Total Emittance / Solar

Absorptance (TESA)
Portable Reflectometer

TESA 2000

Operations Manual

Jan 1, 2014

AZ Technology, Inc.
7047 Old Madison Pike, Suite 300
Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: (256) 837-9877 / Fax: (256) 837-1155
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1

2.0 INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION......................................................................................2

2.1 Overview of Instrument ........................................................................................2
2.2 Specifications ..........................................................................................................4
2.2.1 Electrical ......................................................................................................5
2.2.2 Performance .................................................................................................5
2.2.3 TESA 2000 Sub-units ..................................................................................5
2.3 Technical Description and Theory .......................................................................6
2.3.1 Optical ..........................................................................................................6
2.3.2 Measurement Modes ....................................................................................7
3.0 TESA 2000 OPERATION .................................................................................................9
3.1 Getting Started .......................................................................................................9
3.2 TESA 2000 Front Panel Functions .....................................................................11
3.2.1 Mode Selection ..........................................................................................11
3.2.2 IR Relative Mode Calibration Adjust ........................................................13
3.3 Battery Charging and Usage Procedure ............................................................14
3.3.1 Battery Charging Procedure .......................................................................14
3.3.2 Battery Usage Procedure ............................................................................15
4.0 TESA 2000 DATABASE SOFTWARE .........................................................................16
4.1 Software Installation............................................................................................16
4.2 Database Operation .............................................................................................16
5.0 GENERAL CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE TESA 2000 ..............................18

6.0 COMMON PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS ............................................................19

6.1 Foil or Wrinkled Material ...................................................................................19
6.2 Transmitting Sample ...........................................................................................19
6.3 Large Fluctuations in Readings ..........................................................................19
6.4 Higher or Lower Readings Than Normal ..........................................................20
7.0 LIMITED WARRANTY FOR TESA 2000 PORTABLE EMISSOMETER............21

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The AZ Technology TESA 2000 instrument represents advanced portable instrumentation

for determining total emittance and solar absorptance. It is compact, lightweight, rugged, and
ergonomically designed for ease of use in the field or in the laboratory.

The TESA 2000 also, by virtue of an advanced optical system, provides a portable
reflectometer/emissometer that performs total hemispheric reflectance measurements in both the
infrared and solar regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

AZ Technology personnel have a long history of experience in surface optical

measurement and portable instruments. Consequently, the design of the TESA 2000 incorporates
the desired features and eliminates some problem features that have been experienced over the
years in other portable instruments. Warm-up time and stability is improved as is the ability to
measure various geometrically contoured surfaces.

Database software is provided for a host PC compatible computer for retrieving,

archiving, and displaying data collected by the TESA 2000. The data can be downloaded to a PC
using a standard PC serial interface (serial cable provided).

This report describes the operation of the TESA 2000 and a description of the TESA
2000 system.

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2.0 INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Overview of Instrument

The TESA 2000 instrument is comprised of three main components: the measurement
head (Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2), the control/display unit (Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2), and the
power system. The head and the control/display unit are connected by a four and one-half foot
cable which can be disconnected at either end. The measurement head is 5 inches in diameter,
7.73 inches long, and weighs 5.9 lbs. The control/display unit is 7.5 x 5.5 x 3.0 inches and
weighs less than 4 lbs. The control/display unit provides power to the measurement head and
contains the instrument controls and a standard serial cable for communicating with a PC. The
power system consists of an AC adapter (Figure 2-1), two batteries (Figure 2-2), and a battery
charger (Figure 2-3). Each rechargeable battery is 7.38 x 6.0 x 4.0 inches and each weighs 11
lbs. Both the AC adapter and the batteries contain cables for connecting to the control/display
unit. Two rugged, padded carrying cases (Figure 2-4) are provided that will house all of the
TESA 2000 hardware and will fit in most commercial aircraft overhead bins. The total weight of
the unit, including both carrying cases, is approximately 61 lbs (Note that if used as a lab unit,
one can opt to exclude the batteries, vest and extra case).

The TESA 2000 is extremely easy to use. IR reflectance, IR emittance, or solar

absorptance display modes may be chosen. Samples may be placed on the measurement aperture
or the instrument head may be positioned such that the aperture is held firmly against the
measurement surface. Samples of about one centimeter (0.40 inches) or larger are easily
measured. Smaller sizes to about 0.5 centimeters can be accommodated with special care in
suspending the sample in the center of the aperture. For concave or odd-shaped surfaces, the top
plate may be removed. This exposes the contoured exterior of the hemispheric collector
containing the aperture. When the plate is removed, care must be taken to ensure a good, even
contact is made with the surface.

