Members:

Hely Grace Deduayan

Edmar Grace Diaz
Melanie Estrellanes
Lester Khiets Roa
Mary Nell Sazon
James Vincent Tono

FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGEBRA

1. Find three consecutive odd integers such that three times the second minus the third is 11 more
than the first.

a) 9, 10, 15
b) 9, 11, 13
c) 7, 9, 11
d) 7, 11, 15

Solution: Let x – first odd integer

x+2 – second integer
x+4 – third integer

3(second integer) – third integer = first + 11

3(x+2) – (x+4) = x + 11
3x + 6 – x – 4 = x + 11
2x + 2 = x + 11
2x – 2 = 11 – 2
x=9
Therefore, the three integers are x = 9, x + 2 = 11, and x + 4 = 13

2. The difference of two numbers is 67. The larger number is 3 less than six times the smaller
number. Find the two numbers.

a) 14 & 34
b) 14 & 79
c) 14 & 81
d) 14 & 15

Solution: Let x be the smaller number, then the larger number can be written as 6x – 3. The
difference of these two numbers is 67. Algebraically,

larger number – smaller number = 67

(6x – 3) – x = 67
5x – 3 = 67
x = 14 smaller number
6x – 3 = 81 larger number
3. A fungus culture under controlled conditions doubles in size each day. How many units will the
culture contain after 7 days if it originally contained 5 units?

a) 456
b) 308
c) 971
d) 635

Solution: Since the culture doubles in size each day, r = 2. Solving for the size of the culture
witha 1=5, n = 7 and using the formula for the sum,

5 ( 2 )7−5 5 ( 128 )−5

S7 = = =640−5=635
2−1 1

4. Find the third term of ( 4 x+12 )12

a) 1650 ( 4 x )10
10
b) 1550 ( 4 x )
9
c) 1650 ( 4 x )
9
d) 1550 ( 4 x )

12 ! 12!
Solution: ( 4 x )12−(3−1) (5 )3−1= ( 4 x )10 ( 5 )2=1650 ( 4 x )10
[ 12−( 3−1 ) ] ! ( 3−1 ) ! 10 !2 !

5. A pile of wood has 15 logs in the bottom row, 13 logs in the next bottom row, and so on, with two
less logs in each row until the top row which consist of 1 log. How many logs are there in the pile?

a) 64
b) 61
c) 70
d) 46

Solution: The total number of logs will be the sum of the series
15 + 13 + 11 + … + 1.
Let’s find first n, which is the number of rows in the pile with d = 13 – 15 = - 2.
a n=a1 + ( n−1 ) d 2 n=16

1=15+ ( n−1 ) (−2 ) n=8

−14=−2 n+2

Using the formula of Sn yields,

 8
S8 = ( 15+1 )=4 ( 16 )=64
2

6. Find the value of log (ab)b.

a.) b2 log a
b.) 2b log a
c.) ab log a
d.) a2b log a

b
Solution: log ( ab ) =b ∙b log a=b 2 log a

7. The logarithms of the quotient and the product of two numbers are -0.2632414348 and
1.819543936, respectively. Find the numbers.

a.) 6 and 9
b.) 11 and 6
c.) 7 and 9
d.) 6 and 5

Solution:
x −0.2632414348 x
log 10 ¿−0.2632414348 10 = eq. 1
y y
log 10 xy ¿ 1.819543936 101.819543936 =xy eq. 2

Multiplying equation 1 and 2, we have

10
−0.2632414348
( 101.819543936 ) = x (xy )
y
x 2=36
x=6

Substitute to eq. 1 or 2 y = 11

19
2 1
8. The constant term in the expansion of (x + 13
) is:
x3
a.) 27132
b.) 27321
c.) 23721
d.)23712

−13
Solution: 2
(x + x 3 )
19

19 Cr a 19−r b r
 x0 = (x2)19-r + (x-13/3)r
0=2 (19−r ) + ( )
−13
3
r

r=6
19 C 6 ¿

9. The sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (3 x+ 4 y + z−4)5 (x +4 y+ 9)3

a.)3566552
b.) 3556352
c.) 3552563
d.) 5356352

Solution:
Let all variables equal to 1.
5 3 5 3
{[3(1)+ 4( 1)+( 1)−4 ] [1+ 4(1)+9] }−{ (−4 ) ( 9 ) }=3556352

10. Mario is 36 years old. Mario is thrice as old as Luigi was when Mario was as old as Luigi now.
How old is Luigi?

a.) 18
b.) 20
c.) 22
d.) 24

Solution:
Mario Luigi
Past L 36/3=12
Present 36 L
Since the difference in their age does not change, by equating them we have;
L-12=36-L
L=24
Check:
Their gap is 36-24=12. So when Mario is 24, Luigi was 12, and 36
(Mario’s age now) is thrice of 12 (Luigi’s past age).

