ACCIDENT

CAUSATION
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
UNDIP 2023
 SAFETY TRIANGLE
Heinrich, 1930

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPwy9CxYAy8

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ACCIDENT THEORY
Point of
view

Single Multiple
cause cause
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THEORIES OF ACCIDENT CAUSATION
• Pure chance theory
• Three main factors/human factors theory
• Domino Sequence Theory (Heinrich et al., 1929)
• Epidemiology Theory (Gordon, 1949)
• Loss Control Theory (Bird & Germain, 1970)
• Swiss cheese model (Reason, 1990)
• System theory

April 23 Dr. Manik Mahachandra - IE Undip 3

PERKEMBANGAN PEMIKIRAN

Unsafe cond. Unsafe act

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BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY

Unsafe act >80%

Unsafe condition

(DuPont, 1995)

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THREE MAIN FACTORS THEORY
Human Factors Theory

Chain of events ultimately

caused by human error
OVERLOAD INAPPROPRIATE INAPPROPRIATE
• Capacity vs workload RESPONSE ACTIVITIES
• How a person responds • Doing a task without
given certain conditions training
• Incompatibility with • Misjudging the degree of
workstation risk

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DOMINO SEQUENCE THEORY

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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL THEORY

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LOSS CONTROL THEORY

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SWISS CHEESE MODEL
Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS)
HFACS, Inc |
The HFACS
Framework

April 23 Dr. Manik Mahachandra - IE Undip 10

SYSTEM
THEORY

Stressors cloud judgment (1-3)

• Job requirements
• Worker’s abilities & limitations
• Benefit if task accomplished
• Loss if task is tried but fails
• Loss if task is not attempted

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GROUP ASSIGNMENT

Apply any accident theory on your chosen

accident case

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