Patterns of Violence Victimization

in Canada
Chapter 4
 General Patterns

• GSS 2009 measured victimization of 3 categories of

crime
• 1. ________________________
Violent victimization
• 2. theft of _____________
personal property
• 3. ______________
household victimization
• See p.64
 General Patterns

• No change in violent victimization- ________

1 in 4
Canadians victims (25%)
• __________in
Increase personal property theft and household
____________
victimization
• Differences in the types of victimization
bw
______________________
men and women

• Sexual assault __________

5x higher for women
• Men more likely to report physical assaults and
_________________
robbery
• Gays and lesbians _________
2.5 x higher victimization
 General Patterns

• Young people generally at ___________

higher risk
• Ages 15-24
·Y ______
1.5 x higher ; people over 65 ________
lowest
rates
• Single higher risk versus ___________or
common law married
__________
• People looking for _______and
work _________
students highest

rates of violent victimization; lowest ________

retired
people
• Income of less than ____________
$20,000 higher risk
• See p.67-70
 Characteristics of Violent Incidents

• 1/3 of violent incidents occurred in ___________

_____ commercial
or _________
public institutions (excluding spousal abuse)
• ¼ presence of a _________
•
weaponzl
¾ involved one accused, _____males ages 12-17, 18-
34 homicide
• ______time
1/2 accused known to the victim
• ___
1/3 violent incidents reported to the police
&
• Robbery the highest and sexual assault the lowest
 Why or Why not report crime?

• Why report: • Why not report:

•ATheir _____
both to report • A Not _______________
important enough
• Wanted offender • Did not want ________
police
__________
arrested involved
• Wanted to stop the • It was a _______
personal matter
__________
vorence • Thought police
_______ could
• Wanted protection from not do anything about it
the ________
Offender • ________ offender
* Feared

insurand claim
• Make an _______ would __________
retaliate
 Violence and Abuse in Family Relationships

Intimate partner violence

• Actual or threatened violence committed
against persons by their current or former
spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend.
 Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence
Include

Common couple violence

-Refers to occasional acts of violence
-Typically does not get out of hand

Intimate terrorism
-Systematic acts of violence and use of economic subordination

Violent resistance
-Violence committed by a women in self defense

Mutual violent control

-Two intimate partners battle for control
Cycle of Abuse
 Spousal Abuse

General Social Survey (2009)

• Both ____________________
men and women reported similar rates
of violence, however, women experienced more
________ and repeated abuse
serious
-34% of women reported sexual assault at hands of partner
-21% women, 11% of men reported more than 10 incidents
 Who’s Vulnerable?

Certain segments of the population are more vulnerable.

Who?
certain segment of population more vulnerable:
-across all socio-demographic groups
-young 25-34
-who live in common law relationships
-in relationship for less than 3 years
-aboriginals

t "What is a
profile oran intimate
partner
Victim
 Family Violence Against Children and
Youth
we
because
see
it most
can - common
Child Abuse No
• Physical
______ or _____
mental injury, sexual
____ abuse, _______,
neglect
maltreatment of a person under the age of 18

90% of child abuse goes unreported

 Family Violence Against Children and
Youth
• CUCR2) and welfare
Dependent on data from police ________
__________
agencies
Data indicates:
• underreported
_____________ due to lack of knowledge, Fear___ of
abuser, or lack of a trusted authority
_______ figure
• Children under 18_________________________
account for 21% of

_________________________________________
Canadas population
Account for ____
25% of all _______
Police reported sexual and
________ abuse
physical
 Children and Youth Violence

• Girls age _______

12-14 most at risk for sexual assault by a
family member
• Boys age _______
5-88 most at risk overall (54%)
• Physical assault: boys at greatest risk under
age 12. girls greatest risk 13-17

• Parents account for 70% of assult

physical
and 40% OF SA

• ____
98' of accused of sexual assault were _____
men

I
Family Violence Against Older Adults

Elder Abuse
•Includes _______,
physical psychological, and financial
abuse
mon
Neglect most
•______
unreasonable confinement
•__________________
•___________________,
Lack of supervision abandonment

Examples?
 Family Violence Against Older Adults
• Increased dependency puts elderly at ________
riSV
Data indicates:
• _____
I' of elderly GSS (1999) reported abuse by
I

spouse
• Across all socio demographic
____________________
groups
• Police reports state _____
older females victims most at
risk of __________________________________
Victimization by
family member
• Common assault is most common, followed by
uttering threats
• Who is the offender?
generally melle perpetrators (spouse, brother,
brother-in-law)