11. Solve the simultaneous equation:

2x² - 3y² = 6
3x² + 2y² = 35

a) x = 3 or -3 ; y = 2 or -2
b) x = 3 or -3 ; y = -2 or 1
c) x = 3 or -3 ; y = -2 or -1
d) x = 3 or -3 ; y = 2 or -3

Solution:
 (2x2 – 3y2 = 6) 3 (3x2 + 2y2 = 35) 2

6x2 – 9y2 = 18 (Eq. 1) 6x2 + 4y2 = 70 (Eq. 2)

Subtract equation1 from equation 2:
6x2 + 4y2 – (6x2 – 9y2) = 70 – 18 6x 2 – 9(2)2 = 18
13y2 = 52 6x 2 = 54
y = ±2 x = ±3

12. If 16 is 4 more than 4x, find 5x-1.

a) 14
b) 3
c) 12
d) 5

Solution:
16 = 4x + 4 5x - 1 = 5(3) - 1
x=3 5x-1= 14

13. The arithmetic mean of 6 numbers is 24. If two numbers are added to the progression, the new
set of numbers will have an arithmetic mean of 22. What are the two numbers if their difference is
4?

a) 21, 35
b) 23, 27
c) 14, 18
d) 16, 20

Solution: Let x = the first number

x + 4 = second number
y = sum of the original 6 numbers

y
Arithmetic mean = =24
6
y=24 ( 6 )=144
y+ x+(x+ 4)
=22
6+ 2
144+2 x+ 4
=22
8
148+2 x=22(8)
x=14
x + 4 = 18

(b ¿¿ 2−16)
14. Solve for x: x=(b¿¿ 2−4 b+ 16) 2
¿¿
b +64
a)b 2+ 4
b−4
b)
b+2
2
b −4
c)
b+2
d) b−4

(b ¿¿ 2−16) (b¿¿ 2−4 b+ 16)(b−4)(b ∓ 4)

Solution: x=(b¿¿ 2−4 b+ 16) 2
= 2
¿¿¿
b +64 (b+ 4)(b ¿ ¿2−4 b+4 )=b−4 ¿

15. Simplify: ¿ ¿

1
a.) 27 5
x y z
1
b.) 2 7 3
x y z
1
c.) 2 5 7
x y z
1
d.) 5 7 2
x y z

Solution:
3 −1 −3
( x−6 y−9 z 6)( x 2 y 2
z2)
¿¿ = −5 −5 15
2 2 2
(x y z )
3 5 1 5 3 15
−6+ + −9− + 6− −
2 2 2 2 2 2
¿x zy
−2 −7 −3 1
¿x y z = 2 7 3
x y z

16. What is the value of (log 5 to the base 4) + (log 5 to the base 3)?

a.) 2.63
b.) 3.79
c.) 2.36
d.) 3.97

Solution:
log 10 5 log 10 5
log 4 5+ log 3 5= + =2.63
log 10 4 log 10 3

17. Find x if log 3 ( x+ 3 ) +log 3 ( x−3 )=2.

a) 2 √ 2
b) 2 √ 3
c) 3 √ 3
d) 3 √ 2

Solution: Using the product rule of logarithms,

log 3 ( x+ 3 ) +log 3 ( x−3 )=2
log 3 ( x+ 3 ) ( x −3 )=log 3 ( x 2−9 )=2
2 2
x −9=3
2
x −9=9
x=3 √ 2

18. Solve for the value of x in the following equation: x 4 logx =1000 x
a.) 12
b.) 8
c.) 10
d.) 30

Solution: Take logarithm on both sides:

4 logx
logx =log 1000 x

4 (logx)(logx)=log 1000+logx
2
4 (logx) =3+ log x
2
4 ( logx ) −log x−3=0
(4 ( logx ) +3)¿

Equating factors to zero:

( 4 ( logx ) +3 ) =0
¿
−3
( logx )=
4
x=0.17782794 … (absurd)

¿
¿
x=10

19. Solve for x in the equations:

x y
27 =9
y −x
81 3 =243
a.) 1
b.) 1.5
c.) 2
d.) 2.5
Solution :
y −x
81 3 =243
(3)4 y 3− x =35 equation 1
x y
27 =9
(3)3 x =(3)2 y

