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édito sommaire N° 451 / Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018
NIVEAU DE DIFFICULTÉ ET ÉQUIVALENCE CECRL
(Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les langues) :
 facile A2-B1  moyen B2-C1  difficile C1-C2
Pour faciliter le repérage et la compréhension, les mots traduits sont surlignés dans tous les
articles du magazine.

AMÉLIE ARA
RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF Grand angle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
On parle d'eux .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

Are the giants A la une
of Silicon Valley  B2-C1 How big tech is finally awakening THE GUARDIAN (UK) .................. 6

growing up? Silicon Valley leaders’ struggle to recover their reputation.

With more than 6 000 high tech companies and  B2-C1 Tech leaders are growing up THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ............................ 9
a turnover of around 235 billion dollars, Silicon Tech leaders have aged, will their companies too?
Valley is the ultimate symbol of American pros-
perity. Names like Google and Twitter began as  A2-B1 A 360° ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
small start-ups before becoming the multina-
tional businesses everyone knows.
Société
However, take a closer look at the idyllic picture  B2-C1 Dordogne town's Brexit boom THE GUARDIAN (UK) .................................................... 13
and in reality it is a bit tarnished. This supposed Britons’ mass migration to the French town of Eymet.
eldorado is responsible for the disappearance
of an out-priced middle class, and a completely  B2-C1 Buddhism’s popularity in the United States THE ECONOMIST (UK) . 15
saturated real estate market in San Francisco. Why Buddhism is winning the United States.
The Cambridge Analytica scandal, headlining
in the international press for months, has forced
Facebook to rethink its confidentiality policy. PRATIC’ABLE  ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17
Facebook and Twitter went from offering a way Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler
to connect people worldwide and liberate the comme un anglophone
oppressed to now being seen as a “danger to Les journaux et l’imprimerie/ Jeux de mots
democracy”.

Add to this a revolt within Silicon Valley where

some employees of the tech giants have devel- Enjeux
oped a conscience, well before its leaders, with  C1-C2 Still no brakes on fast fashion LOS ANGELES TIMES (US) ........................................ 21
new groups such as Tech Action or The Center for Online brands are taking over the fashion industry.
Humane Technology, pushing for the development
of more ethical products and fighting against  B2-C1 Trump and Macron’s relationship THE INDEPENDENT (UK) ........................... 23
the abusive uses of technology. How will the How Macron managed to charm the unpredictable American president.
Silicon Valley giants recover from this fall and
re-establish their reputation? We take a look at  A2-B1 Echos ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
these issues in this month’s edition.
Happy Reading!
Culture
 B2-C1 The Simpsons: TV's longest-running sitcom
THE INDEPENDENT (UK) .............................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Rejoignez-nous sur et suivez-nous sur et sur Reasons for the success of the animated satirical TV show.

 C1-C2 Drake: the making of a superstar THE GUARDIAN (UK) ........................................ 28
Portrait of a rapper who has conquered the entire planet.
BONUS

L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3 Découverte

de conversation : Des interviews en V.O.  B2-C1 Performing tasks when being watched THE INDEPENDENT (UK) ... 30.
pour améliorer votre compréhension How well do we perform tasks in front of others?
Tous les articles du magazine sont lus par des
anglophones sur le CD (ou les MP3) de lecture
Bons plans .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Retrouvez le reportage vidéo
lié à l’ article sur vocable.fr
Les sorties ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Le dessin .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35

Photo de couverture : Istock, SIPA/montage S. Burlion.

 Grand
angle
ETATS-UNIS
The Time 100 list
The Time 100 list is the list of the
100 most influential people in
the world. It has been published
by the American magazine Time
every year since 1999.  Barack
Obama has been the most
featured person by appearing
eleven times.
featured included, mentioned.
4 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018
L’actualité en images
(Evan Agostini/AP/SIPA)
PARKLAND STUDENTS AT THE
TIME 100 GALA
More than three months after the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting,
Parkland student survivors are still delivering their strong anti-gun message in the US
media. Last month, they attended this year’s Time 100 Gala. David Hogg, Cameron Kasky,
Emma González, Alex Wind and Jaclyn Corin, who started the #NeverAgain movement and
organised the March For Our Lives demonstration, were all included in the Time 100 list.
Former US President Barack Obama wrote the accompanying statement: “By bearing
witness to carnage, by asking tough questions and demanding real answers, the Parkland
students are shaking us out of our complacency.” The 2018 list had a record number of 45
people under the age of 40.
shooting killing of many people by a gunman / to deliver to give, share, here make a speech about / to attend to be present at /
demonstration public protest / former ex / statement declaration, message / to bear, bore, borne witness to see, here, be
present at / tough difficult / to demand to insist upon / to shake, shook, shaken here, to get rid of / complacency here,
acceptance of the status quo.
 On parle d'eux… Retrouvez le fil d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Ceux qui font l'actu

Melania Trump
US First Lady Melania Trump has unveiled a
program called “Be Best,” which is her first ini-
tiative as a first lady. In a speech delivered in
the White House Rose Garden, she presented
the program, which will tackle opioid abuse,
social media pressures and mental health is-
sues among children and teenagers. “There
are too many critical issues facing children to-
day for her to choose just one,” Melania
Trump’s spokeswoman said. In the hours fol-
lowing her speech, Melania Trump was ac-
cused of plagiarism because one of the pro-
gram booklets, “Talking to Kids About Being

(Ron Sachs/SIPA)
Online”, was very similar to a booklet that had
been released under Barack Obama’s adminis-
tration in 2014...
to unveil to reveal, present / speech formal talk / to deliver here, to give / to tackle to combat, deal with / opioid abuse excessive consumption of opiates / social media
social network sites on the internet / pressure influence, force, demand / critical crucial, important, vital / to face to be confronted by / spokeswoman woman who speaks
on behalf of an organisation / booklet brochure, guide / to release to publish, make public / administration government.

(MAJA SMIEJKOWSKA/Shutte/SIPA)
(Alex Edelman/NEWSCOM/SIPA)
(James Gourley/Shutterst/SIPA)

Prince Charles Gina Haspel Theresa May

Prince Charles has made a historical visit to Gina Haspel, who was chosen by Donald Trump
Greece. The Prince of Wales travelled to to lead the CIA in March — and who has become
Athens with the Duchess of Cornwall on the the first woman to lead the agency – has faced
9th of May for the first official visit to the public scrutiny for the first time earlier this month,
country in modern Greek history – Greece is during her confirmation hearing before the
the only EU member state not to have been Senate Intelligence Committee. She was asked
officially visited by the Queen. The visit, which questions about her role in the agency’s former
lasted for three days, was officially meant to torture program, especially about her oversight of
highlight the two nations’ longstanding a secret CIA prison in Thailand in 2002, where
maritime and military links, but its purpose suspected terrorists were subjected to brutal
was also to improve bilateral relations, which interrogation techniques such as waterboarding.
have been complicated since 1923. to lead, led, led to direct / CIA = Central Intelligence
Wales country that is part of the UK and to the west of Agency / scrutiny close examination / confirmation
England (capital: Cardiff) / Cornwall county in the south hearing meetings held by the Senate to gather
west of England / to last to take place over / to be information about candidates for federal office nominated
meant to to be intended to / to highlight to by the U.S. president / Senate Intelligence Committee
emphasise, underline / longstanding that has existed permanent agency of the Senate dedicated to overseeing
for a long time / link connection / purpose aim, the American intelligence community / former previous,
objective / to improve to make better. past / oversight supervision, management, control / to
subject to inflict / waterboarding form of torture using
water and simulating drowning.
British Prime Minister Theresa May suffered a
major defeat earlier this month on her EU
Withdrawal Bill in the House of Lords, when
the Lords voted to stay in the single market.
Both Labour and Tory peers – 83 Labour peers
and 17 Tories – supported a cross-party
amendment calling for continued
participation in the European Economic Area.
This was another major blow to Theresa May’s
Brexit strategy, following other defeats.
to suffer to sustain / Withdrawal Bill parliamentary
bill (bill proposed law) to implement the country’s exit
from the EU (Brexit) by repealing the European
Communities Act 1972 / Labour major centre-left U.K.
party / Tory Conservative Party / peer here, a member
of the House of the Lords (the upper chamber) / to
support here, to back up / cross-party involving two or
more political parties / to call for to demand, ask for /
blow setback, defeat.

VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 •5

À la une I Technologie I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1

39
39 Silicon Valley companies
Silicon Valley
are among the 1000 largest
American companies.
Los Angeles

THE GUARDIAN JULIA CARRIE WONG

HOW BIG TECH IS

FINALLY AWAKENING
The late awakening of the web giants (big tech name given to the major American internet companies)
For the last three months, Facebook has been at the centre of a major scandal related to the leaking of personal data of millions
of users— data obtained and used illegally during the 2016 American presidential campaign. From the beginning, with the
Cambridge Analytica exposé, calls for confidentiality and security have not ceased, including from within the industry itself. Will
Facebook and the other Silicon Valley giants manage to recover their reputation?

F or an industry that prides itself on

innovation, Silicon Valley loves to
conform. The herd mentality can be seen
everywhere, from tech executives’ collec-
tive commitment to wearing wool slip-
pers in public to the spectacle of Facebook,
1. to pride oneself on to take personal satisfaction in /
herd mentality group instinct to behave like everybody
else, conformity / tech = technology / commitment
taking part, participation / wool (made of the) material
obtained from a sheep /
slipper comfortable shoe
worn inside the home /
Google and Twitter sheepishly echoing
one another’s testimony at a series of
congressional hearings [last] October. In
recent months, a new trend has emerged
among the tech elite: publicly bashing the
companies that made them enormously
wealthy.
2. Sean Parker and Chamath Palihapitiya,
both former Facebook executives, made
headlines with sharp critiques of their
former employers’ addictive qualities and
damage to society. The pair joined a grow-
ing chorus of disenchanted techies, includ-
ing the Facebook engineer who invented
the Like button, the former Google ethi-
cist Tristan Harris, and the designer who
came up with the “pull to refresh” mech-
anism used by Twitter.
sheepishly in an embarrassed way / to echo to
repeat / testimony formal statement
usually given in a court of law /
congressional in front of Congress /
hearing audience, session / trend
general tendency / to bash to criticise /
wealthy rich.
2. to make, made, made headlines
to be reported on the front page of the
newspapers / sharp harsh, acerbic /
damage detriment, harm / chorus
here, group / disenchanted
disillusioned / techy person working
with the new technologies / ethicist
person whose judgment on ethics and
ethical codes is trusted by a specific
community / pull to refresh mechanism
touchscreen gesture to renew the
information on a device.
“A BIG SLAP IN THE FACE
3. Tech’s nascent moment of reckoning is
welcome – if somewhat belated. Victor
Frankenstein recognized that his creation
was a “miserable monster” on the very
same “dreary night of November” that he
created it. It appears to have taken a full
decade and a different dreary November
night to awaken the new class of tech
agonists to the horror of their inventions.
4. The election of Donald Trump was “a
big slap in the face” for people at Facebook,
said Antonio Garcia-Martinez, a former
Facebook product manager. To most Face-
book employees, Garcia-Martinez said,
“Trump is the incarnation of Satan. The
fact that they helped Satan get elected
does dog a lot of people.” Ev Williams, one
of the co-founders of Twitter, told the New
York Times this spring that Twitter’s role
in Donald Trump’s rise to the presidency
was “a very bad thing”, adding: “If it’s true
that he wouldn’t be president if it weren’t
for Twitter, then yeah, I’m sorry.” >>>
3. slap smack / nascent new / reckoning complete
reevaluation / somewhat rather / belated delayed, tardy
/ dreary dull, grey, bleak / to awake, awaked or awoke,
awaked or awaken to sth to become conscious of sth /
agonist person engaged in a struggle.
4. to dog to bother, annoy, worry / rise ascension / if it
weren’t for Twitter if Twitter had not been there.

