British

Accredatioation
SOFT SKILLS
 Titles

 critical thinking,
 problem solving,
 public speaking, professional writing
 teamwork,
 leadership,
 professional attitude
 work ethic
Hard vs. soft skills


“Hard skills include technical or administrative competence”.Soft skills are commonly
used to “refer to the “emotional side” of human beings in opposition to the IQ (Intelligent
Quotient) component related to hard skills”. Hard and soft skills are usually defined as
similar concepts or complements. This fact demonstrates how these two different types of
abilities are strictly related.
critical thinking,

 is the analysis of facts to form a judgment. The subject is complex, and several
different definitions exist, which generally include
the rational, skeptical, unbiased analysis, or evaluation of factual evidence.
Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-
corrective thinking.[2] It presupposes assent to rigorous standards
of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective
communication and problem-solving abilities as well as a commitment to
overcome native egocentrism and sociocentrism.
 problem solving

 The term problem solving has a slightly different meaning depending on the discipline. For
instance, it is a mental process in psychology and a computerized process in computer science.
There are two different types of problems: ill-defined and well-defined; different approaches are
used for each. Well-defined problems have specific end goals and clearly expected solutions,
while ill-defined problems do not. Well-defined problems allow for more initial planning than ill-
defined problems.[1] Solving problems sometimes involves dealing with pragmatics, the way that
context contributes to meaning, and semantics, the interpretation of the problem. The ability to
understand what the end goal of the problem is, and what rules could be applied represents the
key to solving the problem. Sometimes the problem requires abstract thinking or coming up with a
creative solution.
 How to solve a problem ?

 Means-ends analysis: choosing an action at each step to move closer to the goal.
 Brainstorming: (especially among groups of people) suggesting a large number of solutions or ideas and
combining and developing them until an optimum solution is found
 Divide and conquer: breaking down a large, complex problem into smaller, solvable problems
 Proof: try to prove that the problem cannot be solved. The point where the proof fails will be the starting point for
solving it
 Reduction: transforming the problem into another problem for which solutions exist.
 OODA loop (observe, orient, decide, and act)
 PDCA (plan–do–check–act)
Teamwork
 Teamwork

There are certain characteristics that a team must have in order to work effectively. These characteristics
are interrelated.
It is imperative that group cohesion is strong within the team. There is a positive relationship between
group cohesion and performance.
Communication is another vital characteristic for effective teamwork. Members must be able to
effectively communicate with each other to overcome obstacles, resolve conflict, and avoid confusion.
Communication increases cohesion.
Communication is important within teams to clearly define the teams purpose so that there is a common
goal. Having a common goal will increase cohesion because all members are striving for the same
objective and will help each other achieve their goal.
Commitment is another important characteristic for teams. It occurs when members are focused on
achieving the team's common goal.
Accountability is necessary to ensure milestones are reached and that all members are participating.
Holding members accountable increases commitment within team relations.
 Training to improve teamwork

Overall, teamwork and performance can be enhanced through specific training that targets the
individual team members and the team as a whole.[2] Bruce Tuckman proposed a team developmental
model that separated the stages of a team's lifespan and the level of teamwork for each stage:[15][16]
Forming ‫تشكيل‬
This stage is described by approach/avoidance issues, as well as internal conflicts about being independent vs.
wanting to be a part of the team.
Team members usually tend to 'play it safe' and minimize their risk taking in case something goes wrong.
Teamwork in this stage is at its lowest levels.
Storming ‫منافسة‬
The second stage is characterized by a competition for power and authority, which is the source of most of the
conflicts and doubts about the success of the team.
If teamwork is low in this stage, it is very unlikely that the team will get past their conflicts. If there is a high degree
of teamwork and willingness to collaborate, then the team might have a brighter future.
Attitude (psychology)

 The attitude of a person is determined by psychological factors like ideas,

values, beliefs, perception, etc. All these have a complex role in
determining a person's attitude.
Family[edit]
Family plays a significant role in the primary stage of attitudes held by individuals. Initially, a person
develops certain attitudes from their parents, brothers, sister, and elders in the family. In turn, a person
may adapt the attitudes they learn from their family and use them in future relationships. There is a high
degree of relationship between parent and children in attitudes found in them.
Society[edit]
Societies play an important role in formatting the attitudes of an individual. Culture, tradition, religion and
language can influence a person's attitude. Society, traditions, and cultures can teach individuals what
is and what is not acceptable. Society sets motivations and goals for individuals to want and aspire to
achieve, and is likely to condemn those who do not accept these goals as their own.
Economic[edit]
A person's attitude also depends on issues such as his salary, status, work environment, work as such, etc.
These circumstances are motivating factors in the way that they interact with employers, employees,
coworkers and patrons. Economic factors for attitude can also involve money management, financial
efficacy, budgeting, cost of living, cost of a family, etc.
Professional writing