GRADE 10 – SCIENCE

The earth — think it's solid as a rock?

Our planet might seem fixed and rigid,
but a closer look reveals that it is
constantly shifting under our feet.

Let us delve into the earth's interior, learn

about its tectonic plates and their
movements, and discover how mountains,
volcanoes, and earthquakes are formed.
Activity: Name the Earth Interior and give
their characteristic/s.
4.

3.

2.
1.
Earth Interior

It is divided into two region:

1. CONTINENTAL CRUST –
mainly made up of silicon, oxygen
aluminum, calcium, sodium and
potassium. The thickness of the
continental crust is 35 – 40 km.
Is made up of less dense rocks such as
GRANITE.
2. OCEANIC CRUST – is around 7 – 10 km
thick which its average thickness is 8 km. it
is found under the ocean floor and is made
of dense rocks such as BASALT. The
oceanic crust is heavier than that the
continental crust.
Earth Interior

It is made up mostly of the elements silicon,

oxygen, iron and magnesium.
The lower part of the mantle is denser that
the upper portion. The temperature and the
pressure increase with depth. The high
temperature and pressure allows the solid
rock to flow slowly.
Cross Section of Crust and Mantle

The crust and the uppermost part

of the mantle form a relatively cool
outermost rigid shell called
LITHOSPHERIC PLATES move
relative to each other. It is also
called LITHOSPHERE

Beneath the lithosphere lies the

soft, weak layer known as the
asthenosphere, made of hot
molten materials. It temperature is
about 300 – 800 C. it has the
ability to flow and responsible for
the movement of the plate.
Earth Interior
LET US PLAY: Spot the difference
1 2
DIRECTION FOR THE GAME
• 1. Write down in your activity notebook all the difference
that you spotted in the screen.
• 2. If the other group did not get the word/s that you write
you will earn points if you and the other group get the
same word/s it has no point.
• 3. The group that earn more points will declare as the
winner of the game and get a plus point.
• ADDITIONAL POINTS FOR THE GROUP WHO CAN
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS: 2pts each
• 1. Which of the two pictures is called Pangea and why?
• 2. What are the seven continents of the world?
ALFRED WEGENER
• a German scientist who notice that
the coastlines of Africa and South
America looked like they might fit
together.
• He also discovered evidence that
the same plant and animal fossils
were found along the coasts of
these continents, although they
were now separated by vast
oceans.
• He noticed that geologic formations,
like mountain ranges, on the two
continents also matched up.
• He also name the supercontinent
“PANGEA” from the Greek word for
“all the earth”
• He was the one who made the
PLATE TECTONIC THEORY
PLATE TECTONICS THEORY
• states that the earth's outer layer, or lithosphere, is
broken into several large slabs called plates.
• The plates move very slowly but constantly. This
movement is called plate tectonics.
Major plates of the world