6 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg testifies at a joint
hearing of the Senate Judiciary and Commerce
committees on Capitol Hill in Washington D.C.,
April 2018. (CHINE NOUVELLE/SIPA)
VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 •7
 À la une I Technologie I
Facebook
2017 net income: US$16 billion  25,105 employees
>>> NOW, A PREVAILING VIEW
5. But tech’s new cohort of critics are not
exactly profiles in courage, according to
Siva Vaidhyanathan, a professor of media
studies at the University of Virginia who
is writing a book about Facebook. “Social
media scholars have been warning about
the fact that Facebook has been hijacked
by hateful groups, violent groups, au-
thoritarian leaders for years. It’s just that
very few people have been paying atten-
tion. It doesn’t take a huge intellectual
leap to be a Facebook critic these days.”
6.Indeed, it took nearly a year for Mark
Zuckerberg to apologize for dismissing
concerns that Facebook’s amplification of
misinformation could have influenced the
presidential election as a “pretty crazy
idea”. Garcia-Martinez also cast doubt
upon the sincerity of some of these mea
culpas. “He hasn’t exactly given back his
5. prevailing view generally agreed current opinion /
profile in courage model of courage / scholar expert,
specialist / to warn to notify in advance, caution / to
hijack to use or take control of sth for one’s own purposes
/ hateful full of hate, odious / intellectual leap mental
effort.
6. to dismiss to reject / concern worry, anxiety /
misinformation false information, «fake news» /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Yes and No
Il y a en anglais plusieurs expressions
qui reprennent les anciens mots
"yea" et "nay" pour dire oui et non :
the naysayers (§ 7) les opposants
systématiques
do not say me nay ne me dites pas
non
to say yea to something  dire oui à
quelque chose
to refuse to say yea or nay refuser de
donner une réponse catégorique
the yeas and the nays les voix pour et
les voix contre
8 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
Facebook equity or the wealth that derived
from it,” he said of Palihapitiya. “I think
[Palihapitiya and Parker] might have mi-
nor pricklings of conscience, but are they
really changed men who are seeking to
redress their sins of the past? Fuck no.”
ANTI-TECH PARENTS
7. Many of the men who have become tech
naysayers have changed in one crucial
aspect, however: they have become fa-
thers. “A lot of the designers and coders
who were in their 20s when we were
creating these things didn’t have kids.
Now they have kids,” Fadell said in June.
“And they see what’s going on, and they
say: ‘Wait a second.’”
8. Palihapitiya told CNBC
t hat his ow n children
were allowed “no screen
time whatsoever”, while
“It doesn’t
Parker, a father of two, take a huge
said of social networking:
“God only knows what it’s
intellectual
doing to our children’s leap to be a
brains.” That Silicon Val- Facebook critic
ley parents use the money
they earn from tech to these days.”
send t heir children
to tech-free schools is no
secret. But such qualms
have not stopped the tech companies
themselves from continuing to push their
products on to other people’s children,
both through partnerships with school
districts and special apps for children as
young as six.
equity capital funds, shares / pricklings of conscience
remorse (prickling sharp but momentary feelings) / to
seek, sought, sought to try to / to redress here, to repair
/ sin offence, wrongdoing.
7. naysayer sceptic, critic / coder programmer.
8. screen time time spent on electronic devices
(computer, tablet, phone, TV etc) / whatsoever at all /
qualm scruple / partnership association, collaboration /
school district (US) geographical area where a group of
public schools are administered together / app
= application.
2.2 billion monthly active users 
9. Roger McNamee, an early investor in
Google and Facebook and a stalwart of the
new tech critics, lambasted the targeting
of children in an article for the Guardian
this year, writing: “Alphabet provides
Chromebooks to elementary schools with
the objective of capturing the attention,
and perhaps even behavioral data, about
children. At the same time, Alphabet’s
YouTube Kids is a site filled with inap-
propriate content that creates addiction
in children far too young to resist.”
NOT ONLY IN THE WEST
10. Vaidhyanathan warned that even that
conversation suffers from “the myopia of
western Europe and America”. “When we
look around for the places
where Facebook has been
used and abused in the
most damaging ways, we
have to look at the Philip-
pines, India, and Myan-
mar – places where whole
radical nationalist move-
ments have been fostered
and executed on Face-
book,” said Vaidhyana-
than.
11. In recent months, news
outlets have documented
the role of Facebook in fomenting anti-
Rohingya hatred in Myanmar and help-
ing Rodrigo Duterte rise to power and
stifle dissent in the Philippines. If that
nightmare is keeping anyone in Silicon
Valley up at night, we haven’t heard about
it yet. But it’s as good as certain that if one
techie decides to take the leap and speak
out, others will follow. l
9. stalwart pillar, determined supporter / to lambast to
criticise vehemently / targeting act of focusing on a specific
group / behavioral (US) = behavioural (GB) data
information about user preferences, comportment, habits etc.
10. to warn to inform of possible danger / to foster to
encourage.
11. outlet media / to document to record, relate the
details of / hatred hate, hostility, here prejudice / to stifle
to suffocate, here suppress / dissent disagreement,
protest, resistance / nightmare bad dream, also, terrible
situation / to take, took, taken the leap to make a
decision to do sth / to speak, spoke, spoken out to
express one’s ideas openly.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
À la une I Technologies I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1

Silicon Valley's biggest companies based on revenue:

Apple, Alphabet (Google), Facebook, Wells Fargo and Visa.

THE NEW YORK TIMES KEVIN ROOSE

TECH LEADERS ARE

GROWING UP
Are tech leaders getting older and wiser?
(tech = technology here, ref to information and digital technology)
Sergueï Brin and Larry Page were not yet twenty-five when they created Google. Mark Zuckerberg was still at university when he
launched Facebook, and the joint founders of Instagram were under thirty when they created their app. The years have passed
and a variety of issues have arisen in the industry. Nowadays, only 26% of employees in Silicon Valley are over forty. Should Mark
Zuckerberg and his peers be worried?

S everal years ago, a plastic figurine

began appearing around Google’s of-
fices, an ageing alien with gray hair, a Google
Glass headset and a sign that read, “Get Off
My Lawn!” The doll, a special edition of Goog-
le’s Android mascot, was a jokey tribute to the
Greyglers, a group for the 40-and-over crowd
at Google, and the doll hinted at how it felt to
be an older worker in tech: funny, self-con-
scious, a little out of place. 

2. The Greyglers still exist, but they’re no

longer such an anomaly. Sundar Pichai,
Google’s 45-year-old chief executive, would
fit in the group. So would Larry Page and
Sergey Brin, who co-founded the search en-
gine as graduate students two decades ago;
Susan Wojcicki, an early employee who runs
YouTube; and most of the company’s other
high-ranking executives.  >>>

1. ageing sth or sb that is getting old(er) / alien extraterrestrial

/ gray (US) = grey (GB) / Google Glass optical head-
mounted display designed in the shape of a pair of eyeglasses
to provide information in a smartphone-like, hands-free format
/ headset here, eye glasses (with virtual reality or specialised
information technology system incorporated) / lawn area of
cut grass in a garden or park / jokey light-hearted, funny /
tribute homage / Greyglers = grey + Googlers / crowd here,
group of employees / to hint at to give a small idea of, suggest
/ self-conscious painfully aware of oneself, ill-at-ease / out
of place incompatible, incongruous.
2. chief executive general director / to fit in to belong, here, to
be a part of / search engine program to search for and identify
items in a database using keywords, mainly used to find
websites / graduate student student who is working on a
Master’s degree or PhD / early first, initial / high-ranking
highly-placed / executive director, senior employee.
Google headquarters in Mountain View, California. (Istock)
VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 •9
À la une I Technologies I
NOT SO YOUNG ANYMORE
3. For years, the self-appointed leaders of
Silicon Valley were young people — mostly
men — with age-appropriate behavior. They
adopted brash mottos like “move fast and
break things” and eschewed work-life balance
in favor of all-night hacking sessions in of-
fices that looked more like college dorms.
Their successes were cheered, and their sins
were shrugged off as the cost of innovation.  them. That’s a start.
4. “Young people are just smarter,” Mark
Zuckerberg crowed back in 2007, when he
was the 22-year-old wunderkind behind a
fledgling social network. Now, of course,
Facebook is a global powerhouse, and the
company’s pursuit of growth at all costs has
led to some truly dire consequences around
the world and fuelled a larger backlash
against tech. At the same time, Zuckerberg
3. self-appointed designated by themselves / brash
exuberant, extravagant / motto slogan, short phrase to
express a principle or ideal / to eschew to reject, ignore /
work-life balance equilibrium between professional and
private life / hacking cyber attack / college (US)
university / dorm = dormitory, university hall of residence
/ to cheer to applaud / sin moral offence, fault, here,
mistake / to shrug off to consider unimportant, be
unconcerned about.
4. to crow, crowed or crew, crowed to boast, brag /
wunderkind (German) young prodigy / fledgling new,
young, nascent / powerhouse very powerful and
prosperous entity / dire catastrophic, disastrous / to fuel
to incite / backlash counter-reaction /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
parenthood seems to
be shaping their
attitudes (§ 9) le fait
d'être parents change
leur façon de voir les
choses
D’autres expressions :
the joys of parenthood les joies de la
maternité (ou paternité)
the responsibilities of
parenthood  les responsabilités que
l'on a quand on a des enfants
she doesn't feel ready for
parenthood  elle ne se sent pas mûre
pour avoir des enfants
10 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Des femmes PDG de la Silicon Valley discutent du
manque de diversité dans l'industrie. Découvrez le
reportage vidéoet testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
has disproved his own theory. Now 33, he is
still not old by any measure (except perhaps
his own). But he is a smarter and more self-
aware leader than he was a decade ago, and
he has shown more willingness to accept
responsibility for the company’s mistakes.
After years of moving fast and breaking
things, Facebook is at least acknowledging
its flaws and trying, albeit clumsily, to fix
THINKING ABOUT
THEIR LEGACIES
5. There’s a lot of growing up Tech leaders
happening in today’s tech are becoming
industry, where former whiz
kids made their fortunes and more realistic
are now settling down, start- and
ing families and starting to
think about their legacies.
introspective.
Tech’s workforce remains
young — according to Pay-
Scale, the median employee at the five largest
tech companies is around 30, roughly a
decade younger than the median American
worker — but the industry’s leaders have
gotten older, and are seemingly more attuned
to the power they wield. “Five years ago, there
was no talk of empathy or moral responsibil-
ity,” said Om Malik, a venture capitalist who
has written about the tech industry for years.
6. In recent weeks, I spoke to numerous in-
dustry insiders about this coming of age.
Here’s what I learned. Tech leaders are be-
coming more realistic and introspective.
Gregor Hochmuth, 33, an early engineer at
Instagram, said some of today’s internet gi-
ants had grown up with positive-thinking
cultures that left them vulnerable to abuse.
to disprove to refute, contradict / by any measure from
any point of view / self-aware who knows oneself /
willingness readiness, being prepared to do sth / to
acknowledge to admit, recognize / flaw fault, failing /
albeit although / clumsily in an awkward manner.
5. legacy heritage / whiz kid genious, prodigy /
workforce staff, employees, personnel / roughly
approximately, around / seemingly apparently / to be
attuned to to be conscious of, aware of / to wield to
exert / venture capitalist investor.
6. insider person working within a group/profession /
coming of age arrival at adulthood, maturity / abuse
here, abusive practices.
“The idea that a product could make your life
worse was not in anyone’s perception,” said
Hochmuth, who left Instagram in 2014. 
UNEXPECTED GLOBAL SUCCESS
7. That perspective helps explain the shock
many founders felt when the internet grew
into the foundation of global culture and
commerce, and products they had built as
quirky experiments became pieces of critical
infrastructure. “No one was
thinking about ‘Wow, in 15
years, billions of people are
going to be using this site
every day,'” said Andrew Mc-
Collum, 34, one of Facebook’s
founders, who left the com-
pany in 2006 and is now the
chief executive of Philo, an
internet TV company. “The
goal was ‘How do we create
something great?’ — not
‘What’s our plan for world domination?'” 
8. You could chalk these statements up to
self-interest. But Maureen Taylor, a leader-
ship communication expert who frequently
coaches tech executives, said this kind of
earnest self-examination was becoming more
frequent among founders. “As you get older,
you realize your responsibilities are bigger,”
she said. “People are becoming very thought-
ful about the ramifications of technology,
and remembering that the whole point was
to make the world a better place.” Their new
outlook is making them more protective and
risk-averse. 
NEW PARENTS
9. The tech industry’s stereotypical acces-
sory used to be the hoodie. Today, it might
as well be the Baby Bjorn. There are a lot of
new parents among tech elites, including
Zuckerberg and Kevin Systrom, 34, a co-
7. foundation basis / quirky strange, eccentric / piece
here, aspect.
8. to chalk sth up to... to consider that something is
caused by a particular thing / self-interest personal
interest / earnest sincere, serious / thoughtful aware /
the whole point was... the principal objective was... /
outlook vision of things / risk-averse afraid of taking a
risk, cautious.
9. hoodie sweatshirt with a hood (covering for the head) /
Baby Bjorn brand of baby carrier /
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

$142,000
Employees and their children work together on projects in The Garage at Google headquarters. (Marcio Jose Sanchez/AP/SIPA)
founder of Instagram. (Evan Spiegel, the
27-year-old chief executive of Snap, is expect-
ing his first child this year.) And parenthood
seems to be shaping their attitudes. In an
interview with The New York Times this
year, Zuckerberg cited his children as one of
the reasons he was so focused on fixing Fa-
cebook. “It’s important to me that when Max
and August grow up that they feel like what
their father built was good for the world,”
Zuckerberg said.  works a bit like a forest — as old trees decay and
PROFESSIONALIZING THE
WORKPLACE
10. As their executives pursue personal
growth, some of Silicon Valley’s large com-
panies are also professionalizing their work-
places by cutting back on frivolous perks and
enforcing stricter rules on sexual harassment
and other forms of employee misconduct.
to shape to form, mould, define; here to influence / to fix
to repair, put right, resolve the problems of, here, improve.
10. to pursue to search for / to cut, cut, cut back on to
reduce / perk advantage, benefit / to enforce to
implement, apply / sexual harassment inappropriate
and unwelcome sexual behaviour usually with threat and
intimidation / misconduct reprehensible behaviour /
Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter
Average tech salary
in Silicon Valley
(You could call this the “Uber effect.”) Indus-
tries run by older executives aren’t necessar-
ily paragons of virtue, either. (See: Wall
Street.) But there is something to be said for
caution, and tech companies now seem aware
that they’re playing with live ammunition.  was “as large as it’s going to be,” he pre-
11. “You become more responsible when you
have more to lose,” Malik said. It also may make
their companies more vulnerable. Silicon Valley
die, they decompose and fertilize the next
generation of growth. And today’s largest tech
companies are beginning to show their age.
Facebook is 14 years old, and Twitter is 12.
Google, at 20, is now nearly as old as Microsoft
was in 1998, when Google was started.  decessors. Technology is too important now,
12. The tech industry’s maturity may be a
sign of cyclical renewal. Fifteen years ago,
caution prudence / live ammunition real bullets, to
play with live ammunition (fig.) to make decisions that
have real and possibly serious, even lethal, consequences.
11. to decay to decompose, disintegrate.
Larry Ellison — the billionaire co-founder
of Oracle, and the enfant terrible of an
earlier generation of tech moguls — de-
nounced what he saw as Silicon Valley’s
slow-footed stagnation. (The tech industry
dicted.) Ellison was wrong, of course. Tech
wasn’t stagnant, but the generation of
mature companies that included Oracle was
on its way to being eclipsed by newer and
scrappier ventures. 
13. If history is any indication, that cycle will
repeat itself and a new crop of young tech
leaders will emerge. But hopefully they’ll
learn from the mistakes made by their pre-
and we can’t afford another generation of
naïveté. l
12. billionaire very rich person who has (at least) a billion
dollars / mogul very rich and powerful person, magnate /
slow-footed slow, leaden / to predict to forecast, make
an assessment of what will happen in the future / scrappy
full of fighting spirit / venture project, enterprise.
13. crop here, generation / hopefully let us hope.
VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 11
 À 360°
Le tour du monde en V.O.
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(Gela Frantisek/AP/SIPA)
Changing the law
Belgian MPs have started a debate about the
decriminalisation of abortion after a large
public survey indicated that Belgians were in
favour of this measure. Although abortion in
the first twelve weeks after conception is
legal, there is a mandatory six-day period of
counselling and “reflection”, and having an

(Themba Hadebe/AP/SIPA)
abortion outside these restrictions remains an
imprisonable offence.
MP = Member of Parliament, political
representative / abortion termination of a pregnancy
/ survey poll, study / mandatory compulsory /
counselling (GB) counseling (US) psychological
help / offence crime, illegal act.

