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Digestive System
Digestive System
Digestive System
Question 1
Given below is a jumbled sequence of the different parts of the human
alimentary canal. Rewrite them in correct sequence.
Answer
Pharynx → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine
Question 2
Give the technical names for the following types of teeth in humans (on each
side, in each jaw)
Answer
1. Molars
2. Canine
3. Incisors
4. Premolar
Question 3
Name the following parts of a tooth :
Answer
1. Crown
2. Enamel
3. Pulp
4. Cementum
5. Neck
Progress Check 2
Question 1
Mention if the following statements are true or false:
Answer
1. True
2. False
Corrected Statement — Saliva contains a starch-digesting enzyme.
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. False
Corrected Statement — Gastric juice is acidic.
7. False
Corrected Statement — Gastric juice contains pepsin and renin.
Question 2
Name the three salivary glands.
Answer
1. Parotid glands
2. Sub-mandibular glands
3. Sublingual glands
Progress Check 3
Question 1
Mention if the following statements are true (T) or false (F)
Answer
1. True
2. False
Corrected Statement — Intestine is narrow for slow movement of food.
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. True
Question 2
Name the following :
Answer
Question 3
Name the enzyme which digests :
1. starch in the mouth
2. fats in the ileum
3. protein in duodenum
4. sucrose in the ileum
Answer
Question 4
What are the end-products of digestion of :
1. Proteins
2. Fats
3. Starch
4. Sucrose
Answer
1. Amino acid
2. Fatty acid and Glycerol
3. Maltose
4. Glucose and Fructose
Progress Check 4
Question 1
Fill in the blanks.
Answer
1. Liver stores glucose as glycogen .
2. Liver produces RBC only in embryo.
3. Urea is produced in liver by the deamination of extra amino acid .
4. For testing the action of saliva on starch, the material has to be kept at a
temperature of about 38°C.
Progress Check 5
Question 1
Mention the constituent of food if the end result of the test shows :
Answer
1. Protein
2. Starch
3. Glucose
4. Minerals
Answer
stomach into intestine
Reason — The opening of the stomach into intestine is called pylorus. It has a
ring of muscles (sphincter).
Question 2
Gastric juice contains
Answer
HCl and pepsin
Question 3
The water from the digested food is mainly absorbed by
1. stomach
2. duodenum
3. colon
4. rectum
Answer
colon
Question 4
Which one of the following pairs of types of teeth perform one common
function as stated against it?
Answer
Premolars, molars — Grinding
Reason — Premolars and molars carry out grinding of food.
Question 5
The hardest substance in the human body is :
1. Bone
2. Enamel
3. Cement
4. Dentine
Answer
Enamel
Reason — Enamel, which forms outer most covering of teeth is hardest
substance of the human body.
Question 6
Which of the following teeth is bicuspid ?
1. Molars
2. Incisors
3. Premolars
4. Canines
Answer
Premolars
Question 7
The temperature range within which enzymes can act best is :
1. 20° to 30°C
2. 35° to 40°C
3. 40° to 45°C
4. 35° to 50°C
Answer
35° to 40°C
Reason — 35° to 40°C is the optimum temperature range when enzymes act
best.
Question 8
Heterodont dentition is found in :
1. Humans
2. Snake
3. Frog
4. Lizards
Answer
Humans
Question 9
Which of the following enzymes is not found in pancreatic juice ?
1. Sucrase
2. Trypsinogen
3. Amylopsin
4. Steapsin
Answer
Sucrase
Reason — Sucrase is present in intestinal juice.
Question 10
The process of conversion of excess glucose into glycogen is termed as :
1. Glycolysis
2. Glycogenesis
3. Glycogenolysis
4. Defaecation
Answer
Glycogenesis
Reason — The excess glucose present in our body is converted into glycogen
by liver.
Answer
Question 2
Mention two reflexes which occur when a person chews and swallows food.
Answer
The two reflexes which occur when a person chews and swallows food are-
Question 3
Consider the following two statements A & B and select the statements from (i)
– (iv) that hold true.
Options:
Answer
The statement that holds true is:
Reason — Small intestine is longer than the large intestine. It is about 7 meters
longer while large intestine is about 1.5 meters long. Large intestine is wider
than the small intestine.
Question 4
Match the terms given in column A with those of column B.
