I.

Oxygen Absorber
1. Iron powder
 Chemical test: Prussian blue test, thiocyanate test, ferrous sulfate test, phenanthroline
test, tannin test, oxalate test, potassium thiocyanate test, sodium carbonate test
 Flame test = produce sparks when heated
2. Activated carbon
 Stain test - w/ Activated carbon, darker patches
3. Salt
 Flame test-bright yellow
 AgNO3 - white precipitate of Silver chloride
4. White carbon black
 Spectroscopy - molybdosilicate method (blue complex) & heteropoly blue method
(colored complex)
5. Calcium hydroxide
 pH test: pH>7
 Limewater test: cloudy solution due to CaCO3
 flame test: intense orange-red due to Calcium ions
6. Calcium chloride
 pH test: pH>7
 AgNO3: white precipitate
II. Ethylene absorber
1. Aluminum oxide
 Chemical spot test: white ppt formation
2. Potassium permanganate
 Visual inspection: deep purple/violet
 Solubility test: dissolve in water, violet solution
 Reduction test: with glycerol/H2O2, solution becomes light pink/colorless
3. Diatomaceous earth
 Microscopic: distinctive skeletal structure with tiny holes
 Absorbency test: gel-like consistency
4. Silicon dioxide
 Addition of base forms gelatinous substance
III. Clay desiccant
1. Calcium oxide
 Heat test: forms calcium hydroxide with water, exothermic, produce white/gray smoke
 Lime water test: cloudy calcium carbonate solution
2. Magnesium oxide
 Flame test: no changes, stable up to 2800°C
3. Iron oxide
 Visual: Iron oxide comes in various colors, including red (Fe2O3, hematite), black (Fe3O4,
magnetite), and yellow (FeOOH, goethite).
4. Zinc oxide
 Spot test: White precipitate
IV. Vacuum Bag
1. Nylon
 Flame test: melt and form a bead or drips
 Density test: specific density of around 1.1 to 1.2 g/cm³
V. Retort Bag
1. Polypropylene
 Density: 0.895 to 0.92 g/cm³
 Burn test: melt and form a bead
 IR: 2850-3000 cm^-1 (C-H stretching) and 1460-1470 cm^-1 (CH2 bending).
2. Chlorinated polyethylene
 Flame test: greenish flame and emit a chlorine-like odor.
 Density test: 1.2 to 1.4 g/cm³.
 Hot chloroform test: melt or swell
3. PET
 Density test: 1.38 g/cm³
 Burn test: melt and form a drip
 Chemical spot test: Molisch Reagent - formation of deep violet or purple ring
4. Vacuum metalized PET - petrochemicals (fossil fuel from crude oil); ethylene glycol and
terephthalic acid; Bio-Based Ethylene Glycol (sugarcane/corn); metal coat (Aluminum, copper,
silver, etc.)
 Visual inspection: shiny reflective surface
VI. Primary packaging
1. Polyurethane adhesive
 Chemical spot test: color changes
 Tensile testing: adhesive should be strong and wont separate
2. Water-based ink
 Smear test: will smear in water/alcohol
 heat test: less heat-resistant
3. PE (Polyethylene film)
 Burn test: does not melt easily
 density test: 0.910 to 0.940 g/cm³
 solubility test: no changes