A.

Jenukananth
B.Sc. Engineering (civil)
University of Moratuwa.
AMIE(SL), AEEC(SL).
Teacher – HLC & RHLC.
Colombo
Exam 26 0765463054

(Whatsapp the answers to 0765463054. Check your progress yourself and prepare for the final
exam.)
Structured Essay
01)

A straight wire carriying a current I is placed in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B, as
shown in the figure 1. The angle between the directions of the magnetic field and the current is
Ɵ.
(a) (i) Write down an expression for the magnitude of the magnetic force F acting on a length
l of the wire in terms of I , B , l and Ɵ.
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(ii) Write down the rule that gives the direction of the magnetic force (for the case Ɵ = 90o).
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(b) Now the above wire is bent to form a rectangular coil
PQRS of N turns and of length a and breadth b. This coil
is placed in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B as
shown in figure 2. The angle between the plane of the
coil and the direction of B is α. A current I is passed
through the coil.

Figure 2
 (i) Write down expressions for the magnetic forces acting on the arms PS and QR
of the coil at the instant shown in figure 2, and hence derive an expression for the
magnitude of the couple acting on the coil in terms of N, I, B, α and the area A of the
coil.
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(ii) The couple due to the magnetic forces on the arms PQ and RS is zero. Explain the
reason for this.
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(c) Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a moving coil galvanometer in which the magnetic
field in is not shown.

(i) How is the dependence of the couple on α, [mentioned in (b) (i) above] avoided in this
instrument?
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(ii) The galvanometer coil has N turns and an area A. The flux density of the magnetic
field is B and the spiral spring has a torsion constant C. When a current I is flowing
through the galvanometer, the deflection of the pointer is Ɵ.
Write down an expression relating I and Ɵ.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
 (iii)This galvanometer has a full scale deflection of 5 mA. How would you connect an
external resistor to convert this instrument into an ammeter having a full scale
deflection of 5A?

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(iv) If the resistance of the galvanometer coil is 20 Ω, calculate the value of the resistor
needed in (c) (iii).
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(v) Propose a method to modify this instrument internally to measure currents in the range
of μA.
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Essays
02) Describe briefly the wet and dry bulb hygrometer and discuss how you would use it to find
the relative humidity of the atmosphere. State precautions, if any, that have to be taken in
order to obtain an accurate value for the relative humidity.

Temperature Mass(g) of water vapour

0
C required to saturate 1m3
of air
24 21.54
22 19.22
20 17.42
18 15.22
16 13.50
14 11.96
12 10.57
10 9.33
08 8.21
06 7.22

On a day when the realtive humidity of the atmosphere is 80% a certain room of capacity 48 m 3 was
isolated from the rest of the atmosphere and its relative humidity was reduced to 50% by means of a
machine which absorbs water vapour from air without changing its temperature. Once the room had
attained the 50% humidity level it was found that the machine had collected 430 g of water from the
air inside the room. Use the above data and table to calculate
i. the dew point of the room to the nearest degree.
ii. absolute humidity of the atmosphere outside the room.
 03) The intensity (I) of the rqadiation emitted by a blackbody at a
temperature T = 4000 K as a function wave length (𝜆) is shown in the
figure. The peak of the distribution is at wavelength (𝜆p) = 724.5 nm.

a. What does the area under the curve shown in figure 1 represent?

b.Calculate the energy of a photon having a wavelength 𝜆= 724.5 nm.

Planck’s constant h = 6.63 x 10-34 J s and speed of light
Figure 1
c = 3.0 x108 m s-1.
c.
i. The wavelength 𝜆p corresponding to the radiation emitted by the sun is 500 nm. Considering
the sun to be a black body, determine its surface temperature.
ii. The radius of the sun is 7.0 x 108 m. calculate the total energy radiated per second by the
sun. Stefan constant 𝜎 = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4.
iii. Consider a distant star, barely visible to the naked eye at night and having properties similar
to those of the sun. If the threshold of dark-adapted vision of the eye at wavelength near
500 nm is 4.0 x 10-11 W m-2 and 40 % of the total radiation emitted by the star is in the near
500 nm region, calculate the approximate distance to the star from the earth.

d.Figure 2 shows the intensity distribution of the light emitted by a

firefly. The wavelength 𝜆p corresponding to the peak of distribution
is 570 nm. Determine the temperature of a blackbody that would
emit the radiation peaked at the same wave length.

Hence conclude, giving reasons, whether the radiation emmited by

the firefly can be considered as black body radiation.

Figure 2

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Exams on each Saturdays @ 7 pm Exams on each Tuesdays @ 7 pm Measurement
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