When used in the lab the TESA 2000 can be plugged into a standard 120VAC outlet
using the AC adapter. When used in the field the TESA 2000 can be used with the battery
system. For even greater flexibility in measurement location, the TESA 2000 is equipped with a
portable measurement vest (Figure 2-3). By placing the battery and control/display unit in the
vest, the user is free to make measurements in the field with relative ease.

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Figure 2-1. TESA 2000 Control/Display Box, Measurement Head, and AC Adapter.

Figure 2-2. TESA 2000 Control/Display Box, Measurement Head, and Battery Box.

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 Figure 2-3. TESA 2000 Portable Reflectometer System.

Figure 2-4. TESA 2000 Carrying Cases and Portable Measurement Vest.

2.2 Specifications

Electrical and performance specifications for the TESA 2000 are as follows:

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2.2.1 Electrical

 12 VDC, 1.5 Amp. Supplied by 12V, 15 AH rechargeable Lead-Acid battery or by

110W, 120VAC to 12VDC adapter.

2.2.2 Performance
 Wavelength Range:
– Infrared range: <3m to >35m
– Solar range: 250nm to 2500nm
 Measurement Accuracy (for specular and diffuse samples):
– 1% of full scale for gray samples
– 3% of full scale for non-gray samples
 Reproducibility: 1% or better of full scale
 Minimum Sample Size: 0.4 inches (1 cm)
 Sample Spacing: Since the TESA 2000 measures 2 steradian, very diffuse samples
should be within 0.05 inches normal to the aperture, specular samples within 0.10
inches.
 Sample Temperature: Dew point to 150°F (66°C), water condensation may drastically
change IR properties; otherwise, there is no low temperature limit.
 Sample Type: Any sample including foils, thin films, insulators, etc.
 Sample Geometry (Contour):
– Concave surfaces: ~6.5 inches (16.5 cm) radius or larger
– Convex surfaces: 0.5 inches (1.25 cm) radius or larger
– Cavities: 5.5 inches diameter or larger
 Readouts: Three Digital LCD panel meters, IR emittance, IR reflectance, or solar
absorptance
2.2.3 TESA 2000 Sub-units

The TESA 2000 consists of the following sub-units:

 AC Power Adapter
 Two Battery Units (battery option)
 TESA 2000 Measurement Head
 TESA 2000 Control/Display Unit
 RS-232 Download Cable
 Data/Power Cable (for use in connecting the measurement head and the
control/display unit)
 Battery Power Cable (for use in connecting the battery and the control/display unit,
battery option)
 1 IR Calibration Puck
 Battery Charger (battery option)

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  Download Software
 Portable Measurement Vest (battery option)
2.3 Technical Description and Theory

2.3.1 Optical

The TESA 2000 optical system is a highly specialized system designed for the express
purpose of measuring solar absorptance and infrared emittance. The TESA 2000 optical system
has been designed to minimize losses, to facilitate and maintain optical alignment, and to utilize
the features of AZ Technology's unique hemispheric collector that allows compactness for
portability without sacrificing accuracy of measurements.

The TESA 2000 Portable Reflectometer consists of two different optical subsystems: the
infrared subsystem and the solar subsystem. Each subsystem contains a source, and mirrors for
directing the energy to the collection system. The collection system and electronics are the same
for both optical subsystems.

The measurements are performed by illuminating the sample at a near-normal angle, with
respect to the surface, using the two different optical subsystems. In order to properly measure
the solar absorptance and infrared emittance of the surface, the optical system must be able to
collect a full hemisphere of the reflected/scattered energy from the surface. AZ Technology has
managed this requirement by designing an extremely compact hemispherical collector. This
patented optical element collects a full hemisphere from the sample and directs this energy onto a
detector. An internal calibration mirror alternately directs the incident beam either to the detector
or to the sample. This allows a calibration of the 100% scale since the incident energy in terms
of the detector output voltage is known. By comparing incident energy to the reflected energy,
the weighted reflectance of the sample is measured. For each of the two measurements, this
reflectance is subtracted from one in order to obtain the solar absorptance or the infrared
emittance, depending on which source is illuminating the sample.

2.3.1.1 Infrared Subsystem

The TESA 2000 optical system uses an IR source that provides radiation with a “color
temperature” that very closely matches that of a 300 K blackbody from 3m to over 35m.Thus,
a spectrally integrated room temperature measurement is obtained.

A chopped source beam images the source on the center of the sample aperture at an
incident angle of 15°. The total incident energy does not affect the sample temperature even
when foils and insulators are measured.

Of the energy reflected from the sample, approximately 99% is collected in a 2 steradian
hemisphere and then re-imaged on a windowless pyroelectric detector. The detector is coated for
flat response through the far infrared.

