of entry

3.Biological Hazards. Hazards caused by living organisms which include insects,

molds, fungi, viruses, and bacterial contamination; from defects in sanitation and
housekeeping procedures, such as in the provision of potable water, removal of
industrial wastes and sewage, food handling, and personal cleanliness.

Agents of Biological Hazards

• Bacteria – simple, one-celled organisms that may or may not be harmful.
• Viruses – organisms that depend on a host cell for development or
reproduction
• Fungi – may be small or large parasitic organisms growing in a living or dead
plant or animal

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 • Rickettsia – rod-shaped microorganisms that are smaller than bacteria and
depend on a host for development or reproduction. Microorganisms
transmitted by fleas, ticks, and lice

Common Health Problems from Biological Hazards:

a. Tuberculosis (TB)
b. Tetanus
c. Viral Hepatitis
d. HIV/AIDS

Diseases caused by virus:

a. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
b. Hepatitis B Infection
c. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
d. Rabies

4. Ergonomic Hazards. Hazards commonly seen in the workplace, which are

improperly designed tools or work areas, improper lifting or reaching, poor visual
conditions or repeated motions in an awkward position that may be responsible for
fatigue, stress and strain and may lead to accidents in the occupational environment.

Ergonomics is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the workers.
Effects of Ergonomic Hazards
a. low productivity
b. high rate of errors
c. material wastage and equipment

Health Problems caused by Ergonomics

a. musculoskeletal problems
b. vascular problems
c. visual problems
d. hearing problems
e. skin problem
f. psychological problems

Welding Safety
Safety is a critical consideration for any welding project. Arc welding is a safe
occupation when proper precautions are taken, but if safety measures are ignored,
welders face an array of hazards that can be potentially dangerous, including electric
shock, fumes and gases, fire, explosions, and more.

1. Electric shock – maybe caused by open and not properly insulated cable,
workers are advised to regularly check electrical wiring connection.

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 Check primary circuit wiring connection

Check welding cable for crack or cut insulation

Do not put welding cable around the part of your body.

2.Arc rays can damage both eyes and skin, so wear proper protective clothing and
filter lenses.

BURN CAUSED BY LIGHT

• Ultra violet light- can cause first degree or second degree burn to the eyes
and skin
• Infrared – wave that is felt as heat
• Visible light- light that we see - producer of varying quantities and color

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3. Fumes and Gases- Use proper ventilation and position yourself out of the fume
flow.

The bigger diameter of the electrode, the more ventilation is required.

Dangerous powder dust comes from weld fumes filtered during welding.

4.Fire and explosion- may result from faulty welding operation. Always
understand the environment where you are welding and never take anything for
granted.

Proper procedure for welding in a tank

5. Compressed gas- must be handled in such a way as to prevent personal or

equipment damage.

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6. Face and eye protection - must be worn at all times in the workplace. This
includes safety goggles and full -faced mask.

Protection Clothing against sparks and hot metals

6. Wear correct eye, ear, and body protection.

Wear proper body, face, and eye protection

SAFETY SIGNS AND SYMBOLS

The use of symbols on precautionary labels is optional, and is recommended for

the following reasons:
• Symbols may show and help to explain the hazards quickly.
• Symbols can be understood by both readers and non-readers.
• Symbols may be multilingual and usually translate directly into
all languages.

Welding and cutting industry have adopted standardized symbols and uniform
methods of use to avoid user confusion and to supplement and reinforce the
written message.

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Words
The large word at the top of the label is called the signal word. It is used in
combination with a specific colored background and combined with the safety alert
symbol to indicate the degree of seriousness of a potential hazard. Because of its
colored background, the signal word is usually the first element that you notice when
looking at a safety label. According to International Standard Organization (ISO),
there are three (3) choices for a signal word:

1. DANGER. Used to indicate an

imminently hazardous situation which,
if avoided, will result in death or
serious injury. The use of this signal
word should be limited to the most
extreme situations.

2. WARNING. This indicates a

potentially hazardous situation which,
if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.

3. CAUTION. Used to indicate a

potentially hazardous situation which,
if not avoided, may result in minor or
moderate injury. CAUTION may also
be used without the safety color
symbol (the triangle with exclamation
mark) to indicate property-damage-
only

Color
Since color is typically the first thing that draws the attention of the viewer,
the color-coded surrounding shapes act as a first level of meaning and, as you draw
closer to the sign, you are able to distinguish the specific information conveyed by
the graphic symbol.

Example A is an ISO “Warning Safety Sign”. This type of label is meant to

tell what the hazard is (e.g. “fire hazard”).
Example B is an ISO “Prohibition Safety Sign”. This label tells about an
action not to take in order to avoid a hazard (e.g. “no open flame”).

