DEVELOPMENT OF RIZAL’S NATIONALISM

RIZAL’S LIFE
BIRTH

 Born: June 19, 1861

 Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y
Alonso Realonda
 Calamba, Laguna
FAMILY

 Rizal’s parents belonged  11 children – 2 boys and 9

girls
to privileged class  Rizal’s only, eldest brother
Paciano
 Father: Francisco “Lamco”  Joined Gen. Aguinaldo’s
Mercado revolutionary forces
 Retired to his farm in Los
 Mother: Teodora Alonso Banos, died in 1930

Realonda
FORMAL SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE
HOMETOWN & ATENEO EDUCATION

Hometown:
 Studied Latin, Spanish, and painting
Ateneo 1872-1877
 Bachelor of Arts degree, highest honors
ATENEO

 WROTE: Member of:

 “Por La Educacion Recibe  Academy of Spanish
Lustre La Patria” literature
 Alianza Intima Entre La  Academy of Natural
Religion y la Buena Sciences
Educacion  Marian Congregation
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

 Took up Medicine at UST – wanted to treat the failing

eyesight of his mother
 Writings:
 A la juventud Filipina
 El sonejo de los dioses
 Junto al Pasig – satirized the priest as the devil
EXPERIENCES: DISCRIMINATION

 Looked down upon because he looked like an

Indio (but belonged to the Principalia / Ilustrado
class)
 Response: Equality through the mastery of mental
skills
EDUCATION IN EUROPE

 Studied Medicine at Central University of Madrid

 Studied French and German at Ateneo de Madrid
 Went to Germany for advanced study in
opthalmology
THE RESOLUTE PROPAGANDIST
BLUMENTRITT

 Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt

 Most cherished friend
 Wrote about political, racial
and social issues
 Rizal studied and translated
Blumentritt’s Ethnography of
the Island of Mindanao
NOLI ME TANGERE

 Published by: Berliner-Buchdruckerei-Actien-Gesselschaft,

Setzerinnen-Schule de Lette Vereins
 Maximo Viola lend him Php300.00 for 2,000 copies
 Released in March 1887
 Church review:
 Heretical, impious, and scandalous in its religious aspect, and unpatriotic
and subversive to public order
 RIZAL BECOMES AN ACTIVE PROPAGANDIST

 Annotated “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas” written by Antonio de

Morga
 Rizal: before Spaniards, Filipinos already had developed a culture
 Wrote the following while travelling:
 The Philippines within a Century
 The Indolence of the Filipino People
 Letter to the Women of Malolos
EL FILIBUSTERISMO

 Published in September 1891 with the financial help

of Valentin Ventura
 Strong indictment of Spanish colonialism and of
native supporters and defenders of the system
 Society on the verge of a revolution
 RIZAL COMES BACK HOME

 To the Filipinos:
“What does death matter if
Why did he go one dies for what one loves,
back? for one’s country and loved
ones…”
RIZAL: ARRESTED & DEPORTED TO DAPITAN

 Accusations
July 6,  Leaflets
1892  Mocked friars
 Dedicated El Filibusterismo to
GomBurZa
 Advocate separation from Spain
July 14,
 De-catholize and de-nationalize
1892 the Philippines
RIZAL IN EXILE
PRACTICAL NATIONALISM IN DAPITAN

 Practiced his profession: doctor, farmer, teacher,

business-man, community development leader,
engineer and scientist
 Bought 16 hectares of land → house, school and
clinic
RIZAL’S REACTION TO THE KATIPUNAN

 June 21, 1896 – Dr. Pio  Rizal’s instructions:

Valenzuela  Get the support of the rich
 Visited Rizal in Dapitan and influential
informing him of the  Appoint Antonio Luna to
founding of the Katipunan direct their military
on July 7, 1892 maneuvers
RIZAL’S REACTION TO THE KATIPUNAN

 Mentioned to Dr.Valenzuela that he has a pending application as

a volunteer surgeon in the Spanish Army fighting the Cuban
revolution.
 Real Reason: could study the war closely to find solutions to the
brewing Philippine revolution
 July 1896 – set sail to Manila on board the steamer “Espana”
 Was blamed for the outbreak of the revolution in 1896 – brought
back to Manila
TRIAL AND EXECUTION

 December 29, 1896

 Military court condemned Rizal for “founding illegal associations and
promoting and inducing rebellion
 Rizal is a Machiavellian cunning, soul of the rebellion
 December 30, 1896
 Verdict: DEATH
 Shot at sunrise the next day
THE LONG LAST DAY

 Wrote his last letter to Blumentritt:

 “when you receive this letter, I shall be dead. I shall be shot
tomorrow at seven o’clock, but I am innocent of the
crime of rebellion. I am going to die with a clear
conscience. Farewell my best, my dearest friend,
and never think ill of me”
THE LONG LAST DAY: SUMMONED HIS FAMILY

 To his sisters, niece and nephew

 Angelica – handkerchief
 Mauricio – belt and watch with chain
 Narcisa - Wicker chair
 Trinidad – alcohol burner but whispered “there is something in it”
 Maria – confided to her that he would marry Josephine
 THE LONG LAST DAY

 Wrote to his father:

 Forgive me the sorrow with which I repay the anxieties and toil
you underwent to give me an education. I did not want this nor
did I expect it. Farewell, father, farewell.”
 Unfinished note to his mother began:
 “to my very dear mother Sra Da Teodora Alonso. At 6 in the
morning of December 30, 1896”
THE LONG LAST DAY

 December 30, 1896

 Gave his book “Imitation of Christ” to Josephine
Bracken with the dedication “To my dear and unhappy
wife, 30 December 1896”