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 With a true hemispheric collector, it is important to place diffuse samples as closely as
possible to the measurement aperture in order to prevent scattered light from escaping. With
more specular samples, this scattered light becomes less and the measurement is less sensitive to
sample placement.

2.3.1.2 Solar Subsystem

The TESA 2000 optical system uses a solar source that provides radiation which very
closely matches that of an air mass zero sun from 250nm to over 2500nm (as defined by the
ASTM standard E-490).

A chopped source beam is directed by a set of mirrors to a collection mirror, which

images the source on the center of the sample aperture at an incident angle of 15°. The mirror
system for the solar source is not the same as for the IR source.

Of the energy reflected from the sample, approxiamtely 99% is collected in a 2 steradian
hemisphere and then re-imaged on a windowless pyroelectric detector. The detector is coated for
flat response throughout the solar spectrum.

With a true hemispheric collector, it is important to place diffuse samples as closely as

possible to the measurement aperture in order to prevent scattered light from escaping. With
more specular samples, this scattered light becomes less and the measurement is less sensitive to
sample placement.

2.3.2 Measurement Modes

The TESA 2000 may be operated in either IR mode or solar mode. The
[ /] MEASURE key allows the user to change modes during operation. To switch between
modes, the instrument needs to be in the WAIT state. This state is indicated as “Waiting…” on
the display. The trigger on the instrument handle is used to toggle between WAIT and
MEASUREMENT states. Solar mode for solar absorptance measurements is chosen by pressing
the  MEASURE key. IR mode for emittance measurements is chosen by pressing the /
MEASURE key. The ABS/REL MODE key allows the user to switch between absolute and
relative measurements in the IR mode. It is not functional in the solar mode.
Note: IR emissivity () and reflectance () are related for opaque samples by + = 1.

2.3.4.1 IR Relative Mode

Front panel switches provide for calibration of TESA 2000 and controls the format of the
output data. TESA 2000 is calibrated using high (gold) and low (black) IR reflectance standards.
The unit must be calibrated every time the unit is powered up and measurements are to be made
in the relative mode. The calibration should be checked periodically by remeasuring the
standards.

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 The high reflectance value is obtained by placing the gold-plated reference puck over the
measuring aperture and adjusting the reflectance value to the calibrated value using the UP and
DN CALIBRATION keys on the control/display unit. The low reflectance value is similarly
calibrated using the provided black reference. The user-specified reference values are stored in
non-volatile memory, however, recalibration is necessary every time the TESA 2000 is powered
on as well as periodically during use.

Once calibrated, the instrument is ready for measuring in relative mode. Either
reflectance or emittance display may be chosen via the switches on the front panel. The TESA
2000 will take readings continuously, calculating reflectance or emittance using the previously
stored calibration values. The calibration values are also included with the provided reference
puck.

2.3.4.2 IR Absolute Mode

Absolute mode does not require calibration prior to taking sample measurements. Rather,
reference readings are made internally in alternation with the sample readings. Reflectance is
calculated as the ratio of the sample reading to the reference reading.

When powered on, the instrument is ready for measuring in IR absolute reflectance mode.
Either reflectance or emittance display may be chosen in IR measurement mode. The TESA
2000 will take readings and update the display continuously.

2.3.4.3 Solar Absorptance Mode

Solar absorptance mode does not require calibration prior to taking sample measurements
(it is an absolute type measurement). Reference readings are made internally in alternation with
the sample readings. Reflectance is calculated as the ratio of the sample reading to the reference
reading. The solar absorptance is calculated by subtracting the reflectance from one

Solar absorptance mode is chosen by first pressing the trigger on the head to place the
unit in waiting mode and then pressing the  MEASURE key on the control/display unit, then
pressing the trigger again to re-enter measurement mode.

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3.0 TESA 2000 OPERATION

3.1 Getting Started

TESA 2000 operation is controlled via the Front Panel (Figure 3-1) located on the
Control and Display Unit. The instrument requires 20 to 40 minutes of warm-up time from a
cold start for the instrument to operate within specifications (this time can vary with
environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity). Reasonable care should be taken
to place the measuring head aperture flat against the surface to be measured.