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 Example C is an ISO “Mandatory Action Safety Sign”. This label defines an
action that needs to be taken to avoid the hazard (e.g. “read manual”).
Classification of Safety Signs

1. Regulatory Signs- signs contain instructions. Failure to comply with them

constitutes an offense under law, standing orders, company policy, etc.
a. Mandatory signs are regulatory signs which indicate that an instruction must
be carried out. When symbols are used, they are white on a blue disc. Text-
only mandatory signs are black or white in a portrait format.

2. Prohibition signs are regulatory signs which indicate that an action or activity
is not allowed. The symbolic shape used on prohibition signs is the red circle and
slash over a black symbol. Prohibition signs may contain only the red circle and
text with no symbol.

3. Warning Signs- signs which warn of a hazard or hazardous condition that is not
likely to be life-threatening. The symbolic shape used on warning signs is black
triangle with yellow interior and black symbol. The word warning is not required to
print on the sign, although it is often used for added impact.

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4. Danger Signs- signs which warn of a hazard or hazardous condition is likely life
threatening. It is recommended that symbols not be used on danger signs.

5. Fire Signs- advice the location of fire alarms and firefighting equipment. Fire
signs contain a white symbol and/or text on a red background.

6. Emergency Information Signs- indicate the location of, or direction to,

emergency- related facilities (exits, first aid, safety equipment, etc.). These signs
feature a white symbol and/or text on a green background.

7. General Information Signs- communicate information of a general nature in

order to avoid misunderstanding or confusion. These signs often refer to
housekeeping, company practices and logistics.

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 What’s More

A. Matching Type
Direction: Match the descriptions in Column A with its terms in Column B. Write
the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Hazards due to the transfer a. Environmental Hazard
of energy between an object
and a worker. b. Arc Rays
2. Signs which warn of a hazard
or hazardous condition is c. Biological Hazards
likely life threatening.
3. Signs which warn of a hazard or d. vapor
hazardous condition that is
not likely to be life-threatening. e. ergonomics
4. Signs contain instructions
5. The study of designing equipment f. Regulatory Signs
and devices that fit the workers.
6. Results when substances that are g. Warning Signs
liquid at room temperature evaporate
7. Hazards caused by living organisms. h. Danger Signs
8. It can damage both eyes and skin.
9. A substance, a state, or an event i. Danger Signs
which has the potential to threaten
the surrounding natural j. Physical Hazards
environment.
10. Caused by open and not properly k. Chemical Hazards
insulated cable, workers are advised
to regularly check electrical wiring
connection.

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 What I Have Learned

To test your understanding from the lesson, answer the following questions below.
Write your answers in your notebook.
1. What are environmental hazards?
2. How does it affect the environment in every workplace?
3. What is the importance of signs and symbols in the workplace?
4. If given a chance to be a welder, what must be the first step that you must
acquire?
5. Is there any assurance that every workplace is safe to work with? Why or why
not?

What I Can Do

Direction: In a cartolina, make a poster on how to avoid hazards at work and on

how to stay safe. You will be graded accordingly with the given rubrics below.

PERFORMANCE RUBRICS

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Coverage of Details on the Details on the Details on the Details on the
the Topic poster capture poster include poster relate poster have
the important important to the topic little or
information information but are too nothing to do
about the topic but the general or with main
and increase the audience may incomplete. topic.
audience’s need more The audience
understanding. information to needs more
understand information
fully. to
understand.
Use of All graphics are All graphics All graphics Graphics do
Graphics related to the are related to relate to the not relate to
topic and make the topic and topic. the topic.
it easier to most make it
understand. easier to
understand.

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Organization Information is Information is Information is The
very organized organized with organized, information
with clear titles titles and but titles and appears to be
and subheadings. subheadings disorganized.
subheadings. are missing
or do not help
the reader
understand.
Layout and All information Most of the Most of the Much of the
Design on the poster is information on information information
in focus and can the poster is on the poster on the poster
be easily viewed in focus and is in focus is unclear or
and identified the content and the too small.
from 6 ft. away. easily viewed content is
and identified easily viewed
from 6 ft. and identified
away. from 4 ft.
away.
Presentation The presentation The The The
was the presentation presentation presentation
appropriate was the was the was too long
length. It did not appropriate appropriate or too short.
seem hurried or length but length but The presenter
too slow. The seemed seemed very did not speak
presenter spoke slightly hurried or too clearly most of
clearly and hurried or too slow. The the time and
distinctly and slow. The presenter established
established eye presenter spoke clearly little eye
contact with the spoke clearly and distinctly contact with
audience. most of the only some of the audience.
time and the time
established and/or
eye contact established
with the little eye
audience. contact with
the audience.