New name
In honour of the 50th anniversary of its independence in April, Swaziland was
given a new name. King Mswati III explained that he renamed his country be-
cause people abroad always referred to it as Switzerland. Swaziland’s new name
is eSwatini. Swaziland is one of the few former British colonies that didn’t take a
new name when it became independent. International journalists raised con-
cerns that changing the country’s name from Swaziland to eSwatini is merely a
distraction from the bigger issues faced by the country. Swaziland is an absolute
monarchy and one of the poorest countries in the world. It also has one of the
highest rates of HIV, with 26% of its adult population infected.

(Istock)
abroad in foreign countries / to refer to to call sth by a certain name / to raise concerns to bring up an issue of
preoccupation / merely simply, only / to face to be confronted by / HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus, condition that
can lead to Aids.

Giving to Caesar
Miyazaki frenzy what is Caesar’s
A new theme park, devoted to Hayao Sweden has officially stated that meatballs
Miyazaki’s works, is to open in Japan in are Turkish, and not Swedish, although they
2022. Hayao Miyazaki, co-founder of have been associated with the Scandinavian
Studio Ghibli, the leading Japanese furniture chain IKEA worldwide for a very
animation studio, has directed films long time. A post from Sweden’s official
with worldwide acclaim, such as Twitter account asserted: “Swedish
(LILO/SIPA)

Princess Mononoke, Howl’s Moving meatballs are actually based on a recipe

Castle, and Spirited Away. The King Charles XII brought home from Turkey
200-hectare theme park will be in the early 18th century. Let’s stick to the
located in a city near Nagoya and will feature rides and forest trails inspired by Miyazaki’s numerous facts!” The post received many comments
movies. Three of the five most visited theme parks in the world are already located in Japan. from shocked and dismayed Twitter users.
frenzy state of extreme excitement / to devote to dedicate / work artistic creation / leading eminent, top / to direct to to state to affirm, declare / furniture (inv.) movable
make a film / acclaim praise, enthusiastic approval / Princess Mononoke Princesse Mononoké / Howl’s Moving Castle articles in a house, chairs, tables etc / post message,
Le Château ambulant / Spirited Away Le Voyage de Chihiro / to feature to include / ride attraction at an amusement here tweet / to assert to affirm / to stick, stuck,
park / trail track, path. stuck to to keep to, adhere to / dismayed upset.

12 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018

Société I Immigration I FRANCE I  B2-C1

Bordeaux

Eymet

A British couple park their car in Eymet, 2005. (BOB EDME/AP/SIPA)

THE GUARDIAN JON HENLEY

DORDOGNE TOWN'S
BREXIT BOOM
Brits buying property in France in the rush to obtain residency rights before Brexit
Since 1999, Nouvelle-Aquitaine has been the region of France hosting the most Brits. The Dordogne, with its magnificent
countryside and picturesque villages, has been the preferred region for retired English people for many years and in the last few
months our neighbours from across the channel have been snapping up properties in the small village of Eymet!

A t the beginning of every year, Terrie

Simpson and her fellow estate agents
at Agence Eleonor, off Place Gambetta in the
pretty Dordogne town of Eymet, sit down to set
things out, get in, start qualifying for residency.
They feel the clock’s ticking. There’s a deadline.”

A LONGTIME POPULARITY
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE

Dans l'épicerie anglaise

their annual sales targets. By late February, they
realised they had already reached more than 30%
of their 2018 total. “It’s been mad,” said Simpson,
who worked for Boddingtons’ brewery before
landing in this tranquil part of south-west
France from the UK 16 years ago.  anglaises telles que :
2. “Just mad. We’ve had people coming in saying,
literally: ‘We’re here for a week and by the time
we leave we’d like a house.’ They want to sort
1. fellow co-, associate / estate agent property agent / to
set, set, set to fix, determine, establish / target objective,
goal / late end (of) / to reach to arrive at / brewery place
where beer is made / to land here, to arrive.
2. to sort out to organise /
3. With its honeyed stones and half-timbered d'Eymet (§ 3),
square, its pub, cricket club, tea rooms and Epic- selon l'article, on trouve des digestive
erie anglaise – digestive biscuits, Oxford mar- biscuits, Oxford marmalade, lime
malade, lime cordial and salt’n’vinegar crisps cordial et salt’n’vinegar crisps.
– Eymet is the most English corner of a >>> On y trouve aussi d'autres spécialités
sliced bread pain de mie en tranches
hot cross buns brioches aux fruits secs
scones sorte de petits pains/gâteaux
to get, got, got in here, to move in / to qualify for to
satisfy the criteria for / residency legal permission to live au lait que l'on mange avec de la
in a country / the clock is ticking time is limited / strawberry jam, confiture de fraises et
deadline point in time when sth must be done. de la clotted cream, sorte de crème
3. longtime for a long time / honeyed colour of honey, fraîche épaisse
golden / half-timbered style of buildings partially built in custard de la crème anglaise pour
wood / square large open public area / digestive biscuit accompagner l’apple crumble,
English tea biscuit / lime cordial lime syrup to add to crumble aux pommes.
drinks / salt’n’vinegar crisps potato crisps or chips with
salt and vinegar flavouring /

VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 13

 Société Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile

>>> region whose rolling hills and reliable, but not too March, British nationals looking to settle abroad, some kind of minimum income requirement?”
unbearable, sun have long been popular with Brits.  and EU citizens thinking of coming to Britain, He was angry, too, that the couple’s plans to stay
should now have a little longer, until December a few years in France and then go somewhere
4. About 400 of this bastide town’s 2,600 inhabit- 2020. But few seem willing to take the chance. else in the EU, perhaps to Spain or Portugal,
ants are UK nationals – and even as older residents “Things haven’t exactly gone the way the govern- appeared stymied. 
grow increasingly worried about their post- ment said they would so far; I don’t see why
Brexit retirement, an unexpected pre-Brexit boom anyone would think they will now,” said Lisa 10. Older Britons’ most serious concerns, Tim-
is under way, of often younger Britons keen to Reynolds, a freelance illustrator from Birming- mins said, were for the ever-falling value of their
make the move before it could be ham, who had made an offer on a pensions (“people in their 70s are already taking
too late. Simpson, who before the converted barn near Monpazier, pin-money jobs, gardening, cleaning, to top up
referendum was scathing about 40 minutes east of Eymet.  their income”), and that the UK may one day no
the “sheer absurdity, the absolute About 400 of longer cover the healthcare costs of its pension-
idiocy” of it all, said she stillfelt this bastide 7. She is hoping to move in over ers abroad who paid British social security.
“mortified ... even bereaved”. But, town’s 2,600 the summer, in time for her eldest “Private healthcare in France would leave some
from a professional standpoint, she to start primary school. “It does penniless,” he said. 
added: “We opened a new branch inhabitants feel like the pressure’s on,” Reyn-
in Bergerac last month. In its first are UK olds said. “Yes, there’s massive THE YOUNGER RESIDENTS
weekend, it sold three homes. We nationals. uncertainty. But we’ve been com- 11. Younger residents, many running thriving
really can’t complain.” ing here, talking about this, for businesses, see fewer problems. “I’m registered,
ages. Brexit makes me so angry, in the system, paying French tax and social se-
NOW OR NEVER but it’s forced us to take the curity, an established business with plenty of
5. It’s almost as if, said Tom Campbell, “every Brit plunge. In a way, I’m quite grateful.”  work,” said Adrian Kewell, a self-employed
who’s ever dreamed of living on the continent electrician who came to work on one job in 2007
but done nothing about it has woken up and OLDER BRITONS’ CONCERNS and never quite left. “I’m really happy here.” At
thought: ‘If I don’t do it now, it’s never going to 8. But while some scramble to make the move, Eymet’s weekly market, a clutch of British stall-
happen. Or at least, it’ll be a hell of a lot harder.’” many of those who already have are fretting and holders were similarly unfazed. “It’s a bit ‘Brexit,
House-hunting near Bergerac with his partner, quietly furious. Peter Timmins took early retire- what Brexit?’” said Karen Clinton, whose Secret
Ella, Campbell – an internet security specialist ment from the bank he worked for in Cheshire Curry Club sells from half a dozen local markets. 
from Sussex who works remotely – said the aim and moved to a hamlet outside Eymet in 2014.
was “to be out of Brexit Britain, registered in “People really are very, very worried,” he said. “If 12. Newcomers said Brexit had not dented their
France, as EU citizens with a right to reside, by the UK doesn’t get a deal, if it all goes up in dream of a new life in the sun of south-west
29 March next year. That way, we should be OK.”  smoke, we will be the losers. We already feel like France. David and Denise White, from North-
bargaining chips.”  amptonshire, who opened Rose’s Vintage Tea-
6. In practice, assuming the status quo transition rooms in Eymet less than a year ago, came close
period agreed this month comes into effect next 9. Timmins and his wife sold up in Britain and to calling their whole project off the morning
invested all they had in France, but he said he after the referendum. “But then someone said:
had no idea what exactly they would have to do ‘Just do it,’” said David, who had a tiling and
rolling slightly undulating, hilly / hill small mountain / to stay. “Will we just have to fill in a form?” he plastering business. “And we did: bought in De-
reliable dependable / unbearable intolerable (here, asked. “Apply for a carte de séjour? Will there be cember 2016, moved in January, opened in May.
because of high temperatures) / long here, for a long time We’ve been pretty much flat out ever since.” l
/ to be popular with to be very appreciated by / Brit
British, from Great Britain.
4. about approximately, around / bastide town fortified to look to to hope to / to settle to establish oneself /
town / inhabitant resident / national native of a country / abroad in foreign countries / to seem to appear / to be kind sort / income revenue / requirement condition,
even as while at the same time / to grow, grew, grown to willing to to be prepared to / to take, took, taken the criteria / plan project, programme, here, expectation / to
become / increasingly more and more / retirement end of chance to take the risk / so far up to now / freelance appear to seem / to stymie to block, obstruct.
one’s professional life / unexpected unforeseen, independent / converted modified / barn farm building for
unanticipated / to be under way to be in progress / Briton 10. ever-falling which never seems to stop going down /
storing produce or housing animals. pension money paid regularly by the government to a person
person from Great Britain / to be keen to to want very much
7. to move in to arrive, set up / over during the course of / no longer working due to age / in their 70s aged from 70 to 79
to / to make, made, made the move to make a decision to
in time before it is too late / eldest oldest / the pressure’s / to take, took, taken to accept / pin-money pocket money
do sth (here, move to France) / to scathe to criticise
on here, time is limited / uncertainty incertitude / for ages / to top up to add to / to cover here, to pay for / healthcare
vehemently / sheer abolute / bereaved in mourning,
for a long time, for years / to make, made, made here, to medical coverage / penniless poor, with no money.
grief-stricken / standpoint point of view / branch here,
cause sb to be... / to take, took, taken the plunge to dive 11. to run, ran, run to direct, manage / thriving
local office / to complain to express dissatisfaction.
into the water, also to throw oneself into a venture / quite prosperous, flourishing / plenty of lots of / self-
5. almost nearly, virtually / ever here, one day / to wake, rather, very / grateful thankful.
waked or woke, waked or woken up here to become employed independent / clutch here, a small group /
8. concern preoccupation, worry / while at the same time stallholder person selling on a market stand / unfazed
conscious of a fact / it’s never going to happen here, I will
as / to scramble to rush to do sth, be in a hurry to do sth / completely unperturbed / half a dozen six.
never be able to do it / at least as a minimum / a hell of a lot
to fret to worry, be anxious / early before the ususual age 12. to dent to damage / to come, came, come close to
much / to house-hunt to search for a house (to buy) /
/ hamlet small village / to go, went, gone up in smoke to have nearly / to call sth off to abandon, let go / whole
remotely operating from a distance / aim goal, objective / to
to disappear, be destroyed, ruined / bargaining chip entire / tiling profession of covering a surface with tiles
register to put on an official list, sign up, here, to become a
money in exchange, to trade, here, (fig.) leverage. (tile thin, flat piece of hard material used to cover floors,
resident / citizen member of a state / that way in this manner.
9. wife spouse / to sell, sold, sold up to sell everything / walls) / plastering profession of covering walls with
6. assuming... provided, supposing / to come, came,
to fill in to complete / form document / to apply for to plaster / pretty much mostly, practically / to be flat out
come into effect to become law /
make a formal request for / to work to maximum capacity / ever since since then.

14 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
Société I Religion I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1

Mediation is part of the service at the New York Buddhist Church. (James Estrin/The New York Times)
THE ECONOMIST

BUDDHISM’S POPULARITY
IN THE UNITED STATES
America's Buddhism boom
Separation of church and state is sacrosanct in the United States. It is established in the first amendment of the Constitution,
resulting in an environment for a multitude of religions to coexist. The majority of Americans are Protestant, but a wide range of
other religions are practised, including one which, although very small in size, since the millennium, seems to be increasing…

C hris Nyambura was raised Catholic

but over the past six months he has
started calling himself Buddhist. Aged 23,
he is a graduate student in chemical engi-
neering. Like many of his generation, espe-
cially on the American West Coast, he ap-
prec iates t he empha si s on ment a l
development and self-help in the spiritual
practice he has chosen.  niques like visualisation and chanting as
2. He belongs to a group of people who turn
up every Sunday evening for guided medi-
1. to be raised Catholic to be brought up as a Catholic, to
grow up in a Catholic culture / graduate student student
who is working on a Master’s degree or PhD / chemical
engineering profession of applying chemistry to industrial
processes / emphasis importance, focus / self-help
personal development.
2. to turn up to come /
tation sessions in a small, brightly lit studio
in downtown Seattle. This is one of 38
centres across the United States (and 679
around the world) affiliated to the Diamond
Way movement, which has popularised a
modern form of Tibetan Buddhist practice,
that emphasises the practical over the ar-
cane. Their teacher coaches them in tech-
well as explaining some basics of the reli-
gion to any newcomers.  former thoughts, actions bring you to your
brightly lit here, full of light, well-illuminated /
downtown central part of a city / to emphasise to insist
upon the importance of / arcane esoteric / chanting
reciting using repetition, rhythmical patterns and musical
intonation / newcomer new person, beginner.
MULTIPLE BENEFITS
3. Mr Nyambura eagerly lists the ways in
which, he feels, this practice benefits him.
First, training the mental faculties. “A lot of
people take refuge in relationships, food,
material things. Part of Buddhism is trying
to teach me how do I take refuge in my own
mind.” Second, a sharper sense of cause,
effect and accountability. “One of the things
when we meditate is remembering how
present state and what you do now will
ultimately shape your future.” Third, learn-
ing to live in the moment.  >>>
3. eagerly enthusiastically / to train to prepare oneself
physically/mentally / sharp developed, distinct, intellectually
alert / sense impression, understanding / accountability
responsibility (for one’s actions) / ultimately eventually, in
the end / to shape to form, here, to influence, to define.

VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 15

 Société I Religion I
NIVEAU AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
Elaine Konopka is a former Buddhist nun. On the Advanced recording, she
shares her experiences with us, talking frankly about the practice of Zen
Buddhism. It's "enlightening"!
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)
>>> 4. Buddhism in the United States may be a
large and prolix phenomenon, ranging from
ethnically defined groups which foster com-
munity and ritual to the more individualistic
approach epitomised by those Seattle classes.
But almost everybody who studies the sub-
ject agrees that the religion is growing. Pew,
an independent research body based in
Washington, DC, reckons that by 2020 the
number of American Buddhists may have
risen to at least 4.2 million from 3.6 million
in 2010. It is also growing in public esteem;
last year, when Pew surveyed the feelings of
Americans towards various religious groups,
the youngest cohort of respondents (aged
18-29) gave top marks to Buddhism.
CHINESE AND JAPANESE
IMMIGRATION
5. Today you can find in the United States
outposts of virtually every form of Bud-
dhism practised in Asia, says Scott A.
Mitchell of the Institute of Buddhist Stud-
4. prolix which is spoken/written about at excessive
length / to range from... to to vary from... to / to foster
to encourage, to promote / to epitomise to represent /
research body research centre / to reckon to estimate /
to survey to conduct a statistical study on / respondent
person questioned / top mark best mark.
5. outpost branch / virtually almost, practically /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"Not all the Americans
who call themselves
Buddhist really know
about these precepts,
let alone practise
them" (§ 6)
let alone  encore moins
D'autres exemples :
he can't read, let alone write il ne
sait pas lire, encore moins écrire
he can't afford food, let alone
clothes il n'a pas de quoi s'acheter de
la nourriture, encore moins des
vêtements
16 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1 Une suggestion ? écrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
ies in California. The faith’s first significant
presence on American soil came with Chi-
nese immigrants in the mid-19th century;
newcomers from Japan arrived a few dec-
ades later. Over time, non-Asians were
drawn in. After 1945, a Japanese movement
known as Soka Gakkai International, fa-
vouring chants rather than meditation,
gained followers in the United States, in-
cluding African-Americans and Latinos.
(This cuts across a stereotype which holds
that most converts to Buddhism are lib-
eral whites.)  religious group.
FUZZY BOUNDARIES
6. At its liberal edge, the boundaries of the
religion, as practised in America, can be very
fuzzy. For example, most Buddhists would
agree that their faith’s core axioms include
five moral precepts: don’t harm living
things, don’t take what is not given, don’t
engage in sexual misconduct, lie or consume
intoxicants. But not all the Americans who
call themselves Buddhist really know about
these precepts, let alone practise them.  scene, prompting followers to cohere and
7. Then there is the fact that
American culture, includ-
ing corporate culture, has American
cherry-picked aspects of culture [...] has
Buddhist life, such as the
practice of mindfulness. Big cherry-picked
corporations may employ aspects of
full-time coaches on medi-
tation which draw on Bud-
Buddhist life.
dhist techniques. But that
does not make the users of
these practices into followers of Buddhism.  effect on the vulnerable of the current ad-
faith religion / to draw, drew, drawn in to attract / to
favour to prefer / follower disciple, member / to cut,
cut, cut across to be contrary to, to contradict / to hold,
held, held to believe, to assume / convert person who
changes from one religion to another.
6. fuzzy unclear, indistinct / boundary limits, here, rules /
liberal edge here, most progressive side / core central,
principal / to harm to cause damage or injury to / sexual
misconduct immoral sexual behaviour / intoxicant
stimulant such as alcohol or drugs / let alone even less so.
7. corporate large company / to cherry-pick to select /
mindfulness practice of being aware of one’s thoughts
and emotions to create a feeling of calm / to draw, drew,
drawn on to use as a source of inspiration.
Religion in the
United States
According to a 2017 study, approximately
69% of Americans identify as Christians.
45% of these are Protestant and 20%
Catholic. Other non-Christian religions
make up about 7% of the population. 20
to 25% of Americans claim no religious
affiliation. Nearly one in three Americans
under 35 do not identify with any formal
according to as stated/reported by / to identify
as to declare oneself to be / to make, made,
made up to represent, constitute / in out of /
formal official.
SOCIAL JUSTICE
8. In Mr Mitchell’s view, issues of politics
and social justice are becoming a focal point
for the large and disconnected Buddhist
connect more often. “There
is definitely a sense of,
what I should do as a Bud-
dhist about this or that is-
sue,” he says. There have
been Buddhist initiatives
in favour of the environ-
ment and against racism.
Last year, a dozen or so
prominent American Bud-
dhist leaders signed a state-
ment protesting over the
ministration’s policies; scores of others
added their names. The authors explained
that although Buddhism can take many
different forms, “our commitment is to ease
the suffering of all living things…” What-
ever the merits of learning to meditate in a
Seattle studio, that is not where the religion
will stop. l
8. focal central point, main area of interest / scene here,
community / to prompt to incite / to cohere to unite /
definitely without doubt / prominent important,
well-known / administration government / scores of
many, a multitude of (score twenty) / commitment
promise, responsibility / to ease to reduce.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 www.vocable.fr

PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…

AUGUSTIN HABRAN

La presse écrite
À l’heure des fake news et de la diffusion numérique, la
presse écrite s’efforce de conserver sa place dans la
société et, surtout, de faire valoir sa qualité de contre-
pouvoir objectif et informé. Adeptes du journal, cette
page est faite pour vous !

Vocabulaire clé

(ISTOCK)
ad publicité libel diffamation
ad insert encart publicitaire match proof épreuve
article article monthly mensuel Retrouvez cette fiche de vocabulaire lue sur le
bi-monthly bimensuel newspaper journal CD lecture et son commentaire sur la partie
censor censurer pagination pagination basique du CD conversation.
circulation diffusion print imprimer CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
classified ads petites print press presse écrite
annonces publish publier
copy exemplaire
cost per thousand coût au
readership lectorat
reel bobine
Expressions à retenir
mille reveal révéler
cover couverture This is the most read newspaper in the country. C’est
rotary press rotative
daily quotidien le journal le plus lu dans le pays.
satirical satirique
disclosure révélation scandal scandale It’ll make the headlines! Ça va faire les gros titres !
editor-in-chief rédacteur en second cover deuxième de Millions of copies are sold every day. Des millions
chef couverture d’exemplaires sont vendus chaque jour.
editorial content contenu sidebar, insert encart
rédactionnel
This newspaper is said to be reliable. On dit de ce
slander calomnie journal qu’il est fiable.
fourth cover quatrième de soft binding brochage
couverture The press has been accused lately of focusing more
space buying achat d’espace on scandal than on information. La presse a été
headings titrailles
special edition édition récemment accusée de se concentrer davantage sur le
headlines gros titres spéciale
house style charte graphique scandale que sur l’information.
tabloid, scandal sheet (US)
ink encre journal à sensation The press represents a major counter-power. La
journalist journaliste third cover troisième de presse représente un contre-pouvoir majeur.
lead news histoire à la une couverture
letters to the editor courrier title corner manchette
des lecteurs weekly hebdomadaire
Testez-vous
Associez chaque mot de la première liste
Bon à savoir avec un mot de la seconde :
Au Royaume-Uni, on surnomme la presse écrite Fleet Street. Cela tient
1- front page a- caricature
au fait que les principaux organes de presse sont situés dans cette célèbre 2- tabloid b- content
rue de Londres. 3- ad c- insert
Dans les pays anglo-saxons, on fera la différence entre les quality papers 4- editor-in-chief d- scandal
(littéralement « journaux de qualité »), considérés comme sérieux et 5- match proof e- headlines
fiables, tel que The Guardian au Royaume-Uni, et les tabloids, les
journaux à scandale comme The Sun, réputé pour ses couvertures qui 6- satirical f- modifications
représentaient souvent des jeunes femmes dénudées. De manière
générale, les tabloïds se vendent plus que les quality papers. SOLUTIONS : 1-e ; 2-d ; 3-c ; 4-b ; 5-f ; 6-a.

VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 17

PRATIC’ABLE  / Grammaire

JOAN GREENWOOD

“to go” et “to get”

Piqûre de rappel
1 Remplissez les blancs avec “go” ou “get”
“get” est utilisé lorsque l’action implique
une certaine difficulté ou demande un 1. You look dreadful. You ought to ---------- and see a doctor.
effort physique ou mental, 2. I probably won’t be able to ---------- an appointment today.
contrairement à “go” qui s’emploie pour 3. It took us 2 hours to ---------- to the airport, the traffic was
des actions ne nécessitant pas d’effort practically at a standstill.
particulier. 4. W  e usually ---------- on the bus when we visit my aunt in
Manchester.
Exemples :
5. Y  ou can ---------- on the bus in Town Square and ---------- off at
The door is open, please go in and take a Minchin Street.
seat. 6. Young people find it difficult to ---------- jobs these days.
The door was locked so we got in through 7. It’s not easy to ---------- to know people when you first arrive in a
the window. new place.
8. They helped him ---------- elected.
We had to wait 3 hours before getting on the
9. I think you ought to ---------- and ---------- him out of trouble.
plane.
10. How did your exam ---------- ? Do you think you have passed?
I don’t get what you mean.
SOLUTIONS : 1. go 2. get 3. get 4. go 5. get/get 6. get 7.get 8. get 9. go/get 10. go

2 Complétez ces phrases avec des Le dessin d'Yves Cotten

“phrasal verbs” (verbes à particule)
composés de “get” + particule.
Pour chaque phrase, réfléchissez à la difficulté de
l’action pour comprendre pourquoi on utilise
“get”.
1. I phoned you several times but I couldn’t
------ ----------.
2. The wind is ------------ ------. I think we’re going
to have a storm.
3. I’m longing to ----- ---------- for a few days.
It’s been hectic at the office recently.
4. T
 hey had difficulty ------------ the bill
------------ Parliament.
5. L et’s ----- -------------- to discuss what
we’re going to do.
6. I can’t ----- ----------- to telling him. He’ll
be furious.

5.get together 6.get round

Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr

SOLUTIONS : 1.get through 2.getting up 3.get away 4.getting through

18 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018

 / Prononciation & Orthographe Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Soignez votre orthographe !

Le saviez-vous ?
1 Complétez les mots ci-dessous avec -tion, -sion, -ssion, -cian
ou -tian. juggernaut
Certains mots peuvent également se terminer en –ction ou bien -xion. Un juggernaut est un gros
poids lourd, un mastodonte.
accommoda------ comprehen------ confe------ beauti------
On parle aussi de the
Mar------ infle------ transi------ profu-------
media/military juggernaut
permi------ statisti------ refle------ Dalma------ le pouvoir écrasant des
médias ou de l’armée ou bien
the juggernaut of tradition/
profusion, permission, statistician, reflection/reflexion, Dalmatian
SOLUTIONS : accommodation, comprehension, confession, beautician, Martian, inflection/inflexion, transition,

religion l’influence écrasante

de la tradition ou de la
2 Tendez l’oreille religion.
Savez-vous prononcer les noms propres ?
Le mot, dérivé du nom
1. The woman’s name Jean rhymes with ...
sanskrit Jagannâtha, fait
 been  van  earn  gin
référence à une procession
2. W
 hich word contains the same vowel sound as the first syllable of hindoue au cours de laquelle,
Geoffrey? selon la légende, le char
 people  off  neon  left écrasait tout sur son chemin
3. A word which rhymes with Brian is ... y compris les adorateurs qui
 mine  drain  neon  lion se jetaient volontairement
4. T
 he vowel sound in Jane is like the one in ... sous ses roues.
 pan  brain  swan  dawn Le mot a depuis pris le sens

5. Which word contains the same sound as the first “e” in Eve? de force destructrice
 dreamt  dream  live  elephant irrésistible.

6. The sound at the end of Hugh is also the sound at the end of ... (Voir l’article page 26 § 4,

 rough  fugue  mug  few The Simpsons: TV’s longest-

running sitcom)
7. The sound at the end of Arthur can also be found at the end of ...
 deter  procure  banana  poor
8. The word that rhymes most closely with Ruth is ...
 root  rut  soothe  truth
sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !
SOLUTIONS : 1. been 2. left 3. lion 4. brain 5. dream 6. few 7. banana 8. truth

VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 19

PRATIC’ABLE  / Vocabulaire www.vocable.fr

Jeux de mots
A retenir
1 D
 ans cet exercice, chaque mot contient le même son que la 5 mots à mémoriser
voyelle de “night”.
2 3 dans ce numéro
1             7 apparel, clothing, garments
      vêtements
9   5     ripped jeans des jeans
4             6           déchirés
      14   sweater pull-over
  11   8          
10              
L'expression idiomatique
  12          
    Dans l’article sur Trump et
13           Macron (page 23) on parle de
7. A
 negation or refusal of what someone
  says. lame duck leaders
8. Normally each person has the right to a
1. W
 hen does your ................ get into Los ............ by jury before being put into prison. (voir Sur le Bout de la Langue
Angeles airport? 9. I was making lunch .............. she was page 24 ).
2. I’m feeling ................ . What about you? reading a book in the living room.
3. T he ................ of that tree is about 10. Someone who doesn’t tell the truth. Voici d’autres expressions où on
10 meters. 11. W
 hen two words sound alike, they parle d’oiseaux :
4. What you do with a pen. .............. .
5. I f you do something two times, you do 12. To conceal something. He sent me on a wild goose
it ............... . 13. T o go up a mountain, a ladder or a tree. chase il m’a fait courir partout
6. H e’s so tall, he’s like a ................. . 14. T he main food of China and India. pour rien (goose oie)
12. hide 13. climb 14. rice
He’s a real night owl c’est un
SOLUTIONS : 1. flight 2. fine 3. height 4. write 5. twice 6. giant 7. denial 8. trial 9. while 10. liar 11. rhyme
vrai couche-tard (owl hibou,
chouette)
2 Food expressions To get up with the lark se lever
Complétez les phrases avec les mots proposés. au chant du coq (lark alouette)
apple bacon beans cake cheese cucumber fruitcake milk nutshell To sing like a nightingale
1. H
 e loves his daughter. She’s the ............... of his eye. chanter comme un rossignol.
2. He is a very important person, a really big ............... .
Don’t count your chickens
3. She brings home the ............... . Her husband doesn’t work.
before they’re hatched il ne
4. N
 othing makes her mad. She’s always as cool as a ............... .
faut pas vendre la peau de l’ours
5. What’s done is done. It’s no use crying over spilt ............... .
avant de l’avoir tué (to hatch
6. Y
 ou can’t eat your ............... and have it too.
éclore, chickens poussins)
7. He’s a happy, energetic person. He’s full of ............... .
8. I’ll be brief. In a ..............., I believe we can do it.
9. S
 he’s really crazy. She’s as nutty as a ............... .
10. T
 ake what he says with a grain of ............... . He’s not being serious. sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
SOLUTIONS : 1. apple 2. cheese 3. bacon 4. cucumber 5. milk 6. cake 7. beans 8. nutshell 9. fruitcake 10. salt grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !

