Art - originated from the Latin word ars which means skill and with the Greek word

techne which means

technology.

- it is used to express ideas or feelings through creative processes and imagination.

FORMS OF ART

1. Visual Arts – is an expression of an artistic ideas through images, structures, and tactile work.
Painting, sculpture, and architecture are considered as examples of it. Some visual artworks are
integrated - which means it combines several medium to create a new and unique artwork.
2. Literary Arts - Literary arts is an expression of ideas through writing. There are many types of
literary artworks, and this can be categorized into: poetry, prose, and drama.
3. Performing Arts - is an expression of an artistic idea through written lyrics, text, dramatization,
and multimedia production. Performing arts usually require the musical theatre, dance, and
drama, a combination of different art forms, such as literary art for the material and visual arts for
stage design.

THE ELEMENTS OF ART

1. Space - When we say space, it can vary depending on what art discipline it pertains to. In
visual arts, this may pertain to emptiness which may either be positive space or negative
space.
2. Line - In visual arts, a line is a series of points. It may come in two characteristics: form
(curved, dotted, or dotted) and direction (vertical, horizontal, or diagonal).
3. Shape and Form - Shape is formed by connecting both ends of a line. Shapes are two
dimensional figures with height and width.
4. Color - In visual arts, color is associated with the natural phenomenon in our environment.
5. Value - In visual arts, value is considered a property of a color which pertains to its lightness
or darkness.
6. Texture - In visual arts, texture is the tactile or illusory surface of the piece. In music, texture
is the mood or quality of the composition.
7. THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

The elements of art may be organized in a way that it can create a more compelling artwork. This
organization of elements is called principles of design. Understanding the elements and how they may go
together will be of great help in improving, not just your artistic skills, but also your capacity to
understand art.
1. Scale and Proportion - Scale and proportion refer to the relationship of the elements, specifically
its relative size of parts of a whole.
2. Harmony - In general, you can say an art piece is in harmony when the different parts produce an
overall positive impact or effect.
3. Variety - This means adding multiple, different elements to break the monotony of an artwork
and make it more interesting.
 4. Movement - Movement is a basic principle of nature and is associated with the environment. All
living things, non-living things, and heavenly bodies move naturally.
5. Rhythm - This refers to the repetition of certain elements to produce a pattern. In visual arts,
repeated design elements may create a certain flow and may lead the viewer’s eyes. In music, this
refers to the even distribution of notes.
6. Balance - Balance refers to the even and equal distribution of elements.
7. Emphasis and Subordination - Emphasis is a principle which may refer to the greater impact
given on a certain element. Subordination serves as the opposite of emphasis as it refers to how
certain elements only serve as a supplement to the emphasized element in a design.
SKILLS, TECHNIQUE AND PRODUCTION IN CONTEMPORARY ART
1. Collage – is made by adhering flat elements such ass newspaper or magazine cut-outs, printed
text, illustrations, photographs, cloth, string, etc. to a flat surface to create a thick layer that is
almost like a relief sculpture.
2. Decalcomania – is the process of applying gouache to paper or class then transferring a reversal
of that image onto canvas or other flat materials.
3. Decoupage – is done by adhering cut-outs of paper and then coating these with one or more coats
or transparent coating of varnish.
4. Frottage – is the technique of rubbing with crayon on a piece of paper which has been placed
over an object or an image.
5. Montage – is used for photography or film where a pictorial image is placed overlapping to make
another picture or design.
6. Digital Application – for art viewing is another technique. An example was made possible by the
Samsung Supports the Arts FACETS based at Yuchengco Museum.

CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

When the late former president Ferdinand Marcos started his administration, the birth of Contemporary
Arts in the Philippines began. Culture and the arts were given focused in his vision of the “New Society.”
Cultural Center of the Philippines was then established, and urban planning and architecture were given
more focused. When Martial Law was lifted and the Marcos regime ended, democracy was reintroduced
to the Filipino people. This newfound freedom paved the way for a more diverse and more expressive
Filipino artists. No longer did the Filipinos exclusively made art for or against the government; now, art is
a tool mainly used for self-expression. With the rapid rise of technology and the popularity of social
media, Filipinos find more platforms and ways to express themselves, thereby continuously changing the
art scene. Contemporary art is distinct because of how it blurs the lines across artistic disciplines, and how
it integrates various elements and principles.