The power-on configuration is:

 IR absolute mode
 Reflectance display
The following instructions will step through the power-up and measurement procedure
for the TESA 2000. The instructions are for using the unit with AC power or Battery power.
1. Carefully remove the TESA 2000 components from the carrying cases.
2. Connect the cable between the measurement head and the control/display unit.
3. Connect either the AC power transformer cable or the battery unit cable to the
control/display unit.
4. If AC power is to be used, plug the power transformer into a 110 VAC. If battery
power is used, connect the battery cable to one of the battery packs. Do not operate
the instrument on battery power when the battery is connected to the charger.
5. Depress the POWER key on the display unit to begin operation.
6. Wait 20 to 40 minutes for warm up the instrument in IR absolute measurement mode
(required warm up time may vary depending upon external environmental conditions
such as temperature and humidity).
7. Choose the measurement mode:  for solar absorptance measurements,  for
emittance measurements. To switch between modes, press the trigger on the head to
enter waiting mode and then choose  or  on the control. Then press the head
trigger again to re-enter measurement mode.
8. If taking IR measurements select absolute mode for near normal emittance
measurements or relative mode for hemispherical emittance measurements (must
calibrate to reference puck periodically to use relative mode).
9. Position the TESA 2000 sample aperture flat against the surface to be measured or
place the sample over the measurement aperture with the TESA 2000 measurement
head inverted.
10. Press the button on the handle again to store the run. Repeat steps 8 and 9 for
additional measurements, the re-press trigger to take more measurements.

Note 1: Every second click a new measurement is displayed.

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Note 2: The state of the instrument is set by the trigger switch. If the instrument was turned off
while in the measuring state, then it will power up in the measuring state. To enter the wait state,
press the trigger once.

Note 3: Every time the instrument is triggered to move from the measuring state to the wait
state, the value displayed is saved.

Detailed Instructions for Start-Up

If operation of the TESA 2000 is for LABORATORY use, the TESA 2000 can be
assembled at the workspace or lab table. First, connect the connection cable to the head unit and
the control/display unit. Each of the connectors and mating connectors has key notches. When
connecting the cable, make note of the gender and the key notches for proper connection. Each
connector is keyed differently, therefore, making a wrong connection is unlikely.

If the power desired is AC power, connect the AC power connection, noting the key
notch, to the back of the control/display unit with the transformer unplugged from the wall outlet.
Finally, plug the wall transformer into the wall outlet. The TESA 2000 is ready for operation.

If the operation of the TESA 2000 is for PORTABLE use, the TESA 2000 must be
assembled in the vest. The vest consists of a pocket in the back, a pocket in the front, top
shoulder Velcro straps, under arm Velcro straps, and waist Velcro straps.

First, place the vest on the user and adjust the waist Velcro straps and the under arm
Velcro straps for snug, yet comfortable fit. The back pocket on the vest is the carrying pocket for
the battery. Place the battery matching the connector with the pocket flap opening into the vest
battery pocket. Close the pocket with the pocket flap making the closure snug. Next, the
control/display unit is to be placed in the front vest pocket. The front pocket has two side straps,
which must be loose in order to slide the control/display unit into the pocket. Connect the side
straps of the front pocket for a snug fit against the control/display unit.

The cable between the battery and the control/display unit must be connected. Connect
the cable to the battery by first noting the key notches for proper connection. With the
connection in place, take the cable over the shoulder and strap in the cable with the top shoulder
Velcro strap. Next connect the cable to the control/display unit, again noting the pin-out and the
key notch in the connectors.

Once the vest, control/display unit and battery are assembled, the head can be connected
to the control display unit. Once again when connecting the cable between the head and the
control/display unit note the key notch and the pin-out of the connector for proper connection.

The TESA 2000 is ready for portable operation.

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 Figure 3-1. TESA 2000 Front Panel.

3.2 TESA 2000 Front Panel Functions

Front panel switches provide for mode selection, relative mode calibration, and selection
of format of the output data. Four membrane switches are provided to adjust operation. The
following subsections will cover the measurement functions of the control/display unit in greater
detail.

3.2.1 Mode Selection

TESA 2000 may be operated in either IR absolute mode, IR relative mode or solar
absorptance mode.

3.2.1.1 IR Absolute Mode

Upon power-up, TESA 2000 is placed in IR absolute mode (after an opening screen is
displayed). The beam deflector, a polished mirror, is moved into the path of the beam, reflecting
it onto the detector. After the signal has settled, a number of reference readings are made and
averaged. The infrared beam is then reflected onto the sample. After the signal has settled, a
number of sample readings are made and averaged. The displayed measurement will be the ratio
of the sample measurement to the reference measurement. The displayed measurement will be
updated after every second click. All measurements are displayed simultaneously on both the
control box display and the head display for greater flexibility during operation.

Note: Allow the TESA 2000 to warm-up for 20 to 40 minutes after a cold start. When the
instrument is operating in the solar mode for a prolonged period of time it may take several

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minutes for the IR side to stabilize when returning to make emittance measurements. The
performance of the IR side can be checked with the calibration puck.