Squaring both sides;

(3)6 x =(3)4 y equation 2

Substitute equation 2 in equation 1

6x −x 5
(3) 3 =3
6 x−x=5
5 x=5
x=1

20. Solve for x from the given equation: √ 8 √ 2 √ 8 x=2

4 3

a.) 5
b.) 3
c.) 2
d.) 4

Solution:
√ 8 √ 2 √ 8 x=2
4 3

By raising both sides to exponent 4:

8 √ 2 √ 8 x=( 2 ) =16
3 4

By raising both sides to exponent 3:

2 √ 8 x= ( 2 ) =8
3

By raising both sides to exponent 2:

2
8 x=( 4 ) =16
x=2

21. Two numbers x and y (x>y) such that their sum is equal to three times their difference. Then
2 xy
the value of 2 2 will be
4(x − y )

1
a)
2
1
b)
3
2
c)
3
 1
d)
4

Solution: x + y = 3 (x-y)
x + y = 3x-3y
x – 3x = -3y – y
-2x = -4y
x = 2y
Therefore,
2 xy (2)(2 y)( y )
2 2 = 2
4 ( x − y ) 4 ( ( 2 y ) − y 2)
2
4y
= 2 2
4 (4 y − y )
4 y2
=
12 y 2
1
=
3

a b c a+b+c
22. If = = , then is equal to
2 4 6 c

a) 0
b) 1
c) 1/2
d) 2

a b c
Solution: Let = = =x
2 4 6
Or a = 2x , b = 4x , c = 6x
a+b+ c 2 x +4 x+6 x
=
c 6x
12 x
= =2
6x

23. If the roots of the quadratic equation a x 2 +bx+ c=0 are 4 and 6 and a, b, and c are all whole
numbers, finda+ b+c .

a) 15
b) 35
c) 27
d) 23

Solution: If the roots of a x 2 +bx+ c=0 are 4 and 6, then

( x−4 ) ( x−6 ) =0
x 2−10 x+ 24=0
Thus, a = 1 , b = -10 , c = 24
a + b + c = 1 + (-10) + 24 = 15
24. Find x if log 3 ( x+ 3 ) +log 3 ( x−3 )=2.

a) 2 √2
b) 2 √3
c) 3 √3
d) 3 √2

Solution: Using the product rule of logarithms,

log 3 ( x+ 3 ) +log 3 ( x−3 )=2
log 3 ( x+ 3 ) ( x −3 )=log 3 ( x −9 )=2
2

2 2
x −9=3
2
x −9=9
x=3 √ 2

POLYNOMIALS

1. Using the figure below, find the area of the shaded region.

7 x +8

2x 3 x−2
5 x+ 2

2
a) 11 x +6 x−16
2
b) 11 x −6 x−16
2
c) 11 x +6 x +16
2
d) 11 x −6 x+16

Solution: area of the bigger rectangle = length x width

= (7 x +8)(3 x−2)
= 21 x2 +10 x−16
area of the smaller triangle = length x width
= (5 x+ 2)(2 x)
= 10 x 2+ 4 x
area of the smaller triangle = length x width
 = ¿+10x-16) -(10x^2+4x)
= 11 x2 +6 x−16

2
5x
2. If 5x = 7y then 2 is equal to
7x

5
a.)
7
7
b.)
5
5
c.)
3
3
d.)
5

Solution:
x 7
5x=7y then =
y 5
By squaring the equation, we get
x 2 49
=
y 2 25

5 x 5 ( 49 ) 7
2
= =
7 y 7 ( 25 ) 5
2

5 x+ 7
3. Resolve 2 into partial fraction.
10 x −13 x−3

−29 31
a.) +
17(2 x−3) 17(5 x +1)
17 −17
b.) +
29(2 x−3) 30(5 x+1)
−29 30
c.) +
17(2 x−3) 17(5 x +1)
29 −30
d.) +
17(2 x−3) 17(5 x +1)

Solution: 10 x 2−13 x −3=(2 x −3)(5 x +1)

Then:

5 x+ 7 A B
2
= + eq.1
10 x −13 x−3 ( 2 x−3) (5 x+1)

[ 5 x+7
=
A
+
B
10 x −13 x−3 ( 2 x−3 ) ( 5 x+1 )
2 ]
( 2 x−3 )( 5 x+ 1 )
 5 x+ 7= A ( 5 x+ 1 )+ B(2 x−3) eq. 2
When x=0
5 (0 ¿+7= A [5 ( 0 ) =1]+B [2(0)−3]
7=A−3 B
A=7+3 B eq.3