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 Assessment

Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best
answer and write the letter only in your answer sheet.
1. Which hazards are due to transfer of energy between an object and a
worker?
A. Chemical hazards B. Physical hazards
C. Biological hazards D. Ergonomics hazards
2. Which kind of hazard causes deadening of a welder’s hand because of
unadvisable position during welding?
A. Chemical hazards B. Physical hazards
C. Biological hazards D. Ergonomics hazards
3. Impact resulting from being struck by and struck against object
may cause serious accidents which one is referred to?
A. Chemical hazards B. Physical hazards
C. Biological hazards D. Ergonomics hazards
4. Which process do toxics pass through gastrointestinal organ?
A. Ingestion B. Inhalation C. Absorption D. Injection
5. People who work with animals, animal products or animal wastes
have a greater risk of infection because of_______.
A. Chemical hazards B. Physical hazards
C. Biological hazards D. Ergonomics hazards
6. Pictures that are used to inform workers on safety practices are__________.
A. Cautions B. Warnings
C. Prohibitions D. Safety signs
7. Signs which indicate that an action is not allowed are___________.
A. regulatory signs B. mandatory signs
C. prohibition signs D. warning signs
8. Which are used to indicate a potentially hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury?
A. Danger B. Caution C. Warning D. Emergency
9. Signs indicate that an instruction must be carried out_________.
A. regulatory signs B. mandatory signs
C. prohibition signs D. warning signs
10. Which used to indicate an imminently hazardous situation which, if avoided,
may result in death or serious injury?
A. Danger B. Warning C. Caution D. Emergency

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 Additional Activities

Direction: Fill in the blank to complete each sentence per item. Write your answers
in your notebook.
1. __________________ are hazards caused by living organisms which include
insects, molds, fungi, viruses, and bacterial contamination
2. __________________ are regulatory signs which indicate that an instruction must
be carried out.
3. Warning Signs ___________ of a hazard or hazardous condition that is not likely
to be life-threatening.
4. Fire signs contain a __________ symbol and/or text on a red background.
5. ___________________ maybe caused by open and not properly insulated cable,
workers are advised to regularly check electrical wiring connection.
6-7. Arc rays can damage both _________ and ________, so wear proper protective
clothing and filter lenses.
8.___________________ arise from inhaling chemical agents in the form of vapor
gases, dust, fumes, mist, or by skin contact with these materials.

9. __________________ are improperly designed tools or work areas, improper lifting

or reaching, poor visual conditions or repeated motions in an awkward position
that may be responsible for fatigue, stress and strain and may lead to accidents
in the occupational environment.
10. _______________ are signs which warn of a hazard or hazardous condition is
likely life threatening.

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 18
Additional Activities
1. biological hazards
2. Mandatory signs
3. Warn
4. white
5. Electric shock
6. Eyes
7. Skin
8. Chemical hazards
9. Ergonomic Hazards
10. Danger Signs
What’s New
I.
1. Physical Hazards- hazards due to the transfer of energy between an object and a worker
2. Chemical Hazards- arise from inhaling chemical agents in the form of vapor gases, dust,
fumes, mist, or by skin contact with these materials
3. Ergonomic Hazards- hazards commonly seen in the workplace
4. Biological Hazards - caused by living organisms which include insects, molds, fungi, viruses,
and bacterial contamination
5. Environmental Hazards - a substance, a state or an event which has the potential to threaten
the surrounding natural environment
II.
1. Danger Signs
2. Prohibition signs
3. Mandatory signs
4. Fire Signs
Assessment What’s More What I Know
1. B 1. j I.
2. D 2. i 1. C
3. A 3. h 2. D
4. B 4. g 3. E
5. C 5. f 4. B
6. A 6. e 5. A
7. C 7. d II.
8. B 8. c 1. T
9. B 9. b 2. F
10. A 10. a 3. T
4. T
5. F
Answer Key
References

Reynaldo G. Castillo and Lino Santelices, Learning Module on Shielded Metal Arc
Work SMAW (Exploratory Course in Technology and Livelihood Education, Grade 7
and Grade 8), 70-83.

https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2014/04/01/Be-Prepared.aspx?Page=1

https://www.ishn.com/articles/108715-welding-safety-whats-new-and-what-you-
should-know
https://www.safetysign.com/welding-signs

https://www.safetysign.com/products/5590/warning-welding-area-sign

Images were also taken from Learning Module on Shielded Metal Arc Work SMAW
(Exploratory Course in Technology and Livelihood Education, Grade 7 and Grade 8)
by Reynaldo G. Castillo and Lino Santelices

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

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