When taking measurements, the measurement aperture in the measurement head unit
must be held flat against the sample or desired measured area. This is essential for total
hemispheric collection. In order to store the reading, press the trigger button on the handle of the
head. This action will store the last displayed reading in memory and switch the instrument from
the MEASUREMENT state to the WAIT state. The last stored measurement (run number and
value) is displayed on the control/display unit, along with the current reading. The stored
measurements can be downloaded later to a PC using the supplied software through an RS232
serial port. To resume making measurements, press the trigger button again.

To toggle between IR reflectance and IR emittance, press the left side of the MEASURE
key, labeled /. Reflectance and emittance are related by the following,equation.
IR absolute mode emittance () = 1 - 

To toggle between absolute mode and relative mode, simply push the MODE switch on
its right side, labeled ABS/REL. The current mode, relative (REL) or absolute (ABS), is
displayed in the upper right hand corner of the control/display unit display. The type of
measurement IR or solar is displayed there as well. On the head display, the data is only
specified as either reflectance (rho), emittance (epsilon), or solar absorptance (alpha).

3.2.1.2 IR Relative Mode

In IR relative mode, the infrared beam is reflected alternately onto the beam deflector and
the sample. A number of readings are averaged. The previously stored calibration readings and
corrections are used to calculate the relative reflectance. The displayed measurement will be
updated every second click. Measurements are stored and displayed in the same manner as IR
absolute mode (must be calibrated to reference puck periodically. See Section 3.2.2).

To toggle between absolute mode and relative mode, simply push the MODE switch on
its right side, labeled ABS/REL.

3.2.1.3 Solar Absorptance Mode

Besides the IR Reflectance/Emittance modes of operation, the TESA 2000 can also be
used to make solar absorptance measurements. In order to operate the TESA 2000 in the Solar
Absorptance mode, press the head trigger to place the unit in waiting mode and then press the
“” button on the control/display unit. After pressing the “” button, both displays on the
control/display unit and the head unit will display “Waiting….” and the upper right hand corner
of the control/display unit will display “ Solar Mode : ABS”.

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 To initiate making measurements, press the trigger located on the handle once again The
trigger has two functions. When the trigger is pressed in the WAIT state (indicated by the
display of “Waiting…”), the instrument will switch to the MEASUREMENT state and begin
making solar absorptance measurements. The instrument then displays “ = x.xxx”. Wait for
the readings to stabilize. When the trigger is pressed again, the displayed reading will be stored
in data memory and the instrument will stop making solar measurements and enter the WAIT
state.

Note: The unit should not be left running in the measurement state of the solar mode for a
prolonged period of time. The solar lamp is at the highest operating voltage in this state
and will unduly heat up the unit. This can cause a lock up of the system. Operation is
recovered by turning the TESA off and on, but when not in use, the TESA should be idled
in the IR mode WAIT state. Leaving the instrument in the solar mode, measurement state
does not harm the instrument, but can compromise the readings.

To return to IR mode, press the head trigger to enter the waiting state. When the display
shows “Waiting…” press the (/ ) button on the control/display unit. The upper right hand
corner should display “IR Mode: REL”, but “Waiting…” will still be displayed until the head
trigger is pushed again to initiate the measurement process.

3.2.2 IR Relative Mode Calibration Adjust

As stated above, the TESA 2000 will default and begin to take measurements in the IR
ABS Reflectance mode. In order to make measurements in the IR Relative mode the instrument
requires calibration. The TESA 2000 unit has a calibration puck with two sides, Gold and Black,
that is used to calibrate the instrument for proper IR Relative reflectance/emittance operation.

For TESA 2000 calibration, carefully remove the calibration puck from its container. In
order for proper calibration, the puck must be handled with extreme care (only grasp sides). If
the instrument has been allowed to warm up for 20 to 40 minutes, the calibration for IR Relative
mode can be performed.

Press the calibration button (marked “Cal” on the MODE key) on the control/display unit
to begin the calibration sequence. (Once pressed the calibration sequence must be completed.)
Place the gold side of the puck on the head unit making sure the aperture hole is completely
covered. After the initial press of the “Cal” button, the control display should display the “CalHi
= 0.xxx” value. If this value is incorrect or does not match the value labeled on the puck
container, the value can be changed up or down. Changing the value is performed by simply
pressing the up or down on the CALIBRATION key. Once the value for “CalHi” is acceptable,
press the “Cal” button a second time.

By pressing the “Cal” button the second time, the instrument will proceed to measure the
Gold side of the puck. The measurement of the Gold side is complete when the control/display
unit displays the “CalLo = x.xxx” value. Do not disturb the puck until the display changes to the

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CalLo value. At that point, turn the puck over to the black side and place it over the aperture
hole, again making sure the aperture hole is completely covered. If this value is incorrect or does
not match the value labeled on the puck container, the value can be changed up or down. Once
the value for “CalLo” is acceptable, press the “Cal” button a third time.