Equating coefficients of the same degree(x) from eq 2, we have

5x = (5A+2B) x but A=7+3 B
5 = 5A+2B
5 = 5(7+3 B) + 2B
−30
B=
17
at eq 3:
29
A=
17

Therefore,
5 x+ 7 29 −30
= +
10 x −13 x−3 17( 2 x−3) 17 (5 x +1)
2

To check, let x=2

17 17
=
11 11

4. When (x-3) (x+5)+3 is divided by x-k, the remainder is k. Find the value of k.

a.) 5 and -2
b.) 2 and -5
c.) 3 and -4
d.) -3 and -4

Solution: ( x−3 ) ( x+ 5 ) +3=x 2 +2 x−12

By remainder theorem:
2
P ( k )=k +2 k−12=k
2
k +2 k −12=k
2
k + k−12=0
Therefore;
k=3 ; k=-4

5. Find k in the equation 3 x 2+ kx+ 12=0 so that it will have one real root.

a.) 10
b.) -10
c.) 12
d.) -13
Solution:

To have only one real root, the discrimantb 2−4 ac=0 must be satisfied
2
b −4 ac=0
2
k =4 ac
k 2=4 (3)(12)
2
k =144
k =12
So,
2
b −4 ac=0
2
12 −4 ( 3 ) ( 12 )=0
0=0

6. In the expression of ( x +4 y )12 , the numerical coefficient of the 5th term is,

a.) 63,360
b.) 126,720
c.) 506,880
d.) 253,440

Solution:
( x +4 y )12

n−r +1
5th term ¿ nC r−1 ( x ) ( 4 y )r −1 where n = 12, r = 5
12−5+1
5th term ¿ 12C 5−1 ( x ) ( 4 y )5−1
12!
¿ ( x ) 8 ( 4 y )4
(12−4 ) ! 4 !
5 term ¿ 126,720 x8 y 4
th

7. Find the quotient of 3 x 5−4 x3 +2 x 2+36 x + 48 divided by x 3−2 x 2+6 .

a.) 3 x 2−4 x −8
b.) 3 x 2+ 4+ 8
c.) 3 x 2−6 x−8
d.) 3 x 2+ 6 x +8

Solution:

By Long Division:
2
3 x + 6 x +8
x 3−2 x 2+6 √ 3 x 5−4 x3 +2 x 2+ 36 x + 48
(−¿ 3 x 5−6 x 4 +18 x 2
 6 x 4 −4 x 3−16 x 2 +36 x
¿
3 2
8 x −16 x + 48
¿
0

8. Find the remainder if we divide 4 y 3+ 18 y 2 +8 y −4 by (2 y +3)

a.) 11
b.) 13
c.) 10
d.) 15

Solution:
f ( y ) =4 y 3 +18 y 2 +8 y−4
divisor =2 y+ 3= y −
−3
2 [ ]
Using remainder theorem,
Remainder = f [ ]
−3
2

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
3 2
−3 −3 −3 −3
f =4 +18 +8 −4
2 2 2 2

f [ ]
−3
2
=11

100
9. What is the fourth term of the expansion of ( x + x 2 ) ?
a.) 1650 x103
b.) 161700 x103
c.) 167100 x103
d.) 167100 x100

Solution:
100
( x + x2)
r −1
4th term ¿ nC r−1 ( x )n−r +1 ( x2 ) where n = 100, r = 4
4−1
4th term ¿ 100 C 4−1 ( x )100− 4+1 ( x 2)
 10!
¿ ( x )97 ( x )6
(100−3 ) ! 3 !
4 term ¿ 161,700 x103
th

10. What is the sum of the coefficients of the expansion of ( 2 x−1 )20?

a.) 0
b.) 3
c.) 1
d.) 5

Solution :
Substitute 1 to x, calculate, then subtract a value of (−1 )20 from the result.
20
Sum of the coefficients = [ ( 2 ) (1 )−1 ] −(−1 )20=0

11. Find the sum of the coefficient in the expansion of ( 3 x+ 2 y +2 z )5.

a) 16807
b) 243
c) 16817
d) 234

Solution: To get the sum of the coefficients in the expansion, replace all the variables with 1.

