2 腦下腺病理學-functional

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腦下腺病理學

1. Prolactinoma
➢ 最常見的 pituitary adenoma (~40%)
➢ 女>男
➢ 臨床表現
✓ Prolactin 過多 → 抑制 GnRH → LH, FSH↓

✓ 女:galactorrhea 溢乳, amenorrhea 停經


✓ 男:性功能下降
✓ 共同症狀:視力受損 (∵tumor 過大(>10mm)壓迫視神經→顳側偏盲)

➢ 治療
✓ DA agonist 抑制 prolactin 生成 (e.g. Bromocriptine or Cabergoline)
✓ Surgery (鼻內視鏡經蝶竇手術)
➢ 併發症(Peripartum cardiomyopathy(PPCM)臨產期的心肌病變)
✓ Bromocriptine 可治療心肌病變但同時會抑乳
✓ Anti-mir (miRNA 146a)可治療心肌病變但不會抑乳
2. Growth hormone cell adenoma (GH cell adenoma)
➢ 男>女
➢ 臨床表現
✓ 身長過快
✓ Acromegaly 肢端肥大
✓ 內臟肥大(e.g. Cardiac failure)
✓ 舌/ 唇/ 腮腺肥大
✓ 厚道

✓ Secondary DM( ∵GH 刺激糖質新生→血糖↑→DM)

➢ 診斷
✓ Insulin growth factor-1(IGF-1)↑
✓ GH >0.4µg/L during OGTT

➢ 治療
✓ Somatostatin analog 抑制 GH 生成(e.g. Octreotide)
✓ GH receptor antagonist
3. ACTH cell adenoma

➢ 釐清 Cushing's disease 和 Cushing's syndrome


✓ Cushing's syndrome→cortisol 長期過多所致
✓ Cushing's disease→專指 ACTH cell adenoma 所致的 Cushing's syndrome(佔比約 70%)
➢ 臨床表現
✓ Cushing's syndrome (因此也可稱 Cushing's disease)
➢ Cushing's syndrome 分類
✓ 藥物
✓ 非藥物
 ACTH 相關(80%)
◼ Cushing's disease (80%)
◼ 其他 tumor 引起的 paraneoplastic syndrome (20%)
 ACTH 無關(20%)(=腎上腺相關)
◼ Adenoma (60%)
◼ Carcinoma (40%)
4. TSH, LH, and FSH producing adenoma

➢ 相對於 Prolactinoma, GH cell adenoma, ACTH cell adenoma 極少見

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