By pressing the “Cal” button the third time, the instrument will proceed to measure the
Black side of the puck. The measurement of the Black side is complete when the control display
unit shows “ = x.xxx”. After the calibration sequence is completed, the TESA 2000 will begin
to make measurements in the IR Relative reflectance mode.

The TESA 2000 can also display the IR REL mode in Emittance (). In order to display
the emittance readings, press the ( / ) button on the control/display unit. Pressing the ( / )
button simply toggles between reflectance and emittance. Note: you can determine the mode of
operation of the instrument by displayed mode of operation in the upper right hand corner of the
control/display unit.

Calibrated values are stored in non-volatile memory and are not erased by powering off the
TESA 2000.

3.3 Battery Charging and Usage Procedure

The TESA 2000 is equipped with two (2) 12V, 15AH batteries. These batteries give the
operator more mobility when making optical property measurements in the field. Optimal
portable performance of the TESA 2000 is achieved by proper use of the batteries and its
accompanying charger.

3.3.1 Battery Charging Procedure

The TESA 2000 battery packs are charged using a charger from Soneil (P/N: 1205SRD).
The battery pack has two connectors. The large circular connector connects the battery to the
control/display box. The smaller power jack is for the charger. Do not connect the battery to
the control/display unit while charging.
Steps for Charging
1. Plug charger connector into small power jack on battery box.
2. Plug charger into AC outlet. The LED will glow orange if charging and green if fully
charged. The LED will flash if the unit is in deep discharge charging mode.
3. When the LED is green the battery is fully charged. For maximum discharge time,
leave the battery on the charger until ready for use.
The battery should take 5-6 hours to charge when it has been fully discharged.

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3.3.2 Battery Usage Procedure

In order to use the TESA 2000 on battery power attach the battery cable. The large
circular connector plugs into the large receptacle on the battery box. The right angle connector
attaches to the receptacle on the left side (front view) of the control/display unit. The battery
cable on the TESA 2000 is designed so that it can not be plugged into the wrong connector and
its connectors are keyed for proper connection. Also, if the AC power supply is connected, the
TESA 2000 will use it to conserve battery power automatically.

Once the battery is connected, the TESA 2000 will operate identically to when it is used
on AC power. When the battery voltage falls below 10.5 Volts, the control/display unit and the
head display will inform the user of the low voltage and will stop taking measurements. It is
recommended that the user turn off the TESA 2000. If further instrument use is needed simply
shut off instrument and attach the second battery, power the instrument on and continue
operation. The data will not be cleared or lost by a low battery. The drained battery should then
be recharged. A fully charged battery should give 2-4 hours run time.

Note: The TESA 2000 battery pack is made up of 18 sealed Lead-Acid cells enclosed in a metal
container. Do not attempt to open the battery box.

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4.0 TESA 2000 DATABASE SOFTWARE

4.1 Software Installation

The TESA 2000 download software is included in the TESA 2000 kit along with the RS-
232 download cable. The download software is written to run with Windows 95, 98 and
Windows XP. In order to install the download software, simply place DVD in your drive, and
double click the Setup file within the Software directory. This will automatically install the
TESA 2000 download software.

4.2 Database Operation

In order to utilize the TESA 2000 download software, the control/display unit must be out
of the vest and turned on. Note: It is not necessary to have the head unit connected to the
control/display unit for data memory download. The RS-232 connection is located in the back of
the control/display unit. Connect the RS-232 connection cable from the control/display unit to
the PC, noting the gender of the connections. Double-click on the icon (created in the root
directory “TESA” folder) for the TESA 2000 download software, the main menu should appear
(see Figure 4.1). The instrument will immediately respond to the download sequence and display
“Downloading….”. If the head unit is attached to the control/display unit, the head display will
also respond by displaying “Downloading….” .

The TESA 2000 has a memory storage capability for 200 data measurements. Each
measurement has a run number and a time tag. The time tag consists of the time of day, the day,
month, and year that the measurement was made. Along with each data measurement, a status
byte is maintained to indicate whether the measurement is one of the five TESA 2000 operational
modes. In order to download the data, click on the “Collect Data” button. The data will appear
at the bottom of the screen. This data can be saved by the usual and customary standards set
forth by Windows (File, Save As,…). Once the data has been downloaded to the computer, the
data can be cleared from the instrument by clicking the “Clear Memory” button. Once the “Clear
Memory” button has been activated, the data stored in the TESA 2000 will be completely erased.

Note: If the instrument has reached its 200 measurement capacity, the control/display unit and
the head unit will both display a “Memory Full” message on their LCD screens. At this time
downloading will be required for further instrument operation.