5
Sum= ( 3 ( 1 ) +2 (1 ) +2 ( 1 ) ) =16807

( )
10
1
12. Find the 8th term of the expansion −4 .
3x
983040
a) 3
3281 x
983400
b)
3281 x3
−983040
c)
3281 x 3
−983400
d) 3
3281 x

n! n−r +1 r −1
Solution: rth term = a b
( n−r + 1 ) ! ( r −1 ) !
1
a= ,b=−4 , r=8
3x
10 !
8th term = ¿
( 10−8+1 ) ! ( 8−1 ) !
 8th term = ( 120 ) ( 1
6562 x
3 )
(−16384 )=
−983040
3281 x
3

12
13. Find the middle term of the expansion ( x 2−2 ) .
a) 59163 x12
b) 59136 x 12
c) 519363 x12
d) 59136 x 12

n! n−r +1 r −1
Solution: rth term = a b
( n−r + 1 ) ! ( r −1 ) !
n
For the middle term, r = +1
2
12
, r = +1=7(7 thterm)
2
a=x 2 , b=−2
12 !
Middle term = ¿
( 12−7+1 ) ! ( 7−1 ) !
Middle term = ( 924 x12 ) (−2 )6
Middle term = 59136 x 12

( ) is,
12
2 1
14. The constant term in the expansion of x + 1 /2
x
a) 792
b) 495
c) 924
d) 220

( ) is,
12
2 1
Solution: The constant term in the expansion of x +
x 1 /2
The term that contains x 0.
n! n−r +1 r −1
The rth term of ( a+ b )nis a b ,
( n−r + 1 ) ! ( r −1 ) !
1
a=x ,b= ,∧n=12
Where 1
x 2

n−r+1 r −1
a b =x 12−r +1 ¿
13−r
x 0
( r−1) /2
=x
x
( 13−r ) −(r−1)/2
x =x 0 , (But if x a=x 0 , thena=b ¿
13−r− + =0
r
2
1
2 ()( )
r =9
12 !
9th term = ¿
( 12−9+1 ) ! ( 9−1 ) !
 9th term = 495 x 4 /x 4
9th term = 495

15. What is the numerical coefficient of the term next to 525 x 8 y 4

a) 660
b) 792
c) 990
d) 840

( Coefficient of the PT ) (Exponent of x )

Solution: Coefficient of the next term =
( Exponent of y )+ 1
( 525 ) (8)
Coefficient of the next term = =840
4+1

16. What is the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (2 x−1)20 ?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

Solution: Substitute one (1) to x, calculate, then subtract a value of (−1)20.

20
Sum of Coefficients = [ ( 2 ) (1 )−1 ] −(−1)20=0

17. Solve for the x that satisfies the equation: 6 x 2−7 x−5=0.
5 −1
a) or
3 2
3 3
b) or
2 8
7 −7
c) or
5 15
3 3
d) or
5 4

Solution: Using Quadratic Formula:

7 ± √(7) −4 (6 ) (−5)
2
x=
2(6)
7 ±13
x=
12
 5 −1
Thus: x1 = x2 =
3 2

18. Find the value of a, if x- a is a factor of x 3−ax 2−2 x−a−1.

3
a)
2
1
b)
3
1
c)
2
d) 1

Solution: Let p(x) = x 3−ax 2−2 x−a−1

Given that x – a is a factor of p(x): p(a) = 0

3 2
a −a( a) −2(a)−a−1= 0
3 3
a −a −2 a−a−1= 0
3a – 1 = 0
1
a=
3

19. Cube the binomial ( 3 x+ 4 )3

a) 27 x 3+ 108 x 2 +144 x +64

3 2
b) 27 x + 108 x −144 x +64
c) 27 x 3−108 x 2+144 x −64
3 2
d) 27 x −108 x −144 x−64

Solution:

( 3 x+ 4 )3=( 3 x )3 +3 ( 3 x )2 ( 4 ) +3 ( 3 x )( 4 )2 + ( 4 )3
= 27 x 3+ ( 12 ) ( 9 x 2 ) + ( 9 x )( 16 )+ 64
= 27 x 3 108 x 2+ 144 x+ 64
20. Factor: 21 y 2+14 y−15 y−10

a) (3 y +2)¿ )
b) (3 y +2)¿ )
c) (3 y−2) ¿)
d) (3 y−2) ¿)
Solution: 21 y 2+14 y−15 y−10=( 21 y 2+14 y ) +(−15 y −10)
= 7 y ( 3 y +2 )−5 ( 3 y +2 )
= (3 y +2)(7 y−5)