Ne manquez pas dans le prochain numéro la nouvelle page PRATIC’ABLE : Coupe du monde

20 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018

Enjeux I Economie I ETATS-UNIS I  C2

LOS ANGELES TIMES ELIZABETH L. CLINE

STILL NO BRAKES ON
FAST FASHION
Fast fashion shows no signs of slowdown (to brake to stop, to go slower)
The giant ready-to-wear chain H&M, with outlets in sixty different countries, is the second biggest clothing empire worldwide.
However, they have recently announced record levels of unsold items valued at 4.3 billion dollars for the first quarter of this year.
Does this mark the beginning of the end of the H&M brand? What are the new labels challenging their position?

F ast fashion giant H&M has lost its

luster. Its stock price dropped more
than 40 percent in the last six months. It
will close 170 stores this year, more than it
has in two decades. It suffered a string of
PR missteps, including launching an ad
campaign viewed as racist and getting
caught incinerating tons of leftover goods.
Then the news broke that the company is
sitting on a staggering $4.3 billion in unsold
apparel. 

2. The Internet is flooded with schaden-

freude over H&M’s woes, and proponents
of a more sustainable fashion industry are
projecting victory into the chain’s decline.
But do H&M’s troubles reflect the fact that
shoppers are buying fewer pre-ripped jeans
or jumping ship for more ethical and sus-
tainable clothing brands? Hardly. The chain

1. fast fashion constant turnover in the design, creation

and marketing of clothes at a low cost / luster (US) =
lustre (GB) radiance, brilliance, (to lose one’s luster to
no longer be as good as one originally was) / stock price
price of shares / to drop to go down, to fall / decade A H&M store in Nice, France. (SIPA)
period of ten years / to suffer to experience, to go through
/ a string of series of / PR = Public Relations / misstep is becoming irrelevant because warp-speed, Another universe of smaller trendy brands
mistake / ad campaign publicity campaign / to view to low-priced clothing is now ubiquitous and and wholesalers revolves around eBay and
consider / to get, got, got caught to be found in the sales have moved online. H&M, the found- Instagram, and young shoppers know how
process of doing sth wrong / leftover surplus, here, unsold
/ to break, broke, broken to make public / to sit, sat,
er of fast fashion, is now too slow.  to find them. Then there’s Amazon.com,
sat on to be in the possession of / staggering which, having already rewritten the e-
astonishing, enormous / billion = billion thousand million ONLINE COMPETITION commerce rules on price and speed, will
/ apparel clothes.
3. Cheap fashion lovers are instead buying become America’s largest clothing retailer,
2. to flood to inundate, to submerge / schadenfreude
pleasure derived from the troubles of others / woe
from digitally savvy, 21st-century-born surpassing Macy’s.  >>>
difficulties, troubles, problems / proponent supporter / chains like Boohoo, Missguided, and Asos.
sustainable ecological, durable / to project to predict /
to reflect to show, to be a consequence of / pre-ripped
jeans jeans with decorative holes and tears / to jump irrelevant unimportant, here, out of fashion / warp- trendy fashionable / wholesaler place which sells goods
ship to leave one organisation and join a rival organisation speed extremely fast / ubiquitous omnipresent, found in large quantities to merchants to be sold direct to
/ hardly not exactly / everywhere / founder person who created an customers / to revolve around to center on / to rewrite,
organisation, pioneer. wrote, written the rules to change the way sth is done /
3. lover fan / digitally savvy online expert / retailer business which sells products to the public, shop.

VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 21

 Enjeux I Economie I ETATS-UNIS
>>> 4. Books on minimalism and living on less
keep popping up on national bestseller lists.
Millennials are supposedly a generation of
conscious shoppers. We want to believe that
American consumer culture has turned a
corner and that we are shopping more mod-
estly and responsibly. Yet fast fashion is as
popular as ever.  tions or file bankruptcy last
PEAK OF CLOTHING PURCHASES
5.Clothing purchases dipped during the
Great Recession, but by 2015 U.S. shoppers
had returned to almost pre-recession peak.
That year we bought on average more than
68 garments and eight pairs of shoes — more
than any other nation. (The average price?
Just $19.) Retail industry analysts lament
that this number of purchases isn’t growing,
but perhaps we have nowhere left to stuff
another sweater. Our closets, charity shops
4. to pop up to appear / millennial generation born
between 1980 and the year 2000 / supposedly
apparently / conscious here, responsible / to turn a
corner to change direction and find success after a difficult
period / modestly here, in moderation.
5. to dip to reduce, to decline / Great Recession period of
economic decline in world markets from 2007-2012 / on
average in general, typically / garment article of clothing
/ to lament to deplore, to regret / to stuff to put into a
small space / charity shop shop with volunteers which
sells second-hand clothes/objects to collect money for a
charity /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Ici, hardly (§ 2) se traduit
par pas vraiment ou
certainement pas.
Lorsque "hardly" a le sens de
"barely", on peut le traduire par à
peine :
he can hardly write  il sait à peine
écrire
I can hardly hear you  je vous entends
à peine
ou bien par presque :
hardly anyone knew  presque
personne n'était au courant
you have hardly eaten anything  tu
n'as presque rien mangé
22 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018
I  C2 Une suggestion ? écrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Stella McCartney et Ellen MacArthur militent pour une industrie
de la mode écoresponsable. Découvrez le reportage vidéo
et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
and landfills are overflowing with last
season’s fads.  climate change. In 2015, greenhouse gas
6. Meanwhile, a record number of apparel
retailers — such as Macy’s, J.C. Penney and
teen brands Aeropostale and The Limited
— were forced to close loca-
year. These older chains We’re
have been battered by the increasingly
decline of malls and the rise willing to
of online shopping, to be disregard the
sure. But they also represent
a dying mid-market. There’s quality of an
no longer a place for a re- article of
tailer trying to sell a reason- clothing if we’re
able amount of clothes at getting a deal.
healthy margins.  Penn State’s Center for Global
OFF-PRICE SHOPPING
7. Fast fashion continues to warp our shop-
ping culture too. We’re increasingly willing
to disregard the quality of an article of
clothing if we’re getting a deal. According
to research firm NPD, two-thirds of con-
sumers shop at off-price outlets. While the
rest of retail suffers, brands like T.J. Maxx,
Ross and Marshalls have grown. (H&M’s
response to these market dynamics is to
launch an even cheaper off-price brand.)  brick-and-mortar empire made their efforts
8.Overconsumption of cheap clothes has
devastating effects on the global environ-
ment and millions of workers in the supply
chain, effects that are only intensifying. The
landfill large hole in the ground where waste is deposited
/ to overflow to be full beyond capacity / fad temporary
fashion, trend.
6. location here, store, shop / bankruptcy financial ruin,
insolvency / to batter to hit heavily / mall shopping
centre / rise increase, development / to be sure without a
doubt / mid-market middle-range market / no longer
not any more / amount quantity / healthy margin
reasonable profit.
7. to warp to pervert / increasingly more and more /
willing to prepared/ready to / to disregard to ignore, to
not to take into account / if as long as / deal bargain /
research firm consultancy which does marketing research
/ off-price low-price / outlet shop / response answer,
reaction.
8. overconsumption action of consuming sth to excess /
devastating destructive, catastrophic / global
worldwide / supply chain channel of distribution from the
extraction of raw materials to the finished product /
fashion industry is now a leading driver of
emissions from global textile production
outstripped those of all international flights.
And clothing waste generated in the United
States has doubled in 15 years. 
In Bangladesh, five years
9.
after the notorious factory col-
lapse that killed 1,130 people,
new research shows that in
many ways things have gotten
worse for garment workers
too. While safety is improving,
real wages are in decline and
forced overtime is on the rise
according to the report by
Workers’ Rights. Factories are
under increasing pressure by brands to speed
up production and lower prices. 
HIDING
10. Though H&M is still synonymous with
fast fashion, it is actually among the least
bad of the major fashion companies. It nears
the top of most rankings on worker rights
and sustainability issues. One advantage
for activists has been that H&M’s huge
to hold it accountable on labor and environ-
mental issues highly visible. As fast fashion
moves online, bad actors will become hard-
er to pin down and bad behavior more hid-
den from view. l
leading driver main force, principal factor / greenhouse
gas gas which contributes to the rise in the Earth’s
atmospheric temperature / to outstrip to surpass, to
exceed / waste unwanted/unused/unsold clothes / to
generate to produce, to create.
9. notorious infamous / collapse act of suddenly falling
down / research (inv.) study / to get, got, got worse to
exacerbate, to deteriorate / safety security / to improve
to get better / wage salary / overtime work done in
addition to regular working hours / on the rise increasing,
becoming more frequent / to be under to be subject to.
10. actually in reality, in fact / major main / to near to be
close to / ranking classification / worker rights working
conditions / sustainability issues environmental
concerns / activist militant / brick-and-mortar
conventional shop (here, physical presence as opposed to
virtual internet services) / to hold, held, held
accountable to make responsible, to force to be
transparent / bad actor troublemaker, here, unethical
business / to pin down to attribute a crime to sb / hidden
from view kept secret, concealed.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
Enjeux I Politique I ETATS-UNIS
THE INDEPENDENT
TRUMP AND MACRON'S
RELATIONSHIP
Trump and Macron... hand in hand
The state visit of Emmanuel Macron in Washington D.C. in April received a high level of coverage in the international press. If this
operation of seduction led by the French president did not have its desired effect with regard to the Iran deal, at least the two
leaders appeared to be very friendly during the visit. British newspaper The Independent wonders if it will be the same when
Donald Trump visits Theresa May in July.
V iewed from a purely British perspec-
tive, the strange rapport between
Emmanuel Macron and Donald Trump is, by
turns, bewildering, annoying and sobering.
After all, few geopolitical relationships – with
the glaring exception of the putative Trump-Kim
Jong-un bromance – could be as unlikely as that
being forged by the French and American pres-
idents. Where Mr Trump is notoriously brittle
and Twitter-trigger happy, Mr Macron is charm-
ing, cool and focused. Where Mr Trump is yet
1. perspective point of view, angle / by turns alternately /
bewildering confusing, perplexing / sobering which
makes one think about serious matters / glaring obvious /
putative supposed / bromance = brother + romance
(very close non-sexual relationship between two men) /
unlikely improbable / to forge to create, to establish /
where while / notoriously infamously, well-known (for
being sth negative) / brittle fragile, here, unstable /
Twitter-trigger happy inclined to vehemently react on
Twitter without thinking about the consequences / cool
calm / focused concentrated, clear about one’s objectives /
I  B2-C1
Donald Trump and Emmanuel Macron offer a toast during a State Dinner at the
White House, April 2018. (Tom Brenner/The New York Times)
to show much aptitude for foreign languages,
Mr Macron abandons the usual French linguis-
tic chauvinism for political advantage. 
2. Mr Macron happily tells his American audi-
ence, and the rest of the world, in softly ac-
cented English, about his high hopes and
noble ambitions for his state visit, the first
such honour accorded to a foreign leader by
the Trump White House. Where Mr Trump
is famously protectionist, nationalistic and
sceptical about climate change and European
...is yet to show ...has still not shown / aptitude skill,
ability, talent / to abandon here, to not use / ...for
political advantage ...for political reasons.
2. audience viewers, public / ...in soflty accented ...with
a slight accent / state visit official visit / leader head of
state / Trump White House here, Trump administration /
famously well-known for being... / climate change
global warming /
unity, Mr Macron is the very antithesis. They
say opposites attract, but this is getting ri-
diculous. 
PUTTING DIFFERENCES ASIDE
3. The key to Mr Macron’s success is a simple
one. He leaves the political baggage at home in
the Élysée. Like Tony Blair before him, who
found himself having to get chummy with the
neo-con George W Bush, Mr Macron plainly
believes that it is in France’s national interest
to put ideological differences aside, and con-
centrate on winning influence with the most
powerful military power on earth, and its >>>
very antithesis exact opposite / opposites attract
(exp.) used to say that people who are very different are
often attracted to each other.
3. chummy very friendly / neo-con neoconservative /
plainly clearly, obviously / to put, put, put (sth) aside
to temporarily forget about sth in order to concentrate on
sth else / on earth in the world /
VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 23
 Enjeux I Politique I ETATS-UNIS
>>> largest economy. The Americans elected Mr
Trump, so Mr Macron deals with Mr Trump.  Trump’s visit to the United Kingdom
4. What’s more, like Mr Blair, Mr Macron has a
facility for words and is supple and quick-witted
in debate. He is, in other words, another consum-
mate politician, in painful contrast to the per-
petually on-edge Theresa May, now so weak that
she cannot honour her earlier invitation of a state
visit to London for the American president –
thus, as ever, securing the worst of all worlds.   stay visit / Chequers official country residence of the British Prime Minister / to schedule to plan, programme /
NEW ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE
UNITED STATES
5. Mr Macron’s achievement cannot be over-
stated, at least so far. While Germany and
Britain are being marginalised because of weak
governments, lame-duck leaders and, in May’s
case, Brexit, France is filling the vacuum. That
was not inevitable, however, even allowing for
to deal, dealt, dealt with to discuss with.
4. what’s more in addition to this / facility aptitude /
supple flexible, agile, adroit / quick-witted alert, astute /
in other words to formulate it another way /
consummate accomplished / painful embarrassing /
on-edge ill-at-ease, nervous / to secure to obtain / the
worst of all worlds situation with the problems and
disadvantages of two different things without any of the
advantages.
5. achievement success, accomplishment / overstated
exaggerated / so far until now / to marginalise (GB) =
marginalize (US) to push to one side and treat as if not
important / lame duck (fig.) weak politician with little
power because they cannot/will not be reelected / to fill
the vacuum to provide sth that is missing/needed /
allowing for taking into account /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"lame-duck leaders" (§ 5)
lame duck canard boiteux
En politique, a lame-duck est une
personne politique non réélue qui
occupe toujours son poste en
attendant l’entrée en fonction de son
successeur.
"Lame" peut également avoir le sens
de faible comme dans les expressions :
a lame excuse une mauvaise excuse
a lame joke une blague vaseuse
a lame argument un argument
boiteux
24 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018
I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez le reportage humoristique de CNN sur la "Bromance"
entre Trump et Macron, et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
US President Donald Trump will visit the United Kingdom on July 13. During his 24-hour stay, he
will shake hands with Prime Minister Theresa May, meet the Queen and go to Chequers, yet this
“working visit” will not carry the full ceremony of a state occasion. In January 2017, Theresa May
invited the American president on a state visit but it could not be scheduled for several
reasons, one of them reportedly being the fear of bad publicity for the Queen, as she would
play host to a guest on this sort of occasion. Only two US presidents have been to Britain on a
state visit: George W. Bush and Barack Obama. The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, has warned
that Trump could face protests in the capital.
reportedly apparently, supposedly / to play host to to welcome / guest invited person / protest demonstration.
the capricious Mr Trump’s shifting prejudices. itself in a political role long coveted and usually
Successive French leaders, notably Charles de occupied by the British. Mr Macron is crafting
Gaulle, but of all shades of politics since, have his own special bilateral relationship with the
displayed an aloof, envious, almost snobbish White House: France is reasserting herself as a
attitude towards the other side of the Atlantic. permanent member of the United Nations Se-
France has in the past been an unwilling, semi- curity Council; it is a more active and collegiate
detached partner in Nato, for example, while player in Nato; a nuclear power; possessor of a
in the last few decades Paris has also had to large economy at last moving into growth and
concede increasing political leadership in Eu- reform; and, crucially, the undisputed political
rope to Berlin, which pays the bills for the Eu- driver of the European project. 
ropean Union’s enlargements and recurring
financial crises.  8. France has not seen such an international
ascendancy accomplished with such elan for
6. Now the pendulum has swung back deci- many decades. It must pain the British Foreign
sively, helped also by the various crises of Office and Downing Street to reflect on what
confidence and legitimacy seen in Madrid, might have been. As the two presidents, their
Warsaw and Rome. It is a testament to Mr families and their staff members get to know
Macron that he has, as in the domestic sphere, each other better, then, there is much for the
taken risks and seized the unexpected diplo- Macrons in particular to celebrate as they toast
matic and political opportunities presented by their mutual admiration with French and
the arrival of Donald Trump and the simultane- Californian wines. Of course, there is no reason
ous eclipse of Theresa May and Angela Merkel. why things might not turn sour. Mr Macron
has a habit of overstating his influence in DC,
FRANCE AS THE NEW and Mr Trump will always put “America First”.
GREAT BRITAIN President Macron could end up looking very
7. The state visit to Washington of the Macrons foolish. Yet at least he managed to win the
confirms that France, for the first time, finds chance to try to reason with the Americans. l
shifting continuously changing / prejudice 7. to covet to desire strongly / to craft to create with skill
discrimination, intolerance, bias / notably in particular / and talent / to reassert oneself to reaffirm oneself / United
shade colour, nuance, here, variation (in political opinion) / Nations Security Council Conseil de sécurité des Nations
to display to present, to show / aloof arrogant, distant, unies / collegiate collaborative, working together equally
haughty / unwilling reticent, not ready / detached among colleagues / player active participant / possessor
separate, uninterested, uninvolved / NATO = North owner / crucially most importantly / undisputed
Atlantic Treaty Organisation / decade period of ten years / uncontested / driver main force behind sth.
to concede to give over, to surrender / leadership here, 8. to see, saw, seen to experience / ascendancy controlling
authority / enlargement expansion / recurring repeated. influence / to pain (sb) to do (sth) to cause much emotional
6. pendulum long thin bar with a weight which moves distress to sb to do sth / Downing Street London residence of
from side to side to keep a clock working, here, opinion / the Prime Minister (10 Downing Street) / to reflect on to
decisively resolutely / various different, diverse / think about / staff member team of workers / to toast to
confidence trust, faith / legitimacy credibility, authority raise one’s glass and drink to the honour of sb or sth / to turn
/ testament proof / domestic national / to seize to sour to fail, to turn out badly / to end up to find oneself (in the
firmly take / unexpected unforeseen, unanticipated. end) / foolish silly / to manage to be able to, to succeed in.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 ÉchosBrèves de culture
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(Anthony Harvey/Shutters/SIPA)
(Jonas Ekstromer/AP/SIPA)
Royal cast
Netflix has announced the full cast for
season 3 of its series, The Crown. The cast
will be totally new: Olivia Colman will star
as Queen Elizabeth, while Helena Bonham

