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CP 104 Module 13
CP 104 Module 13
Module
in
CROP PROT 104
College of CAFES
BSA
2
Module No. 13
VIMBEE A. ERESUELA
Instructor 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Cover page 1
Title Page 2
Table of Contents 3
Introduction 5
Chapter
Overview 6
Learning outcomes 6
Pre-test 6
A. Time Allotment 6
B. Discussion 6
b. Agroecology 9
C. Activities/Exercises 12
D. Evaluation/Post-test 13
References 14
INTRODUCTION
classroom teaching and learning delivery. The instructor will facilitate and explain the
module to the students to achieve its expected learning outcomes, activities and to
This module will help you to understand The Cultural control of pest and Agriecology.
CHAPTER XIII
Overview
Module 13 covers the topic about the cultural control and agroecology.
Learning Outcomes:
Pre-test
Directions: To start off, you have to answer the pre-test for you to measure how
much you know about the topic. You can start now. Each question is worth 1 point.
Read each question fully and carefully take your time. GOD BLESS!
Test 1. True or False. Write the word True if the statement is correct and the word
False if the statement is wrong.
1. The main purpose of cultural control is to make the environment less favorable for the pest
and more favorable for its natural enemies.
2. The Goal of Agroecology is to develop and manage sustainable agroecosystems.
3. agroecology define as control of insect pests through adoption of ordinary farm practices
in appropriate time in such a way that insects are either eliminated or reduced in population
4. The principles of agroecology and sustainability is to used sound knowledge on pest
ecology and large-scale adoption
5. Cultural control is a whole-systems approach to food, feed, and fiber production that
balances environmental soundness, social equity, and economic viability among all sectors of
the public, including international and intergenerational peoples.
Discussion
farm practices in appropriate time in such a way that insects are either eliminated or reduced
in population’.
The cultural practices may lead to the control of insect pest either by directly affecting
their growth and multiplication or by minimizing the chance of their attack on plants.
The main purpose of cultural control is to make the environment less favorable for the
pest and more favorable for its natural enemies.
Advantages
• No extra cost
• No costly inputs
• No special equipment
• Minimum cost of labor, if required
• Minimum chance for biotype selection
• No health hazards- ecologically sound
• No harmful effects on non-target organisms
• Good component in IPM
Disadvantages
• Prophylactic in nature
• Timing decides success
• No complete control
• Requires long term planning
•
Agroecology
Sustainable agriculture:
A whole-systems approach to food, feed, and fiber production that balances
environmental soundness, social equity, and economic viability among all sectors of the
public, including international and intergenerational peoples. Inherent in this definition is the
idea that sustainability must be extended not only globally but indefinitely in time, and to all
living organisms including humans.
Sustainable Agroecosystems:
• Maintain their natural resource base.
• Rely on minimum artificial inputs from outside the farm system.
• Manage pests and diseases through internal regulating mechanisms.
• Recover from the disturbances caused by cultivation and harvest.
• Minimize Toxics
o Reduce or eliminate the use of materials that have the potential to harm the
environment or the health of farmers, farm workers, or consumers.
o Use farming practices that reduce or eliminate environmental pollution with
nitrates, toxic gases, or other materials generated by burning or overloading
agroecosystems with nutrients.
Conserve Resources
Conserve Soil
• Conserve Water
o Dry farm.
o Use efficient irrigation systems.
• Conserve Energy
o Use energy efficient technologies.
• Conserve genetic resources
o Save seed.
o Maintain local landraces.
o Use heirloom varieties.
• Conserve Capital
o Keep bank debt to a minimum.
o Reduce expenditures.
• Reestablish ecological relationships that can occur naturally on the farm instead of
reducing and simplifying them.
• Manage pests, diseases, and weeds instead of “controlling” them.
• Use intercropping and cover cropping
• Integrate Livestock
• Enhance beneficial biota
1. In soils
o Mycorrhizae
o Rhizobia
o free-living nitrogen fixers
2. Beneficial insects
o Provide refugia for beneficials.
o Enhance beneficial populations by breed and release programs.
• Recycle Nutrients
1. Shift from throughflow nutrient management to recycling of nutrients.
2. Return crop residues and manures to soils.
3. When outside inputs are necessary, sustain their benefits by recycling them
• Minimize Disturbance
1. Use reduced tillage or no-till methods
2. Use mulches
3. Use perennials
Diversify
• Landscapes
1. Maintain undisturbed areas as buffer zones.
2. Use contour and strip tillage.
3. Maintain riparian buffer zones.
4. Use rotational grazing.
• Biota
1. Intercrop.
2. Rotate crops.
3. Use polyculture.
4. Integrate animals in system.
5. Use multiple species of crops and animals on farm.
6. Use multiple varieties and landraces of crops and animals on farm.
• Economics
1. Avoid dependence on single crops/products.
2. Use alternative markets.
3. Organic markets.
4. Community Supported Agriculture
5. "Pick your own" marketing.
6. Add value to agricultural products.
7. Process foods before selling them.
8. Find alternative incomes.
9. Agrotourism
10. Avoid dependence on external subsidies.
11. Use multiple crops to diversify seasonal timing of production over the year.
Empower People
• Ensure that local people control their development process.
• Use indigenous knowledge
• Promote multi-directional transfer of knowledge, as opposed to "top-down" knowledge
transfer.
1. Teach experts and farmers to share knowledge, not "impose" it.
• Engage in people-centric development.
• Increase farmer participation.
1. Link farmers with consumers
• Strengthen communities.
1. Encourage local partnerships between people and development groups.
2. Ensure intergenerational fairness.
• Guarantee agricultural labor.
1. Ensure equitable labor relations for farm workers.
• Teach principles of agroecology & sustainability.
Value Health
• Human Health
• Cultural Health
• Environmental Health
1. Value most highly the overall health of agroecosystems rather than the
outcome of a particular crop system or season.
2. Eliminate environmental pollution by toxics and surplus nutrients.
• Animal Health
• Plant Health
Principles
1. Enhance recycling of biomass and optimizing nutrient availability and
balancing nutrient flow.
2. Securing favorable soil conditions for plant growth, particularly by managing
organic matter and enhancing soil biotic activity.
3. Minimizing losses due to flows of solar radiation, air and water by way of
microclimate management, water harvesting and soil management through
increased soil cover.
4. Species and genetic diversification of the agroecosystem in time and space.
5. Enhance beneficial biological interactions and synergisms among
agrobiodiversity components thus resulting in the promotion of key ecological
processes and services.
D. Activities/Exercises
Let’s do this…
1. Give cultural control of controlling Pest. You can search to the internet.
2. What is agroecology.
E. Evaluation/Post-test
Test 1. True or False. Write the word True if the statement is correct and the word
False if the statement is wrong.
1. The main purpose of cultural control is to make the environment less favorable for the pest
and more favorable for its natural enemies.
2. The Goal of Agroecology is to develop and manage sustainable agroecosystems.
3. agroecology define as control of insect pests through adoption of ordinary farm practices
in appropriate time in such a way that insects are either eliminated or reduced in population
4. The principles of agroecology and sustainability is to used sound knowledge on pest
ecology and large-scale adoption
5. Cultural control is a whole-systems approach to food, feed, and fiber production that
balances environmental soundness, social equity, and economic viability among all sectors of
the public, including international and intergenerational peoples.
References
https://www.slideshare.net/KarlLouisseObispo/cultural-control-of-pest
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