Column A Column B
Erepsin Protein
Steapsin Starch
Pepsin Casein
Answer
Column A Column B
Ptyalin Starch
Rennin Casein
Pepsin Protein
Question 5
Name these:
Answer
Question 6
Choose the odd one out and write the category of the remaining terms :
Answer
1. Steapsin is odd one out. Remaining terms (Pepsin, Trypsin and Erepsin)
are protein digesting enzymes.
2. Peptidase is odd one out. Lactase, Invertase and Maltase are sugar
digesting enzymes.
3. Starch is odd one out. Glucose, Fructose and Galactose are simple sugar.
4. Colon is odd one out. Ileum, Duodenum and Jejunum are parts of small
intestine.
5. Palate is odd one out. Crown, Root and Neck are parts of teeth.
(a) Digestion
(b) Enzymes
(c) Peristalsis
(d) Dentition
(e) Defaecation
(f) Assimilation
Answer
(a) Digestion — Digestion is any change which makes the food soluble and of
such chemical nature that it can be absorbed readily through living membranes.
Answer
The end products are as follows:
Starch — Maltose
Proteins — Small peptides and amino acids
Fats — Glycerol and fatty acids
Question 3
Write the exact locations of the following :
(a) Liver
(b) Sub-mandibular gland
(c) Pylorus
(d) Pancreas
(e) Caecum
Answer
(a) located in upper right side of abdomen just below the diaphragm.
Question 4
Write the important roles of the following :
(a) Rectum
(c) Epiglottis
(d) Small intestine
(e) Tongue
Answer
(a) Rectum temporarily stores undigested food and wastes, to be defaecated
through the anus.
(b) Gastric juice plays two key roles (i) it kills any germs which may have
entered along with the food (ii) it activates pepsinogen to act on proteins.
(c) Epiglottis closes the opening of wind pipe.
(d) Most of the digestion and absorption of nutrition occur in small intestine.
(e) Tongue helps in mixing of food in buccal cavity and pushes it through
pharynx.
Question 5
Give reasons/explain :
(a) Only animals require a digestive system and not plants.
(e) The inner layer of small intestine has a large number of finger-like
projections called villi.
Answer
(a) Animals are heterotrophs. They obtain their nutrients by consuming organic
matter, such as other organisms or plant material. Hence, they need a digestive
system to break down complex molecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and
lipids, into smaller, absorbable forms. In contrast, plants are autotrophs, capable
of synthesizing their own food through photosynthesis. Hence, they don't
require a digestive system.
(b) Vitamins do not need digestion. They are absorbed directly through the
intestine wall.
(c) Chewing of food breaks the food into small particles which helps in easy
digestion.
(d) Bile contains a lot of sodium bicarbonate which neutralises the acid content
of the food received from the stomach and makes it alkaline so that pancreatic
and intestinal enzymes can act on it.
(e) The villi enormously increase the inner surface area of the intestines which
facilitates the absorption of digested food.
Question 6
What is roughage? Give two examples.
Answer
Roughage is the undigestible portion of the diet. It is a dietary fibre that majorly
contains cellulose. Examples – Green leafy vegetables, fruits, beans, nuts.
Question 7
Mention two ways in which the ileum of a mammal is adapted for the
absorption of digested food.
Answer
The two ways in which the ileum of mammals is adapted for the absorption of
digested food are:
Question 8
The stomach secretes gastric juice, which contains hydrochloric acid. What is
its function?
Answer
Hydrochloric acid performs the following functions in the stomach-
1. It kills any germs which may have entered along with the food.
2. It activates pepsin to act on proteins. Pepsin digests proteins into
peptides.
Long Answer Type
Question 1
What are the main characteristics of an enzyme?
Answer
Main characteristics of enzymes are-
Question 2
Why is the small intestine the most important organ of the digestive system?
Answer
The small intestine serves two important functions of digestion and absorption.
In the duodenum, it receives two digestive juices:
1. The bile
2. The pancreatic juice
Both the juices virtually complete the process of digestion of proteins, starch,
carbohydrates etc. Once the food is broken down, the small intestine is
responsible to absorb simple particles such as amino acids, glucose etc.
Question 3
How is the liver an important organ in our body?
Answer
The liver is the largest gland of the body and it performs the following
functions:
Question 4
List the enzymes and their action on food in the stomach and intestine.
