AIRELENE TAUPAN CARLOS taupanairelene@gmail.

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BSED 1. GEC 2 – Readings in Philippines history

Label each passage either as FACT (F) or OPINION (O). If a passage combines fact and opinion
write (FO) and underline that part of that passage that you think is an opinion or judgment.

O 1. “His” [Apolinario Mabini] writings, his behavior throughout his life, short as it was
demonstrated extraordinary moral integrity, intense and uncompromising patriotism.” –
Roxas-Lim (200)

F 2. “Swimmer Miguel Molina finished fourth in the 400-meter individual medley…,

while the men’s trap shooters missed the bronze by seven birds…” –Tempo Sports News,
Bancod, December 4, 2006

F 3. “President Marcos, an unscrupulous politician, craftily planned KBL strategy before,

during, and after the elections, if need to be steal the results in his favor. No efforts was
spared in the use of “guns, goons, and gold” to intimidate or entice voters to support the
Marcos-Tolentino ticket.” –Zaide (1999)

F 4. “Anyone who has visited Jolo can immediately see that beyond the towns looms a
dominating peak, Mt. Tumatangis, a place held sacred by the Tausugs as the burial grounds of
its sultans. The busy pier is called the “Chinese Pier”, obviously used in the early times by
Chinese trading vessels.” –Patanne (1996)

FO 5. “Yay Panlilio [was] a pre-war newspaperwoman. As early as April 1942, she began
serving as G-2 agent in Manila for the USAFFE headquarters. [A military citation to her credit
reads]: “Through her untiring efforts and selflessness…in supplying…information concerning
Japanese…activities…many American lives were saved.” –Baclogan (1968)
Chapter Exercise
True or False. Write true if the statement is true. Otherwise, write false in the space
provided.
True 1. History is the study of the past.
False 2. Historical sources that were not written should not be used in writing history.
True 3. The subject of historiography is history itself.
False 4. History has no use for the present, thus, the saying “past is past” is true.
False 5. History is limited to the study of a hero versus a villain.
False 6. Only primary sources may be used in writing history.
True 7. There are three types of sources: primary, secondary, and tertiary sources.
True 8. External criticism is done by examining the physical characteristics of a source.
True 9. Internal criticism is done by looking at a source’s quality of paper and type of ink,
among others.
False 10. The histories are the only source of history.

What Source? Read the following scenarios and classify the sources discovered as primary,
secondary, or tertiary sources. Write your answer in the space provided.

Jose was exploring the library in his new school in Manila. He wanted to study the history of
Calamba, Laguna during the nineteenth century. In one of the books, he saw an old
photograph of a woman standing in front of an old church, clipped among the pages. At the
back of the photo was a fine inscription that says: “Kalamba, 19 de Junio 1861.”
Is the photograph a primary, secondary, or a tertiary source?
_________________________Primary Source__________
It was Lean’s first day in his first year of college in a big university. His Ko made him come to
class unusually early and he found their classroom empty. He explored the classroom and sat
at the teacher’s table. He looked at the table drawer and saw a book entitled U.G An
Underground Tale: The Journey of Edgar Jopson and the First QuarterStorm Generation. He
started reading the book and realized the book that it was a biography of a student leader
turned political activists during the time of Ferdinand Marcos. The author used interviews
with friends and family of Jopson, and other primary documents related to his works and life.
Is the book a primary, secondary, or a tertiary source?
_______________________Secondary Source____________

Lorena was a new teacher of Araling Panlipunan in a small elementary school in Mauban,
Quezon. Her colleagues gave her the new textbook that she ought to use in class. Before the
class started, Lorena studied the textbook carefully. She noticed that the authors used works
by other known historians in writing the textbook. She noted that the bibliography included
Teodoro Agoncillo’s The Revolt of the Masses and the Faithful Years: Japan’s Adventure in the
Philippines, 1941-45. She also saw that authors used Ma. Luisa Camagay’s Working Women of
Manila During the 19th Century and many others.
Is the textbook a primary, secondary, or a tertiary source?
___________________Tertiary Source___________
Manuel visited the United States for a few months to see his relatives who have lived there
for decades. His uncle brought him on tours around Illinois. Manuel visited the Field Museum
of Natural History where a golden image of a woman caught his eye. Manuel looked closer
and bought by the museum in 1922. It was believed to be made prior to the arrival of the
Spaniards in the Philippines.
Is the sculpture a primary, secondary, or a tertiary source?
____________________Primary Source__________
Gregoria loved to travel around the country. She liked bringing with her a travel brochure
that informs her of the different sites worth visiting in the area. Her travel brochure was
usually produced by the tourism department of the province. It shows pictures of
destinations visited by the tourists and a few basic information about the place like the origin
of the name, the historical significance of the place, and some other information acquired by
the office’s researchers and writer.
Is the sculpture a primary, secondary, or a tertiary source?
____________________Secondary Source_______