Literature without a Nobel

Carter will play Princess Margaret and
Tobias Menzies, Prince Philip. The season
should premiere in 2019, but no official date
In the wake of a scandal over sexual assault allegations from last November, the has yet been set.
Swedish Academy has decided to postpone the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature un- cast list of actors and actresses / to star to have the
til next year. French photographer, Jean-Claude Arnault, who runs a project fund- principal role / to premiere to debut, appear for the
first time / to set, set, set to fix, determine, establish.
ed by the Swedish Academy, and who is married to Katarina Frostenson, a mem-
ber of the academy, was accused of sexual assault by eighteen women - allegations
which he denies. The Academy voted against removing his wife and as a result
was accused of conflict of interest, which led to the resignation of eighteen acad-
emy members. The chairman of the Nobel Foundation said, the academy must

(3LH-Fine Art/SUPERSTOCK/SIPA)
now vote in new members and “put all its efforts into the task of restoring its
credibility as a prize-awarding institution”.
in the wake of as a result of, following / assault agression / allegation accusation / to postpone to delay, put off /
to run, ran, run to direct, manage / to fund to finance / to remove to dismiss, oblige to leave office / resignation act
of officially leaving a job or position (here, the academics leave their seats unoccupied) / chairman director, leader / to
restore to re-establish, here, to repair.

Meaningful relationships Translators in

Facebook has announced that it will release a dating
app called “F8”.  According to Mark Zuckerberg, the
conversation
app, which is designed to compete with services like It was recently discovered that a French
Tinder, will be a tool to build “real long-term translator, Isaac Casaubon, helped create the
relationships – not just hookups”. Facebook’s CEO King James Bible, the English holy text first
added, “We want Facebook to be somewhere where published in 1611. Isaac Casaubon was
you can start meaningful relationships. We’ve consulted by the English translators, who
designed this with privacy and safety in mind from the communicated with him in latin, because he
beginning.” Tinder’s executives have expressed their did not speak English. As he was considered
surprise regarding the timing of this announcement. one of the world’s most accomplished scholars
of Greek and Hebrew, he helped them
meaningful relationship serious relationship / to release to
bring out / dating act of going out with sb of romantic interest /
translate some of the Bible’s difficult sections.
app = application / to design to devise, create / to compete translator person who converts written text
to rival, be in a competition with / tool here, means, concept / from one language to another / holy sacred /
hookup (fam.) one night stand / CEO = Chief Executive Officer accomplished experienced, talented, expert /
(Istock)

/ executive director, senior employee. scholar expert, specialist / section part, passage.

VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 25

Culture I Télévision I
THE INDEPENDENT JOE SOMMERLAD
THE SIMPSONS: TV'S
LONGEST-RUNNING SITCOM
The Simpsons - still going strong
(long-running which has continued for a long time / sitcom = situation comedy)
The Simpsons became the longest running series of all time in April, with 29 seasons and 636 episodes to its credit. The animated
satirical TV show, created by Matt Groening thirty years ago, has been at the heart of a variety of highly charged debates as well
as being subjected to criticism these past few years, yet has never lost its audience ratings. How to explain the enthusiasm of
Americans for the Simpson family?
W e’re going to keep trying to
strengthen the American fam-
ily. To make them more like the Waltons and
less like the Simpsons.” President George HW
Bush made this pledge at the 1992 Republican
National Convention in Houston, Texas, while
seeking re-election, a remark the long-running
cartoon’s creators received with glee.  is typical of The Simpsons, which began life as a
2. The Simpsons had already been attacked by
Bush’s wife Barbara, the First Lady dismissing
the show as “the dumbest thing I have ever
seen” in a 1990 interview with People magazine.
In 1996, The Simpsons responded with an episode
entitled “Two Bad Neighbours” in which George
and Barbara Bush moved in across the street
from Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Maggie on
1. to strengthen to make stronger, to improve / The
Waltons La Famille des collines (popular American TV
series about a family in rural Virginia in the period
1933-1946) / pledge promise, commitment / to seek,
sought, sought re-election to stand for re-election, to
campaign to be re-elected / glee joy, pleasure.
2. to dismiss to reject disdainfully, here, to criticize /
dumb stupid / to respond to reply, to react / Two Bad
Neighbours Deux mauvais voisins (Season 7, episode 13) /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
“the dumbest thing I
have ever seen” (§ 2)
Attention ! le "b" ne se prononce
pas, comme pour:
lamb, bomb, comb, plumber,
debt .....
26 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
Evergreen Terrace and became infuriated by
the family’s disruptive antics. 
3. Modelled on the 1959 nuisance neighbour
culture references, it keeps on rolling along: an
apparently unstoppable juggernaut. 
5. But the recent controversy surrounding racial
sitcom Dennis the Menace, the episode superbly stereotyping and the presentation of Kwik-E-
sent up the former president’s outmoded con- Mart proprietor Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, an
servative values. The irreverence of the gesture
to roll along to move
series of short interludes to The Tracey Ullman along smoothly and
Show in 1987 and is now in its 29th season.  rapidly / juggernaut
very large lorry, here,
unstoppable force.
A JUGGERNAUT PAST ITS
5. surrounding here,
GOLDEN AGE about / presentation
4. [Last month, it became] the longest-run- portrayal, representation
ning scripted TV show in history. While / Kwik-E-Mart fictional
chain of supermarkets in
the common consensus is that the pro- the series /
gramme achieved its “golden age” between
seasons three and 13, and thereafter shift-
ed its focus from character development
to throwaway jokes and empty pop
Evergreen Terrace street address of The
Simpsons / to infuriate to exasperate, to
enrage / disruptive troublesome,
disturbing / antics silly behaviour.
3. to be modelled on to take its inspiration
from / nuisance troublesome, irritating,
problematic / Dennis The Menace Denis la
Malice / to send, sent, sent up to make a
parody of / former ex / outmoded
obsolete, out-of-date, old-fashioned /
interlude intermission.
4. scripted written in
advance / to achieve to
reach, to arrive at / to
shift to move, to change /
focus centre of interest,
objective / throwaway
joke one-line joke /
The Simpson has become the longest-running scripted TV show in

Indian immigrant, has unexpectedly brought
the show to a crisis point. Driven by comedian
Hari Kondabolu’s documentary essay The Prob-
lem with Apu, the reassessment of Apu – once
hailed as a rare representation of a South Asian
character on American TV – as a problematic
cliche whose catchphrases have been used to
taunt and bully Asian-American schoolchildren,
finds the show forced to ask itself difficult ques-
tions about its legacy and ongoing influence.  Simpsons’ creators to populate Springfield with
6. Apu, unquestionably a relic of a less sensitive
era and overdue for a revision, is nevertheless
an entirely positive presence in the show, an
industrious small business owner who works
long hours and cherishes the freedoms that
Homer – and, by extension, many other native-
born Americans - so brazenly take for granted.  which he could examine the American experi-
unexpectedly suddenly / crisis point critical situation /
to be driven by to be initiated/led by / comedian comic,
humorist / reassessment revaluation, act of thinking
about sth again / to hail to acclaim / catchphrase
well-known phrase / to taunt to mock, to tease / to bully
to intimidate, to act aggressively towards / legacy sth
handed down or received from an ancestor, sth which is
left for future generations, here, repercussions,
consequences / ongoing continuing.
6. relic vestige / sensitive responsive to the
feelings of others, tactful / era period of
time / overdue here, in need of (for a
long time) / to cherish to appreciate,
to think sth is very important /
brazenly shamelessly, boldly / to
take, took, taken for granted to
no longer appreciate the true value
of sth, to assume as automatic.
n history. (RONALDGRANT/MARY EVANS/SIPA)
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
CHARACTERS BUILT ON
CARICATURES
7. The truth is that most of the show’s charac-
ters are built on caricatures of one sort or an-
other and several are specific racial stereotypes
– or parodies of those types – notably Grounds-
keeper Willie, Bumblebee Man and Luigi the
Italian chef. Using pre-existing stereotypes as
a starting point for character enabled The
broad brush types and therein offer the ulti-
mate microcosm of small-town America.  films like The Graduate (1967), Easy Rider (1969)
8. Creator Matt Groening chose the town’s
name because it was one of the most common
in the country – there are 33 Springfields across
25 states – and used it as a model through
ence in miniature. From corrupt politicians to
ghoulish tycoons, uptight administrators to
jaded schoolteachers, belching bar flys and
“okely dokely” Christians, all humanity is here.  12.  At its best, The Simpsons draws on these
INSPIRATION FROM
REAL PEOPLE
9. In the tradition of Warner Brothers’ Looney
Tunes, several characters – or at least their
voices – are borrowed from real people: Mayor
Quimby channels the hesitant Boston Irish
brogue of JFK, Chief Wiggum the piggy snarl
of Edward G Robinson. That Marge’s maiden
name is “Bouvier”, a nod to Jacqueline Ken-
nedy Onassis, is a particularly lovely detail.  13. The Simpsons has been running for so long
10. Celebrity guest stars are often cast
to give life to characters closely based
on their own personas, memorably
7. specific particular / Groundskeeper Willie
Willie le jardinier / Bumblebee man
L’homme-abeille / to enable to make possible,
to allow / broad brush sweeping,
generalised, oversimplified / therein in
that respect.
8. ghoulish morbid / tycoon
magnate, rich and powerful business
man / uptight rigidly conventional /
jaded tired, bored, blasé / to belch to
burp, to noisily emit air through one’s
mouth / bar fly (fam.) person who
frequently drinks in bars / «okely
dokely» = okey dokey, OK (exp.
popularized by one of the
characters from the series).
9. to borrow to take, to inspire /
to channel to imitate, to use as a
model / brogue Irish accent /
snarl growl / maiden name
woman’s surname before she is
married / nod reference, allusion.
10. to cast, cast, cast to
choose an actor for a role /
persona personality /
Jackie Mason as Krusty the Clown’s disapprov-
ing father Rabbi Krustofsky, Dustin Hoffman
as Lisa’s inspirational substitute teacher Mr
Bergstrom and Michael Jackson (pseudony-
mously) playing a mental patient who believes
he is Michael Jackson. 
11. The town itself stands for all post-war Amer-
ica, mapping out the second half of the 20th
century through the cultural references it in-
vokes and the parodies it executes. Seminal
and Apocalypse Now (1979) and bands like the
Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane and Grand-
funk Railroad are routinely cited to sketch in
Marge and Homer’s hippie youth (and that of
the show’s writers), brilliantly capturing the
spirit of the Sexual Revolution. 
ESTABLISHING A COMMON
LANGUAGE
familiar staples to establish a common lan-
guage with its audience and uses them as a
springboard from which to say something
about the era or issue under discussion, be it
Vietnam, Watergate, industrial decline, pollu-
tion or vegetarianism. The breadth of its refer-
ence points and the wealth of characters the
show has amassed is no doubt a key reason for
its longevity. 
now it’s possible to forget it’s still on. The Apu
affair is a rare foray into the news cycle. Oc-
casionally a decision to kill off a character or
satirise Donald Trump might draw some at-
tention but the show is now largely background
noise, eclipsed by its imitators and no longer
the quotable sensation it once was. But we
should be glad of its great days.   l
substitute teacher replacement teacher.
11. to stand, stood, stood for to represent / to map out
to make a detailed representation of sth / seminal very
important, influential / The Graduate Le Lauréat /
routinely regularly / to sketch in to quickly add sth to a
drawing.
12. at its best at its peak, of the highest quality possible /
to draw, drew, drawn on to use as a source of inspiration
/ staple basic element / audience viewers / springboard
here, starting point / to be under discussion to be the
subject of debate / breadth scope, diversity / wealth
great variety, profusion / to amass to accumulate.
13. to be on to be televised / foray incursion / news cycle
24-hour news reports, here, media, news stories / to draw,
drew, drawn attention to attract attention /
background noise sound that is present but unobtrusive
and largely unnoticed / quotable apt to be repeated and
quoted / glad happy, satisfied.
VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 27
Culture I Musique I CANADA I  C2