Answer
The table below shows the different regions, enzymes and the action of the
enzymes on the food -
Name of the
Part of the body Action on food
enzyme
Small intestine -
erepsin It acts on proteins and peptides to produce amino acid
Ileum
Name of the
Part of the body Action on food
enzyme
Question 5
You have been supplied with a sample of food. How will you perform tests for
the presence of starch and proteins in it?
Answer
The following tests can be carried out:
Test for starch:
1. Add some starch powder to a test tube containing water, shake well. Boil
well to make a solution.
2. Add some drops of iodine solutions when the solution cools down.
3. Iodine solution can be prepared by dissolving 1g iodine with 1g
potassium iodide in 100ml of distilled water, dilute this solution before
using.
4. The solution in the test tube would turn blur-black indicating the presence
of starch.
Answer
Below labelled diagram shows the internal structure of a mammalian tooth with
two roots :
Question 2
Complete the following table by filling in the blanks 1 to 8.
1 Pepsin 2 3
Mouth 4 5 Disaccharide
6 7 Maltose 8
Answer
1 – Stomach
2 – Proteins
3 – Polypeptides
4 – Amylase
5 – Starch
6 – Ileum
7 – Maltase
8 – Glucose
Question 3
Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:
(b) Identify the tooth and give a reason to support your answer.
Answer
(a) The parts are-
1 → Enamel
2 → Dentine
3 → Pulp
4 → Gum
5 → Crown
6 → Cement
(b) The type of teeth shown in the given figure has only one root. Hence it is a
canine or incisor that is used to bite or pierce.
(c) The part labelled '3'(Pulp) is a soft connective tissue present in the pulp
cavity of the tooth. It consists of blood capillaries, lymph vessels and nerve
fibres. From the crown of the tooth, the pulp opens through the pulp cavity at
the base of the root.
(d) The type of teeth mentioned in the figure and its function are as follows:
Type of teeth Number of teeth Function
Question 4
Study the following dental formula and then answer the questions that follow:
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(a) What is the total number of teeth in the (i) upper jaw and (ii) lower jaw?
Answer
(a) The total number of teeth in the upper jaw are 8 and lower jaw are 12.
(b) The total number of teeth present in the given dentition are 20 teeth.
(c) The dental formula of an adult is as follows:
Question 5
The figures (A, B, C and D) shown below represent different kinds of teeth in
humans. Study the figures and answer the following questions:
Answer
(a)
A → Incisor
B → Canine
C → Premolar
D → Molar
(b)
(c)
Question 6
Draw a neat diagram of the "Microscopic Structure of an intestinal villus" and
label the parts given below :
1. Epithelium
2. Capillaries
3. Lacteals
Answer the following questions :
(a) What is the advantage of having a large number of villi on the inner surface
of small intestine ?
(b) Write the important role of lacteals.
(c) Name the juice secreted from the glandular cells of small intestine.
1. Salivary gland
2. Stomach
3. Liver
4. Pancreas
Answer
Below is the labelled diagram of the "Microscopic Structure of an intestinal
villus":
(a) A large number of villi enormously increase the inner surface area of the
small intestine which facilitates the absorption of digested food.
(b) The fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed into the lacteals to enter the
lymphatic system which forms a network all over the body to ultimately empty
its contents into the blood stream.
Question 7
Write the correct word for the items (i) to (viii).
(i) A predator:
GRIETGRIET ...............
(ii) Deficiency of Folic acid (B9) produces:
MIAAAENMIAAAEN ...............
(iii) A digestive enzyme:
ENPISPENPISP ...............
(iv) A part of tooth:
TEEDINNTEEDINN ...............
(v) Fatty acids are absorbed into:
TACLELASTACLELAS ...............
(vi) Maltase acts on:
LESOMATLESOMAT ...............
(vii) Excess amino acids are broken down in:
RIVELRIVEL ...............
(viii) An enzyme which digest starch:
YEALMASYEALMAS ...............
Answer
(i) A predator:
GRIETGRIET TIGER
(ii) Deficiency of Folic acid (B9) produces:
MIAAAENMIAAAEN ANAEMIA
(iii) A digestive enzyme:
ENPISPENPISP PEPSIN
(iv) A part of tooth:
TEEDINNTEEDINN DENTINE
(v) Fatty acids are absorbed into:
TACLELASTACLELAS LACTEALS
(vi) Maltase acts on:
LESOMATLESOMAT MALTOSE
(vii) Excess amino acids are broken down in:
RIVELRIVEL LIVER
(viii) An enzyme which digest starch:
YEALMASYEALMAS AMYLASE