Traditional Arts
The Philippines is home to various traditional arts. These are the arts that have been handed or passed
down from the master craftsmen to their apprentices. Most are learned informally and usually produced in
indigenous communities, reflecting history and culture.

The terms “traditional” and “folk” may be used interchangeably to refer to those aspects of learned
behavior (culture) that are transferred through word of mouth and/or by following an example set within a
cultural group.
Traditional Arts- These are arts that has been passed down from master craftmen to their apprentice
Animism is usual theme of traditional arts. To depict something of the peoples god’s and goddesses is the
main intention, thus, resulting in the creation of abstract symbols of animistic figures like the sun, the
moon, and the other human images. One best example of this is the Bulul of Ifugaos. Other examples are
the woven basketry of the Mangyans,.

Philippine traditional arts are also rich in songs and dances that are handed over by nameless master
craftsmen to their younger generations. Throughout the years, the sounds, the words and choreography
have remained the same.

Contemporary Art

Traditional art is different from contemporary art. Traditional art is culture bound, while contemporary art
is not bounded by any rule or standard.
Contemporary arts revolves around the feelings and thoughts of the artist, and images to his/her audience.
It uses a wide variety of materials, media, techniques, and styles. It is characterized by being conceptual,
innovative,

expressive, and experimental compared to traditional art. In addition, it allows the viewers to participate
in the experience and urges them to validate their own beliefs.

As mentioned earlier, contemporary art emerged after World War II. Some experts says that its
emergence took place something during the start of postmodernism in the West, at around late 1970’s.
This was the time when artist reacted to previous period of art called “modernism”. It was that time that
gave birth to the idea that “less is more”, and the time when artist adored the idea of purity and
simplicity. A stream-lined form and styles was fundamental in creating something new at that time.

Contemporary art challenges tradition. If traditional artists consisted of portraits, landscapes, still life and
human interest, mostly as naturally as possible, the contemporary artist’s artistic works are expressions of
freedom, experimentation and exploration of patterns, figures, objects and a combination of mixed styles,
materials, techniques and concepts.

According to Perez(2016), the arts classified in distinct forms: music, dance, theater, visual arts,
literature, film and broadcast arts, and architecture, design and allied arts. However, the arts in the regions
have evolved and taken a new form. The arts have combined to create integrative art. There is now
interconnection among the arts, resulting in the combination of arts.

Contemporary art forms in the regions now include choreography, musical instruments, literary and
music composition, visual design, theatrical performance, cinema.

Choreography is an arrangement or design for dance movements usually accompanied by music. It is the
art of dancing that is composed of a series of dance steps and movements to create a story. It has become
in integrated art because it incorporates both dance and music.

Musical Instruments. A musical instrument is any tool or device that produces sound. It consists of an
array or shapes and styles from simple to the complex. Integration of art is seen through the intricate
designs of musical instruments, representing visual arts; and their function, which is primarily to create a
music. A musical instrument is an example of integrative art.

Literary works – are written works meant to be read, sung, or delivered in a play.
Musical composition – are not written but notated, represented by musical symbols
Visual Design. It is composition or layout of lines, shapes, and color to form patterns on paper, textile, or
any piece for that matter. It can be found in either two-dimensional works like painting and drawing; or
three-dimensional works like installation and sculpture.

Theatrical Performance. It refers to the staging and execution of a production, like drama, opera,
festivals, and the like. It pertains to a public presentation of a dramatic or musical entertainment. It is
interdisciplinary because it goes beyond theater, and other art forms, like puppetry, cinema, and sculpture.
It also goes out to the other disciplines like psychology, and the social and political sciences.

Cinema. It is the most popular of the art forms. It is similar to the theater, except that is not a live
performance and the action is seen on a flat screen. Although, it appeared only in the early 1900s in
Manila and later spread in the regions, it has gained public acceptance.