THE GUARDIAN BEN BEAUMONT-THOMAS

DRAKE: THE MAKING

OF A SUPERSTAR
The diversity of Drake keeps him at N°1
Last February, the rap artist Drake released his song “God’s Plan”, which has been at
number one in the UK singles charts for two months running. It has also enjoyed record
breaking sales in the US. The Canadian artist is about to bring out an album, having
already managed to conquer the entire planet in only a few short years of his career.

L ots of weird things have happened at

the top of the UK charts [...]. But the fact
that “God’s Plan” by Drake just spent nine
weeks at No 1 in the UK – and is still top of the
charts in the US – is easily one of the weirdest.
It’s a song that features two notes, a chorus that
is just one line long, and lazy lyrical iterations
of oft-visited topics for Drake: how much repu-
tational shine he has given to his home city of
Toronto, how non-specific haters wish non-
specific ill upon him, and how he is pathologi-
cally unable to open himself up emotionally to
a woman he has had sex with.  ily home was in the working-class west side of
2. Yes, it’s catchy, but he has done all this before
with markedly more charisma, not least in 2016’s
“One Dance” – another song that shacked up at
No 1 for weeks on end. We have now reached
the point where even the B-grade solo material
of “God’s Plan” is a shoo-in for No 1. Why?  EMBODYING DIVERSITY
RELATIONSHIPS
3. Drake has, of course, amassed huge star qual-
ity via a decade of often excellent music, but there
are also more prosaic reasons: his gossip-mag
visibility from relationships with Rihanna,
Serena Williams and Jennifer Lopez, and his
1. weird strange, bizarre / charts hit parade / to feature
to have / chorus refrain of a song / line sentence /
oft-visited common, here, which often appear /
reputational shine here, publicity / non-specific no
specific type of... / to wish ill upon sb to want bad things
to happen to sb.
2. catchy with a melody/words which are easy to
remember / markedly noticeably, much / not least
particularly, especially / to shack up here, to stay in one
place / on end consecutive / B-grade low-budget, here,
mediocre / to be a shoo-in for No 1 to be a sure winner, to
be sure to reach N°1.
3. star quality fame, stardom / gossip-mag celebrity
magazine (gossip rumours about people’s private lives) /
swaggering self-confidence in describing himself
as “last name ever, first name greatest” before
his debut album had even come out. Crucially,
his identity and upbringing have also been key. 
4. Aubrey Drake Graham was born in Toronto
in 1986 to Dennis Graham, an African-American
session musician whose power-moustache cur-
rently lights up his vibrant social media feed,
and Sandi Graham, a white Ashkenazi Jewish
teacher. His parents split up when he was five,
his father moving away to Memphis. The fam-
the city, before the Grahams moved to the more
affluent Forest Hill in what Drake has claimed
were still relatively straitened circumstances: “I
went to school with kids that were flying private
jets. I never fit in. I was never accepted.” 
5. If questions around identity ever felt awkward
during his teenage years, they became key to
Drake’s success later on, allowing him to be all
things to all people: black and white; Jewish and
non-religious; a singer and a rapper; a hard-
swaggering proud, arrogant / self-confidence
self-assurance / Last name Ever, first name Greatest
line from the song Forever / debut first / upbringing
childhood, background (schooling and parents).
4. session musician studio musician / power-
moustache big moustache / to light, lit, lit up to
illuminate, to animate / vibrant active / social media
feed social network account / working-class poor,
proletarian / affluent rich, prosperous / to claim to say /
straitened difficult financially / circumstances situation
/ to fit in to belong to and feel at ease within a group
(because one is similar to the others).
5. to embody to represent / awkward ill-at-ease, Drake will release his fifth studio
embarrassed / hard-scrabble working hard in the face of album, Scorpion, in June.
difficulties but only producing very little / (J. Adam Huggins/The New York Times)

28 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter
scrabble working-class hustler; an aspirational
middle-class professional; a superstar. His pecu-
liar handsomeness – feminine eyes and lips,
coupled with a thick beard and strong forehead
– is both soft and hard. In a world where stream-
ing services mean tastes have broadened, and
where ethnic and musical diversity is champi-
oned among the millennials that make up the
majority of his fanbase, he sits in the middle of
a cultural and stylistic Venn diagram.  punchline that others don’t have. It’s not a dom-
6. In short, everyone likes Drake. “There’s no
demographic with him,” says Dirty South Joe, a
Philadelphia DJ who hosts a monthly party that
exclusively plays Drake tracks to 3,000 people
at a time. “There’s no makeup to the crowd – it’s
literally everyone. Because who he is, as a person,
is a little bit of everybody.”  the Atlantic is an absolute certainty, but is there
TWO MUSICAL IDENTITIES
7. Drake’s biggest success has been to manoeuvre
two musical identities so that they sit in equilib-
rium, and then blend them into one. He is sold
as both an R&B loverman and a hip-hop thug,
and much like a painter adding detail after detail
to his own self-portrait, Drake constantly per-
fects this image.  / to spawn to produce, to create / countless many,
8. He offset “Over”, the braggadocious first single
from his debut album, with “Find Your Love”, a
sweet, dancehall-leaning R&B track; on his sec-
ond album, “Take Care”, the melancholy title track
dovetailed against the pumped-up party of
“Headlines”; on album three, the flexing on
“Started From the Bottom” was met by the croon-
ing of “Hold On, We’re Going Home”. 
hustler here, energetic and enthusiastic person /
aspirational ambitious / peculiar particular /
handsomeness good looks / streaming tranmission of
video/audio content over the internet / to broaden to
widen, to diversify / to champion to defend, to support /
millennials generation born between the early 1980s and
the late 1990s / fanbase community of fans / Venn
diagram diagram using intersecting circles to represent
the relationship between different sets.
6. demographic particular group of people in society / to
host to organise / track song / makeup specific
composition/profile / crowd large group of people /
literally really.
7. to blend to combine, to mix / R&B = Rhythm and Blues
/ loverman here, romantic singer / thug aggressive and
violent person, gangster.
8. to offset, set, set here, to compensate (for) /
braggadocious boastful, arrogant / dancehall
reggae-style genre of Jamaican popular music which
originated in the late 1970s / dancehall-leaning
dancehall-style / dovetailed against here, combined
harmoniously with / pumped-up full of adrenaline and
energy / flexing exhibition of one’s muscles and strength /
crooning sentimental singing.
9. The unrelenting solipsism and passive-aggres-
sive relationships in Drake’s lyrics seem to chime
perfectly with an emotionally hyperarticulate
Tinder generation and have spawned countless
memes. Indeed, no other MC generates more
Internet content than Drake: “He has a strong
team around him, who understand memes, and
the importance of always being ahead of that
too,” says Joe. “And there’s a willingness to be the
inance of music with him – it’s a dominance of
popular culture.” 
10. Drake is now gearing up to release his eighth
full-length project, or as he put it on Instagram
this week: “You can see the album hours under
my eyes.” That it will reach No 1 on both sides of
anything left for him to mine from the zeitgeist
to stay relevant? Could this jack of all trades end
up a master of none? l
9. unrelenting constant / solipsism philosophical
theory that the self is all that can be known to exist / lyrics
words (of a song) / to chime to be in harmony /
hyperarticulate very communicative / Tinder dating app
numerous / meme short phrase or image that are viral on
the internet / MC = Master of Ceremony (here, rapper) /
willingness readiness, desire / punchline last line of a
rhyme or joke.
10. to gear up to prepare / to release to bring out /
full-length project here, album / Instagram photo/
video sharing service for mobile devices / to mine to
exploit, to use / zeitgeist (German) spirit of the times /
relevant pertinent, topical / jack of all trades, master of
none (exp.) person who can do many different things but is
not very competent at any of them.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Connaissez-vous Jack?
He's a jack of all trades (and master
of none) (§ 10) c'est un touche-à-tout
Before you could say Jack Robinson
en moins de temps qu'il n'en faut pour
le dire
I'm all right Jack moi, je suis peinard
"Jack and the Beanstalk" "Jack et le
Haricot magique"
Jack Tar marin , matelot
Jack-the-lad petit frimeur
jack-in-office rond-de-cuir qui joue les
petits chefs
jack-in-the-box diable (à ressort)
VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 29
Découverte I Neurosciences I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
Our guest Elaine Konopka is a therapist who takes her patients in hand,
encouraging each one to be mindful in action and the way the body
moves, or doesn’t. Find out more on the Basic recording!
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)

THE INDEPENDENT JOSH GABBATISS

PERFORMING TASKS
WHEN BEING WATCHED
Efficiency monitored while doing tasks in front of others
Who has not been seized by panic at the idea of having to make a presentation,
perform a dance number or any other performance to an audience? Researchers at
John Hopkins University in the United States have been studying the brain to
determine whether doing tasks in front of others has a negative effect on our level
of performance…with some rather surprising results.

S cientists have found people may actu-

ally perform tasks better when others
are watching, not worse. A new study has
used brain imaging techniques to investigate
ally helped people perform better than they
would if they were alone. 

EXTRA BIT OF INCENTIVE

the neuroscience underpinning people’s
ability to undertake tasks in front of crowds.
Professor Vikram Chib, a
biomedical engineer at
Johns Hopkins University,
originally set out to find
how being watched hinders
“An audience
people’s ability to perform.  can serve as an
extra bit of
2. Previously, his work has
explored why athletes incentive.”
“choke” when participating
in sporting events, using
brain scans to identify
those most likely to do well under pressure.
However, in his latest study he found that
having at least some people watching actu-
1. to find, found, found to discover / actually in reality,
in fact / worse here, less well / brain imaging
neuroimaging / to investigate here, to study / to
underpin to be at the base of / ability capability, capacity
/ to undertake, undertook, untertaken to carry out /
crowd large group, here, other people / to set, set, set
out to to undertake to / to hinder to slow down, inhibit,
obstruct.
2. previously formerly, in the past / work here, research,
study / to explore here, to study / to choke here, to lose
the ability to (perform, carry out a task) / to be likely to to
be more inclined to / to do, did, done well to perform
well / pressure stress / however but / latest most
recent.
3. "You might think having people watch you
isn't going to help, but it might actually make
you perform better," said
Profesor Chib. "An audience
can serve as an extra bit of
incentive." In their study,
Professor Chib and his col-
leagues wanted to investi-
gate both how participants
responded to the presence People may perform tasks better when
of an audience and what others are watching. (Istock)
happened to their brains in
such a situation. The scien- performing in front of others. The study was
tists gathered 20 partici- published in the journal Social Cognitive and
pants and asked them to play on a games Affective Neuroscience. While undertaking
console similar to a Wii or Xbox Kinect. They this task, the participants had their brain
were asked to perform a task on the console activity monitored with functional mag-
in front of an audience of two, and again with netic resonance imaging (MRI). 
no one watching. 
TWO PARTS OF THE CORTEX
4.Participants were on average 5 per cent 5. When participants knew they had an audi-
better at the video game, and sometimes as ence, a part of their brains known as the
much as 20 per cent better, when they were prefrontal cortex was activated. This brain
region is involved with a variety of functions
including personality, decision making and
3. incentive encouragement, motivation / audience
viewers, public, spectators / both each two things (at the
same time) / to respond to to react to (when faced with) journal specialised (scientific) publication / while when /
/ to happen to to occur in / such a this kind of / to gather to monitor here, to observe, study.
to bring together.
5. to be involved in to be responsible for, to be associated
4. on average in general / as much as up to / with / decision making taking decisions /

