Regular Verbs

base call clean look talk end wait kiss wash live love beg sin play stay cry

-s form calls cleans looks talks ends waits kisses washes lives loves begs sins plays stays cries studies

past called cleaned looked talked ended waited kissed washed lived loved begged sinned played stayed cried studied died tied

past participle called cleaned looked talked ended waited kissed washed lived loved begged sinned played stayed cried studied died tied

-ing form calling cleaning looking talking ending waiting kissing washing living loving begging sinning playing staying crying studying dying tying

die tie

dies ties

Notes: 1. Pronunciation differences in past/past participle after /p, s, k, f/ sounds 2. Pronunciation differences in past/past participle after /t, d/ sounds

3. 4. 5. 6.

Spelling and pronunciation differences in -s form after /s, sh, ch, z/ sounds Dropping of "silent e" with -ing endings Doubled consonants after "short" vowel sounds Spelling differences when "y" is preceded by a consonant

Irregular Verbs

base cut fit hit let put quit set shut split upset burst cast cost hurt spread knit sit spit begin swim ring sing spring cling fling sling sting swing wring hang

-s form cuts fits hits lets puts quits sets shuts splits upsets bursts casts costs hurts spreads knits sits spits begins swims rings sings springs clings flings slings stings swings wrings hangs

past cut fit hit let put quit set shut split upset burst cast cost hurt spread knit/knitted sat spat/spit began swam rang sang sprang clung flung slung stung swung wrung hung/hanged**

past participle cut fit hit let put quit set shut split upset burst cast cost hurt spread knit/knitted sat spat/spit begun swum rung sung sprung clung flung slung stung swung wrung hung/hanged

-ing form cutting fitting hitting letting putting quitting setting shutting splitting upsetting bursting casting costing* hurting spreading knitting sitting spitting beginning swimming ringing singing springing clinging flinging slinging stinging swinging wringing hanging

drink shrink stink think bring buy seek fight catch teach creep keep sleep sweep weep bleed breed feed flee lead speed meet bend lend send spend deal feel kneel dream mean spill build

drinks shrinks stinks thinks brings buys seeks fights catches teaches creeps keeps sleeps sweeps weeps bleeds breeds feeds flees leads speeds meets bends lends sends spends deals feels kneels dreams means spills builds

drank shrank stank thought brought bought sought fought caught taught crept kept slept swept wept bled bred fed fled led sped/speeded met bent lent sent spent dealt felt knelt dreamt/dreamed meant spilt/spilled built

drunk shrunk stunk thought brought bought sought fought caught taught crept kept slept swept wept bled bred fed fled led sped/speeded met bent lent sent spent dealt felt knelt dreamt/dreamed meant spilt/spilled built

sinking shrinking stinking thinking bringing buying seeking fighting catching teaching creeping keeping sleeping sweeping weeping bleeding breeding feeding fleeing leading speeding meeting bending lending sending spending dealing feeling kneeling dreaming meaning spilling building

burn hold sell tell find grind wind break choose freeze speak steal wake weave arise drive ride rise write bite hide slide get forget give forgive forbid fall swell dive blow fly grow

burns holds sells tells finds grinds winds breaks chooses freezes speaks steals wakes weaves arises drives rides rises writes bites hides slides gets forgets gives forgives forbids falls swells dives blows flies grows

burnt/burned held sold told found ground wound broke chose froze spoke stole woke wove arose drove rode rose wrote bit hid slid got forgot gave forgave forbade/forbad fell swelled dove/dived blew flew grew

burnt/burned held sold told found ground wound broken chosen frozen spoken stolen woken woven arisen driven ridden risen written bitten hidden slid gotten forgotten given forgiven forbidden fallen swollen dived blown flown grown

burning holding selling telling finding grinding winding breaking choosing freezing speaking stealing waking weaving arising driving riding rising writing biting hiding sliding getting forgetting giving forgiving forbidding falling swelling diving blowing flying growing

know throw draw withdraw show eat beat take forsake mistake shake make swear wear tear bear stand understand become come run dig spin stick strike do go have hear lay pay

knows throws draws withdraws shows eats beats takes forsakes mistakes shakes makes swears wears tears bears stands understands becomes comes runs digs spins sticks strikes does goes has hears lays pays

knew threw drew withdrew showed ate beat took forsook mistook shook making swore wore tore bore stood understood became came ran dug spun stuck struck did went had heard laid paid

known thrown drawn withdrawn shown eaten beaten taken forsaken mistaken shaken

knowing throwing drawing withdrawing showing eating beating taking forsaking mistaking shaking

sworn worn torn born stood understood become come run dug spun stuck struck/stricken done gone had heard laid paid

swearing wearing tearing bearing standing understanding becoming coming running digging spinning sticking striking doing going having hearing laying paying

say lie light lose leave prove read see sew shave shine shoot win be

says lies lights loses leaves proves reads sees sews shaves shines shoots wins is/are/am

said lay lit/lighted lost left proved read saw sewed shaved shined/shone <shot< td=""></shot<> won was/were

said lain lit/lighted lost left proven/proved read seen sewn/sewed shaven/shaved shined/shone shot won been

saying lying lighting losing leaving proving reading seeing sewing shaving shining shooting winning being

* "Cost" does not usually occur in the -ing form. ** "hang" has two different meanings and thus two usages in past/past participle