2 December 2022

Chemical
Friday
Bonding
Intermolecular
forces of attraction

Hychogen bond
Hj -

Water
Scubility

H.0 -
universal selvent If any substance has to dissolve in water

molecules it should either

polar
hychogen bende i
form hydrogen bands

pelar sevent ii) dissociate into ins

Example:
-

acid/bases and salt dissolve in water to form cons

M2O,
NaChiss NaTag +Ciag

to
(hychogen binding)
-

eugar engan lags

CoHnOoiss CoMirOo(ag)
8
S
,0
-

N-8
x

25/01t n
S
-1
n(S1+8yt n
H -
0 0-H

interesting
120, 24"
H250, +
So, In CHsCOC, ethanoic acid and molecules + water molecules

water-water
hydrogen bene
·

CHICOOn" OCH,CO8 +H acid-water

H
acid-acid I

n- c - i -
0 -
0

M 8

c I &
n - -
n
H H
no
hychocarbon
H
bending
Dipole-Dipole force: -

permanent dipole force

-found between pelar molecules -those
dipole forces that aren't H-bands

are
dipcle: dipole bends

is, Oschychogen bond

H c
+8
H
-

C
8
-

in
general, hychogen bond is an
example
o-8 of dipole: dipole force but we
catagonise it
/Y
separately

0I
-

p: dipcle is worse than

hydrogen band
CHs-c-CH3
p.d p.d
bend not
involving hychogen called
p.d
Crs-cohs
-

a is

j
 3 December, 2022
Saturday
Chemical
Bonding
Instantaneous attraction
dipole: induced dipole
force of athaction
0
1. Vander Waal's

-blew non-polar idecular O O CHa-CH

-
weakest
force of attraction

hydrogen bonding 100 times

stranger CO Nz
-

Extre

How does
electrostatic
force of attraction London's
dispension force
VWFA rise? is called as VWFA

estatic
He -
S
+ S <distortand
gas
<
dynamic
-distortion of election cloud is know as
pelarization
also
-
an instanteous
dipole
atom another atom
-

happens when an
passes by
- its a short lived
force
- its
constantly broken and
reformed
- weak
force
-it is a
force b/w temporary dipole

CO2 Ne
- 78° -
196

factor
affecting the
strength of UWFA

↳size of c-cloud-larger the e-cloud, more the distortion, the

stranger the
dipole, stronger the UWFA

CO2 = 22e--,
stronger VWfA

N2 = 14e-> weaker UWFA

Allance

CHn -

m.p/b.p increases
Cits -
size of 2-cloud increases

C31s-VWFA becomes
stronger
CyH10 -

m.p/b.p increases

Cs H,2
 Halogens

H-bend-set rule

p.d:p.d-set rule

VWFA-c-clend-between molecule
every

moleace
-
VWIA is between
every simple

H,0 NHs HC CO2

H-bond H-bond
pd:pd UWfA

UWfA UWfA

Q C ON N
F

b.p =-
187°b.p =- 196°

as
why their
top is
different
CO-pelar molecule->pdipid for C-stranger greater amount of energy -
is
required
N. -

non-polar molecule->VWFA-weaker-smaller amount of energy is

required

be why their top are similar

CO and Ns have similar size of c-cloud.: similar

strength of UWfA
4 December 1022
Sunday

So mandi n g
Period 3

mp/0
P Pn = 60e

5g =1262-
·

P 22 =
34e=

P P A =
182-
-
-

so is
S S S

i
·

S S S

centure installMgicantsi macre

molecule simple molecule in S

bending metallic condent

band
covalent band b/w the time

VWFA blw the melecules

molecule discrete structure

-

imple is a

macromolecule have to
-
is never
ending you manually break the chain

Ian
dipole athaction

molecule -,water molecule

↳ b/w an ion and a
polar

iondipole altraction

orto -
S

0+8 is,0
O
O

oC j
-

y(

hydration sphere
Natags, things

-
salt
goes
in water and sons become
hydrated

NHy +HcO NH,"cags +OHjags

bends
hychogen
-

attraction
-

icn-dipck
-
VWFA
Macromolecules C-diamond DM) 0-O2 gas Pn-white Px(S
css
↳ meleads with
giant
↳
structure
-graphite DMM -

Os
gas (S
-
red P+DM)
centinous
-graphers DM)
-
diamond (c) - Buckminister fluine (S) 0 =
0 O white Pu
-

↑
-graphite (C) -
nanotubes (S) 0-0

-silica, SiO,

Altope P P
-different structures of the same element red Pa
P P
Diamond
graphite I
-each 's' is bended to other 'C'atems - each 'C' is bended to 3 then carbon atoms P b
freei.diamanda (P P P P(
leaving no is
non-leaning free and delicalised a

senductor of electricity -graphite is a conductor

of electricity
no
free c
-graphite can act as a lubricant -

layers Amiology
- hard structure can slide over each other due to weak
-

property based
direction
-high m.p-shong covalent bends
an
VWFA

up "hybridised
each each 'C'is
ep" hybridized
-
'C1 is -

-
it is used for cutting and

etching purpose
UWfA

melabra t +t

t t t
"dent" Metals

-layers
are

slide
malleable
an
application of force
-

-
Allotrope of
diamond

graphite
carbon

- Eudminister
flarine (bucky ball

Buckminister flusine -> 260 (simple molecules -they are held

by
weak
-we can shore atoms
of radioactive elements in a
bucky ball IM+A

they have non-conductors of electricity

-lew
m.p

-bucky balls are more

slippery than
graphite