30 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

– significantly – moderating social behav-
iour and understanding the thoughts and
intentions of others.  effect could be diminished if the stakes – and
6. At the same time, another part of the
cortex was activated that is involved with
rewards, and together these two signals
triggered activity in an area of the brain
involved with action and motor skills
known as the ventral striatum. These brain
scans validated the scientists’ conclusion
that the presence of a small audience in-
creased people’s incentive to perform well.  gâchette
significantly importantly / behaviour conduct,
comportment.
6. reward recompense, gratification / to trigger to
activate, set off, cause / area part, zone / skill competence,
here, capacity / to increase to reinforce, heighten.
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture
SIZE OF THE AUDIENCE
7.However, the researchers noted that this
audience numbers – were higher. In this SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
study, Professor Chib noted that people with
social anxiety tended to perform better in
front of others, but said at some point, the
"... these two signals
size of the audience could increase the size
triggered activity in an
of one's anxiety. “We still need to figure that area of the brain ..." (§ 6)
out,” he said. l to trigger déclencher
Comparez :
the trigger of a gun la détente, la
he's quick on the trigger il n'attend
7. to diminish to reduce / stake risk, here, consequences / pas pour tirer, il réagit vite
social anxiety fear of situations that involve interaction trigger finger l'index
with other people / to tend to to be inclined to/have a trigger-happy à la gâchette facile,
tendency to / at some point at some stage, here, when
prêt à tirer ou à déclencher la guerre
the number of people is too high / size amount (of people),
pour un rien
gravity (of anxiety) / still continue to, (still need to have
yet to) / to figure sth out to understand, work out.
VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 31
 Bons plans I Langues
PAR ANTOINE MADEC
SÉJOURS LINGUISTIQUES POUR SENIORS :
WHY NOT !
Actifs ou retraités, les seniors sont de plus en plus nombreux à vouloir apprendre l'anglais ou tout simplement le perfectionner en
s'amusant. L'offre s'adapte à des apprenants plus exigeants et très souvent tout autant sensibles à la qualité de l'enseignement
qu'aux sorties culturelles proposées. Vocable s'est penché sur ce phénomène en pleine expansion.
ALLIER L'UTILE À L'AGRÉABLE
Avec Erasmus et l'essor des expatriations vers des pays anglophones, les
seniors n'ont plus le choix : il leur faut désormais rendre visite à leur progéni-
ture dans un environnement linguistique souvent intimidant. C'est une des
motivations qui incite les plus de 60 ans à opter pour un séjour linguistique.
La demande est assez récente et l'offre s'est adaptée à ce public en offrant
un savant mélange de cours et d'activités culturelles. Musées, spectacles,
visites guidées de sites historiques, les agences spécialisées redoublent
d'inventivité pour attirer cette nouvelle clientèle.
Verdié Hello propose par exemple 20 cours de 50 minutes à Londres avec
un focus sur la prononciation en plus de la grammaire et du vocabulaire.
Pour se détendre et mettre en pratique les notions apprises le matin, les
apprenants visitent l'Abbaye de Westminster, la National Gallery, le Musée
Victoria et Albert, et se voient proposer des dégustations de thé ou de bière.
L’École de langue Nacel English School (CLC CAP Voyages) organise pour
sa part des séjours en immersion à Londres entre juin et septembre. Au
menu, trois après-midi dédiées à la visite de la capitale avec le professeur :
House of Parliament, London Eye, Tower Bridge, Saint Paul Cathedral, sans
oublier une comédie musicale dans le West End et un dîner croisière sur
la Tamise : so romantic! Objectif affiché ? Gagner en autonomie lors de vos
prochains voyages. Cette école accréditée par le British Council s'adresse
aux apprenants de niveau débutant à intermédiaire supérieur.
Verdié Hello : 0565771047
Nacel English School (CLC CAP Voyages) : 0565775027
32 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018
(Istock)
DES FORMULES SUR-MESURE
Le concept de clientèle senior tend à commencer dès 50 ans et
il existe des offres destinées à des actifs en recherche d'emploi
ou qui ont besoin d'un coup de boost pour changer de poste
ou de secteur. L'offre doit alors s'adapter à une exigence plus
forte et à des apprenants plus travailleurs que leurs cadets.
Living Learning English s'adresse ainsi à ces jeunes seniors
avec des formules de 15 à 20 heures de cours par semaine en
immersion chez le professeur, chez qui ils ont la possibilité
de prendre les repas. ESL Education constate également une
demande croissante et la création de son 'Club 50' en est le
fruit. L'apprentissage se fait également pour l'essentiel chez
un professeur si possible de la même tranche d'âge pour une
proximité d'intérêts.
La formule au domicile du professeur est idéale et fortement
recommandée pour les débutants. C'est pourquoi Activalan-
gues insiste sur le travail de recherche d'un enseignant le plus
proche possible de son futur élève. Les professeurs peuvent
eux-aussi être retraités de leur activité principale et désireux
de poursuivre la transmission de savoir à des élèves de leur
âge. Les centres sont situés à Brighton mais aussi en Écosse,
en Afrique du Sud, en Australie et aux États-Unis.
Living Learning English : info@livingenglish.com
ESL Education : 0540246635
Activalangues : 0143075638
 INT146_Advert - Vocable-p4p.pdf 1 09/11/2017 11:06
Cours chez le professeur
PRIORITÉ AUX DESTINATIONS PLUS PROCHES
C

Si Londres est un incontournable en raison de la richesse de son M

offre culturelle, les amateurs d'air marin préféreront la côte comme Cours particuliers chez le professeur
par exemple les stations balnéaires de Brighton ou Bournemouth,
Y
le meilleur moyen d’apprendre l’anglais
cette dernière accueillant l'académie Action-Séjours et son école
More than just a language course
CM

internationale fondée en 1950 : sa certification NF Service délivrée MY

par l'A FNOR garantit le sérieux et la qualité d'une offre adaptée aux
plus de 65 ans. Plus au nord, les randonneurs et les golfeurs préfére-
CY

ront l’Écosse, destination prisée par les écoles pour ses paysages et CMY

la richesse historique d’Édimbourg. K

Pour gagner quelques degrés, rien de mieux que l'île de Malte.

Effective Linguistique fait le pari de l'île de Gozo, c'est-à-dire
l'arrière-pays, au calme, historiquement riche et réputé pour ses Cours de langues
bonnes tables. ESL Education a investi l'ancien village de pêcheurs
St Julian's et y propose même des leçons individuelles. On y digère
le vocabulaire et la grammaire lors d'une promenade en bateau au
Séjours
pied de la Citadelle ou une visite des Temples mégalithiques de Ghar
Dalam. En option : un tour du vignoble et des dégustations de vin. 
linguistiques
Action-Séjours : 0145309191
Effective Linguistique : 0557774488 Tests de langues
ESL Education : 0540246635

Jobs et stages
bon
à l’étranger…
à savoir

Quelques conseils avant de partir !

- Préférer un organisme labellisé
Il vaut mieux choisir un organisme selon les critères déterminés
par exemple par L'Office ou l'UNOSEL (Union Nationale des
Organisations de Séjours Éducatifs, Linguistiques et de Formation
en Langues).
- Bien choisir son hébergement
Veiller à ce qu'il n'y ait pas plus d'un francophone chez l'habitant.
- Partir en règle !
Au sein de l'UE, une simple assurance responsabilité civile est
exigée. Au-delà, il vous faudra en plus contracter une couverture
Plus de bons plans,de conseils
médicale et une assurance rapatriement. En cas de pépin et de bonnes adresses sur
supposant une hospitalisation d'urgence, au Royaume-Uni, vous
avez accès au British National Health Service. Toutefois, votre www.vocable.fr
Carte européenne d'assurance maladie sera demandée pour ne
pas avoir à avancer les frais. rubrique : conseils langues
S'informer en amont sur sa destination
Les 'fiches pays' du site du ministère des Affaires étrangères mais
aussi les sites des consulats sur place garantissent des
informations fiables, précises et actualisées. Rejoignez RÉSERVATIONS
Penser déjà au retour...
la
PUBLICITAIRES
C'est bien de tenir un petit carnet de voyage qui peut être utile
pour prendre le temps, les valises vidées, de 'fixer' toutes ces
nouvelles connaissances. Certains organismes comme ESL communauté
Education donnent accès à une plateforme d'apprentissage en
ligne pendant et aussi après le séjour.
Vocable France - Etranger
sur
01 44 37 97 79
publicite@vocable.fr

VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 33

Les sorties Retrouvez plus de coups de cœur sur www.vocable.fr

sur www.vocable.fr jouez et gagnez...

Des entrées pour des films et des expositions, des CD et des DVD, des romans, des voyages…

FESTIVAL
BRIAN DE PALMA
La Cinémathèque française organise une rétrospective
exceptionnelle consacrée au cinéaste culte Brian De
Palma, dont les films spectaculaires, engagés et très
« hitchcockiens », embrasent le cinéma américain
depuis les années 1960. Toute la filmographie du
cinéaste sera présentée, du confidentiel Outrages au
blockbuster Mission : Impossible. Ne manquez surtout
pas la master class du maître le 2 juin !
Cinémathèque française, 51 rue de Bercy, 75012 Paris.
Du 31 mai au 4 juillet.

LIVRE TELEVISION DVD

THE NEW YORK TIMES
EXPLORER, VILLES &
MÉTROPOLES
De Barbara Ireland
Barbara Ireland, ancienne rédactrice
adjointe de la rubrique « Voyage » du
New York Times, nous fait découvrir
une nouvelle facette de quelques-
unes des plus belles villes du monde,
de Paris à Tokyo en passant par
Lisbonne. Les destinations plus
inhabituelles ne sont pas en reste
non plus dans ce très bel ouvrage
richement illustré qui mêle itinéraires
subjectifs de l’auteur et sublimes
photographies. Un livre indispensable
pour tous les baroudeurs en herbe.
Editions Taschen - 30€
Des exemplaires
à gagner !
sur www.vocable.fr
DALLAS BUYERS CLUB
De Jean-Marc Vallée
Arte diffuse ce mois-ci l’excellent
biopic de Jean-Marc Vallée
consacré à Ron Woodroof.
Dallas, 1985. Lorsque Ron
Woodroof, électricien et cow-boy
de rodéo misanthrope, apprend
qu’il est malade du sida et qu’il
ne lui reste plus qu’un mois à
vivre, le monde s’écroule autour
de lui. Rejeté par ses amis, qui le
croient homosexuel, il décide de
s’informer sur les traitements
disponibles. C’est le début d’une
longue bataille contre les lobbys
pharmaceutiques…. Assurément
l’un des rôles les plus forts de
Matthew McConaughey !
Avec Matthew McConaughey, Jennifer Garner et Jared Leto.
A voir sur Arte le 6 juin à 20h55.
DE PALMA
De Noah Baumbach & Jake
Paltrow
Si vous ne pouvez pas vous rendre
à la rétrospective Brian De Palma à
la Cinémathèque française, vous
pourrez vous plonger avec bonheur
dans ce magnifique documentaire.
Dans ce long entretien, Brian De
Palma se raconte avec beaucoup
d’humour et de sincérité. Le
cinéaste de légende dévoile aussi
les coulisses des tournages de ses
films et évoque son amitié de
longue date avec quelques-uns des
plus grands réalisateurs au monde
(Martin Scorsese, Steven
Spielberg...). Un documentaire à
voir absolument si vous aimez le
cinéma, que vous soyez fan de De
Palma ou pas !
Carlotta Films
28€08 (édition prestige)

LIVRE

DEMANDE À LA POUSSIÈRE
De John Fante
Dans les années 1930, Arturo Bandini, fils d’immigrés italiens,
quitte son Colorado natal pour Los Angeles. Dans la Cité des
Anges, Arturo se consacre à l’écriture afin de devenir un
écrivain riche et célèbre. Il quitte parfois sa petite chambre
d’hôtel miteuse pour profiter des plaisirs de la grande ville,
dilapidant alors ses quelques rares dollars. Ses
déambulations sont jalonnées de rêves de gloire, d’aventures
et de femmes. 10/18 remet à l’honneur le grand écrivain John
Fante, et c’est un vrai bonheur de suivre le truculent double
de papier de l’écrivain américain dans ses petites et grandes
péripéties. Ce roman foisonnant et poétique est une
véritable ode à la ville de Los Angeles et à la vie de bohème.
Editions 10/18 - 7€10

34 • VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018

 le
dessin
I Décryptage I TURQUIE

THE ARTIST THE EU-TURKEY REFUGEE DEAL

Arend van Dam is a Dutch A report recently released by the European Commission praises Turkey for its
cartoonist based in Lands- migration policy and especially for its commitment to the EU-Turkey deal. The
meer. His work has been deal was signed in March 2016 to try to solve the huge influx of refugees into
published in Dutch newspa-
pers such as Hervormd Ned- Europe and to prevent migrants’ deaths. Under this deal, Turkey prevents boats
erland and Centraal Weekblad from leaving its shores for Greece and Greece sends back all arriving migrants to
but also in international Turkey. In exchange, the EU provides massive funding for refugees in Turkey,
newspapers like The New
York Times. which is being used to improve the conditions of Syrian refugees and to
implement strict measures against human smugglers. The deal also allows for
Dutch from Holland, from the
Netherlands / cartoonist person the acceleration of Turkey’s EU membership bid and visa-free travel for Turkish
who draws cartoons (funny or
satirical drawing). citizens within the Schengen area...
deal accord / to release to publish / to praise to express approval of, applaud / policy plan of action adopted by a government, measure /
commitment agreement, promise / to prevent to stop (from happening) / shore beach, coast / funding financial support / to improve
to make better / to implement to put into action, apply / smuggler person who traffics goods or humans illegally / bid candidacy.

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VOCABLE Du 31 mai au 13 juin 2018 • 35

.
 SÉJOURS LINGUISTIQUES
& VACANCES JEUNES
IM012100014

" Les cultures se vivent et se partagent "

Partir en séjour linguistique avec VERDIÉ HELLO ce n’est pas uniquement apprendre une langue, c’est aller à la rencontre
de ceux qui la parlent pour en saisir toutes les subtilités. Une occasion unique de vivre en immersion au cœur d’une
culture inconnue, de s’imprégner de son histoire, de ses valeurs, et de se familiariser avec un rythme et un univers
étranger. VERDIÉ HELLO c’est aussi des vacances découverte et des colonies en France et à l’étranger ! VERDIÉ HELLO
est une marque fiable, engagée pour la satisfaction de ses clients et qui vous apporte les meilleurs garanties de sérieux
et de qualité comme en attestent la certification NF Service Organisateurs de Séjours ou Stages Linguistiques ainsi que
le label UNOSEL.

05 65 77 10 47
www.verdiehello.com

destinations
humaines