The time and date of the TESA 2000 is important. As stated earlier, all data
measurements are tagged with a run number and the time the data measurement was stored.
Utilizing the download software can also change the time and data of the TESA 2000. Simply
press the “Set Time” button and proceed to change the time and date of the TESA 2000
instrument.

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 Once finished with the data downloading and the time/date change, simply exit the TESA
2000 download program. By exiting the program, the instrument will default back to the IR
absolute mode of taking measurements.

Note: If the head was disconnected during the download sequence, power the control/display
unit off. Reconnect the head unit to the control/display unit, power the unit back on and resume
normal operation.

Figure 4-1. Database Menu.

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5.0 GENERAL CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE TESA 2000

The TESA 2000 is a very durable, portable optical instrument. Yet at the same time, it is
highly compact and sensitive. While the instrument was designed for use in the field, the user
should keep from bumping and jarring the TESA 2000 excessively.

There are no user serviceable-parts inside of the TESA 2000, therefore the user should
never attempt to open any part of the TESA 2000.

The user should take care to keep the measurement aperture clean. The user should take
special care in keeping the inside of the ellipsoid clean. Dust and other particles can get inside
the ellipsoid and lower reflectance readings. If this happens, the unit will need to be cleaned by
AZ Technology. A good practice is to keep the measurement aperture covered, even when in the
carrying case. Post-It® tape works nicely. If contamination from adhesive is a concern just cover
the hole with a small metal disk or small metalplate or use Kapton tape. The calibration puck
also needs to be stored in its case and kept clean to assure proper calibration of the TESA 2000.

If the displays get dirty and difficult to read, the user can wipe them down with a soft
cloth. Do NOT use any cleaning solution. Do not press down too hard, as the displays may be
damaged.

The next section contains some problems with common solutions. If the unit does not
function properly and its malfunction does not appear to be caused by one of the following
problems, contact AZ Technology at (256) 837-9877.

Note: It is recommended that the reference puck be sent to AZ Technology for re-calibration
yearly, under typical usage.

Note: It is recommended that the instrument be sent with the reference puck to AZ Technology
for re-calibration every 2 years, under typical usage.

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6.0 COMMON PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS

6.1 Foil or Wrinkled Material

Foil or wrinkled material should be flattened over the measurement aperture with an
appropriate heavier flat weight. Do not use the calibration puck for this purpose. It could damage
the puck.

6.2 Transmitting Sample

Note: This procedure can be used to approximate total transmittance. If a black non-reflecting
cavity is available, it should be used instead of the black puck in the second measurement.

To see if a sample is partially transmitting, the gold and black pucks should be alternately
placed on the sample as backing. If the sample is transmitting, the reflectance values will be
different. To calculate the approximate total transmittance:
1. Measure the sample using the high reflectance gold backing: = x
2. Measure the sample total reflectance using the low reflectance black backing: = s
3. Measure the total reflectance of the gold that was used for the backing: = g

With x, s and g known the transmittance s of the sample can be calculated:

1 4 x  4  s   g  s2 
 s    s  
2 g 
 
When running in the emittance or IR reflectance modes, gold is a good choice for the
high reflector. When running in the solar mode, aluminum is a better choice than gold for the
high reflectance backing. Use the 0 to 1 full scale values for x and , not percentages.

6.3 Large Fluctuations in Readings

This occurs mainly when the instrument is first turned on. Allow the source energy and
electronics to stabilize. This problem may also occur when the sample is first placed against the
aperture. This is normal. The air displaced by the sample will temporarily cool the detector
affecting the measurement. Leave the sample over the aperture until the readings stabilize.

The detector utilizes a pyroelectric element to cover the spectrum from about 250nm to
greater than 35m. All pyroelectric elements are also piezoelectric to some extent and therefore
respond to a sudden change in position, by bumps, taps, rattles and even loud noises. In most
cases, only a few seconds are required for the readings to stabilize after a transient event. If
fluctuations persist, the sample will have to be taken to a quieter environment or the bumps, taps,
etc. in the environment must be removed.

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 Large fluctuations in readings may result if AC ground is not connected. Check the wall
outlet for proper wiring or try another outlet. If using an AC extension cord, make sure it
connects all three prongs of the AC power cord. Never defeat the third wire ground; the
instrument may not function correctly and this may create a safety or shock hazard.

6.4 Higher or Lower Readings Than Normal

If foreign particles fall into the ellipsoid or onto other optics in the TESA 2000, the
reflectance data read by the detector will be lowered. This will cause lower IR reflectances,
higher IR emittances, and higher solar absorptances. The user should first check her/his samples
to make sure that they have not degraded or have become soiled. If the samples check out, the
unit will need to be cleaned by AZ Technology.

