Amino Acid 3- 1- Polarity Charge R-R interaction Structure Additional Notes

letter letter
With Hydrophobic Side Chain- ALIPHATIC
- Simplest and smallest
Glycine Gly G Nonpolar Neutral Hydrophobic amino acid; No chiral
interaction carbon
- Most abundant in collagen
- Heme, purines, creatine,
glutathione, hippuric acid

- D-Ala – cell wall of gram (+)

Alanine Ala A Nonpolar Neutral Hydrophobic bacteria
interaction

- Branched-chain amino acid

Valine Val V Nonpolar Neutral Hydrophobic
interaction

- Branched-chain amino acid

Leucine Leu L Nonpolar Neutral Hydrophobic
interaction

- Branched-chain amino acid

Isoleucine Ile I Nonpolar Neutral Hydrophobic
interaction

- Branched-chain amino acid

Methionine Met M Nonpolar Neutral Hydrophobic - Carnitine
interaction - SAM = active methyl donor

- Branched-chain
Proline Pro P Nonpolar Neutral Hydrophobic - “-Imino acid”
interaction - “helix breaker”
- Hydroxyproline (Vit. C
Epistaxis)

With Hydrophobic Side Chain – AROMATIC

- With Benzene ring
Phenylalanine Phe F Nonpolar Neutral Hydrophobic - Melanin, Dopamine,
interaction Thyroxine, Epinephrine,
Norepinephrine

- With Indole Ring

Tryptophan Trp W Nonpolar Neutral Hydrophobic - Niacin (Vit. B3 Pellagra)
interaction - Serotonin
- Melatonin (Sleepasil)
- Indole & Skatole (stool
odor)
- Absorbs highest UV light
wavelength

KLM | 1C | Batch2020
Amino Acid 3- 1- Polarity Charge R-R interaction Structure Additional notes
letter letter
With Polar Neutral(Uncharged) Side Chain
Serine Ser S Polar Neutral Hydrogen - Hydroxyl-
bonding containing
(-OH with -COOH) - Signal
transduction
pathways
- D-Serine –
brain
Threonine Thr T Polar Neutral Hydrogen - Hydroxyl-
bonding containing
(-OH with -COOH) - Signal
transduction
pathways

Tyrosine Tyr Y Polar Neutral Hydrogen - Hydroxyl-

bonding containing
(-OH with -COOH) - Melanin,
Dopamine,
Thyroxine,
Epinephrine,
Norepinephrin
e
- Signal
transduction
pathways
- “tyros”=cheese
Glutamine Gln Q Polar Neutral -Amide
derivative of
Glutamate
-Primary source
of urinary
ammonia
-impt. In detox.
Of ammonia

Asparagine Asn N Polar Neutral -Amide

derivative of
aspartate
-first amino acid
discovered
-in asparagus

Cysteine Cys C Polar Neutral Hydrogen -With Thiol grp

bonding (-SH with -Polar =
-OH) sulfyhydryl grp.
-Glutathione
Disulfide bond (-S
with -S)

KLM | 1C | Batch2020
Amino Acid 3- 1- Polarity Charge R-R interaction Structure Additional
letter letter notes
With Electrically Charged Side Chains – ACIDIC
Aspartic Asp D Polar Negative Hydrogen - D-Aspartate-
bonding brain
acid/ (-COOH with -
Aspartate OH)

Ionic interaction
(-COOH with
NH3+)
Glutamic Glu E Polar Negative Hydrogen - D-Glutamate =
bonding abundant in cell
acid/ (-COOH with - wall of gram (+)
Glutamate OH) bacteria
- GABA (Vit. B6) -
natural
Ionic interaction tranquilizers
(-COOH with - -
NH3+) carboxyglutamic
acid –
prothrombin (Vit
K)
- first isolated
from wheat
gluten
With Electrically Charged Side Chains – BASIC
Histidine His H Polar Positive Ionic interaction - R-grp =
(NH3+ with - Imidazole grp.
COOH) - Histamine

Lysine Lys K Polar Positive Ionic interaction - Carnitine

(NH3+ with - - Hydroxylysine
COOH) (Vit. C 
Epistaxis)
- Desmosine

Arginine Arg R Polar Positive Ionic interaction - R-grp = Guanido

(NH3+ with - grp.
COOH) - Urea cycle

KLM | 1C | Batch2020