Sources of Obligations (Art. 1157) - People of The Philippines vs. Relova, 6 March 1987

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JD 5 0 2: O B L I GA T IO N S a n d C O N T RA C T S w i t h S A LE S

- 19 -

PE O PL E O F T H E PH I LI PP IN ES V S . RE LO VA
[ GR N O . L - 45 12 9 , 06 MA RC H 19 8 7]
P o ne nt e: C A S T IL L O , J.

FACTS:
O n F e b rua r y 1, 19 7 5, me m b er s o f t h e B a t a n g a s C i ty P o l ic e t o g et h e r w it h
p ers o nn e l of t h e B a t a n g as E l ect r ic L ig ht Sys t e m, e q u i p p e d w i t h a s ea rc h
w a rra nt , s ea rc h e d t he p r e mis es o f t h e O p ul e nc i a C a r pe n a I ce P l ant a n d C o l d
St o rag e o w n ed a n d op e ra t e d b y pr i va t e re s p o n de n t M an u el O p ul e nc ia. T h e
po l i c e d is c ov ere d t h a t el ect r ic w ir i ng d e vi c es a n d c ont r a pt i o ns ha d b ee n
i n s t a l le d w it ho ut t h e ne c es s a ry a ut h or it y f r om t h e cit y go ve r nm e n t. T h es e
el ec t ri c d ev ic es w e re des i gn e d p u r p o s e l y to l o w e r o r d ec rea s e t h e r e ad i ng s o f
el ec t ri c c o n s um p t i o n i n t he e le c t ri c met er o f t h e s a i d el ec t r i c a n d c o l d
s t o ra ge ic e p la nt .
C o ns e q ue n t ly, a n A s s is t a n t C i ty Fi s ca l of B a t an gas f i le d a n i nf o rm at io n
ag ai ns t O pu l e nc i a f or v io l a t io n of O r d i n an c e N o. 1 S e r ies o f 1 9 7 4, B at a n g as
C it y. H ow ev e r, s u b s e qu en t l y, t h e ac cu s e d f i le d a mo ti o n t o d is m i s s t h e
i n f o rm at io n up o n t h e g r ou n ds t h a t t he c r im e t h er e ch a rg e d h a d a l rea d y
p res c ri b ed .
F ou rt ee n (1 4 ) da ys l a t e r, t h e A c ti n g C it y F is c a l o f B at a n gas f i le d b ef o re
t h e C ou rt o f F i rs t I n s t a nce o f B ata n gas a n ot h e r i nf o rmat i o n ag ai ns t
O p ul e nc i a th is t i m e f o r t h e t he f t o f e l ect r ic po w er u n d e r A rt i cl e 3 08 i n
re l at io n t o A rt i c le 3 09 o f t h e R e vi s e d P e na l C o d e. Ho w ev e r, t he c as e w as
l i k ew is e di s m is s e d o n t h e g ro u n d o f t h e c o ns t i tu t i on a l ri g ht ag ai ns t d o u b l e
jeo p a rd y. A s r eg a r d s t h e c i vi l a s p e ct o f th e c a s e, n o ri g h t t o f il e a s ep a rat e
ci vi l act io n w a s f i le d b y t h e B a t a n g a s C it y E lec t r ic L ig ht Sys t em.

IS S UE:
W he th e r t he e xt i nct io n of c ri m i na l l ia b il ity w h et he r by p res c r ip ti o n o r
by th e b a r o f do u b l e j e op a r dy c a rr i es w i t h it t h e e xt i nct i on o f c iv i l li a b il it y
bas e d o n t h e o ff e ns e c h a rg e d.

H E LD : N O
It is w e l l s et t le d t h a t e xt i ng u is h me n t o f c ri mi n al l i a b i l it y d o es no t
e xt i n gu i s h a n y o r a ll ci vi l l ia b i li ti es a t t a c he d t o it . I n t he p r es en t c as e,
acc u s e d O p ul e nc i a f re e l y a d mi t te d d ur i ng t h e p o l ic e i nv es t i gat i o n h av i ng
s t o l e n e le c tr ic cu r re n t t h ro ug h t h e in s t a l la t i o n a n d us e of u n a ut ho ri ze d
el ec t ri c c o n ne c t io ns o r de vi ces . Wh i le t h e a c cus e d p le a d e d n ot g u i l t y b ef o re
t h e C it y C o u rt of B a ta n ga s C it y, h e d i d no t de ny h av i ng a p p ro p ri at e d el ect r ic
po w er. H o w ev er, t he re i s n o ev i d en ce i n t h e rec o r d as to t h e am ou nt o r v a lu e
of t h e e lec t ri c p o w e r a p p ro p ri at e d by t h e a c cus e d. A c co rd in g l y, t h e c iv i l
act io n w hi c h h a s no t b e en w a i ve d i m p l i e d l y o r e x p res s l y s h ou l d be r e ma n de d
t o t h e C o u rt of F i rs t Ins t a nc e o f B a t a n g a s C it y fo r t h e re ce pt i o n o f ev i d e nc e
on t h e a mo un t o r va l u e o f th e e lec t r ic p o w e r a p p ro p r iat e d a n d c on v ert e d b y
Ma n u e l O p ul e nc io a n d re n d it i o n o f j u dg me nt co n fo rma b ly w i th s uc h
ev i de nc e.

© 2020, TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES, COLLEGE OF LAW; TAGHANGIN MORONG, RIZAL

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