If readings in absolute (ABS) mode are good, yet relative (REL) mode appears to be
giving faulty data, recalibrate the instrument. If the data is still off, check the calibration puck for
signs of wear. If the puck is dirty, the user may clean the gold side with a soft cloth. The black
side is more sensitive and should NOT be cleaned by the user. If the values are still off, the puck
may need to be sent to AZ Technology for re-calibration or replaced.

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7.0 LIMITED WARRANTY FOR TESA 2000 PORTABLE EMISSOMETER
Limited Warranty

Products manufactured by AZ Technology, Inc. are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year
from date of shipment thereof from AZ Technology, Inc. to the Buyer. Liability under this warranty is expressly limited to replacement or
repair (at AZ Technology, Inc.'s option) of defective parts. This warranty applies only to parts manufactured and labor provided by AZ
Technology, Inc. under valid warranty claims, which must be received by AZ Technology, Inc. within the applicable warranty period and
shall be subject to the terms and conditions hereof. Expendable items such as filaments, heaters, lamps, sphere coatings, etc. by their nature
and frequency of use may not function for the warranty period; if such items fail to give reasonable service for a reasonable period of time, as
determined solely by AZ Technology, Inc., AZ Technology, Inc. will, at its election, repair or replace them. All warranty replacement or
repair of parts shall be limited to equipment malfunctions, which in the sole opinion of AZ Technology, Inc., are due or traceable to defects in
original materials or workmanship. Malfunctions caused by abuse or neglect of the equipment are expressly not covered by this warranty.
In-Warranty repaired or replacement parts are warranted only for the remaining unexpired portion of the original warranty period
applicable to the parts which have been repaired or replaced. After expiration of the applicable warranty period, the Buyer shall be charged
at AZ Technology, Inc.'s then current prices for parts, labor or transportation.

Reasonable care must be used to avoid hazards. AZ Technology, Inc. expressly disclaims responsibility for any loss or damage caused by the
use of its products other than in accordance with proper operating and safety procedures.

Where AZ Technology, Inc. specifically agrees in writing to provide installation on site and acceptance testing of the products, the warranty
period may be extended, if agreed to in writing by AZ Technology, Inc., to ninety (90) days from date of acceptance, but in no event more
than one hundred twenty (120) days from date of shipment of the products. Warranties given by suppliers of equipment or proprietary
components, not manufactured by AZ Technology, Inc. but incorporated by AZ Technology, Inc. into its products, shall be passed on to the
customer, provided that in no event shall AZ Technology, Inc. have any liability for failure of any such supplier to perform on its warranty.

EXCEPT AS STATED HEREIN, AZ TECHNOLOGY, INC. MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED (EITHER IN FACT
OR BY OPERATION OF LAW), STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE; AND EXCEPT AS STATED HEREIN, AZ TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY UNDER ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED (EITHER IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF
LAW), STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. AZ TECHNOLOGY, INC. SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR SPECIAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND OR FROM ANY CAUSE ARISING OUT OF THE SALE, INSTALLATION OR USE OF
ANY OF ITS PRODUCTS. Statements made by any person, including representatives of AZ Technology, Inc., which are inconsistent or in
conflict with the terms of this warranty shall not be binding upon AZ Technology, Inc. unless reduced to writing and approved by an officer
of AZ Technology, Inc.

AZ Technology, Inc. may at any time discharge its warranty as to any of its products by refunding the purchase price and taking back the
products.

Warranty Replacement and Adjustment

Before any products are returned for repair, replacement and/or adjustment, written authorization from AZ Technology, Inc. for the return
and instructions as to how and where the products should be shipped must be obtained. Any products returned to AZ Technology, Inc. shall
be sent prepaid via the means of transportation indicated as acceptable in the written authorization. AZ Technology, Inc. reserves the right
to reject any warranty claim on any product that has been shipped by unauthorized means of transportation. When any item is returned for
examination and inspection, buyer and its shipping agency must assume responsibility for damage resulting from improper packing or
handling, and for loss in transit.

When any product is returned, customer shall provide AZ Technology, Inc. with data on operating conditions and any other pertinent
information which will enable AZ Technology, Inc. to determine the cause of claimed warranty defects. In all cases, AZ Technology, Inc. has
sole responsibility for determining the cause and nature of failure, and AZ Technology, Inc.'s determination with regard thereto shall be
conclusive.

In the event it is determined by AZ Technology, Inc. that a product has been returned without cause, Buyer will be notified and the product
returned at Buyer's expense; in addition, a charge for testing and examination may, in the sole discretion of AZ Technology, Inc., be made on
certain products so returned.

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